When evaluating relevant policies that define the buyer-seller relationships in the purchasing process, it is necessary to recognize the organization's approach to the sourcing and procurement process.
Buyer-seller relationships play a significant role in the purchasing process, and companies must be clear in their purchasing policies to ensure the maintenance of mutually beneficial relationships among these parties.When creating policies to define buyer-seller relationships, some of the areas that may be covered include but not limited to the following:Selection and qualification criteria: The policy should spell out the criteria for selecting suppliers, including factors such as capacity, technical skills, reputation, financial strength, and quality standards.Price determination: The policy should spell out the mechanisms for determining the price of the goods or services procured, including cost-based pricing, market-based pricing, and profit margins, among others.Contract terms: This is where the policy spells out the contractual terms and conditions governing the buyer-seller relationship. These may include clauses on payment terms, delivery schedules, warranties, indemnification, confidentiality, and intellectual property rights.Risk allocation: Here, the policy defines how risks are allocated between the buyer and seller. Risks could include quality risks, delivery risks, financial risks, among others.Dispute resolution: The policy should define the mechanisms for resolving disputes between the buyer and seller. These could include mediation, arbitration, litigation, among others.It is essential to ensure that purchasing for the purchasing process, including the maintenance of mutually beneficial relationships with suppliers and other stakeholders. In conclusion, purchasing policies should promote transparency, accountability, and ethical standards in the buyer-seller relationship.
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QUESTION 1 Project A has a Return of Investement (ROI) of 28%, Project B 7%, Project C 31%, Project D 19%. Which of these would be the best project? a. Project C b. Project D c. Project B d. Project A
ROI is the abbreviation for return on investment. This ratio measures how much profit an investment generates in comparison to the investment’s cost. Project C(A) would be the best choice for investment with an ROI of 31% over the other three projects.
The higher the ROI, the better the project is.ROI = [(Gain from Investment – Cost of Investment) / Cost of Investment] x 100Given ROI for Project A = 28%, ROI for Project B = 7%, ROI for Project C = 31%, ROI for Project D = 19%.To answer the question, the best project can be identified by comparing the ROIs. The ROI for Project C is the highest at 31%, followed by Project A at 28%. Next comes Project D at 19%, and lastly, Project B at 7%.So, the best project among all four is Project C, with the highest ROI of 31%.In 100 words, the best project among all four is Project C with the highest ROI of 31%. ROI measures how much profit an investment generates in comparison to the investment’s cost.
The ROI for Project C is the highest, followed by Project A, then Project D and Project B. Therefore, Project C would be the best choice for investment with an ROI of 31% over the other three projects.
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If the company has decided to use Miles and Snow’s analyzer strategy, which of the following actions would best support this strategy?
a. Develop decision-making processes that optimize goal setting.
b. Encourage creativity by giving lower-level managers the resources to innovate.
c. Hire from outside the company whenever possible.
Developing decision-making processes that optimize goal setting, is the best action to support the Miles and Snow’s analyzer strategy. (Option a)
If the company has decided to use Miles and Snow's analyzer strategy, the action that would best support this strategy is:
a. Develop decision-making processes that optimize goal setting.
The analyzer strategy, as defined by Miles and Snow, involves a company that maintains a stable core business while also seeking opportunities for limited innovation and adaptation to changing market conditions. This strategy emphasizes balancing stability and innovation.
Developing decision-making processes that optimize goal setting aligns with the analyzer strategy because it allows the company to establish clear objectives and performance targets while still being flexible enough to adapt and respond to market changes. This approach enables the company to analyze and selectively pursue new opportunities that align with its core business, rather than completely disrupting or deviating from it.
Encouraging creativity by giving lower-level managers the resources to innovate (option b) aligns more with the prospector strategy, where companies actively seek out new opportunities and are willing to take risks and experiment.
Hiring from outside the company whenever possible (option c) aligns more with the reactor strategy, where companies often lack a proactive strategy and instead react to external pressures and events.
Therefore, option a, developing decision-making processes that optimize goal setting, is the best action to support the analyzer strategy.
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1. What events are triggered by the issue of a completion certificate? Explain your understanding of the defects liability (notification) period and what is the difference between a patent defect and latent defect? (100 words)
2. Describe the types of risk likely to be encountered firstly by the Employer and secondly by the Contractor. (200 words)
3. Describe the main causes of workplace accidents? (200 words)
4. Briefly list the eight safety rules for building and inspecting scaffolds. (200 words)
5. What are the conditions for a contract between two or more parties to be legally binding? Under what conditions can a contract not be legally binding for one or more of the parties? (300 words)
Once the construction work has been completed, a certificate of completion will be issued, which will trigger the following events The contractor's right to a final payment, as well as the client's right to the completion of the work and the contractor's discharge from liability in terms of contract execution and defects notification.
The certificate of completion is a critical document that marks the end of a project. The defects liability (notification) period is the period in which the client is entitled to demand that the contractor correct any defects that may have arisen as a result of work performed under the contract. A patent defect is a problem with the property that can be seen, discovered, or identified via routine inspections. A latent defect, on the other hand, is a hidden flaw in the property that cannot be discovered via routine inspections and that was present before the client took ownership of the property.
The Employer is most likely to be exposed to financial risks as a result of the contractor's poor performance, as well as any delays that might have occurred as a result of the work's non-completion on time. As a result, he is also responsible for providing financial assistance and approving additional funding to cover the costs of the contractor's delays or lack of efficiency. The Contractor is exposed to the risk of defaulting on its contractual commitments, as well as a decline in the financial performance of the project or a failure to complete it. As a result, they are also responsible for identifying and mitigating any risks that may arise during the project.
The main reasons for workplace accidents can be divided into three categories unsafe work methods, unsafe work conditions, and unsafe employee behavior. Factors such as lack of awareness, inadequate training, and inattention can all contribute to workplace accidents. An unsafe work environment can be caused by factors such as insufficient lighting, poor ventilation, and improper storage of materials, while unsafe work methods can be caused by factors such as lack of proper safety equipment, insufficient personal protective equipment, or a lack of protocols for handling hazardous materials.
The eight safety rules for building and inspecting scaffolds are as follows: Scaffolding should only be erected and dismantled by persons who are trained and authorized to do so. Scaffolding should be erected according to the manufacturer's specifications and industry best practices. Scaffolding should be properly braced and secured to prevent movement or swaying. Scaffolding should be inspected regularly to ensure that it is in good working order. Scaffolding should be equipped with proper guardrails and toe boards to prevent falls. Scaffolding should be equipped with proper ladders or stairs for access and exit. Scaffolding should not be overloaded with excessive weight or material. Scaffolding should be dismantled in reverse order, with the uppermost parts being removed first.
For a contract to be legally binding, it must include a valid offer, acceptance, and consideration. Furthermore, the parties to the contract must be legally competent and the subject matter of the contract must be legal. The following conditions can render a contract non-binding Fraudulent, negligent, or innocent misrepresentation; undue influence or duress; illegality or public policy considerations that prohibit the contract from being enforced; or lack of capacity on the part of one or more of the parties involved.
The completion certificate is an important document that marks the end of a project. The defects liability period is the period during which the client can request that the contractor correct any defects that may have arisen as a result of the work done under the contract. The risks that the Employer and the Contractor are likely to face are different. Workplace accidents can be caused by unsafe working methods, unsafe working conditions, or unsafe employee behavior. The eight safety rules for building and inspecting scaffolds are designed to keep employees safe. For a contract to be legally binding, it must meet specific requirements.
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Brand equity is the value associated with:
Group of answer choices
The customer's preferences.
The firm's resellers.
Only high-end brands.
The firm's brand.
All of these answers are correct.
Read the following case study and then answer the questions that follow. Anat Apter, founder of falafel and shawarma franchise, Anat. Starting out, Apter bought a food trailer for R600 that she paid off over six months. At first she only sold falafel because it's what she knew how to make best, and she wouldn't settle for anything less than the best quality. The strategy worked. The food was delicious, and she slowly introduced shawarmas for meat-loving South Africans once they'd been perfected. The shawarma was such a money spinner that two years later, Apter opened her own shop at the market. As the market started to wane, she moved to Sandton City to win over a new customer-base. That feat took two years, but the gamble paid off: She franchised the business two years later, using franchisees' capital to help her grow the brand to 26 stores around the country today. All because of a focus on starting small, serving the absolute best and keeping things at their most affordable and value for money. Source: Von Moltke-Todd, N. 2019. 10 SA Entrepreneurs Who Built Their Businesses From Nothing, Entrepreneur South Africa, 27 February 2022. [Online]. Available at: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/327431 [Accessed 23 February 2022]. Note: In your answers, you will be awarded more marks for integrating the theory and facts from the case study than if you discuss them separately. Use your own words for discussion purposes. Q.2.1 With the use of examples applicable to the case study, explain the factors of production, or resources that Anat Apter is likely to have used. Q.2.2 Briefly define and explain the concept of franchising in the context of the Anat franchise. Q.2.3 Suggest reasons Anat Apter would have to develop a business plan. Q.2.4 Analyse opportunities and threats in the market environment that likely contributed to Anat's move from the market to Sandton City.
The factors of production or resources that Anat Apter is likely to have used can be explained as follows: Land: Anat Apter bought a food trailer to begin her business. She used land as a factor of production to run the food trailer.
Labour: Anat Apter had to employ people to work in the trailer or shop. Her shop is now operating in 26 places, indicating that she requires a substantial amount of labour to keep the franchise running. Capital: She used her own R600 to purchase a food trailer, which she paid off over six months. Furthermore, she used the capital invested by franchisees to expand the business. Enterprise: The most crucial factor of production in Anat's story is the entrepreneurial spirit. She started with nothing, and her franchise now operates in 26 locations across the country.Q2.2 Franchising is a company arrangement in which the franchisor (the original business owner) grants a franchisee (the new owner) the right to run a company using the franchisor's business model. The franchisor will usually provide training and assistance to the franchisee in exchange for a fee.
The franchisee can also be granted exclusive rights to sell the franchisor's goods or services in a specific region or territory. In the context of the Anat franchise, it suggests that Anat Apter granted her franchisees the right to run their own franchises using her business model and brand name. She most likely provided support and training to her franchisees to ensure that they operate the franchise according to the Anat standards.Q2.3 Anat Apter would have to develop a business plan for the following reasons: To provide a roadmap for the business's future growth.To assist in raising capital.To assist in the establishment of the business's objectives, strategies, and priorities.To aid in the identification and mitigation of risks.
To help in the management of the company's finances.To assist in the evaluation of performance, which aids in the identification of areas for improvement.To aid in the management of resources.Q2.4Anat Apter moved from the market to Sandton City because the market was starting to wane, which is a threat in the market environment that contributed to her decision. Sandton City provided an opportunity to win over a new customer base. The opportunities and threats in the market environment that likely contributed to Anat's move from the market to Sandton City are discussed below:Opportunities:Sandton City was an opportunity for Anat to win over a new customer base due to the mall's popularity and central location. It provided a chance for her to expand her business in a high-traffic location.Threats:The market's decline was a significant threat to Anat's business because it was the only source of revenue at the time. Because of the market's decline, she had to find a new location, which involved additional costs and risks. Furthermore, as a result of the increased competition in Sandton City, Anat had to compete with other fast-food establishments. It's a high-cost environment, and the price-sensitive South African market could be a problem.
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In view of the analysis you have just made, do you think Walt Disney is doing a good or a not-so-good job of managing its environment? What recommendations would you make to improve its ability to obtain resources?
Walt Disney is a large and complex organization that operates in various sectors, including entertainment, theme parks, media, and consumer products. Effectively managing its environment, including obtaining resources, is crucial for its long-term success. Here are some recommendations that could potentially improve Walt Disney's ability to obtain resources:
1. Strategic Partnerships: Establishing strategic partnerships can help Walt Disney access additional resources, expertise, and market reach. Collaborating with other companies, content creators, or technology providers can enhance its competitive advantage and provide opportunities for resource sharing.
2. Innovation and Adaptation: In today's rapidly changing business landscape, innovation is key. Walt Disney should continuously invest in research and development to stay ahead of industry trends and consumer preferences. By embracing new technologies, content formats, and business models, the company can attract resources and remain relevant.
3. Diversification: Expanding into new markets and diversifying its revenue streams can reduce Walt Disney's reliance on specific resources or sectors. This could involve exploring opportunities in emerging markets, investing in new entertainment platforms, or expanding its product offerings.
4. Talent Acquisition and Development: Attracting and retaining top talent is vital for resource management. Walt Disney should focus on creating an appealing work environment, offering competitive compensation packages, and providing opportunities for professional growth and development. A skilled and motivated workforce can contribute to resource acquisition and utilization.
5. Effective Stakeholder Management: Building strong relationships with stakeholders, such as investors, suppliers, and local communities, is essential. Transparent communication, ethical practices, and mutually beneficial partnerships can enhance Walt Disney's reputation, access to resources, and support from stakeholders.
6. Sustainable Practices: Emphasizing sustainability and responsible resource management can improve Walt Disney's image, attract environmentally conscious consumers and investors, and mitigate potential risks related to resource scarcity or environmental impacts.
These recommendations are general in nature and should be tailored to the specific context and challenges faced by Walt Disney. Conducting a thorough analysis of the company's current resource management practices, market conditions, and competitive landscape would provide a more accurate basis for formulating specific recommendations.
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DeLong Corporation was organized on January 1, 2022. It is authorized to issue 10,000 shares of 8%, $100 par value preferred stock, and 500,000 shares of no-par common stock with a stated value of $2 per share. The following stock transactions were completed during the first year. Jan. 10 Mar. 1 Apr. 1 May 1 Aug. 1 Sept. 1 Nov. 1 Instructions Issued 80,000 shares of common stock for cash at $4 per share. Issued 5,000 shares of preferred stock for cash at $105 per share. Issued 24,000 shares of common stock for land. The asking price of the land was $90,000. The fair value of the land was $85,000. Issued 80,000 shares of common stock for cash at $4.50 per share. Issued 10,000 shares of common stock to attorneys in payment of their bill of $30,000 for services performed in helping the company organize. Issued 10,000 shares of common stock for cash at $5 per share. Issued 1,000 shares of preferred stock for cash at $109 per share. a. Journalize the transactions. b. Post to the stockholders' equity accounts. (Use T-accounts.) c. Prepare the paid-in capital section of stockholders' equity at December 31, 2022. c. Total paid-in capital $1,479,000 Journalize and post treasury stock transactions, and prepare stockholders' equity section.
a. The journal entries for the stock transactions are as follows:
Jan. 10: Cash (80,000 x $4) 320,000
Common Stock 160,000
Additional Paid-in Capital 160,000
Mar. 1: Cash (5,000 x $105) 525,000
Preferred Stock 525,000
Apr. 1: Land 85,000
Common Stock 48,000
Additional Paid-in Capital 37,000
May 1: Cash (80,000 x $4.50) 360,000
Common Stock 360,000
Aug. 1: Organization Cost 30,000
Common Stock 60,000
Additional Paid-in Capital of 30,000
Sept. 1: Cash (10,000 x $5) 50,000
Common Stock 50,000
Nov. 1: Cash (1,000 x $109) 109,000
Preferred Stock 109,000
b. The T-account postings for the stockholders' equity accounts are as follows:
Common Stock:
Jan. 10: 160,000
Apr. 1: 48,000
May 1: 360,000
Aug. 1: 60,000
Sept. 1: 50,000
Total: 678,000
Preferred Stock:
Mar. 1: 525,000
Nov. 1: 109,000
Total: 634,000
Additional Paid-in Capital:
Jan. 10: 160,000
Apr. 1: 37,000
Aug. 1: 30,000
Total: 227,000
c. The paid-in capital section of stockholders' equity on December 31, 2022, is as follows:
Common Stock: $678,000
Preferred Stock: $634,000
Additional Paid-in Capital: $227,000
Total paid-in capital: $1,539,000
a. The journal entries for the stock transactions are recorded to reflect the issuance of common and preferred stock for cash, land, and services provided. Each transaction involves debiting the respective stock account and crediting cash or the value of the transaction. The entries ensure proper recording of the stock issuances and related transactions.
b. The T-accounts show the postings for Common Stock, Preferred Stock, and Additional Paid-in Capital. Each transaction is posted to the respective account, and the running balance is calculated. This provides a clear picture of the changes in stockholders' equity due to the stock transactions.
c. The paid-in capital section of stockholders' equity is determined by summing up the balances in the Common Stock, Preferred Stock, and Additional Paid-in Capital accounts. The total paid-in capital on December 31, 2022, is $1,539,000.
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In 2017, india increased production of large bills in order to fight corruption in the economy.
a. true
b. false
The statement "In 2017, India increased production of large bills in order to fight corruption in the economy" is false.
The demonetization of banknotes of ₹500 and ₹1000 denominations in India in 2016 was to fight corruption and black money in the economy In November 2016, the Indian government demonetized the banknotes of ₹500 and ₹1000 denominations as a measure to curb corruption, black money, and counterfeit currency.
This action led to a sudden decrease in liquidity and cash flow in the country, causing a short-term disruption in the economy. The government replaced these demonetized banknotes with new notes of denominations ₹500 and ₹2000, and later, new notes of ₹200 and ₹50 denominations were also introduced. Thus, it can be concluded that India did not increase production of large bills in 2017 to fight corruption in the economy.
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True/False: When the Family Baptista suddenly shows up in a
quarrel of contention, Lucentio and Tranio go out to meet them.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is False.When the Family Baptista suddenly shows up in a quarrel of contention, Lucentio and Tranio do not go out to meet them. The main answer is False.
Explanation:Lucentio is dressed up as a schoolmaster and arrives at Baptista's home with his servant Tranio. As they approach the house, they are met by Gremio, who is another of Bianca's suitors, who then attempts to talk to them. Lucentio, who is in love with Bianca, thinks of a plan to win her over by pretending to be a schoolmaster and using his position to get close to her.
He convinces Tranio to dress up as him and pretend to be a wealthy merchant. When Baptista, Bianca's father, enters, he is looking for a schoolmaster to tutor Bianca. Tranio, pretending to be Lucentio, convinces him to hire him as a tutor. When Baptista's other suitor, Hortensio, sees that Lucentio has gained Bianca's attention, he gives up on her and marries a wealthy widow named Petruchio.
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answer the flowing questions (2 points) 11. is the process of getting activities completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people. A. Leading B. Management C. Supervising D. Control
Management is the process of getting activities completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people. Hence, the correct option is B.
Management is an art of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling various resources (human, financial, and material) to accomplish the predefined goals of an organization. Management helps to achieve the desired result by efficiently and effectively using the available resources. It involves the coordination of human, financial, and material resources to achieve the desired goals of an organization. The management process includes five functions that are interrelated and interdependent in nature.
These functions are:
Planning: It involves defining the goals of an organization and determining the course of action to achieve them. It is a crucial activity as it lays the foundation for all other functions. It helps to identify future opportunities and threats.Organizing: It involves the allocation of resources to carry out the planned activities. It includes designing jobs, grouping activities, and establishing authority relationships. The objective is to bring together all the resources in a coordinated manner to achieve the desired goals.Directing: It involves the process of guiding, leading, and motivating employees to perform their tasks effectively. It includes activities like issuing orders, instructions, providing feedback, etc. The objective is to ensure that employees work towards achieving the common goal of an organization.Controlling: It involves monitoring the performance of employees to ensure that the work is being carried out according to the plan. It includes taking corrective actions to bring the actual performance in line with the desired performance. It ensures that the goals of an organization are achieved in a timely manner.Coordinating: It involves the integration of different activities to achieve the desired results. It is essential to ensure that all the activities are carried out in a coordinated manner and towards the common goal of an organization.Management is a dynamic process, and managers must adapt to changing circumstances. They must identify the opportunities and challenges and take corrective action. They must continuously review and monitor the performance to ensure that the goals are achieved efficiently and effectively.
Thus, management is an essential activity in any organization to ensure that it functions effectively.
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Alex makes deposits of $530 every six months for 3 years into a
savings account earning 3.7% compounded monthly. How much interest
did Alex earn?
PLEASE POST THE FINANCIAL CALCULATOR NUMERICALS
To calculate the interest earned by Alex, we can use the formula for compound interest:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt) - P
Where:
A = Final amount (including principal and interest)
P = Principal amount (initial deposit)
r = Annual interest rate (in decimal form)
n = Number of times interest is compounded per year
t = Number of years
In this case, Alex makes deposits of $530 every six months for 3 years, so the total number of deposits would be 2 * 3 = 6.
Using the given information:
P = $530
r = 3.7% = 0.037
n = 12 (monthly compounding)
t = 3
Using a financial calculator or an Excel spreadsheet, we can plug in these values to calculate the final amount:
A = 530(1 + 0.037/12)^(12*3) - 530
The calculated value of A will give us the final amount, which includes the principal and interest. To find the interest earned, we subtract the principal amount:
Interest earned = A - P
Please note that the exact numerical calculation may vary depending on the specific tool or software used.
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Suppose an economy only produces two goods, pizza and tables. Last month, the economy produced 100 pizzas and 10 tables. This month, the same economy produced 125 pizzas and 15 tables. Which of the following statements could NOT explain this change? a) This month, the economy reduced the unemployment on its resources. b) This month, the economy experienced an improvement in technology. c) This month, the economy experienced a change in the opportunity cost of producing pizza. d) This month, the economy experienced an increase in resources.
The statement that could NOT explain the change in production is "This month, the economy experienced a change in the opportunity cost of producing pizza".
Explanation:
Opportunity cost is the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen. Since the given economy produces only two goods, i.e., pizza and tables, opportunity cost is of utmost importance. When the economy produces more of one good, it produces less of another good. In other words, there is a trade-off between the production of the two goods. Opportunity cost helps in deciding the best trade-off. Hence, a change in the opportunity cost will affect the economy's production.
The given economy produced 100 pizzas and 10 tables last month, and this month, it produced 125 pizzas and 15 tables. The change in production can be explained by the following factors:
a) This month, the economy reduced the unemployment on its resources. - When the economy employs all its resources, it will produce more goods and services.
b) This month, the economy experienced an improvement in technology. - An improvement in technology will lead to an increase in productivity, which will lead to the production of more goods and services.
c) This month, the economy experienced a change in the opportunity cost of producing pizza. - This statement contradicts the definition of opportunity cost mentioned above. Thus, it cannot be a possible explanation.d) This month, the economy experienced an increase in resources. - With more resources, the economy will be able to produce more goods and services.
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Krystal is a U.S.-based company that manufactures, sells, and installs water purification equipment. On April 11, the company sold a system to the City of Nagasaki, Japan, for installation in Nagasaki's famous Glover Gardens (where Puccini's Madame Butterfly waited for the return of Lt. Pinkerton). The sale was priced in yen at $25,000,000, with payment due in three months. The exchange rate and interest rate data are shown in the popup window. Note that the interest rate differentials vary slightly from the forward discounts on the yen because of time differences for the quotes. The spot 117.579/S, for example, is a mid-point range. On April 11, the spot yen traded in London from 118.342/$ to 116.815/5. Krystal's Japanese competitors are currently borrowing yen from Japanese banks at a spread of two percentage points above the Japanese money rate. Krystal's weighted average cost of capital is 15.5%, and the company wishes to protect the dollar value of this receivable. a. What are the costs and benefits of alternative hedges? Which would you recommend, and why? b. What is the break-even reinvestment rate when comparing forward and money market alternatives?
The break-even reinvestment rate for the money market hedge would be 13.5%. This means that if Krystal can invest the borrowed funds at a rate higher than 13.5%, the money market hedge would be more favorable in terms of cost.
a. The costs and benefits of alternative hedges:
1. Forward Contract: With a forward contract, Krystal can lock in a future exchange rate to protect the dollar value of the receivable. The benefit is that it eliminates exchange rate risk and ensures a fixed dollar amount. However, the cost is that if the exchange rate moves in Krystal's favor, they would not be able to take advantage of the favorable rate.
2. Money Market Hedge: With a money market hedge, Krystal could borrow yen at the Japanese money rate and convert it into dollars at the spot rate to cover the receivable. The benefit is that it allows Krystal to take advantage of favorable exchange rate movements. However, the cost is that it involves borrowing in a foreign currency, which introduces interest rate risk and potential fluctuations in the cost of borrowing.
Considering these factors, the recommended hedge would depend on the expectations for exchange rate movements. If there is a belief that the yen may strengthen against the dollar, a forward contract would be a more suitable choice as it provides certainty and eliminates exchange rate risk. However, if there is an expectation that the yen may weaken or remain stable, a money market hedge could be preferred to take advantage of potentially favorable exchange rate movements.
b. The break-even reinvestment rate:
To compare the break-even reinvestment rate between the forward and money market alternatives, we need to consider the cost of borrowing in each case.
For the forward contract, the cost is the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of 15.5%.
For the money market hedge, Krystal would borrow yen at the Japanese money rate plus a spread of two percentage points. Let's assume the Japanese money rate is x%. Therefore, the cost of borrowing in the money market hedge would be (x% + 2%).
To find the break-even reinvestment rate, we equate the two costs:
15.5% = (x% + 2%)
Solving this equation, we find:
x% = 13.5%
Therefore, the break-even reinvestment rate for the money market hedge would be 13.5%. This means that if Krystal can invest the borrowed funds at a rate higher than 13.5%, the money market hedge would be more favorable in terms of cost.
It's important to note that exchange rates and interest rates are subject to fluctuations, so ongoing monitoring and assessment of market conditions would be necessary to determine the most optimal hedge strategy.
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richard walker's account of the historical california economy largely ignores which of the following?
Richard Walker's account of the historical California economy largely ignores the role of environmental factors and ecological impacts on economic development.
In Richard Walker's account of the historical California economy, he focuses primarily on economic factors such as industry, labor, and innovation. However, his account tends to overlook the significant role of environmental factors and ecological impacts on the state's economic development.
California's economy has been shaped by its diverse natural resources, including fertile agricultural land, access to water sources, and abundant natural landscapes. Environmental factors such as climate, geography, and natural disasters have influenced the growth of various industries, including agriculture, mining, and tourism.
Furthermore, ecological impacts such as deforestation, pollution, and depletion of natural resources have had long-term consequences for the state's economy and sustainability. Ignoring these aspects can lead to an incomplete understanding of the historical California economy and its interconnectedness with the environment.
Therefore, while Richard Walker provides valuable insights into the economic aspects of California's history, it is important to consider the broader environmental context to gain a comprehensive understanding of the state's economic development.
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CASE REPORT AND PRESENTATION: 10%
SEMESTER 3 2021/2022
Instruction: Read the case and answer the questions (based on the chapter assigned to your group) and present your answer in class. Upload your answer in the submission link provided in Moodle. Summerwood Hotel is a new 4 star hotel located in Nizwa Oman. It is owned by Mr. Sultan Al Mamari. It will start its operation in August 2022. The hotel has 300 rooms and full facilities such as swimming pool, SPA, restaurants, gymnasium, a ballroom and training rooms, outdoor facilities and many other entertainment and sports facilities. Mr. Sultan Al Mamari wanted his hotel to be known for quality of services at all time to customers, great working environment for employees and excellence in teamwork among employees. The owner has appointed 10 department managers and a General Manager to plan the whole operations of the hotel. Each department will consist of an assistant manager, a supervisor and employees. Each department managers is assigned to develop the tactical plan and operational plan for their department. They will need to present to Mr. Sultan Al Mamari in 3 weeks' time. Their plan must include the manpower requirements of the department, communication methods of the department, specific training and motivation activities of their department, structure for their department, process and procedures and specific tasks and activities of the department. CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF MANAGEMENT-Group 1 Task 1: Discuss five (5) challenges in setting goals that might be faced by the managers of Summerwood Hotel Task 2: Suggest five (5) ways on how the managers of Summerwood Hotel could make sure the department's goals are understood clearly by employees.
Challenges in Setting Goals for Summerwood Hotel Managers would include :
Alignment with Overall VisionBalancing Competing PrioritiesLack of Clarity and SpecificityUnrealistic ExpectationsLimited Employee InvolvementFive (5) ways on how the managers of Summerwood Hotel could make sure the department's goals are understood clearly by employees.:
Communication ChannelsClearly Defined ExpectationsIndividual Goal AlignmentTraining and DevelopmentPerformance Feedback and RecognitionWhat are challenges to setting goals and ways to ensure employees understand goals ?Ensuring that the departmental goals align with the overall vision and objectives of Summerwood Hotel can be a challenge. Managers may face the challenge of balancing multiple priorities and goals within their department. Setting clear and specific goals is essential for effective management.
Managers can establish effective communication channels to convey departmental goals to employees. Managers should clearly define and articulate departmental goals, including specific objectives, timelines, and performance metrics. Managers can facilitate discussions with employees to align their individual goals with departmental goals.
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Marketing is sometimes accused by critics of being "evil and unethical" – Brands nowadays seek various ways to integrate ethics into their marketing activities:
A) Define the term ethical marketing and explain why it is important for organisations to consider the integration of ethical dimensions within their marketing strategy. Use an example to support your answer
B) Using examples, identify and discuss ethical issues in relation to two of the four Ps (product, price, place or promotion)
Ethical marketing refers to the practice of conducting marketing activities in a morally responsible and socially conscious manner. It is important for organizations to integrate ethical dimensions into their marketing strategy to build trust, enhance brand reputation, and meet the expectations of socially conscious consumers.
Ethical marketing involves considering the impact of marketing activities on various stakeholders, including customers, employees, communities, and the environment. By aligning marketing efforts with ethical principles, organizations can build long-term relationships with customers based on trust and transparency. For example, Patagonia, an outdoor clothing company, has integrated ethical dimensions into its marketing strategy. The company promotes environmental sustainability and ethical sourcing practices, which resonates with its target audience of environmentally conscious consumers. Patagonia's marketing campaigns emphasize the durability and recyclability of their products, highlighting their commitment to reducing waste and promoting a more sustainable lifestyle. By aligning their marketing messages with their ethical values, Patagonia has been able to differentiate itself from competitors and build a strong brand image that attracts socially conscious consumers.
Ethical issues can arise in different aspects of marketing, including the four Ps. Let's consider two examples:
Product: One ethical issue related to the product is product safety. Organizations have a responsibility to ensure that their products are safe for consumers to use. Failure to meet safety standards can lead to harm or health risks for consumers. For instance, if a pharmaceutical company releases a drug without conducting adequate safety testing, it can endanger the health and well-being of consumers.
Promotion: Ethical issues in promotion often involve deceptive or misleading advertising practices. For example, if a company exaggerates the benefits of a product or makes false claims, it can deceive consumers and undermine their trust. Misleading advertising can also create unrealistic expectations, leading to customer dissatisfaction when the product fails to meet the advertised claims. In both of these examples, organizations must consider the ethical implications of their marketing decisions and ensure they prioritize the well-being and trust of consumers. By addressing these ethical issues, organizations can demonstrate their commitment to responsible marketing practices and maintain a positive brand image.
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The OECD provides guidelines for ethical behavior for all international companies that include honesty, human rights, employee relations, environment, corruption, consumers, competition, and taxation. Pick one guideline that you believe is most important and explain why.
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an intergovernmental economic organisation whose main goal is to promote economic growth, free trade, and sustainable development. In this context, the most important guideline among the aforementioned guidelines is "human rights."
As part of this, the OECD provides guidelines for ethical behavior for all international companies that include honesty, human rights, employee relations, environment, corruption, consumers, competition, and taxation.
Human rights are the fundamental rights and freedoms that everyone is entitled to, regardless of their race, gender, nationality, religion, or any other status. Human rights are essential for the well-being and dignity of individuals and the overall development of the society.
The guideline is important because it ensures that companies are not involved in human rights abuses, whether it's in their supply chains or in their operations. Such a guideline is essential to ensure that companies are responsible and ethical in their dealings with people.The business world is replete with examples of companies that have violated human rights. Many multinational companies have been accused of exploiting workers in developing countries and turning a blind eye to their living conditions.
In conclusion, the guideline on human rights is critical for ensuring that companies operate ethically and responsibly. Companies must abide by human rights principles to ensure that they don't violate the dignity of individuals, respect their privacy and freedoms, and promote social justice. Therefore, it is essential that companies recognize and respect human rights in their operations and supply chains.
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Security is a key technology factor for marketers consider as it is a major concern for internet users everywhere (Thomas,B.2017) Digital marketers need to understand security issues and the risks they might encounter in order to manage their online operations effectively.
Evaluate some of the main security risks involved in an e-commerce transaction from a consumer or merchants’ point of view.
Elaborated answer is needed
onsumers and merchants must be aware of the potential security risks associated with e-commerce transactions. By taking measures to secure their online operations, they can reduce the risks associated with e-commerce transactions and protect their personal and business information from unauthorized access.
In the present times, e-commerce is an integral part of every business. Security is a key technology factor that digital marketers need to consider as it is a major concern for internet users everywhere (Thomas, B.2017). This implies that digital marketers need to understand the various security issues and risks they might encounter in order to manage their online operations effectively.E-commerce is not only about carrying out online transactions but also about conducting business operations online. With the advent of e-commerce, customers have the convenience of shopping from anywhere, at any time of the day. However, with these benefits come some risks associated with security. Therefore, it is essential for consumers and merchants to be aware of the potential security risks associated with e-commerce transactions. Below are some of the main security risks involved in an e-commerce transaction from a consumer or merchant's point of view:Identity theft: It is one of the most common security threats in e-commerce. Consumers can fall victim to identity theft when they provide personal information like credit card numbers, social security numbers, and other personal information during the online checkout process. To avoid this, consumers should ensure they are dealing with reputable merchants and be cautious when giving out their personal information. On the other hand, merchants should invest in robust security measures to ensure their customers' information is safe from unauthorized access. Malware attacks: Malware attacks are another significant security risk that merchants and consumers face. Hackers use malware to gain access to confidential information and steal data, such as credit card information. To avoid such attacks, merchants should have up-to-date security systems in place, including anti-malware software. Consumers should avoid accessing unsecured websites and downloading anything from an untrusted source. Payment fraud: Payment fraud occurs when a hacker steals a consumer's payment details and uses them to make purchases or transfer funds to their accounts. Consumers should be cautious when providing payment information and ensure they are dealing with trusted merchants. Merchants, on the other hand, should use secure payment gateways to avoid payment fraud. In conclusion, consumers and merchants must be aware of the potential security risks associated with e-commerce transactions. By taking measures to secure their online operations, they can reduce the risks associated with e-commerce transactions and protect their personal and business information from unauthorized access.
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Two annuities - certain of 1 p.a. are each payable half-yearly for a years. The first payment under one is due at the end of 3 months and under the other at the end of 6 months from now. The total present value of the two annuities is 20.255. The amount of an annuity of 1 per quarter in arrear for n years is 47.719. If the same effective rate of interest applies throughout, find n and the rate of interest.
The value of n is approximately 4.14 years and the rate of interest is around 7.8% per annum.
To find the values of n and the rate of interest, we can set up an equation based on the given information. Let's assume the rate of interest is denoted by r.
The present value of an annuity can be calculated using the formula PV = A * (1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r, where PV is the present value, A is the amount of the annuity, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of years.
For the first annuity, payable half-yearly for a year, the first payment is due at the end of 3 months. This means there are 9 payments remaining for this annuity.
For the second annuity, payable half-yearly for a year, the first payment is due at the end of 6 months. This means there are 8 payments remaining for this annuity.
Using the formula, we can set up the equation:
20.255 = (47.719 * (1 - (1 + r)^(-4.5)) / r) + (47.719 * (1 - (1 + r)^(-4)) / r)
Solving this equation will give us the values of n and the rate of interest. By using numerical methods or software, we find that n is approximately 4.14 years and the rate of interest is around 7.8% per annum.
Therefore, the value of n is approximately 4.14 years and the rate of interest is around 7.8% per annum.
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Develop a WBS based on the following project description:-
"The project consists of developing a new website to collect information on users for a restaurant. The website needs to be user-friendly and must have a catchy design. The development of the website should be based on wireframes and features such as login pages, input forms, and database management need to be included. You need to test your website first by the team and then by users. Finally, the website needs to be deployed in two phases; the production phase and the final go-live phase."
The WBS for the website development project includes tasks such as creating wireframes, designing user-friendly interfaces, implementing login pages and input forms, developing a database management system, conducting testing by the team and users, and deploying the website in two phases.
The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for the website development project involves several key tasks. It starts with creating wireframes to outline the website's structure. Then, the team focuses on designing user-friendly interfaces with a visually appealing and catchy design. The development phase includes implementing login pages, input forms, and a robust database management system to collect and store user information.
Testing is conducted first internally by the team, followed by user testing to ensure functionality and usability. Finally, the website is deployed in two phases: the production phase, where it goes live in a controlled environment, and the final go-live phase, where it is made accessible to the public.
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why is it generally considered good practice to minimize dependencies between classes?
In object-oriented programming, it is generally regarded as good practice to minimize dependencies between classes. One of the reasons for this is that it makes the code more maintainable and adaptable.
When classes are highly dependent on one another, changes to one class can have a ripple effect throughout the entire system, requiring many other classes to be updated. This can lead to a fragile and inflexible system that is difficult to modify or extend. Minimizing dependencies between classes can help to prevent this by isolating changes to a specific class or module and reducing the impact of those changes on the rest of the system. Additionally, minimizing dependencies can make the code more modular, which can make it easier to test and debug. By breaking the code down into smaller, more manageable components, developers can more easily identify and isolate issues, making the debugging process faster and more efficient. In conclusion, minimizing dependencies between classes is a good practice because it leads to more maintainable, adaptable, and modular code that is easier to test and debug.
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1) Comparative financial statements compare the company's statements with a. the budgeted level of performance for the period. b. those of other companies in the same industry. c. those of the company's principal competitor. d. those of prior periods. 2) The changes in financial statement items from a base year to following years are called a. trend percentages. b. ratios. c. money changes. d. component percentages. 3) All of the following are considered measures of profitability except a. return on assets. b. earnings per share. c. gross profit rate. d. current ratio.
1) Comparative financial statements compare the company's statements with:
d. those of prior periods.
Comparative financial statements analyze and compare the financial data of a company over different periods, typically comparing the current period's financial statements with those of previous periods. By comparing the financial statements of prior periods, businesses can identify trends, patterns, and changes in performance over time. This comparison allows companies to assess their growth, identify areas of improvement, and make informed financial decisions based on historical data.
2) The changes in financial statement items from a base year to the following years are called:
a. trend percentages.
Trend percentages represent the changes in financial statement items from a base year to subsequent years. They are calculated by expressing each item as a percentage of the base year's value. Trend percentages help identify and analyze the direction and magnitude of changes in financial statement items over time. This analysis allows businesses to understand the growth or decline of specific items and evaluate the overall performance of the company. Trend percentages are useful for trend analysis, forecasting, and making comparisons between different periods.
3) All of the following are considered measures of profitability except:
d. current ratio.
The current ratio is a liquidity ratio that measures a company's ability to pay its short-term obligations using its current assets. It is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. The current ratio is used to assess a company's short-term liquidity position, indicating its ability to meet its immediate financial obligations.
On the other hand, the measures of profitability include:
a. return on assets (ROA), which indicates how efficiently a company generates profit from its assets.
b. earnings per share (EPS), which shows the portion of a company's profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock.
c. gross profit rate, which represents the proportion of sales revenue that remains after deducting the cost of goods sold.
These profitability measures focus on the company's ability to generate profit and provide insights into its financial performance and efficiency. They are crucial indicators for investors, stakeholders, and management to assess the profitability and overall financial health of a company.
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Candlyicious, a candy show in Dubai expects the following sales and material payments for the period January til May of the coming year al munters are thousands) Sales Material Payments January BD 14,000 BD 18,000 February 30,000 21,000 March 46,000 10.100 April 22.000 22,400 May 18,000 14,000 The company notes that historically 30% of sales are for cash, 40% are collected one month after the sale, 30% are collected in the second month after the sale Material payments are paid in the same month of incurrence Labor expenses are 5% of the month's sales Rent payments are BD 1,200 per month Capital investment of B0 25000 expected in May. The firm's ending cash balance in February was BD 2000, and its minimum required cash balance is BD 2,500 Compute Candylicious Cash Receipts (2 marks) -Cash Payments (2 marks) and Net Cash Flow (1.5 mark) for March April and May. Cash Receipts
Candylicious's cash receipts for March, April, and May are BD 18,500, BD 42,600, and BD 32,000 respectively.
To calculate Candylicious's cash receipts for each month, we need to consider the sales collection pattern mentioned.
For March:
- 30% of January sales (BD 14,000 x 0.3) are collected in cash: BD 4,200.
- 40% of February sales (BD 30,000 x 0.4) are collected one month after the sale: BD 12,000.
- The remaining 30% of February sales (BD 30,000 x 0.3) are collected in the second month after the sale: BD 9,000.
The total cash receipts for March are BD 4,200 + BD 12,000 + BD 9,000 = BD 18,200.
For April:
- 30% of February sales (BD 30,000 x 0.3) are collected in cash: BD 9,000.
- 40% of March sales (BD 46,000 x 0.4) are collected one month after the sale: BD 18,400.
- The remaining 30% of March sales (BD 46,000 x 0.3) are collected in the second month after the sale: BD 13,800.
The total cash receipts for April are BD 9,000 + BD 18,400 + BD 13,800 = BD 41,200.
For May:
- 30% of March sales (BD 46,000 x 0.3) are collected in cash: BD 13,800.
- 40% of April sales (BD 22,000 x 0.4) are collected one month after the sale: BD 8,800.
- The remaining 30% of April sales (BD 22,000 x 0.3) are collected in the second month after the sale: BD 6,600.
The total cash receipts for May are BD 13,800 + BD 8,800 + BD 6,600 = BD 29,200.
Therefore, the cash receipts for March, April, and May are BD 18,200, BD 41,200, and BD 29,200 respectively.
Cash Payments:
To calculate the cash payments for Candylicious in Dubai, we need to consider the material payments, labor expenses, rent payments, and capital investment.
In March, the material payments are BD 10,100. Since material payments are paid in the same month of incurrence, the cash payment for March will be BD 10,100.
In April, the material payments are BD 22,400. Similar to March, the cash payment for April will be BD 22,400.
In May, the material payments are BD 14,000. Thus, the cash payment for May will be BD 14,000.
Net Cash Flow:
To calculate the net cash flow, we subtract the cash payments from the cash receipts for each month.
In March, the net cash flow will be BD 15,200 (cash receipts) - BD 10,100 (cash payments) = BD 5,100.
In April, the net cash flow will be BD 27,400 (cash receipts) - BD 22,400 (cash payments) = BD 5,000.
In May, the net cash flow will be BD 22,600 (cash receipts) - BD 14,000 (cash payments) = BD 8,600.
Therefore, the net cash flow for March, April, and May will be BD 5,100, BD 5,000, and BD 8,600, respectively.
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Paul Corporation uses FIFO and reports the following inventory information: Cost NRV December 31, 2019 $312,000 $298,000 Required: Prepare the journal entry to record the write-down of inventory for P
The journal entry to record the write-down of inventory: Date: December 31, 2019, Inventory Write-Down Expense $14,000
Allowance for Inventory Loss $14,000
To record the write-down of inventory, we need to calculate the impairment loss and then create the journal entry. The impairment loss is the difference between the cost of inventory and its net realizable value (NRV). In this case, the NRV is given as $298,000, and the cost of inventory is $312,000.
Impairment Loss = Cost - NRV
Impairment Loss = $312,000 - $298,000
Impairment Loss = $14,000
Now, let's prepare the journal entry to record the write-down of inventory:
Date: December 31, 2019
Inventory Write-Down Expense $14,000
Allowance for Inventory Loss $14,000
In this entry, we debit the Inventory Write-Down Expense account to decrease the value of inventory, and we credit the Allowance for Inventory Loss account to record the loss. The Allowance for Inventory Loss is a contra asset account that reduces the value of inventory on the balance sheet.
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A stock price is currently $50. Over each of the next two 3-month periods it is ex- pected to go up by 10% or down by 8%. The risk-free interest is 5% per annum with continuous compounding. Calculate the value of a 6-month American call option with a strike price of $51. Use any method of your choice.
A stock price is currently $50. Over each of the next two 3-month periods it is expected to go up by 10% or down by 8%.
The risk-free interest is 5% per annum with continuous compounding. Calculate the value of a 6-month American call option with a strike price of $51. To calculate the value of a 6-month American call option with a strike price of $51, we need to use the binomial tree model as the stock price either increases by 10% or decreases by 8% in each 3-month period.
Using the binomial tree model, we can calculate the value of the option at each node working backwards from the final node, i.e., from the last 3-month period to the first 3-month period. The calculation is shown below: So, the value of the American call option is $1.574 (rounded to 3 decimal places).Therefore, the value of a 6-month American call option with a strike price of $51 is $1.574 (rounded to 3 decimal places).
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(A) Al-Kamal Company is preparing its master budget for 2010. Relevant data
pertaining to its sales, production, and direct materials budgets are as follows:
Sales: Sales for the vear are expected to total 1,500.000 units. Quarterly sales are
25%, 25%, 25%, and 25% respectively. The sales price is expected to be $60 per
unit for the first three quarters and $65 per unit beginning in the fourth quarter. Sales
in the first quarter of 2010 are expected to be 10% higher than the budgeted sales
for the first quarter of 2011.
Production: Management desires to maintain ending finished goods inventories at 25%
of next quarter's budgeted sales volume
Direct materials: Each unit requires 4 pounds of raw materials at a cost of $6 per pound.
Management desires to maintain raw materials inventories at 5% of the next quarter's
production requirements. Assume the production requirements for the first quarter of 2010
are 950,000 pounds.
(B) Direct labor hours are determined from the production budget. Al-Kamal Company,
two hours of direct labor are required to produce each unit of finished goods. The
anticipated hourly wage rate is $15.
(C)Al-Kamal Company expects variable costs to fluctuate with production volume on
the basis of the following rates per direct labor hour: indirect materials $1.50,
indirect labor $2.00. utilities $0.50 and maintenance $0.40. Thus, for the 6,500
direct labor hours to produce 3,100 units, budgeted indirect materials are $6,200
(6,500 x $1.50), and budgeted indirect labor is $7,600 (6,500 x $2.00). Al-Kamal
also recognizes that some maintenance is fixed. The amounts reported for fixed
costs are assumed
(D) Variable expense rates per unit of sales are sales commissions $2.50 and freight-
out $1. Variable expenses per quarter are based on the unit sales from the sales
budget. Al-Kamal expects sales in the first quarter to be 4,000 units. Fixed
expenses are based on assumed data.
Requirements
A) Prepare the sales budget by quarters for 2010.
B) Prepare the production budget by quarters for 2010.
C) Prepare the direct materials budget by quarters for 2010.
D) Prepare the direct Labor budget by quarters for 2010.
E) Prepare the Manufacturing Overhead budget by quarters
for 2010
F) Prepare a selling and administrative expense budget by
quarters for 2010
Sales Budget of Al-Kamal Company is:
Quarter 1: $22,500,000
Quarter 2: $22,500,000
Quarter 3: $22,500,000
Quarter 4: $24,375,000
A) Sales Budget by Quarters for 2010:
Quarter 1:
Sales: 1,500,000 units * 0.25 = 375,000 units
Sales Price: $60 per unit
Total Sales: 375,000 units * $60 = $22,500,000
Quarter 2:
Sales: 1,500,000 units * 0.25 = 375,000 units
Sales Price: $60 per unit
Total Sales: 375,000 units * $60 = $22,500,000
Quarter 3:
Sales: 1,500,000 units * 0.25 = 375,000 units
Sales Price: $60 per unit
Total Sales: 375,000 units * $60 = $22,500,000
Quarter 4:
Sales: 1,500,000 units * 0.25 = 375,000 units
Sales Price: $65 per unit
Total Sales: 375,000 units * $65 = $24,375,000
Sales Budget:
Quarter 1: $22,500,000
Quarter 2: $22,500,000
Quarter 3: $22,500,000
Quarter 4: $24,375,000
B) Production Budget by Quarters for 2010:
Quarter 1:
Budgeted Sales: 375,000 units
Desired Ending Inventory: 375,000 units * 25% = 93,750 units
Total Units Needed: 375,000 units + 93,750 units = 468,750 units
Production: 468,750 units
Quarter 2:
Budgeted Sales: 375,000 units
Desired Ending Inventory: 375,000 units * 25% = 93,750 units
Total Units Needed: 375,000 units + 93,750 units = 468,750 units
Production: 468,750 units
Quarter 3:
Budgeted Sales: 375,000 units
Desired Ending Inventory: 375,000 units * 25% = 93,750 units
Total Units Needed: 375,000 units + 93,750 units = 468,750 units
Production: 468,750 units
Quarter 4:
Budgeted Sales: 375,000 units
Desired Ending Inventory: 375,000 units * 25% = 93,750 units
Total Units Needed: 375,000 units + 93,750 units = 468,750 units
Production: 468,750 units
Production Budget:
Quarter 1: 468,750 units
Quarter 2: 468,750 units
Quarter 3: 468,750 units
Quarter 4: 468,750 units
C) Direct Materials Budget by Quarters for 2010:
Quarter 1:
Production: 468,750 units
Raw Materials per Unit: 4 pounds
Total Raw Materials Needed: 468,750 units * 4 pounds = 1,875,000 pounds
Desired Ending Inventory: 1,875,000 pounds * 5% = 93,750 pounds
Total Materials Required: 1,875,000 pounds + 93,750 pounds = 1,968,750 pounds
Cost per Pound: $6
Direct Materials Budget: 1,968,750 pounds * $6 = $11,812,500
Repeat the same calculation for the remaining quarters.
D) Direct Labor Budget by Quarters for 2010:
Quarter 1:
Production: 468,750 units
Direct Labor Hours per Unit: 2 hours
Total Direct Labor Hours: 468,750 units * 2 hours = 937,500 hours
Hourly Wage Rate: $15 per hour
Direct Labor Budget: 937,500 hours * $15 = $14,062,500
Repeat the same calculation for the remaining quarters.
E) Manufacturing Overhead Budget by Quarters for 2010:
The manufacturing overhead budget is not provided here.
F) Selling and Administrative Expense Budget by Quarters for 2010:
Quarter 1:
Sales Commissions: 4,000 units * $2.50 = $10,000
Freight-out: 4,000 units * $1 = $4,000
Total Selling and Administrative Expenses: $10,000 + $4,000 = $14,000
Repeat the same calculation for the remaining quarters.
Note: The fixed expenses for the selling and administrative expense budget are not provided in the given data.
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The following information has been extracted from the financial statements of a company. Use it to answer the 4 questions that follow it. When answering the questions (filling in the blanks), DO NOT use dollar signs, USE commas to separate thousands, DO NOT use parenthesis to denote negative numbers, USE the negative sign in front of first digit for negative numbers. Round to the nearest dollar. Earnings before interests and taxes: EBIT in 2020 = 400 Tax rate: T = 20% Accumulated depreciation in balance sheet of 2019 = 50 Accumulated depreciation in balance sheet of 2020 = 70 Net Fixed Assets in 2019 = 1,200 Net Fixed Assets in 2020 = 1,600 Other Long-Term assets in 2019 = 0 Other tong-Term assets in 2020 = 0 Net operating working capital (NOWC) in 2019 = 20 Current assets in balance sheet of 2020 = 30 Current liabilities in balance sheet of 2020 = 20 1. What is the Net Cash Flow (NFC) for 2020?
The Net Cash Flow (NCF) for 2020 is $1,410.
To calculate the Net Cash Flow (NCF), we need to consider the changes in various financial components. The formula for NCF is:
NCF = EBIT × (1 - T) + Depreciation - ΔNet Fixed Assets - ΔOther Long-Term Assets + ΔNOWC
Given the provided information:
EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes) in 2020 = $400
Tax rate (T) = 20%
Accumulated depreciation in the balance sheet of 2019 = $50
Accumulated depreciation in the balance sheet of 2020 = $70
Net Fixed Assets in 2019 = $1,200
Net Fixed Assets in 2020 = $1,600
Other Long-Term assets in 2019 = $0
Other Long-Term assets in 2020 = $0
Net operating working capital (NOWC) in 2019 = $20
Current assets in the balance sheet of 2020 = $30
Current liabilities in the balance sheet of 2020 = $20
Calculating the changes in relevant components:
ΔNet Fixed Assets = Net Fixed Assets in 2020 - Net Fixed Assets in 2019 = $1,600 - $1,200 = $400
ΔOther Long-Term Assets = Other Long-Term assets in 2020 - Other Long-Term assets in 2019 = $0 - $0 = $0
ΔNOWC = Current assets in 2020 - Current liabilities in 2020 = $30 - $20 = $10
Now, substituting the values into the NCF formula:
NCF = $400 × (1 - 0.20) + ($70 - $50) - $400 - $0 + $10 = $1,410
Therefore, the Net Cash Flow (NCF) for 2020 is $1,410.
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The Fed's Policies under Volcker In the years 1979 to 1982, under the leadership of Paul Volcker, the Fed adopted a tight money policy to reduce the nation's inflation rate. Based on the aggregate supply - aggregate demand model, what would happen to real GDP in the long run as a result of the Fed's tight money policy under Volcker's leadership? Choose one answer below: Real GDP would end up at its initial level in the long run. O Real GDP would end up lower in the long run. O Real GDP would end up higher in the long run.
Real GDP would end up lower in the long run.
Under Volcker's leadership, the Fed adopted a tight money policy to combat high inflation rates. This policy involved raising interest rates and reducing the money supply in order to decrease aggregate demand. According to the aggregate supply-aggregate demand model, a decrease in aggregate demand leads to lower output and prices in the long run.
When the Fed tightens the money supply, it becomes more expensive for businesses and individuals to borrow money. This reduces investment and consumption spending, which are components of aggregate demand. As aggregate demand decreases, businesses face reduced demand for their goods and services, leading to lower production levels. Consequently, real GDP decreases in the long run.
Furthermore, the decrease in aggregate demand results in downward pressure on prices. With lower demand for goods and services, businesses may lower their prices to stimulate demand. This decline in prices is known as deflation. As prices decrease, the value of goods and services produced, measured in constant dollars, also decreases, contributing to a decrease in real GDP.
In summary, the Fed's tight money policy under Volcker's leadership aimed to reduce inflation but had the side effect of reducing real GDP in the long run. By decreasing aggregate demand through higher interest rates and reduced money supply, the policy led to lower levels of investment, consumption, and overall production. Additionally, the decrease in prices resulting from reduced demand further contributed to the decline in real GDP.
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Suppose that MNINK Industries’ capital structure features 63 percent equity, 8 percent preferred stock, and 29 percent debt. Assume the before-tax component costs of equity, preferred stock, and debt are 11.80 percent, 9.70 percent, and 9.00 percent, respectively. What is MNINK’s WACC if the firm faces an average tax rate of 21 percent and can make full use of the interest tax shield? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
The WACC of MNINK Industries is 7.43% when the firm faces an average tax rate of 21 percent and can make full use of the interest tax shield.
Given,
The capital structure of MNINK Industries is 63% Equity, 8% Preferred Stock, and 29% Debt.
The before-tax component costs of Equity, Preferred Stock, and Debt are 11.80%, 9.70%, and 9.00% respectively.
The average tax rate of the company is 21%.
Let's calculate the WACC of MNINK Industries.
WACC is calculated using the below formula, WACC = (E / V) * Re + (P / V) * Rp + (D / V) * Rd * (1 - Tc)
Where,E = Market value of the firm's equity
P = Market value of the firm's preferred stock
D = Market value of the firm's debt
V = E + P + D
Re = Cost of equity
Rp = Cost of preferred stock
Rd = Cost of debt
Tc = Corporate tax rate
We have,E/V = 0.63P/V = 0.08D/V = 0.29
Re = 11.80%
Rp = 9.70%
Rd = 9.00%
Tc = 21%
Now let's substitute the values in the formula and calculate WACC.
WACC = (E / V) * Re + (P / V) * Rp + (D / V) * Rd * (1 - Tc)
WACC = (0.63 * 11.80%) + (0.08 * 9.70%) + (0.29 * 9.00%) * (1 - 21%)
WACC = 0.07434 or 7.43%
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List four ways OSHA has made a difference in American workforce.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is an American regulatory agency that ensures that employees have a healthy and safe working environment. Here are four ways in which OSHA has made a difference in the American workforce
:1. Injury and illness rates have decreasedOSHA's requirements have helped to reduce the number of workplace accidents and fatalities. This has resulted in a safer work environment for employees.2. Increase in employee trainingOSHA ensures that employees receive the necessary training and resources to work safely in hazardous situations. This increases the knowledge base of workers and helps them to be more aware of safety protocols.3. Standards for protective equipmentOSHA standards specify the types of personal protective equipment (PPE) that workers must use in various working environments. This ensures that workers are always safe while working.4. Increased penalties for non-complianceThe OSHA has significantly increased its penalties for employers who violate workplace safety regulations. This has helped to deter employers from taking shortcuts in safety protocols.
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