References) CH3 он N(CH2CH3)s CI H3C Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) is often used as a catalyst in esterification reactions. A basic solvent such as triethylamine is used to react with the liberated proton from the alcohol group. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism Instructions H3C NHMe3 H3C O
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Esterification is the process of mixing an organic acid (RCOOH) with an alcohol (ROH) to produce an ester (RCOOR) and water,
What is the purpose of esterification reaction?Typically, esterification is utilized as a test reaction for novel carbonaceous acid catalysts. The nature of the carbon surface can influence catalytic performance in this process.Esterification is the process of mixing an organic acid (RCOOH) with an alcohol (ROH) to produce an ester (RCOOR) and water, or a chemical reaction that produces at least one ester product. Ester is formed by the esterification of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.Esterification, a process in which a carboxylic acid and an alcohol are heated in the presence of a mineral acid catalyst to create an ester and water: The response can be reversed.To learn more about Esterification refer,
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Answer:
-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) is a derivative of pyridine with the chemical formula (CH3)2NC5H4N. This colourless solid is of interest because it is more basic than pyridine, owing to the resonance stabilisation from the NMe2 substituent.
Explanation:
In the case of esterification with acetic anhydrides the currently accepted mechanism involves three steps. First, DMAP and acetic anhydride react in a pre-equilibrium reaction to form an ion pair of acetate and the acetylpyridinium ion. In the second step the alcohol adds to the acetylpyridinium, and elimination of pyridine forms an ester. Here the acetate acts as a base to remove the proton from the alcohol as it nucleophilically adds to the activated acylpyridinium. The bond from the acetyl group to the catalyst gets cleaved to generate the catalyst and the ester. The described bond formation and breaking process runs synchronous concerted without the appearance of a tetrahedral intermediate. The acetic acid formed will then protonate the DMAP. In the last step of the catalytic cycle the auxiliary base (usually triethylamine or pyridine) deprotonates the protonated DMAP, reforming the catalyst. The reaction runs through the described nucleophilic reaction pathway irrespective of the anhydride used, but the mechanism changes with the pKa value of the alcohol used. For example, the reaction runs through a base-catalyzed reaction pathway in the case of a phenol.occurs in agreement with the markovnikov rule.
Related Questions
se what you learned in this question to explain why the imine you synthesized is colorful, yet the compounds you made them from (salicylaldehyde and 2-aminophenol) are not.
Answers
The imine you synthesized is colorful, yet the compounds you made them from (salicylaldehyde and 2- aminophenol) are not it is because the conjugation pattern of double bonds present in secondary amine and imine is different.
What is imine ?A functional group or chemical compound containing a carbon–nitrogen double bond. The nitrogen atom can be attached to a hydrogen (H) or an organic group (R). If this group is not a hydrogen atom, then the compound can sometimes be referred to as a Schiff base.
If, in an imine molecule, the ligand on the nitrogen atom is an alkyl or aryl group, the imine is also called a Schiff’s base. The carbon-nitrogen double bond in an imine molecule is called the imine group.
compounds containing only single bonds are transparent to uv rays but compounds containing conjugated double bonds are visible under the uv lamp.
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Do metals become more reactive as you move from left to right on the periodic table?.
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The periodic table does not show that metals become more reactive as you move from left to right. However, the reactivity drops off from the periodic table's left to right.
Additionally, the periodic table is read left to right. Because an element must have high energies to remove the additional electrons from their valence shells, elements have lesser chemical reactivity. A tabular representation of the chemical elements is known as the periodic table, or periodic table of the (chemical) elements and reactivity drops off from the periodic table's left to right. It is commonly regarded as an icon of chemistry and is utilized extensively in physics, chemistry, and other sciences. A periodic table is a list of chemical elements ordered in order of atomic number, typically in rows.
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select all the names that are correct for an ionic compound:-aluminum trichloride-calcium iodine-magnesium bromide-sodium oxide
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Magnesium bromide and Sodium oxide are the names that are correct to ionic compounds.
What are ionic compounds?Ionic compounds are made up of ions, which form charged particles when an atom (or group of atoms) gains or loses electrons. A cation is a positively charged ion, and the an anion is negatively charged ion.Ionic bonding occurs in compounds that involve a metal binding with either a nonmetal or a semimetal. Compounds containing only nonmetals or semimetals with nonmetals exhibit covalent bonding and are classified as molecular compounds.Ionic compounds are typically formed between metals and nonmetals.At room temperature, ionic compounds are typically solids. When more than one molecule is present, they form a crystal lattice structure.To learn more about ionic compound refer to :
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what is the ph of a buffer system made by dissolving 10.70 grams of nh4cl and 20.00 ml of 12.0m nh3 in enough water to make 1.000 l of solution?kb
Answers
pH = 9.33418
Let's assume the temperature of the given buffer system is
25 degree C
. Hence, according to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the pH of the given buffer system is calculated using the following expression as shown below:
pH = 14 - pKb (NH3) + log (nNH3) / (nNH3Cl)
where nNH3 and nNH4Cl represent the no. of moles of NH3 and NH4Cl present in the buffer system.
The molar mass of NH4Cl is 53.491 g / mol. so nNH4CL present in 10.70g of mass is calculated
nNH4CL = 10.70 g / 53.491 g/ mol
= 0.2000 mol
nNh3 present in 20 ml 0f 12 m NH3 is calculated
nNH3 = (12 * 20) / 1000 MOL
= 0.24 MOL
pKb (NH3) is calculated
pKb (NH3) = - log(Kb(NH3))
= - log(1.80 * [tex]10^{-5}[/tex])
= 4.745
Hence the pH of the buffer system
pH = 14 - 4.745 + log 0.2400/ 0.2000
pH = 9.33418
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Thorium-231 has a half-life of 25.5 hours. If a 100.0 g sample of thorium-231 is left for 102 hours, how much of the sample will remain?
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According to the concept of half-life, 6.25 g of thorium -231 is left after 102 hours.
What is half-life?Half -life of a substance is defined as the time which is required for half of the quantity of a radioactive substance to get decayed.It is a term which is used in nuclear chemistry for describing how quickly unstable atoms undergo radioactive decay into other nuclear species by emitting particles or the time which is required for number of disintegrations per second of radioactive material to decrease by one half of its initial value.
For thorium -231 one half life=25.5 hours ,so,102 hours =102/25.5=4 half lives.
After 1 half life 100 g is left , so after 4 half lives,that is, 1/2×1/2×1/2×1/2×100=6.25 g.
Thus, after 102 hours 6.25 g is left.
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how many moles of lead(ii) chloride will precipitate when 1mol of potassium chloride is allowed to react with an excess of lead(ii) nitrate?
Answers
From the balanced equation, We know that
one mole of Lead(II) nitrate requires two mole of potassium chloride to produce one mole of lead(II) chloride and mole of potassium nitrate.
From stochiometric calculations,
When 1mol of potassium chloride is allowed to react with an excess of lead(ii) nitrate, hence KI is limiting reagent.
So, from every one mole of potassium chloride, 0.5 mole of lead(II) chloride can be produced.
We can define, Stoichiometry as the calculation of products and reactants in a chemical reaction. It is concerned with the numbers of moles of reactant and product.
Stoichiometry is an important concept in chemistry, We use balanced chemical equations to calculate amounts of reactants and products in a reaction.
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What do you expect to see in a test tube when several drops of two aqueous solutions are mixed, and an insoluble precipitate is formed?.
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An insoluble cloudy precipitate is formed when several drops of two aqueous solutions are mixed.
What is a precipitation reaction?
When the solution of two ionic compounds is mixed, the ions in the mixture form an insoluble substance.
This makes the solution cloudy, and the phenomenon is termed precipitation.
Double displacement reaction:
It is the reaction between two aqueous ionic compounds. The exchange of ions between these compound form new compounds.
One of the resulting compounds will be insoluble in water and form a precipitate.
The precipitate formed has lower solubility, forms particles of solid in the test tube, and the mixture appears as cloudy.
The double displacement reaction can be represented by the following formula:
AB + CD → AD + CB
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Write a brief paragraph that distinguishes between a reaction that goes to completion and one that reaches equilibrium. Your paragraph should include all the following terms, used appropriately – reversible, limiting reagent, excess reagent, can occur in an open system, can occur in a closed system, and rates of reaction.
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If a reaction reaches to completion it means entire amount of reactants has been converted into products. On the other hand, if a reaction reaches equilibrium no net change in amounts of reactants & products occur.
What is equilibrium?
An equilibrium represents a state in process when observable properties such as colour, temperature, pressure, concentration etc do not show any change.
It is a reversible means which can takes place in both directions i.e forward & backward & the rate of reaction depends upon parameters like temperature & pressure etc. For example, if reaction is endothermic increasing temperature favours more products whlie decrease in temperature favours production of reactants.Equilibrium can occur only in closed system because in open system equilibrium cannot be established while completion reaction can takes place in both type of systems.In a completion reaction, limiting reagent is reagent which stops the reaction because it has fewer number of moles. While excess reagent is reagent which has higher number of moles & remains in some amount after the reaction gets completed.Learn more about Equilibrium at Brainly.com https://brainly.com/question/18849238
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Why does lithium form a 1 ion?.
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When the electrons are filled in the electron shells in lithium it's 2,1 it forms a +1 charge because it needs to loose one electron inorder to gain stable elctronic configuration
What is lithium ?Chemical element lithium has the symbol Li and atomic number 3. A soft, silvery-white alkali metal, it is. It is the least dense solid element and the least dense metal under typical conditions.
3 protons and 3 electrons make up an atom of lithium. It is capable of losing an electron, turning it into an ion. Now that it has more positive protons than negative ones, it is positively charged overall. Consequently, it is a positive ion.Compared to most of the other Periodic Table elements, lithium has a larger atomic radius. Lithium has a positive charge when in compounds.Learn more about Lithium here:
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list the four different sublevels and (given that only a maximum of two electrons can occupy an orbital) determine the maximum number of electrons that can exist in each sublevel.
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l = 0 → s = 2 electrons, l = 1 → p = 6 electrons, l = 2 → d = 10 electrons, l= 3 → f = 14 electrons.
What is electron?The smallest elemental component of an atom, the electron has a negative charge. The smallest elemental component of an atom, the electron has a negative charge. In a negative ion, there are an adequate amounts of both electrons and protons.
Briefing:According to the subatomic particles, the orbit region of space has a higher likelihood of harboring an electron. It is impossible to simultaneously detect the electron's location and velocity (uncertainty principle). Therefore, the theory establishes five electron density to represent one electron, making it simple to recognize it:
→n is the principal quantum number and identify the shell where the electron is.It ranges from 1 to 7, and the consonants K, L, m actually, N, O, P, etc Q stand in for it;
→l is the azimuthal quantum number and identify the subshell (or sublevel) where the electron is. The consonants s, p, d, or f stand in for it, which ranges from 0 to 3;
→ml is the magnetic quantum number, and it represents the orbital. It varies from -l to +l, passing by 0. There can be at least two electrons in each orbital;
→ms is the spin number and represents the spin of the electrons. The range is +1/2 to -1/2.
The sublevel s (l = 0) only has one orbital, enabling it to have at least two electrons; the subarea p (l = 1) has three orbitals, so it can and has at least six electrons; the subarea d (l = 2) has five orbitals, so it can would have had at least ten electrons; and the basement level f (l = 3) has seven orbitals, enabling it to have at least fourteen electrons.
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adenylyl refers to adenosine which is a part of the molecule it changes or acts upon cyclase because it changes a linear group of phosphates into a [ select ] form like a cycle
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adenylyl refers to adenosine that is a part of the molecule it changes or acts upon cyclase because it changes a linear group of phosphates into a CAMP form like a cycle.
Stimulation of adenyl cyclase outcomes in formation of cyclic AMP that is launched from the membrane into the cellular and acts inside the cellular to alter a huge sort of mobile processes.
Adenylyl cyclase then plays its catalytic reaction, clipping off phosphates from ATP and forming an extra bond to the ultimate phosphate. The resultant molecule, cyclic AMP or cAMP, is launched and travels fast at some stage in the cellular, regulating the feature of a couple of proteins.
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What are the 3 radicals?.
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As illustrated here, there are two different types of radicals: neutral radicals or charged radicals. Additionally, there are two different kinds of radicals: sigma radicals and pi radicals.
What exactly are radicals, and what different kinds are there?Radicals are organisms that have the minimum number of unpaired electrons necessary for independent existence in the shells from around atomic nucleus. Due to the fact that it contains two unpaired electrons, the oxygen molecule itself is a radical and is referred to as a biradical.
What is radical, exactly?Radicals, also known as Free Radicals, are molecules in chemistry that have at least one extra electron. The majority of molecules have an even number of electrons, and the pairs of electrons that make up the covalent chemical bonds that hold the molecules' atoms together are typically shared by the atoms that make up the bond.
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Why are some fats such as oil liquid and other fats such as butter are solid what makes a fat liquid at room temperature?.
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Double bonds found in unsaturated fats form structures that stop tightly bound formations.
The arrangement of the phospholipids in the bilayer cell membrane depends on features of the phospholipid head and tails.
What are saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond in the fatty acid chain while saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between the individual carbon atoms. Unsaturated fats are typically liquid and come from plant sources, whereas saturated fats are typically solid at room temperature
Animal fats, palm oil, and other sources of saturated fats are available. Plant and vegetable oils are sources of unsaturated fatty acids and consuming healthy fats instead of saturated fat can also aid in preventing insulin resistance, a condition that precedes diabetes. Since unsaturated fatty acids continues to be the healthiest type of fat, saturated fat may not be as bad as previously believed.
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What is magnesium hydroxide antacid?.
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Magnesium Hydroxide (pronounced magna NEE Shum hye DROX ide) is an antacid and laxative. Constipated individuals benefit from it. These include acid indigestion, heartburn, and sour stomach.
How dangerous is magnesium hydroxide?Constipation-relieving medication should not be used excessively or for an extended period of time because this may lead to a need for frequent laxative use. Aside from dehydration and mineral imbalances, excessive use can also result in persistent diarrhea (such as high magnesium). If your illness continues or gets worse, let your doctor know.
Magnesium hydroxide: what dosage is secure?15 to 30 mL PO daily, ideally at bedtime, or as prescribed by a doctor. The daily dose might be divided into smaller amounts and used up to four times daily. As a single dose or even in divided doses, take 3 to 6 pills orally each day. Maximum daily dosage: six pills.
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What happens if you drop a lithium battery?.
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In some situations, a ruptured lithium-ion battery might result in a dangerous fire. Through the perforation, strong electrolytes may leak.
What transpires when your body lacks electrolytes?Your body's abilities to coagulate blood, contract muscles, maintain acid balance, and regulate fluids can all be affected by a low level of electrolytes. Electrolytes assist in controlling your heartbeat because your heart is a muscle.
How can I determine if I require electrolyte?Zachary Sprague, Md, a family medicine specialist at Scripps Coastal Medical Clinic Carlsbad who specializes in sports medicine, explains that electrolyte imbalances can cause symptoms including muscle twitching and cramping, increased thirst, decreased endurance, a craving for salt, and irritation.
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How do valence electrons affect atoms and where are these located?.
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The Valence electrons are the electrons located at the outermost shell of an atom.
This is because when two atoms interact the outermost electrons touch each other first and determine how the atoms react in a chemical reaction. Valence electrons are in the outermost occupied shell of the atom. They are important because they play a major role in determining the chemical properties of atoms.
Depending on the number of valence electrons in an atom the atom can become unreactive or highly reactive. For reactive atoms, the number of valence electrons determines whether they are likely to lose or gain electrons in chemical reactions. Metals that readily donate electrons can conduct electricity.
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he statements in the tables below are about two different chemical equilibria. the symbols have their usual meaning, for example stands for the standard gibbs free energy of reaction and stands for the equilibrium constant. in each table, there is one statement that is false because it contradicts the other three statements. when you find a false statement, check the box next to it. statement false? statement false?
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[tex]\Delta[/tex]G = 0 when a system is in equilibrium. [tex]\Delta[/tex]G<0 if the process is spontaneous.
Why is it called Gibbs free energy?Gibb's free energy is named free energy because it is readily available at all times. If necessary, the reaction can obtain this energy without having to do any effort. The change in Gibb's free energy is the sum of enthalpy and the product of the system's temperature and entropy.The standard change in free energy, or the change in free energy under standard conditions, is denoted as delta-G zero. R represents the gas constant, T represents the temperature in Kelvin, and K represents our equilibrium constant. So, if you use this equation, you're in equilibrium, and delta-G equals zero.The equation for the relationship between Gibbs energy and the equilibrium constant is [tex]\Delta[/tex]Go=RTlnKeq.[tex]\Delta[/tex]G = 0 when a system is in equilibrium. [tex]\Delta[/tex]G<0 if the process is spontaneous.To learn more about Gibbs free energy refer,
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if he loses half this energy by evaporating water (through breathing and sweating), how many kilograms of water evaporate? the latent heat of vaporization of water is lv
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2.59 kilograms of water evaporate, if latent heat is lv.
Q = m lv = 3000 kCal / 2
m = 3000 / 2 lv
lv = 580 kCal /kg
m = 2.59 kg
Hence, 2.59 kilograms of water evaporate, if latent heat is lv.
The heat energy that has to be supplied to change the state of a substance without changing the temperature of the substance is called its latent heat.
Latent heat is the power launched or absorbed by means of a body whilst changing it nation with out upward thrust or fall in temperature . including greater warmness to the water has no impact on temperature. as a substitute, it causes the water to trade nation (or vaporize) from a liquid to a gasoline.
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How did the oxygen revolution increase diversity?.
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An rise in marine life, significant changes in species types, and even changes in the make-up of the ocean floors were all part of the simultaneous three-fold increase in biodiversity.
Which diversity do you mean?Diversity refers to the characteristics that distinguish each of us from one another, including our histories, personalities, experiences from our pasts, and beliefs. These characteristics together make up who we are. Our worldview, viewpoint, and methodology are all shaped by a confluence of our individual variations.
What exactly are examples of diversity?Diversity is the integration of a wide variety of people from various racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic origins. Diversity can take many forms, including differences in gender, color, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, and political views. Since it helps social groups to grow, variety is widely regarded nowadays.
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How do valence electrons impact the type of bonds an atom makes?(1 point) responses.
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A valence electron is an electron that is part of an atom's outer shell and can take part in the synthesis of a chemical bond .
How do valence electrons impact the type of bonds an atom?What and how many other atoms an atom can bind with depends on how many valence electrons it has. For instance, because of the octet rule, carbon desires to add four additional electrons to its orbital even though it already has four valence electrons. As a result, carbon may form four single hydrogen bonds as CH4.A valence electron is an electron that is part of an atom's outer shell and can take part in the synthesis of a chemical bond if the outer shell is open. Each atom in the bond contributes one valence electron to create a shared pair in a single covalent bond.To learn more about valence electrons refer,
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determine the oxidation numbers of each of the elements in the following reactions and identify which of them are oxidized and reduced, if any: b) 2mnco3(s) o2(g) -> 2mno2(s) 2co2(g)
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The oxidation numbers of each of the elements in the following reactions and identify which of them are oxidized and reduced is manganese is oxidized and oxygen is reduced.
The reaction is given as :
`2MnCO₃ + O₂ -----> 2MnO₂ + 2CO₂
in reactant side oxidation number of Mn = +2, C = +4 , O = -2
in reactant side oxidation number of O in O₂ = 0
in product side oxidation number of Mn = + 4 , O = -2
in product side oxidation number in CO₂ , C = +4 , O = -2
so the increase in oxidation number is oxidation and the decrease in oxidation number is reduction.
Thus, The oxidation numbers of each of the elements in the following reactions and identify which of them are oxidized and reduced is manganese is oxidized and oxygen is reduced.
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What would be the expected coupling (splitting) pattern for the
CH2
in the following molecule? tinglet (1) derablet (d) triplet (t) quartet (q) What would the expected coupling (splitting) pattem for the indicatedCH2
. In the tollowing molecule? dirubiet (d) tipletit) quirtust (in)
Answers
The splitting patter for doublet would be 3.96 ppm, corresponding to the two Ha protons, is split into two subpeaks of equal height and area, and the splitting pattern for triplet would be 5.76 ppm.
The 1H-NMR spectra that we have seen so far (of methyl acetate and para-xylene) are somewhat unusual in the sense that in both of these molecules, each set of protons generates a single NMR signal. In fact, the 1H-NMR spectra of most organic molecules contain proton signals that are 'split' into two or more sub-peaks. Rather than being a complication, however, this splitting behavior actually provides us with more information about our sample molecule.
The source of signal splitting is a phenomenon called spin-spin coupling, a term that describes the magnetic interactions between neighboring, non-equivalent NMR-active nuclei. The magnetic environment experienced by Hb is influenced by the fields of both neighboring Ha protons, which we will call Ha1 and Ha2.
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Ammonium chloride has often been used to make cold packs because of its relative low cost. To make an effective cold pack, 21. 0 g of ammonium chloride is required. What's the cost associated with making one cold pack?
Answers
The cost associated with making one cold pack is $1.323.
What is the best chemical for a cold pack?Heat is either emitted in an exothermic process or absorbed in an endothermic reaction when the salt dissociates. Commercial quick cold packs often contain either ammonium nitrate or urea as a salt component, whereas hot packs frequently contain magnesium sulfate or calcium chloride.These ice packs' chemical reactors are commonly ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, or urea. Ammonium nitrate is the most dangerous component if consumed. Blood arteries can dilate when exposed to ammonium nitrate. This can affect blood pressure and the volume of blood going to organs.From the table :
Ammonium chloride cost = $ 63 per Kg
To make an effective cold pack, 21. 0 g of ammonium chloride is required.
So,
cost for 21g ammonium chloride =0.021 x 63 = $ 1.323.
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automobile bodies contain significant amounts of iron. the iron is protected by the addition of zinc. this is called galvanization, the protection of one metal the sacrifice of a more reactive metal. write the balanced chemical equations using smallest whole number coefficients for the following processes. do not include states-of-matter:
Answers
the balanced chemical of the corrosion presented by galvanization is
Fe ⇒ Fe²⁺+ 2e
Corrosion is the process by which metals are converted to oxides by exposure to the atmosphere. Corrosion is a type of atmospheric oxidation of metals.
One way to prevent corrosion is to use a sacrificial anode. A more reactive metal can be used as the anode to protect the desired metal from corrosion. The formula for iron corrosion is: Fe ⇒ Fe²⁺+ 2e
Iron is protected by the addition of zinc. This is called electroplating( galvanization), and it protect one metal at the expense of a more reactive metal.
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0.14 m hydrofluoric acid 0.16 m potassium fluoride 0.25 m hydroiodic acid 0.16 m potassium iodide 0.30 m ammonia 0.36 m potassium hydroxide 0.15 m calcium hydroxide 0.28 m calcium bromide 0.33 m sodium perchlorate 0.23 m barium perchlorate submit answerretry entire group
Answers
We are given buffer systems and asked for good buffer systems. We know the buffer solution is the solution that resists the sudden change in the pH of the solution after the addition of a small amount of either strong acid or base.
The buffer solution contains either a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. In the first part, there is a good buffer system of 0.34 M ammonia + 0.31 M ammonium nitrate and 0.14 M nitrous acid + 0.10 M potassium nitrite. In this buffer solution, there is weak acid/weak base and conjugate base/ conjugate acid present.
Irritating to eyes skin and respiratory tract. A nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed. Repeated or prolonged skin contact may cause dermatitis. Ingestion may cause effects on the central nervous system.
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Calculate the frequency of visible light having a wavelength of 568.8 nm. a. 170.5 s b. 1.897 x 10 c. 1.897 x 10's d. 5.271 x 10's e. 5.271 x 104 s
Answers
The frequency of visible light will be 5.271 × 10¹⁴ s⁻¹
Frequency = speed of light / wavelength
Frequency = ( 3 • 10^8ms-1 ) / ( 568.8nm )
Frequency = ( 3 • 10^8ms-1 ) / ( 568.8 • 10^-9m )
Frequency = [ 3 / 568.8 ] • 10^17 s-1
Frequency = 5.271 × 10¹⁴ s⁻¹
The wavelength of a wave describes how lengthy the wave is. The distance from the "crest" (top) of 1 wave to the crest of the following wave is the wavelength. Alternately, we can degree from the "trough" (bottom) of 1 wave to the trough of the subsequent wave and get an equal price for the wavelength.
Wavelength: the space between one peak and the following in a chain of waves, or the distance between one trough and the following. It is also one of the “yardsticks” used to measure radiation.
The SI unit of wavelength meters. At the same time as measuring wavelength, the multiples or fractions of a meter are also used. Extensively, exponential powers of 10 are used whilst wavelengths are of huge assets.
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Which blue box in the picture below marks the rock layer that is the most likely the oldest assuming the layers have not experienced folding or uplifting?
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The rock layer that is the most likely the oldest assuming the layers have not experienced folding or uplifting is Layer Z.
The oldest rock layer is what?According to the law of superposition, the rock strata (layers) that are furthest below the earth's surface are the oldest (having formed first), and the rock strata (layers) that are closest to the surface are the youngest.
Therefore, In actuality, the oldest fossils that have ever been discovered are 3.5 billion year old cyanobacteria found in Archaean rocks in western Australia. Since the oldest rocks are only slightly older—3.8 billion years old—this might come as a surprise.
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See options below
Which blue box in the picture below marks the rock layer that is the most likely the oldest assuming the layers have not experienced folding or uplifting?
Layer W
Layer X
Layer Y
Layer Z
You used Excel to plot the relationship of enthalpy of combustion and the number of carbons in the alcohols tested. Select ALL the statements that are applicable to the plot you should have obtained.
Remember: partial credit will not be given for partial answers.
The alcohol with the fewest amount of carbon atoms would result with the lowest enthalpy value.
The X axis represents the change in temperature.
The fitting equation should be linear.
A low R-square value indicates the data fit well to the equation.
The fitting equation should be exponential.
Answers
The statements that are applicable to the plot regarding the enthalpy will be:
The alcohol with the fewest amount of carbon atoms would result with the lowest enthalpy value.The fitting equation should be linear.What is enthalpy?A thermodynamic system's enthalpy is the sum of its internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume. The alcohol with the fewest carbon atoms would have the lowest enthalpy value. The temperature change is represented by the X axis. The equation for fitting should be linear. A low R-square value indicates that the data fits the equation well.
It is a state function used in many measurements in chemical, biological, and physical systems at constant pressure, which the large ambient atmosphere conveniently provides.
In this case, it should be noted that the r value will be near to 1 and the equation is linear.
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for this lab you will be using 3 color ph indicators: bromothymol blue, methyl orange, and turmeric with pka values of 7.0, 3.4, and 7.8, respectively. assume you have three beakers, each containing one of the color indicators, to which you add equal aliquots of sodium hydroxide. as the ph of the three solutions increases, predict the order in which the indicators would undergo their characteristic color change, i.e., most acidic to most basic.
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The order in which the indicators would undergo their characterisitic color change is -methyl orange, bromothymol blue, turmeric.
The concept behind the order is that the if the solution has lower pka value, then the solution is more acidic.
Here, we can see that in beaker 2 methyl orange indicator is used, so because of lower pka value of methyl orange, this beaker solution would undergo color changes firstly.
After this, beaker 1 in which bromothymol blue indicator is used would undergo color change.
At the end, beaker 3 in which turmeric is used as an indicator would undergo color because of higher pka value.
Hence, the correct order is methyl orange, bromothymol blue, turmeric.
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mix two 15ml portions 0.1 m solutions of silver nitrate and potassium chromate to determine the empirical formula of the precipitate formed.
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The empirical formula is [tex]K_{2} Cr_{2} O_{7}[/tex], Potassium dichromate, which is a precipitate.
When two solutions are combined, a precipitation process occurs, producing an insoluble substance called a precipitate. A reddish precipitate of silver dichromate is created when a colorless solution of silver nitrate is combined with a yellow-orange solution of potassium dichromate.
[tex]AgNO_{3} + K_{2} CrO_{4} - > K_{2} Cr_{2} O_{7} (precipitate)[/tex]
Silver Nitrate + Potassium Chromate -> Potassium Dichromate
Thus, when one of the products is insoluble, precipitation reactions, a subclass of exchange reactions, take place between ionic compounds. Such reactions are commonly referred to as double-displacement reactions since both components of each molecule shift partners. Metals that have been extracted from their ores and precious metals that can be recovered for recycling are separated using precipitation reactions.
When two strong electrolyte solutions are combined, a precipitation process happens, and a solid precipitate forms. As previously mentioned, no net reaction will occur if none of the species in the solution react.
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