True , As a result of the close connection between DNA replication preparation and cell-cycle development, replication only happens once every cycle. The moment is right to examine the transcription between the two processes at the molecular level.
Transcription and DNA replication both take place at the same time on the same DNA template. (B) According to the transcriptional R-loops paradigm, RNA-DNA hybrids that develop during transcription obstruct replication fork progress and cause TAR. Abstract. DNA must be accurately copied once before cell division in eukaryotes in order to maintain genomic integrity. Only one replication of a chromosome occurs throughout each cell cycle thanks to a procedure known as replication licensing.
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During a physical assessment, using the handle of the reflex hammer, you gently stroke the inner left thigh of the patient, which causes the ipsilateral testicle to rise. What superficial reflex is demonstrated?A. abdominal reflexB. babinski reflexC. brachioradialis reflexD. cremasteric reflex
Answer: D. cremasteric reflex
Explanation: My friend told me
a common mechanism for antibiotic resistance is alteration of the molecule targeted by the antibiotic. very small changes in the structure to extensive alterations may produce a gene product on which the antibiotic has limited effect. match the type of point mutation with the type of damage it is most likely to produce.
Very small changes in the structure to extensive alterations may produce a gene product on which the antibiotic has limited effect which is called Missence.
What does "missense mutation" mean exactly?
A missense mutation is a DNA error that causes the integration of an unfavourable amino acid into a protein as a result of altering a single nucleotide in the DNA. The pallor associated with sickle cell anaemia is the best illustration of a missense change.
What does missense result?
A missense variant is a sort of substitution in which a nucleotide change causes the protein produced from the gene to have a different amino acid in place of one amino acid. The protein's functionality could be affected by the amino acid alteration.
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Which of the following Proteobacteria regularly use(s) intracellular pathogenesis as part of the infection cycle?
Choose one or more:
A. Neisseria meningitidis
B. Legionella pneumophila
C. Yersinia pestis
D. Escherichia coli
Legionella pneumophila, Most cases of Legionnaires' illness are caused by the bacteria Legionella pneumophila.
Any of the subsequent typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever caused by alphaproteobacteria?
Numerous crucial bacteria for medicine can be found in the order Rickettsiales of the -proteobacteria, including the pathogens that cause typhus and Rocky Mountain, spotted fever. Newly emerging pathogens that cause diseases that are similar to one another and have numerous bacterial traits are among them.
What are the functions of alpha protozoa?Alphaproteobacteria of the genus Agrobacterium are frequently used by scientists to introduce foreign DNA into plant genomes due to their symbiotic characteristics. They also offer numerous additional biotechnological advantages.
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stimulus to the muscle spindle elicits the reflex. stimulus to the muscle spindle elicits the reflex. ciliospinal plantar stretch consensual
The reflex is triggered by a consensual stretch stimulation to the muscle spindle.
What is stimulus Short answer?Anything that can cause a shift in one's attitude or physical state is a stimulus. Stimuli is the plural of stimulus. Outside or internal stimuli can be used. The way a medicine affects your body is an illustration of an external stimulus. Your vital signs altering as a result of a change in your body is an example of an internal stimulus.
What causes stimulus?Its environment changes in a way that can be noticed. Receptors: Receptors are devices that transform ambient stimuli into electrical nerve signals. Neurons: Through neurons, nerve signals are sent from the peripheral nervous system to the brain. Effectors: In response to the stimuli, effectors create a reaction.
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What is happening on section B of the graph? Justify your reasoning. Include a term to
describe this part of the graph.
Answer:
Based on the graph, it appears that section B represents a period of exponential growth. In this section of the graph, the rate of change of the data is increasing at a faster rate. This is indicated by the steep slope of the line and the fact that the line is getting farther away from the horizontal axis as it moves to the right.
Exponential growth is a pattern of growth that occurs when a quantity increases by a fixed percentage over a certain period of time. It is often represented by a curve that starts out relatively flat, but then becomes increasingly steep as it approaches the vertical axis. Exponential growth can be seen in many real-world situations, such as the growth of a population or the spread of a disease.
Explanation:
Who made the scientific method?; Did Bacon create the scientific method?; Who came first Bacon or Descartes?; Who created the scientific method ?
The scientific was not necessarily made by an individual, it came to exist out of the development of the scientific culture over time that came to define science. However, Sir Francis Bacon is regarded as the father of the scientific method.
Despite Sir Francis Bacon getting credit for making the scientific method, his scientific method was inspired by the works of other individuals such as Aristotle who came earlier before him.
Beacon did not create the scientific method, as pointed out above, Sir Francis Beacon formulated the scientific method using existing works from other people before him.
Bacon (1561-1626) came first then came Descartes (1596-1650)
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Native autotroph species (at least three) For grassland
The grasslands are home to a variety of natural flora, including galleta, blue grama, buffalo grass, and purple needle grass.
Explain about the grassland?Grasslands are found in areas with regular rainfall that is insufficient to sustain the growth of a forest but not insufficient enough to cause a desert to form. In reality, meadows are frequently found between deserts and woods. Grasslands make up between 20 and 40% of the world's land area, depending on how they are characterised.
Grassland is a region where grasses make up virtually all of the vegetation. Grasslands are found in conditions that favour the establishment of this plant cover but not the growth of taller plants, especially trees and shrubs. Natural grasslands, semi-natural grasslands, and farmed grasslands are among the several kinds of grasslands.
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Mendel studied pea plants dihybrid for seed shape (round versus wrinkled) and seed color (yellow versus green). Recall that
the round allele (R) is dominant to the wrinkled allele (r) and
the yellow allele (Y) is dominant to the green allele (y).
The table below shows the F1 progeny that result from selfing four different parent pea plants.
Use the phenotypes of the F1 progeny to deduce the genotype and phenotype of each parent plant.
Mendel researched round versus wrinkled seeds in pea plants and seed color (yellow versus green). Just to refresh your memory, the round allele (R) is dominant to the wrinkled allele (r), and the yellow allele (Y) is dominant to the green allele (y).
What are the genotypes of the pea plants that produce green and yellow seeds, respectively?Thus, the genotype of a heterozygous yellow-seeded plant will be "Yy," whereas a green-seeded plant will have the genotype "yy" (as the recessive allele is expressed only in homozygous conditions).
What is the genotype of the parent of the yellow round?As a result, genotype YYRR stands for the pure-breeding round yellow parent, while genotype YYRR stands for the pure-breeding green wrinkled parent. Character-specific gene pairs assort independently of one another during gamete development.
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What is the purpose of a
functional group?
A. to make molecules non-polar
B. to help molecules separate from
water
C. to build inorganic molecules
D. to assist molecules in chemical
reactions this is the answer
Answer:
D
Explanation:
functional groups are atoms or group of atoms that are made responsible for the physical and chemical properties in an organic compound
Answer:
D
Explanation:
to assist molecules in chemical reaction this is the answer
An analogy is a comparison between two things which are similar in some respects, but otherwise different. Use the examples below in order to create a one-sentence analogy that shows the similarity between each cell part and any object that has a similar function in a different system: cell wall, cell membrane (plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleoid region, nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin, ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, microtubules, microfilaments, vacuoles, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, lysosomes, cilia, and flagella.
The analogy of the cellular structures is as follows:
cell wall is like the skin in humanscell membrane is like the skin in humansplasma membrane is like the skincytoplasm is like the circulatory systemnucleus is like the brainnucleoid region is like the nucleus in eukaryotesnuclear envelope is like the skinnucleolus is like the thalamuschromatin is like the neuronsribosomes are like the digestive systemrough endoplasmic reticulum is like the circulatory systemsmooth endoplasmic reticulum is like the circulatory systemmicrotubules are like the skeletal systemmicrofilaments are like the skeletal systemvacuoles are like the stomachmitochondria are like the digestive systemGolgi apparatus is like the pancreas and liverchloroplasts are like the mitochondrialysosomes are like the digestive systemcilia are like the limbsflagella is like the limbsWhat is an analogy?According to Webster's English dictionary, “An analogy is a comparison between two things which are similar in some respects, but otherwise different. An explaining of something by comparing it point by point with something else.”
The analogy between the cell parts is used to compare cellular structures or organelles and other structures in living organisms.
The cell parts that are compared include:
cell wall,cell membraneplasma membranecytoplasm,nucleus,nucleoid region,nuclear envelope,nucleolus,chromatin,ribosomes,rough endoplasmic reticulum,smooth endoplasmic reticulum,microtubules,microfilaments,vacuoles,mitochondria,Golgi apparatus,chloroplasts,lysosomes,cilia, andflagella.Learn more about the analogy of cellular structures at: https://brainly.com/question/17345108
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Which of the following statements are true regarding epigenetics? Choose all that apply.
Answer:
you forgot the picture !
Explanation:
a farmer sprays his crops with pesticide. the runoff enters a nearby lake. based on the food web above, in which of the following organisms would the pesticide concentration be the highest?
The organisms on a better trophic degree can have more concentration of the compounds here, fishes are at the very best trophic level, so they'll accumulate a maximum quantity of insecticides. So, the precise answer is 'Fishes'.
Carnivores are extra stricken by biomagnification because the attention of substances increases as you flow up the trophic ranges. Organisms higher on the food chain devour extra than the decreased ones, therefore receiving better awareness of dangerous substances.
The Littoral region has emergent and submerged aquatic plant life (In the eutrophication littoral zone, plant life ends up greater fragile because of loss of light.
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Which of the following does not describe a function of aggressive animal behavior?
A) Aggressive behavior is displayed to establish territorial boundaries.
B) Aggressive behavior leads to fights that allow strong animals to kill off weaker members of the species.
C) Aggressive behavior is displayed to determine who is allowed to mate.
D) Aggressive behavior is displayed to establish hierarchy without violence.
*D is not correct answer
Answer:
B.Aggressive behavior leads to fights that allow stronger animals to kill off weaker members of the species.
Explanation:
Take a wolf pack as an example; to figure out who the alpha is after the old one dies the beta will temporally take post as alpha. If another wolf of the pack can beat the alpha(not to death just til surrender) then the beta will stand down as alpha and the winner will be alpha. One wolf pack will also attack other wolf packs if that pack feels as though their territory line has been crossed or if the trespassing pack attacks a pup. In some but very few cases an alpha will lose there place in the pack if another member of the pack does the "alpha's job" better without violence; most of the time when that happens the two wolves will still fight if the og alpha feels its necessary.
A variance of 4 for group A as compared to a variance of 0.25 for group B indicates
Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
a greater variability of phenotypes in group B.
a greater number of individuals in each phenotype class in group A.
a greater variability of phenotypes in group A.
nothing.
a greater number of individuals in each phenotype class in group B.
a greater variability of phenotypes in group A.
Variance 4 for group A compared to variance 0.25 for group B indicates greater phenotypic variability in group A
Quantitative geneticists can estimate the proportion of total variance based on total genetic variance and environmental genetic variance. When a geneticist seeks to improve a particular quantitative trait (eg, desired yield or weight gain), estimates of the proportion of the variance to the total variance will guide research.
When most of the variance is genetic, an advantage can be gained by selecting individuals with the desired metric. Conversely, if the genetic variance is small, meaning that the environmental variance is large, greater success will be achieved by optimizing the environmental conditions in which the individual grows.
In the question, the variation for group A is 4 while the variation for group B is 0.25 → 4 > 0.24 = A > B
Thus, the correct statement is a greater variability of phenotypes in group A.
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which descibes the motion of the plates
Answer: The heat from radioactive processes within the planet's interior causes the plates to move, sometimes toward and sometimes away from each other. This movement is called plate motion, or tectonic shift.
Answer:
a rotation about a virtual axis that passes through the center of the sphere (Euler's theorem)
Explanation:
Please order the following stages of DNA replication in the proper order from first to last as it occurs in prokaryotic cells. Rank the options below. uncoiling of the parent DNA molecule unzipping the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs two DNA molecules, each with one old and one new strand synthesis of two new DNA strands
1.uncoiling of the parent DNA molecule
2.unzipping the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs
3.synthesis of two new DNA strands
4. two DNA molecules, each with one old and one new strand
REPLICATION FORK
To synthesise DNA, the double-stranded DNA is unwound by DNA helicases ahead of polymerases, forming a replication fork containing two single-stranded templates. Replication processes permit the copying of a single DNA double helix into two DNA helices, which are divided into the daughter cells at mitosis
PRIMER BINDING
Primer Binding. The leading strand is the simplest to replicate. Once the DNA strands have been separated, a short piece of RNA called a primer binds to the 3' end of the strand. The primer always binds as the starting point for replication
ELONGATION
Elongation. During elongation, an enzyme called DNA polymerase adds DNA nucleotides to the 3′ end of the newly synthesized polynucleotide strand. The template strand specifies which of the four DNA nucleotides (A, T, C, or G) is added at each position along the new chain
TERMINATION
when two replication forks meet on the same stretch of DNA, during which the following events occur, though not necessarily in this order: forks converge until all intervening DNA is unwound; any remaining gaps are filled in and ligated; catenanes are removed; replication proteins
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Use CER to answer the following: Is the flow of matter (C, H, & O for example) through biological systems linear or cyclical? Does the flow of energy follow the same pattern?
The CER procedure can be used to explain the flow of matter through biological systems as follows:
Claim - the flow of matter through the biological system occurs in a cyclical patternEvidence - animals eat plant matter but when animals die, their remains are used by plants to grow. Also, animals release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when they respire but take in oxygen, whereas plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis.Reasoning - animals, and plants exchange matter between them, hence matter must flow in a cyclical pattern through living systems.The flow of energy in biological systems does not follow a cyclical pattern but rather follows a linear pattern.
What is the CER framework?The CER framework is the framework that is used to explain any scientific idea.
The CER framework stands for Claim, Evidence, and reason.
Clam refers to an idea or hypothesis about a given phenomenon.
Evidence refers to the available evidence to support the claim
Reasoning refers to the conclusion that can be drawn from the evidence.
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Which of the following terms describes the functional classification of the illustrated joint with regard to its range of movement?
synovial
synarthrotic
diarthrotic
amphiarthrotic
The following term which describes the functional classification of the illustrated joint with regard to its range of movement is diarthrotic and is therefore denoted as option C.
What is Diarthrotic?This is referred to as a freely moving joint and it is characterized by its mobility and a joint cavity. Examples of this type of joint include gliding and pivot joint due to their similar features.
This type of joint usually has a synovial membrane within which is encased in the joint as denoted in the diagram given below which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct answer.
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polyploidy the table shows three related species of potato, and the number of chromosomes each species carries in its somatic cells. s. avilesii is diploid. s. tuberosum is the widely cultivated species. potatoes propagate by asexual reproduction and do not depend only on gametes for reproduction. species solanum avilesii solanum microdontum solanum tuberosum number of chromosomes in somatic cells 24 36 48 classify each statement about these potato species as true or false.
Classify true or false of each statement on potato species
TRUE:
The basic chromosome number (x) for this species is 12Solanum microdontum is triploid with 3x chromosomesSolanum tuberosum is a tetraploid with 4x chromosomesSolanum tuberosum is likely a larger and more hardy plant than S. avilesiiSolanum microdontum may arise from a cross between S. avilessi and S. tuberosumFALSE:
The number of casic chromosomes (x) for this species is 6The gametes produced by Solanum microdontum contain 18 chromosomesSolanum microdontum can only arise from a cross between Solanum avilesii and Solanum tuberosumSolanum microdontum is aneuploidSomatic cells are normal body cells other than reproductive cells and take part in the formation of body structures and hence require mitotic cell division which increases the number of diploid cells. Somatic cells are diploid cells, for example, in S. avilesii they have two series of 12 chromosomes, for a total of 24 chromosomes, in each.
Gamete cells are sex cells consisting of ovum cells (egg cells) in females and spermatozoa cells in males. Gamete cells are cells that function for fertilization or fusion. Gamete cells have a haploid number or half of the chromosomes of the body cells. For example, in Solanum microdontum they have they have 24 chromosomes in gamete cells because the somatic cells are 48 chromosomes.
For complete questions, see the picture.
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Why do muscle cells and nerve cells have more mitochondria?; Why are there many more mitochondria in muscle cells than there are in skin cells?; Why do some cells have more mitochondria than others?; Does a nerve cell contain more mitochondria than a muscle cell?
Muscle cells and nerve cells have more mitochondria because they need more energy to function correctly. Mitochondria are concentrated more in cells that consume high energy which include nerve and muscle cells.
Muscle cells have higher energy demands compared to skin cells and therefore have more mitochondria concentration compared to skin cells.
The reason why some cells have more mitochondria than others is that some cells have more energy demands compared to others making mitochondria more concentrated in cells with high energy needs and less in low energy demanding cells.
Muscles need more energy compared to nerve cells and therefore muscles have more mitochondria compared to nerve cells.
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What type of reproductive isolation is
occurring between the two owl species?
A. temporal isolation this is the answer
B. gametic isolation
C. photosynthetic isolation
Answer: The answer is A
Explanation: Temporal means "isolated in time" and occurs whenever two species reproduce at different times during the year yet live in the same location. This can lead to unsuccessful mating.
Temporal isolation also occurs amongst carefully associated animal species.
Hope this helps!
What two levels of organization can be found within an organelle?
Which of the following can cause extensive damage well after the ground shaking associated with an earthquake stops?
a. Tsunami
b. Fire
c. Flooding from subsidence or failure of dams
All of these are extensive damage well after the ground shaking associated with an earthquake stops.
Water waves known as tsunamis are brought on by the abrupt vertical shift of a sizable portion of the ocean floor following an underwater earthquake. Tidal waves are frequently used to refer to tsunamis, but this word is inaccurate. Tsunamis are not brought on by the Moon and Sun's tidal action, in contrast to normal ocean tides.In the exothermic chemical process of combustion, fire is the rapid oxidation of a substance (the fuel), releasing heat, light, and different reaction products. Flames are created at a specific stage of the combustion reaction known as the ignition point. The part of the fire that can be seen is the flame.Failure of a landslide dam can cause devastating flooding downstream. However, there are few laboratories experimental studies and little field observation of such flooding will reduce earthquake.To know more about earthquake check the below link:
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which is a primary component of a plant cell wall?; which statements correctly define the role of ribosomes in a cell?; what is the relationship between rough endoplasmic reticulum (er) and lysosomes; where are proteins synthesized?; which is the primary function of a vacuole?; how is it possible that plants can express firefly genes?; which structures do a rabbit cell and a bacterial cell have in common?; what role do ribosomes play in the central dogma of molecular biology?
Where the interpretation happens, interpretation takes put interior structures called ribosomes, which are made of RNA and protein. Ribosomes organize interpretation and catalyze the response that joins amino acids to form a protein chain.
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What are the reactants involved in cellular respiration?; Is sugar a reactant or product in cellular respiration?; Where is sugar used in cellular respiration?; Is glucose the only sugar used in cellular respiration?
a). Oxygen and glucose are the two reactants necessary for cellular respiration. b). When cells respire, glucose (sugar) and other reactants are used. c). It is employed in the initial phase of cellular respiration. d). None of the others are used.
a). In the process of cellular respiration, both oxygen and glucose are reactants. Carbon dioxide and water are waste products of cellular respiration, with ATP serving as its primary product.
b). The process that transforms chemical energy is known as cellular respiration, and the reactants and products involved include oxygen, glucose (sugar), carbon dioxide, and water. The reactants, glucose (sugar) and oxygen, mix during cellular respiration to create new products, carbon dioxide molecules and water molecules. In order to provide energy for other cellular functions, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is created.
c). As the primary substrate processed during glycolysis, glucose is utilized at the very first stage of cellular respiration. Pyruvate is generated once glucose is broken down into it, and then the pyruvate molecules are changed into acetyl CoA.
d). Glucose is, in fact, the main chemical used in cellular respiration. However, additional molecules can also be used in cellular respiration to generate energy, including: Lactic acid, which the liver can convert into glucose and then use in the process known as glycolysis to generate energy.
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Correct Question:
a. What are the reactants involved in cellular respiration?;
b. Is sugar a reactant or product in cellular respiration?;
c. Where is sugar used in cellular respiration?;
d. Is glucose the only sugar used in cellular respiration?
Which of the following is not a form of derivative classification?
It is not derivative classification to copy or duplicate already-classified information, such as by photocopying a document.
What in the derivative categorization process is not a step?Every stage in derivative classification is listed here, WITH THE EXCEPTION of the initial judgement that information has to be protected from unauthorized disclosure in the interest of national security.
What categories do derivatives fall under?
The term "derivative classification" refers to the process of integrating, paraphrasing, restating, or creating in new form already classified information and classifying the newly created material in accordance with the classification markings that apply to the source information.
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complement _____attracts phagocytes. causes bacteria cells to burst. is a series of proteins. is described by all of these characteristics.
complement system attracts phagocytes. causes bacteria cells to burst. is a series of proteins. is described by all of these characteristics.
A wide variety of different plasma proteins that make up the complement system interact with one another to opsonize pathogens and trigger a number of inflammatory reactions that aid in the fight against infection. Many complement proteins are proteases, and they are themselves triggered by proteolytic cleavage.
It is innate type of immune response as it is non-specific.
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restriction enzymes question 13 options: edit proteins. cut dna at specific sites. stop transcription. bind together strands of dna.
Restrictions enzymes are found in bacteria (and other prokaryotes). They locate specific DNA sequences known as restriction sites and cling to them.
Each restriction enzyme only recognizes one or a small number of restriction sites. Once it finds its target sequence, a restriction enzyme will make a double-stranded cut in the DNA molecule. The cut often happens at or close to the limitation point in a tidy, consistent pattern. [Why do microorganisms have restriction enzymesAs an example of how a restriction enzyme recognizes and cuts at a DNA sequence, let's use EcoRI, a standard restriction enzyme used in labs. EcoRI makes the following cuts here: If an overhang is identical to one on another piece of DNA, as in the case when EcoRI
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Match the type of species interaction to the correct description. A Lichens and mosses live on the branches of a. competition trees and are benefited by being up and out of b. predation the shade where they carry out more c. mutualism photosynthesis. The tree is unharmed by their d. commensalism presence. 4 A wolf and a fox live in the same community. e. parasitism
The answer to the given question about type of species interaction are:
1) Lichens and mosses - d) Commensalism
2) Wolf and Fox - a) Competition
3) Plants and Bacteria - c) Mutualism
4) Lynx and Snowshoe - b) Predation
5) Species and host - e) Parasitism
In a parasitic relationship, one creature gains an advantage at the expense of the other. Ectoparasites, which live on the host's surface, and endoparasites, which live inside the host, are the two forms of parasites that harm living things (living in the body of host). Mutualism refers to ecological interactions between two or more species in which each species gains something from the connection. Ecological interactions frequently take the form of mutualism. Several notable examples are corals with zooxanthellae, blooming plants being pollinated by animals, vascular plants being spread by animals, and most vascular plants interacting mutualistically with mycorrhizae. The opposite of mutualism is interspecific competition, which results in reduced fitness for each species, exploitation, or parasitism, which favors one species at the expense of another.
Question
Match the type of species interaction to the correct description.
Lichens and mosses live on the branches of trees and are benefited by being up and out of the shade where they carry out more photosynthesis. The tree is unharmed by their presence.A wolf and a fox live in the same community. The primary prey for both of them are rabbits.Some plants live in association with bacteria that can fix nitrogen. The nitrogen from the bacteria is shared with the plant and the bacteria receive carbohydrates from the plant.A lynx searches for, and kills a snowshoe hare.A species that withdraws nutrients from another species (its host), usually without killing it.a. competition
b. predation
c. mutualism
d. commensalism
e. parasitism
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fat-soluble vitamins must be incorporated into lipoproteins or bound to transport proteins in order to be transported in the aqeous environment of the blood. the fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins
A, D, E, and K vitamins are among the fat-soluble vitamins.
What is Fat-soluble vitamins ?
Vitamins are essential micronutrients that our bodies cannot produce on their own or in sufficient amounts, so the main way we obtain them is through our diet. Both water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins exist. A, D, E, and K are some of the fat-soluble vitamins. Fat-soluble vitamins are essential for many physiological functions, including vision, bone health, immune system, and clotting. In this review, the biochemistry, transport, and functions of these vitamins are discussed, with a focus on deficiency syndromes and potential toxicity.
Fat-soluble vitamins differ structurally, but due to their low solubility in hydrophilic media, they are similarly absorbed and transported. In the small intestine, where micelles are only beginning to form, the body absorbs fat-soluble vitamins. Micelles are lipid clusters with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups on the inside.
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