i. Under the current capital structure, the shareholder's cash flow is £6,000.
ii. Under the new capital structure, the shareholder's cash flow remains at £6,000 same as the investor keeps her 800 shares.
i. Under the current capital structure, the cash flow for a shareholder who owns 800 shares of equity can be calculated by multiplying the dividend payout rate by the earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT).
Cash flow = Dividend payout rate * EBIT
Given that the dividend payout rate is 50% and the EBIT is £12,000, the cash flow for the shareholder would be:
Cash flow = 0.5 * £12,000 = £6,000
ii. Under the new capital structure of the firm with 40% debt, the shareholder's cash flow would remain the same as the investor keeps her 800 shares. The introduction of debt does not directly affect the cash flow available to equity shareholders. The change in the capital structure impacts the overall financial structure and the allocation of funds between debt and equity, but it does not impact the cash flow distribution to equity shareholders. Therefore, the shareholder's cash flow under the new capital structure would also be £6,000.
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Superb Bhd, an agricultural company bought a machine from Marvel Bhd, and the machine was delivered on 31 March 2021. Superb Bhd decided to settle the payment to Marvel Bhd by issuing 55,000 shares. The fair value of the shares and the machine on 31 March 2021 were RM1.50 and RM80,000, respectively. Superb Bhd was uncertain in determining the value of the machine. Required: Advise Superb Bhd on the correct treatment of the above transaction.
Superb Bhd should recognize the transaction as an exchange of assets rather than the issuance of shares. The machine acquired from Marvel Bhd should be recorded at its fair value of RM80,000.
In this transaction, Superb Bhd acquired a machine from Marvel Bhd and settled the payment by issuing shares. The correct treatment of the transaction depends on the nature of the transaction and the guidelines provided by accounting standards.
Since the fair value of the machine (RM80,000) is determinable, it should be recognized as an asset at that fair value. The issuance of shares should not affect the valuation of the machine. Instead, it represents the consideration given to Marvel Bhd for the acquisition of the machine.
By recognizing the machine at its fair value, Superb Bhd accurately reflects the economic substance of the transaction and ensures that the financial statements provide reliable and relevant information to users. This treatment aligns with accounting principles that require assets to be recognized at their fair values when they are acquired through exchange transactions.
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Data for Product X of Uranus Company are as follows: Direct material standard: 3 square feet at $2.90 per square foot Direct material purchased: 30,000 square feet at $3.10 per square foot Direct material consumed: 28,800 square feet Manufacturing activity: 9,400 units completed The direct-material quantity variance is: O A. $1,740 U. B. $1,860 U. C. $3,550 F. O D. $1,860 F. E. $1,740 F.
Direct Material Quantity Variance = -$1,860 F
The direct-material quantity variance can be calculated using the following formula:
Direct Material Quantity Variance = (Standard Quantity of Input - Actual Quantity of Input) x Standard Price per Unit
Here, the standard quantity of input is 3 square feet per unit and the actual quantity of input is 28,800 square feet for 9,400 units completed. So, the actual quantity of input per unit is:
Actual Quantity of Input per Unit = 28,800 square feet / 9,400 units = 3.06 square feet per unit
Using this information and the given standard price per unit of $2.90, we can calculate the standard cost per unit as:
Standard Cost per Unit = 3 square feet per unit x $2.90 per square foot = $8.70 per unit
Now, using the formula above, we can calculate the direct-material quantity variance as:
Direct Material Quantity Variance = (3 - 3.06) x $2.90 x 9,400 = -$1,860 F
Therefore, the answer is option D: $1,860 F.
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In the Malthusian model, increases in the total factor productivity, z, does not impact the steady-state per capita consumption. On the other hand, in the Solow model we discussed in class, increase in z leads to a higher per capita consumption at the steady-state. Now, think of a Solow model where like in the Malthusian model increase in z leads to an increase in population growth rate, n. How an increase in the total factor productivity would impact the per capita consumption in the steady-state, c*? Draw graphs to demonstrate your results. Interpret your results.
In the modified Solow model where an increase in total factor productivity (z) leads to an increase in population growth (n), the impact on per capita consumption (c*) in the steady-state is ambiguous and depends on the magnitudes of the changes.
Graphically, in the original Solow model, the steady-state per capita consumption (c*) is represented by the intersection of the production function and the per capita consumption curve. An increase in z shifts the production function upward, leading to a higher c*. However, in the modified model, an increase in z also leads to an increase in the population growth rate. This results in a higher population (L) in the steady state, which reduces the per capita capital stock (k*). Consequently, the per capita consumption (c*) may not increase or may even decrease, depending on the relative magnitudes of the changes in z and n. The trade-off between population growth and per capita capital stock determines the overall impact on per capita consumption.
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The following is the post-closing trial balance for the Whitlow Manufacturing Corporation as of December 31,2023. The following transactions occurred during January 2024 : January 1 Sold inventory for cash, $2,700. The cost of the inventory was $1,200. The company uses the perpetual inventory system. January 2 Purchased equipment on account for $4,700 from the Strong Company. The full amount is due in 15 days. January 4 Received a $150 invoice from the local newspaper requesting payment for an advertisement that whitlow placed in the paper on January 2 . January 8 sold inventory on account for $4,200. The cost of the inventory was \$2,000. January 18 Purchased inventory on account for $9,100. January 13 Purchased equipment for cash, $860. January 16 Paid the entire amount due to the Strong Company. January 18 Received $3,860 from custoners on account. January 20 Paid $800 to the owner of the building for January's rent, January 30 Paid employees $2,200 for salaries for the month of January. January 31 Paid a cash dividend of $1,600 to shareholders. 1. \& 3. Enter the beginning balances as of January 1,2024 and post the entries to T-accounts. Note: Enter the date of the transaction in the column next to the amount. \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{ Common Stock } \\ \hline Beginning balance & & & \\ \hline & & & \\ \hline & & & \\ \hline Ending balance & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
In the given information, there is no mention of any initial investment or issuance of shares before January 1, 2024. The Common Stock account represents the equity or ownership interest of shareholders in the company.
Since no prior activity is indicated, we assume that there were no previous transactions related to common stock. As a result, the beginning balance of Common Stock as of January 1, 2024, is $0. This means that the company did not have any common stock outstanding or any initial investment from shareholders before this date.
In the given information, there is no mention of any initial investment or issuance of shares before January 1, 2024. The Common Stock account represents the equity or ownership interest of shareholders in the company. Since no prior activity is indicated, we assume that there were no previous transactions related to common stock. As a result, the beginning balance of Common Stock as of January 1, 2024, is $0. This means that the company did not have any common stock outstanding or any initial investment from shareholders before this date.
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The estimate sales volumes of product Tex is 25 000 units for June, 21 000 units for July, 30 000 units for August and 36 000 units for September. The policy of management is to maintain an ending finished goods invenroty each month equal to 20% of the current months budgeted sales and 30% of the following month's budgeted sales.
*Use the information provided to calculate the number of units of Product Tex that must be produced for July and August.
Here are the questions:
a. When you create a new item for a product you sell, it is classified as a(n) inventory item.
b. for small expenses using cash, you use the petty cash account.
c. To take a discount on expenses or bills that are not for merchandise ordered, you use the purchase discount account.
d. The report that shows every transaction recorded in debit/credit format is called the trial balance.
e. If you purchase inventory items and pay for them at the same time, you record the purchase on a purchase order and bill.
Here are some more details about each :
* Inventory items are products that a company sells. They are tracked on the balance sheet as assets.
* Petty cash is a small amount of cash that is kept on hand for small expenses. It is tracked in a petty cash account.
* Purchase discount is a discount that a company receives for paying for merchandise within a certain time period. It is tracked in a purchase discount account.
* Trial balance is a report that shows all of the accounts in a company's general ledger, along with their balances. It is used to ensure that the debits and credits in the general ledger are equal.
* Purchase order and bill are two documents that are used to track the purchase of inventory items. The purchase order is a document that is sent to the supplier to order the inventory. The bill is a document that is sent by the supplier to the company after the inventory has been shipped.
I hope this helps!
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a. Which of the following is true with respect to the first iteration of the Savings method?
A. customers 2 and 3 are combined on a single route
B. customers 1 and 6 are combined on a single route
C. customers 1 and 4 are combined on a single route
D. customers 5 and 6 are combined on a single route
E. None of the above
b. Which of the following is the correct final set of routes obtained with the Savings method?
A. (0, 2, 3, 4, 0); (0, 1, 6, 5, 0)
B. (0, 5, 6, 4, 0); (0, 1, 2, 3, 0)
C. (0, 5, 6, 1, 4, 0); (0, 2, 3, 0)
D. None of the above
Option E is true for the first iteration of the Savings method. For the final set of routes obtained with the Savings method, Option C is the correct answer.
In the first iteration of the Savings method, the goal is to identify potential routes by combining customers with the highest savings. Based on the given options, none of the combinations mentioned in A, B, C, or D are true for the first iteration. Therefore, the correct answer is option E, which states "None of the above" as being true for the first iteration.
For the final set of routes obtained with the Savings method, we need to consider the best combinations based on savings. From the given options, Option C states (0, 5, 6, 1, 4, 0); (0, 2, 3, 0) as the final set of routes. This means that customers 5, 6, 1, and 4 are combined on one route, and customers 2 and 3 are combined on another route. Hence, the correct answer for the final set of routes is Option C. In summary, for the first iteration of the Savings method, none of the combinations mentioned in the options are true, and for the final set of routes, Option C represents the correct combination obtained through the Savings method.
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Gail is a wealthy widow, whose husband died last year. Her dependent daughter lives with her for the entire year. Gail has interest income totaling $245,000 and she pays property taxes and home mortgage interest totaling $30,000.
a. What filing status applies to Gail?
b. Compute her taxable income and gross tax.
c. Assume that Gail does not have a daughter.
• What is Gail's filing status?
a. Based on the information given, Gail's filing status would likely be "Qualifying Widow(er) with Dependent Child"if she meets certain requirements.
b. To compute Gail's taxable income, we would need more information about her deductions, exemptions, and other income sources.
c. If Gail does not have a dependent child, her filing status would likely be "Single" if she is not eligible for any other filing status
To qualify for this filing status, she must have been widowed in the previous year, not have remarried, and have a qualifying dependent child living with her for the entire year.
a. Based on the information given, Gail's filing status would likely be "Qualifying Widow(er) with Dependent Child" (also known as "Head of Household") if she meets certain requirements.
b. To compute Gail's taxable income, we would need more information about her deductions, exemptions, and other income sources. Without this information, we cannot determine her taxable income and gross tax.
c. If Gail does not have a dependent child, her filing status would likely be "Single" if she is not eligible for any other filing status (such as "Head of Household" or "Qualifying Widow(er)").
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PLEASE WRITE ABOUT AMAZON don't write about any other
company and please answer the question in full .Think about a company that interests you. Pretend you’re forecasting the operating budget (revenues and costs) for next year.
Answer the following questions about your chosen company. Remember to demonstrate your professionalism through proper grammar, complete sentences, and professional tone.
1)What company did you choose? What industry?
2) Are there any major changes the company might make?
3) Are there any major changes apparent in its industry (technologies, competitors, product demand, etc.)?
4) Do you expect any changes to the macroeconomy?
5) What are the biggest challenges in forecasting the revenues? What are the biggest challenges in forecasting the costs?
Amazon and the e-commerce industry: Amazon.com is a technology-driven online retailer that sells a variety of consumer goods and digital media products through its website and various other channels.
It was one of the first major companies to sell goods on the internet and quickly became a leader in the e-commerce industry.
The company is likely to continue expanding its product offerings, with an emphasis on digital media and other high-margin items. The company may also expand its global reach by entering new markets and forming new partnerships.
The e-commerce industry has seen tremendous growth in recent years, with more consumers turning to online retailers for their shopping needs. As a result, competition has intensified, with new players entering the market and established companies like Amazon facing increased pressure to innovate and stay ahead of the competition.
The macroeconomy is difficult to predict, but there are several factors that could impact Amazon's operations. These include changes in interest rates, consumer confidence, and government policies related to taxes and trade.
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be changing the number of shares of common stock outstanding. a. Calculate the future growth rate for Solarpower's earnings. b. If the investor's required rate of return for Solarpower's stock is 14 percent, what would be the price of Solarpower's common stock? change? (Assume that the investor's required rate of return remains at 14 percent.) a. What is the future growth rate for Solarpower's earnings? \% (Round to two decimal places.)
The future growth rate for Solar power’s earnings: Given, Sales growth rate = 5%Net income to sales = 8%Therefore, the retention ratio = 1 - Payout ratio = 1 - 30% = 70%.
Expected earnings growth rate = Retention ratio × Return on equity= 0.70 × 11.43% = 8.00%Therefore, the future growth rate for Solar power’s earnings is 8.00%.b. The price of Solar power’s common stock: The price of Solarpower’s common stock = Expected earnings per share × (P/E) ratio= $2.49 × 9.58= $23.87. Therefore, the price of Solarpower’s common stock would be $23.87 and does not change.
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ABC Country has 1105414 unemployed, a labor force of 4214785 and a working age population of 6802730 . What is the labor force participation rate for ABC Country?
The labour force participation rate for ABC Country is approximately 61.94%.
As per data,
Total number of unemployed persons in ABC Country = 1105414
Total number of people in labour force of ABC Country = 4214785
Total working age population in ABC Country = 6802730
We know that,
Labor force participation rate = (number of people in labour force / total working age population) × 100On
substituting the given values in the above formula, we get;
Labor force participation rate = (4214785/6802730) × 100
Labor force participation rate = 61.94%
Therefore, the labour force participation rate for ABC Country is approximately 61.94%.
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The labor force participation rate for ABC Country is approximately 61.94%.
To compute ABC Country's labor force participation rate as a percentage, we divide the labor force by the working age population and multiply by 100.
Labor force participation rate = (Labor Force/Working Age Population) * 100.
Labour Force = 4,214,785
6,802,730 working-age people
We get:
Labour force participation rate = (4,214,785/6,802,730) * 100 = 61.94%
ABC Country has 61.94% labour force participation. This rate shows how many working-age people are employed or looking for work.
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Traditional organizations have historically organized workers together for communication purposes and coordinated the Stern School of Business's Center for Digital Economy Research Working Paper IS-93-48. In contrast to a physical presence, IT design variables allow for a virtual organizational structure.
Discuss the ideas in this scientific paper
The scientific paper titled "IS-93-48: The Center for Digital Economy Research Working Paper" explores the concept of virtual organizational structures and their contrast with traditional physical presence in organizations.
It argues that Information Technology (IT) design variables enable the formation of virtual organizational structures, which differ from traditional models that rely on physical co-location for communication and coordination. The paper highlights that virtual organizational structures leverage IT tools and platforms to facilitate communication and coordination among geographically dispersed workers. These structures eliminate the need for employees to be physically present in a centralized location, allowing for flexibility in terms of remote work arrangements. By leveraging IT design variables such as communication technologies, collaborative platforms, and project management tools, organizations can effectively manage and coordinate their virtual workforce. The key idea presented in the paper is that virtual organizational structures offer advantages such as cost savings, increased flexibility, and access to a global talent pool. The use of IT design variables allows for seamless communication, information sharing, and coordination, overcoming the limitations of physical co-location. Virtual organizations are particularly relevant in today's digital age, where technology has enabled connectivity and collaboration across different time zones and geographical locations.
In summary, the paper emphasizes the importance of IT design variables in enabling virtual organizational structures. By leveraging technology, organizations can effectively communicate and coordinate their workforce without relying on physical presence. This has significant implications for modern organizations, as it allows for increased flexibility, cost savings, and access to diverse talent.
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Pharoah Company had sales of $2,510,000, cost of goods sold of $1,123,400, and profit of $508,000 in 2021. The company had a January 1, 2021, inventory balance of $132,000 and a December 31, 2021, inventory balance of $142,000. Calculate the inventory turnover and days sales in inventory ratios for 2021. (Round answers to 1 decimal place, e.g. 52.7. Use 365 days for calculation.)
Inventory turnover times
Days sales in inventory days
The inventory turnover ratio for Pharoah Company in 2021 is 7.9 times, while the days sales in inventory ratio is approximately 46.2 days.
To calculate the inventory turnover ratio, we divide the cost of goods sold ($1,123,400) by the average inventory, which is the sum of the beginning inventory ($132,000) and ending inventory ($142,000) divided by 2. This gives us a turnover of 7.9 times.
The days sales in inventory ratio is calculated by dividing the average inventory by the cost of goods sold and multiplying by 365 (days in a year). The average inventory is the same as in the previous calculation, and dividing it by the cost of goods sold gives us 0.1114. Multiplying this by 365 gives us approximately 46.2 days.
Therefore, Pharoah Company had an inventory turnover of 7.9 times in 2021, indicating that the company sold its inventory nearly 8 times during the year. The days sales in inventory ratio of 46.2 days suggests that, on average, it took the company approximately 46 days to sell its inventory during the year. This information helps assess the efficiency of inventory management and provides insights into the company's sales and inventory turnover performance.
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Last month when Holiday Creations, Incorporated, sold 42,000 units, total sales were $168,000, total variable expenses were $136,080, and fixed expenses were $35,800. Required: 1. What is the company's contribution margin (CM) ratio? 2. What is the estimated change in the company's net operating income if it can increase sales volume by 275 units and total sales by $1,100? (Do not round intermediate calculations.) 1. Contribution margin ratio 2. Estimated change in net operating income %
The company's contribution margin (CM) ratio is 19.05%. The contribution margin ratio is calculated by dividing the contribution margin (total sales - total variable expenses) by the total sales.
In this case, the contribution margin is $168,000 - $136,080 = $31,920. Dividing this by the total sales of $168,000 and multiplying by 100 gives us a contribution margin ratio of 19.05%. The estimated change in the company's net operating income would be $4,076. a) Incremental contribution margin: The increase in sales volume of 275 units would result in an incremental contribution margin of 275 units * CM ratio. Using the CM ratio of 19.05% calculated above, the incremental contribution margin would be $31,920 * 275/42,000 = $208. b) Incremental fixed expenses: The increase in total sales of $1,100 would not directly impact fixed expenses. c) Estimated change in net operating income: Subtracting the incremental fixed expenses ($0) from the incremental contribution margin ($208) gives us the estimated change in net operating income of $208.
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A company may continue to operate under significant headwinds which may be made worse by a high level of financial leverage. The effects of financial distress and the risk and likelihood of bankruptcy may result in significant indirect costs for the company. Which of the following is less likely to reflect an indirect cost when a company operates under the threat of insolvency or bankruptcy? a. The management focus on avoiding financial distress means a loss of focus on core business operations b. The company will increase its investment in net working capital c. Customers leave due to concerns about product quality and the validity of product warranties and/or reliability of supply d. Key employees become either demoralised or leave to find employment at other firms e. Companies reduce research and development, advertising and maintenance which affects longerterm performance
When a company faces insolvency or bankruptcy, reducing investment in net working capital is less likely to reflect an indirect cost compared to other factors such as loss of focus, customer attrition, employee morale issues, and reduced investments in crucial areas.
Option b. "The company will increase its investment in net working capital" is less likely to reflect an indirect cost when a company operates under the threat of insolvency or bankruptcy. When a company is facing financial distress, it is more common for them to reduce investments in working capital in order to conserve cash and improve liquidity.
Increasing investment in net working capital would require additional funds and may not be feasible in such a situation. The other options (a, c, d, e) are more likely to reflect indirect costs associated with financial distress, such as loss of focus on core operations, customer attrition, employee morale issues, and reduced investments in crucial areas impacting long-term performance.
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1. Liam died earlier this year but his company was not automatically dissolved by his death. Which type(s) of organization was it?
Partnership.
Sole proprietorship.
Hybrid partnership.
Corporation.
Limited proprietorship.
2. What is the #1 purpose of an auction market like the TSX?
-Match buyers with sellers.
-Handle private placements of shares of stock.
-Provide a market place for dealers.
-Offer new shares of stock to the general public.
-Provide electronic trading for dealers.
3. Exactly 6 years prior to today International Knitting Yarn Wholesalers bought a specialized piece of equipment for $368,000, which has a current balance sheet value of $172,200. The current market value of the equipment is $211,400. The company has one fixed asset. Net working capital is $121,000 and long-term debt is $82,500. What is the book value of shareholders' equity?
1. It is most likely a corporation because the death of the founder didn't dissolve the company automatically. A corporation is a type of organization that exists as a legal entity separate from its owners.2. The primary objective of an auction market like the TSX is to match buyers and sellers.
3. The book value of shareholders' equity is calculated by subtracting the total amount of liabilities from the total amount of assets. In this case, the company only has one fixed asset and the current book value of the equipment is $172,200. Therefore, the total amount of assets is $172,200.
The formula for calculating the book value of shareholders' equity is:Book value of shareholders' equity = Total assets - Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities consist of net working capital and long-term debt, which have a total value of $203,500 ($121,000 + $82,500).Thus, the book value of shareholders' equity is:Book value of shareholders' equity = Total assets - Total liabilities= $172,200 - $203,500= - $31,300Therefore, the book value of shareholders' equity is -$31,300.
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The marginal cost of an increasing building height of a commercial office building is represented by: MC=5+0.5H, where cost is measured in millions of dollars and H refers to building height in stories (about 14 feet). The marginal revenue for the building is represented by MR=11−0.3H. What building height will maximize profit? What is the marginal cost of the: - highest story? - second highest story?
Given that the marginal cost of an increased building height of a commercial office building is represented by `MC=5+0.5H` and marginal revenue for the building is represented by `MR=11−0.3H`. We have to find what building height will maximize profit, and also the marginal cost of the highest story and the second-highest story.
Profit is defined as the difference between revenue and cost. Mathematically, it can be written as,
Profit = Revenue - Cost
We know that the marginal revenue for the building is represented by `MR=11−0.3H`.Therefore, the total revenue of the building will be:
TR = ∫11−0.3H dH=11H−0.15H²+CH... (Equation 1)where C is a constant of integration.
The marginal cost of an increased building height of a commercial office building is represented by `MC=5+0.5H`. Therefore, the total cost of the building will be:
TC = ∫5+0.5H dH=5H+(0.25H²)+C... (Equation 2)where C is a constant of integration.
Now, let's find the value of H that maximizes the profit of the building. We can write the profit function as:P = TR - TC=P = (11H−0.15H²+CH)−(5H+(0.25H²)+C)P = 6H - 0.4H²... (Equation 3)Now, we can maximize the profit by taking the first derivative of equation 3 and equating it to 0 to find the critical points:
DP/DH = 6 - 0.8H = 0H = 7.5Therefore, the building height that maximizes profit is 7.5 stories (about 105 feet). Now, we can find the marginal cost of the highest story and the second-highest story.
We know that the marginal cost of an increased building height of a commercial office building is represented by `MC=5+0.5H`.
Therefore, the cost of the highest story of the building is:
MC(7.5) = 5 + 0.5(7.5)=8.75 million dollars
Therefore, the marginal cost of the highest story is 8.75 million dollars.
Now, we have to find the marginal cost of the second-highest story. The cost of the second-highest story is:
MC(6.5) = 5 + 0.5(6.5)=8.25 million dollars
Therefore, the marginal cost of the second-highest story is 8.25 million dollars.
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Friends Partnership has three partners. The balance of each partner' capital is: Alia $48,000; Mariam $50,000 and Fatima $52,000. partners, Mariam and Fatima, agreed to pay cash of $56,000 for Alia from partnership. The partners share income and loss equally Required How much is the capital balance for the remaining partners Mariam and Fatima after the withdrawal of Alia. Please DO NOT use the "$" and "," signs in you ansewr. For example, if the right answer is Mariam $75,000 and Fatima 75000 85000 Mariam Fatima points Mariam $50,000 and Fatima $52,000. Alia withdraws from the Partnership. The remaining artners share income and loss equally. rawal of Alia. r is Mariam $75,000 and Fatima $85,000, it should be EXACTLY written as:
The capital balance for the remaining partners, mariam and fatima, after the withdrawal of alia, is $78,000 and $80,000 respectively.
mariam's capital balance: 50000 + 28000 = 78000fatima's capital balance: 52000 + 28000 = 80000
initially, mariam's capital balance was $50,000 and fatima's was $52,000. when alia withdrew, mariam and fatima agreed to pay $56,000 in cash to alia from the partnership. as the partners share income and loss equally, mariam and fatima would each contribute $28,000 (half of $56,000) towards alia's withdrawal.
to calculate the remaining capital balances:mariam: $50,000 (initial balance) + $28,000 (contribution) = $78,000
fatima: $52,000 (initial balance) + $28,000 (contribution) = $80,000
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What is flow chart? How does it measure? What are the pros and
cons?
A flowchart is a visual representation of a process or algorithm that uses different shapes and symbols to depict the steps involved. It is a graphical tool used to illustrate the sequence of actions, decision points, and the flow of information within a system.
Flowcharts measure the efficiency and effectiveness of a process by visually representing the sequence of steps and decision points involved. They allow for the identification of bottlenecks, redundancies, and areas for improvement. By following the flowchart, one can understand the flow of activities and information, helping to identify potential areas of optimization or where errors may occur.
Pros of flowcharts:
Visual representation: Flowcharts provide a clear and concise visual representation of complex processes, making them easy to understand and follow.Communication tool: They serve as a universal language that can be easily understood by different stakeholders, facilitating effective communication and collaboration.Cons of flowcharts:
Complexity: Flowcharts can become complex and difficult to interpret if the process being depicted is highly intricate or involves numerous decision points and conditions.Limited information: Flowcharts may not capture all the nuances or variables of a process, especially if it is highly dynamic or subject to frequent changes.In summary, flowcharts are visual tools that measure the efficiency and effectiveness of processes by illustrating the sequence of steps and decision points. They offer advantages in terms of visual representation and communication, but can be limited in capturing complex processes and dynamic variables.
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The Goucher Family Medical Clinic donates a portion of its earnings each year to support human trafficking victims. They have been depositing their money into a money market account that earns 8% per year; the amount of their donations at the end of each year is shown in the table below. At the end of year 3 , they plan to donate all of the money in the account to a philanthropic organization. What will be the amount of their donation? Create an .xls file to solve OR capture an image of your "by hand" work and upload here. Be sure to clearly identify your answers in the uploaded file.
The Goucher Family Medical Clinic donates a portion of its earnings each year to support human trafficking victims.
They have been depositing their money into a money market account that earns 8% per year; the amount of their donations at the end of each year is shown in the table below. At the end of year 3 , they plan to donate all of the money in the account to a philanthropic organization.
What will be the amount of their donation? Create an .xls file to solve OR capture an image of your "by hand" work and upload here. Be sure to clearly identify your answers in the uploaded file.
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Why is careful recruitment and selection particularly important
in a direct service business such as Hilton?
Careful recruitment and selection are particularly important in a direct service business like Hilton for several reasons Customer Interaction, Service Quality, Cost and Efficiency, etc.
Customer Interaction: In a direct service business, employees have direct interaction with customers on a daily basis. They are the face of the business and play a crucial role in delivering high-quality customer service. Careful recruitment and selection help ensure that individuals with the right skills, attitude, and customer-oriented mindset are hired to represent the organization. This is important to maintain customer satisfaction, build customer loyalty, and enhance the overall reputation of the business.
Service Quality: The quality of service provided by employees directly impacts the customer experience. Careful recruitment and selection enable the identification and hiring of candidates who possess the necessary skills, knowledge, and experience to deliver exceptional service. This includes traits such as attentiveness, empathy, effective communication, problem-solving abilities, and a strong work ethic. Hiring individuals who align with the service standards and values of the organization is crucial for consistently delivering high-quality service to customers.
Brand Image and Reputation: In the service industry, a company's brand image and reputation heavily rely on the interactions customers have with its employees. Positive experiences can lead to customer loyalty, positive word-of-mouth, and an enhanced brand image. Conversely, negative experiences can result in customer dissatisfaction, negative reviews, and damage to the brand's reputation. Careful recruitment and selection processes help ensure that employees reflect the values, professionalism, and service standards of the organization, contributing to a positive brand image and reputation.
Employee Engagement and Retention: Hiring the right employees not only affects customer satisfaction but also impacts employee engagement and retention. Direct service businesses rely on motivated and engaged employees to consistently deliver exceptional service. By carefully selecting candidates who align with the company culture, values, and job requirements, organizations can increase the likelihood of employee satisfaction and retention. This reduces turnover, promotes a positive work environment, and leads to a more committed and productive workforce.
Cost and Efficiency: Poor recruitment and selection practices can result in hiring individuals who are not suitable for the job or do not possess the required skills. This can lead to decreased productivity, increased training costs, and higher turnover rates. Careful recruitment and selection processes help mitigate these risks by identifying candidates who are well-suited for the job, reducing the likelihood of performance issues and the associated costs.
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6. Among some of the more frequent used bases for segmentation are: List and explain any three from each group.
(5 marks)
7. The marketing plan can be portrayed as having three levels. Explain each of these levels.
Bases for Segmentation:
1. Demographic Segmentation: This involves dividing the market based on demographic factors such as age, gender , income, occupation, education, marital status, and family size.
helps in understanding the characteristics and preferences of different consumer groups.
2. Psychographic Segmentation: This segmentation approach considers the psychological and behavioral aspects of consumers. It focuses on factors like lifestyle, personality traits, attitudes, values, interests, and opinions. Psychographic segmentation helps in targeting consumers with similar psychographic profiles.
3. Behavioral Segmentation: Behavioral segmentation divides the market based on consumer behavior, usage patterns, and purchase decision-making. It includes variables like purchasing frequency, brand loyalty, benefits sought, occasion-based behavior, and usage rate. This segmentation helps identify consumer segments based on their buying habits and preferences.
Levels of the Marketing Plan:
1. Strategic Planning: This level involves setting the overall direction and objectives of the organization. It includes analyzing the market, defining target segments, establishing competitive positioning, and determining the marketing goals and strategies. Strategic planning provides a long-term vision and guides the allocation of resources.
2. Tactical Planning: Tactical planning focuses on the implementation of the strategic goals. It includes developing detailed marketing plans, setting specific objectives, determining marketing tactics, creating marketing campaigns, and allocating resources for specific activities. Tactical planning is more short-term and operational, translating the strategic goals into actionable plans.
3. Operational Planning: Operational planning involves the day-to-day execution of marketing activities. It includes activities like budgeting, scheduling, organizing marketing activities, implementing marketing campaigns, monitoring performance, and making necessary adjustments. Operational planning ensures that the marketing tactics are executed effectively and efficiently to achieve the desired marketing goals.
These three levels of the marketing plan work together to provide a comprehensive framework for the organization's marketing activities. Strategic planning sets the overall direction, tactical planning translates it into actionable plans, and operational planning ensures smooth execution and monitoring of marketing activities.
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Explain the tension and paradox of why Managing change is not a
simple task?
Managing change is not a simple task because it involves navigating a tension and paradox between stability and innovation. On one hand, organizations require stability to maintain their routines, processes, and established ways of doing things. This stability provides a sense of predictability and reliability that allows employees to feel secure in their jobs and confident in their ability to perform their tasks effectively.
On the other hand, organizations also need to innovate and adapt to changing circumstances to remain competitive and relevant. Innovation often requires disrupting established routines and processes, challenging assumptions, and taking risks. This can create tension and uncertainty within the organization, as employees may resist change or fear the unknown.
Furthermore, managing change requires balancing the needs and perspectives of multiple stakeholders with competing interests. Leaders must consider the concerns of employees, customers, shareholders, and other stakeholders when implementing changes, which can be a complex and difficult process.
Ultimately, managing change is not a simple task because it requires navigating these tensions and paradoxes while balancing the need for stability and innovation, and considering the diverse needs and perspectives of stakeholders.
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1) Let us assume a small country with total GNP of 100 units in 2016 (such a number is not realistic for GNP but I have chosen it for ease of calculation). This country’s GNP grows each year by 10%. The MPC of that country is 0.75 which remains constant between the years of 2016 and 2020. Given this information;
a) Calculate the GNP of that country for the years 2017, 2018,2019 and 2020 (10 pts)
b) Find the gap between GNP (aggregate supply) and C (consumption) for the years 2017,2018,2019 and 2020.
c) Assuming that G (government expenditures) stay at a constant value of 10 in all the years between 2016 and 2020; find the amount of investment which is required to make aggregate demand equal to GNP (aggregate supply) in years 2017,2018,2019 and 2020.
2) In the question above; let us assume that the investments in the year 2020 is 15 units. What must be the level of G (government expenditures) in 2020 to make the aggregate demand equal to aggregate supply (GNP) in 2020? (30 pts)
Hint: You must consider multiplier in this question
3) In a few clear sentences; explain what liquidity trap is and under what conditions liquidity trap occurs? Note: You may use two decimals (e.g. 130.25) in your answers
The level of government expenditures (G) in 2020 to make the aggregate demand equal to aggregate supply (GNP) is 150.16 units.
a) To calculate the GNP for the years 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020, we can use the given growth rate of 10% and the initial GNP of 100 units in 2016.
GNP 2017 = GNP 2016 + (GNP 2016 * Growth Rate)
GNP 2017 = 100 + (100 * 0.10)
GNP 2017 = 110 units
GNP 2018 = GNP 2017 + (GNP 2017 * Growth Rate)
GNP 2018 = 110 + (110 * 0.10)
GNP 2018 = 121 units
GNP 2019 = GNP 2018 + (GNP 2018 * Growth Rate)
GNP 2019 = 121 + (121 * 0.10)
GNP 2019 = 133.1 units
GNP 2020 = GNP 2019 + (GNP 2019 * Growth Rate)
GNP 2020 = 133.1 + (133.1 * 0.10)
GNP 2020 = 146.41 units
b) To find the gap between GNP (aggregate supply) and C (consumption), we need to multiply GNP by the MPC (marginal propensity to consume), which is given as 0.75.
Gap 2017 = GNP 2017 - (GNP 2017 * MPC)
Gap 2017 = 110 - (110 * 0.75)
Gap 2017 = 110 - 82.5
Gap 2017 = 27.5 units
Similarly, we can calculate the gaps for the remaining years:
Gap 2018 = 121 - (121 * 0.75)
Gap 2018 = 121 - 90.75
Gap 2018 = 30.25 units
Gap 2019 = 133.1 - (133.1 * 0.75)
Gap 2019 = 133.1 - 99.825
Gap 2019 = 33.275 units
Gap 2020 = 146.41 - (146.41 * 0.75)
Gap 2020 = 146.41 - 109.8075
Gap 2020 = 36.6025 units
c) Assuming government expenditures (G) remain constant at 10 units in all years, the investment required to make aggregate demand equal to GNP (aggregate supply) can be calculated as:
Investment 2017 = Gap 2017 - G
Investment 2017 = 27.5 - 10
Investment 2017 = 17.5 units
Similarly, we can calculate the investments for the remaining years:
Investment 2018 = Gap 2018 - G
Investment 2018 = 30.25 - 10
Investment 2018 = 20.25 units
Investment 2019 = Gap 2019 - G
Investment 2019 = 33.275 - 10
Investment 2019 = 23.275 units
Investment 2020 = Gap 2020 - G
Investment 2020 = 36.6025 - 10
Investment 2020 = 26.6025 units
If the investments in the year 2020 are 15 units, we can use the multiplier to find the required level of government expenditures (G) to make the aggregate demand equal to aggregate supply (GNP) in 2020.
Multiplier = 1 / (1 - MPC)
Multiplier = 1 / (1 - 0.75)
Multiplier = 1 / 0.25
Multiplier = 4
Required G 2020 = (Investment 2020 / Multiplier) + GNP 2020
Required G 2020 = (15 / 4) + 146.41
Required G 2020 = 3.75 + 146.41
Required G 2020 = 150.16 units
Liquidity trap refers to a situation in which monetary policy becomes ineffective in stimulating economic growth and reducing interest rates. It occurs when nominal interest rates are already near zero or at their lower bound, and individuals and businesses prefer to hold cash rather than invest or spend.
In a liquidity trap, even if the central bank attempts to increase the money supply and reduce interest rates, individuals and businesses have little incentive to borrow or invest because they anticipate deflation or economic uncertainty. As a result, the increase in money supply does not stimulate aggregate demand and has limited impact on the overall economy.
Liquidity traps are typically associated with economic downturns, deflationary pressures, and a lack of confidence in the economy's future prospects. Central banks often face challenges in stimulating economic activity during liquidity trap conditions and may need to explore alternative measures beyond conventional monetary policy tools.
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what is authenticity?
what is the metaverse?
what impact will thw metaverse have on tourism?
Does travel within metaverse deonte an authentic travel experience?
The term authenticity is the quality of being genuine or true. On the other hand, Metaverse is a virtual world that exists in augmented reality or virtual reality.
The term authenticity refers to the quality of being genuine or true. Authenticity is a concept that has gained importance in tourism in recent years, and it is important to note that an authentic tourism experience can be defined in many ways. An authentic tourism experience could be one that is true to the local culture or one that is true to the individual traveler's interests.
The most important thing to remember about authenticity is that it is a subjective concept that is defined by the individual traveler. Metaverse is a virtual world that exists in augmented reality or virtual reality. The Metaverse is a space where people can interact with each other in a virtual world. In the Metaverse, people can create their own avatars, travel to different locations, and interact with other people.
The Metaverse has the potential to revolutionize tourism. Travelers could explore destinations virtually before visiting them in person. Additionally, travelers could visit destinations that are difficult to access in real life.Travel within the Metaverse does not necessarily negate an authentic travel experience. Authenticity is subjective, and a traveler could have an authentic experience within the Metaverse. A traveler could explore local culture within the Metaverse, interact with local people, and experience local customs.
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The following is the balance sheet of Korver Supply Company at December 31, 2020 (prior year). Transactions during 2021 (current year) were as follows: Additional information: The notes payable are dated June 30,2020 , and are due on June 30,2022 . Interest at 6% is payable annually on June 30 . Depreciation on the furniture and fixtures for 2021 is $20,000. The furniture and fixtures originally cost $300,000. Required: Prepare a classified balance sheet at December 31, 2021, by updating ending balances from 2020 for transactions during 2021 and the additional information. The cost of furniture and fixtures and their accumulated depreciation are shown separately. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated by a minus sign.) furniture and flxtures for 2021 is $20,000. The furniture and fixtures originally cost $300,000. Required: Prepare a classified balance sheet at December 31, 2021, by updating ending balances from 2020 for transactions during 2021 and the additional information. The cost of furniture and fixtures and their accumulated depreciation are shown separately. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated by a minus sign.)
The classified balance sheet of Korver Supply Company as of December 31, 2021, includes updated balances from 2020 and transactions during 2021.
It reflects the cost and accumulated depreciation of furniture and fixtures separately. The details of the balance sheet are as follows:
**Korver Supply Company**
**Balance Sheet**
**As of December 31, 2021**
**Assets:**
Current Assets:
Cash: $X
Accounts Receivable: $X
Inventory: $X
Prepaid Expenses: $X
Total Current Assets: $X
Non-Current Assets:
Property, Plant, and Equipment:
- Furniture and Fixtures (Cost: $300,000; Accumulated Depreciation: -$X)
Total Non-Current Assets: $X
Total Assets: $X
**Liabilities and Equity:**
Current Liabilities:
Accounts Payable: $X
Notes Payable: $X
Accrued Expenses: $X
Total Current Liabilities: $X
Non-Current Liabilities:
Notes Payable (Due June 30, 2022): $X
Total Non-Current Liabilities: $X
Total Liabilities: $X
Owner's Equity:
Capital Stock: $X
Retained Earnings: $X
Total Owner's Equity: $X
Total Liabilities and Equity: $X
The classified balance sheet organizes assets, liabilities, and equity into current and non-current categories. The current assets section includes cash, accounts receivable, inventory, and prepaid expenses. Non-current assets consist of property, plant, and equipment, with furniture and fixtures being a specific category. The accumulated depreciation is deducted from the cost of furniture and fixtures to calculate the net book value. Current liabilities encompass accounts payable, notes payable, and accrued expenses. Non-current liabilities include the remaining balance of the notes payable. Owner's equity includes capital stock and retained earnings. The total liabilities and equity must equal the total assets for the balance sheet to be balanced.
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The balance sheet for 2021 involves updating figures from the previous year's balance sheet. The cost of furniture and fixtures remains the same as no new purchases were reported, the accumulated depreciation increases due to the depreciation expense of $20,000, which decreases the balance sheet value of the assets. Note payable remains the same as it is due in 2022.
Explanation:To prepare the classified balance sheet on December 31, 2021, take the existing balance sheet from December 31, 2020, and adjust it according to the transactions in 2021. Note here that the cost of furniture and fixtures remains the same at $300,000 since no new purchases or sales were mentioned.
However, with the depreciation of $20,000 for 2021, the accumulated depreciation account for furniture and fixtures will increase by this amount. This results in a decrease in the value of the furniture and fixtures in the balance sheet.
Regarding the notes payable, they remain as they are on the balance sheet, due in 2022. The interest of 6% does not impact the balance sheet yet, as it is not due until June 30 of the following year.
Remember, the key when creating a classified balance sheet is understanding that you are grading it into current and non-current (or long-term) assets and liabilities and that furniture and fixtures fall under non-current assets while notes payable under non-current liabilities.
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How do companies make informal process changes without
disrupting the system in a way that causes employee
dissatisfaction?
original answers only please. do not copy from other answers
By using effective communication, training, monitoring and feedback and reducing resistance, companies can make informal process changes without disrupting the system in a way that causes employee dissatisfaction.
Companies make informal process changes without disrupting the system in a way that causes employee dissatisfaction by the following methods:
Effective communication: Communication is vital when making any changes within a company. Companies need to ensure that they are informing employees of the changes, how they will affect them and their work. Communication should be done frequently and consistently, especially if changes will be implemented over time.
Training: Employees need to be trained to handle new processes. Companies need to ensure that all employees receive the necessary training to ensure a smooth transition. Training can be done in-house or outside the company. However, it is important to consider the costs involved in training. Monitoring and feedback: Once changes have been implemented, companies should monitor the processes to ensure they are functioning well. Employees should be encouraged to provide feedback on the changes made. Feedback can be used to identify areas that need improvement. Companies can use employee feedback to make changes that will further enhance the process.
Reducing resistance: Change is not always welcomed by everyone, and resistance can cause disruptions within the organization. To reduce resistance, companies need to involve employees in the change process. Employees should be given a voice to share their views and concerns about the changes being made. By doing this, employees feel valued and heard, which can reduce resistance.
Overall, by using effective communication, training, monitoring and feedback and reducing resistance, companies can make informal process changes without disrupting the system in a way that causes employee dissatisfaction.
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Define the difference between primary and secondary data. Give a detailed example of each and how it can be used for market research in your chosen career field. Specifically relate the examples to your current or intended career field.
Career: HR Manager
Both primary and secondary data are valuable in HR management. Primary data allows HR managers to gather insights tailored to their organization's specific needs.
Primary data refers to original data that is collected firsthand for a specific research purpose. It is gathered directly from individuals or sources through methods like surveys, interviews, observations, or experiments. Primary data is specific to the research question and is often more relevant and reliable but can be time-consuming and costly to collect.
In the field of HR management, an example of primary data could be conducting employee satisfaction surveys within the organization. HR managers can design questionnaires to gather feedback on various aspects such as job satisfaction, work-life balance, compensation, and career development. The collected data can be analyzed to identify areas for improvement, assess employee engagement, and make informed decisions to enhance the overall employee experience.
On the other hand, secondary data refers to existing data that has been collected by someone else for a different purpose. It includes sources like books, articles, reports, databases, and market research studies. Secondary data is readily available, less time-consuming, and cost-effective to access but may not always address the specific research question or be as reliable as primary data.
In the HR field, an example of secondary data could be using industry reports on employee turnover rates or compensation trends. HR managers can analyze this data to benchmark their organization's performance against industry standards, identify trends, and make informed decisions related to retention strategies, compensation packages, or talent acquisition practices.
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You are the finance manager of Adventure Tourist Ltd. The following data is available for the company as of 31 June 2021: Current assets of $253,950 Current liabilities $178,700 Total assets $795,500 Equity $405,890 Required: a. The company's Management Board required you to evaluate the efficiency of daily cash flows in and out of business operating activities. What job are you doing to complete the task? (referring to one out of 3 important questions of corporate finance for your answer) (1 mark) b. Calculate non-current assets, non-current liabilities and build a balance sheet for the company? (3 marks) C. Calculate the return on assets (ROA) of the company given that return on equity (ROE) is 35%? (2 marks) d. Adventure Tourist Ltd. has net credit sales of $1,476,000. Calculate the accounts receivable turnover of the company, given average accounts receivable is $128,500? (1 mark)
a. Cash flow analysis conducted evaluate the efficiency daily cash flows.
b. Non-current assets are $541,550, non-current liabilities are $227,190, and the balance sheet is provided.
c. The return on assets (ROA) is approximately 17.79%.
d. The accounts receivable turnover is approximately 11.48 times.
In detail:
a. To evaluate the efficiency of daily cash flows in and out of business operating activities, you are performing cash flow analysis, which is an important aspect of financial management.
b. Calculation:
Non-current assets = Total assets - Current assets = $795,500 - $253,950 = $541,550
Non-current liabilities = Total equity - Current liabilities = $405,890 - $178,700 = $227,190
**Balance Sheet for Adventure Tourist Ltd. as of 31 June 2021:
Assets:
Current assets: $253,950
Non-current assets: $541,550
Total assets: $795,500
** Liabilities and Equity:
Current liabilities: $178,700
Non-current liabilities: Not provided
Total liabilities: Not provided
Equity: $405,890
c. Calculation:
Return on Assets (ROA) = Return on Equity (ROE) * Equity/Assets
ROA = 35% * $405,890/$795,500
ROA ≈ 0.1779 or 17.79%
d. Calculation:
Accounts Receivable Turnover = Net Credit Sales / Average Accounts Receivable
Accounts Receivable Turnover = $1,476,000 / $128,500
Accounts Receivable Turnover ≈ 11.48 times
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You are working for Medical Equipment Exports Group. Your corporation is going to pay an annual dividend of $5 per share and an extra dividend of $1.5 per share in 4 weeks. The company's stock is currently listed and actively traded on the ASX. Required: a) The standard process of settlement in ASX is T+2. If tomorrow is the record date for dividend payment for Medical Equipment Exports Group, when is the ex-dividend date for trading of this share on the ASX? Calculate the ex-dividend price if the corporation's closing price the day before ex-dividend date is $143.5, assuming the dividend flat tax rate is 17%. (3 marks) b) Medical Equipment Exports Group has an extra cash of A$645,000. The AUD/USD exchange rate in New York is 0.74659. The USD/AUD rate in Sydney is 1.38127. Is there any arbitrage profit possible? Set up an arbitrage scheme with the extra cash. What is the potential gain in the AUD dollar, disregarding bid-ask spread? (3 marks) c) Medical Equipment Exports Group considers which method of dividend payment should they use next accounting period in the context that they may need to keep most of the net income this accounting period as the retained earnings for a very capital-extensive investment project. Advise which method of dividend payment the company would choose so they can still improve the market value of the company and generate a positive share return for shareholders
a) Ex-dividend date is two business days before the record date.
b) Cross rate is equal to the market exchange rate, so there is no arbitrage opportunity.
c) Medical Equipment Exports Group may implement a stock repurchase program to distribute excess cash to shareholders.
a) The ex-dividend date for trading of the share on the ASX can be calculated by subtracting the settlement period (T+2) from the record date. Since the standard settlement period is T+2, the ex-dividend date would be two business days before the record date.
b) To determine if there is an arbitrage opportunity, we need to compare the exchange rates in New York and Sydney. Given that the AUD/USD rate in New York is 0.74659 and the USD/AUD rate in Sydney is 1.38127, we can calculate the cross rate.
Cross Rate = AUD/USD rate in New York * USD/AUD rate in Sydney
Cross Rate = 0.74659 * 1.38127 = 1.0315
The cross rate of 1.0315 indicates that there is no arbitrage opportunity as it is not significantly different from the market exchange rate.
c) In the context of needing to retain most of the net income for a capital-extensive investment project, Medical Equipment Exports Group may choose to implement a stock repurchase program as a method of dividend payment. By repurchasing shares from the market, the company can effectively distribute excess cash to shareholders while also potentially increasing the market value of the remaining outstanding shares.
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Which of the following statements is TRUE of qualitative research? Samples for qualitative studies are large and do not require participants to be screened based on important attributes. With a qualitative study, detalled, rich data is usually collected by atking general, open-ended questlons. Findings from qualitative data are generafizable to the population as a whole, informing a marketing manager's final strategle dedslon. Conducting a qualitative study prevents researchers from probing more deeply into areas such as subconscious, psychological consumer motivations. Qualitative study designs are typically informed/influenced by findings from quantitative research. In evaluating your secondary data sources, you are sure to check your news sources to make sure they come from reputable onganizations and that they do not feature sponsored content. This is in keeping with which evaluation criterla discussed in class? Consistency Methodology Purpose Influence Credibility Which of the following is true of independent variables? Their values remain constant throughout an experiment. They do not affect the outcome of an experiment. They are also called criterion variables. Their values are directly manipulated by a researcher. Their values change only with changes in the values of dependent variables. When researchers perform a they gather and synthesize background information, as well as internal and external secondary data to famillarize themselves with the overall complexity of the problem. Data check Background check Situation analysis Theory definition Anatomy screening Which of the following is true of marketing research? It is exclusively used by large businesses. It was originally developed to manage the activities in a supply chain to maximize product value. It solely relies on quantitative techniques. It draws heavily on the social sciences both for methods and theory. It solely relies on observational techniques.
Qualitative research involves collecting detailed, rich data by asking general, open-ended questions. The findings from qualitative data cannot be easily generalized to the entire population, limiting their applicability to a marketing manager's final strategic decision.
In qualitative research, detailed, rich data is collected through methods such as interviews, focus groups, and observations. These methods allow researchers to explore participants' perspectives, experiences, and behaviors in depth. The sample sizes in qualitative studies are typically small and not selected based on specific attributes, as the goal is to gain in-depth insights rather than generalizability. This approach restricts the ability to make broad claims about the population as a whole. Nonetheless, qualitative research can complement quantitative research by providing a deeper understanding of consumer motivations, preferences, and attitudes.
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