The point where the marginal cost and marginal revenue curves intersect is at an output level of Q = 4. At this output level, the price is P = $20. The shaded area represents the monopoly's profit.
Samantha's annual accounting costs will equal $75,200. When Samantha opens her own practice, her annual expenses will include the following:
Office rent: $15,000
Equipment rental: $3,000
Supplies: $1,000
Utilities: $1,200
Secretary/bookkeeper's salary: $35,000
Adding up all the annual expenses gives us a total of $55,200.
However, the start-up expenses are $20,000. Also, Samantha's salary was not mentioned. Therefore, we can assume that she intends to pay herself the same annual salary of $80,000.Adding up the start-up expenses, the annual expenses, and Samantha's salary gives:
Start-up expenses: $20,000
Samantha's salary: $80,000
Annual expenses: $55,200Total: $155,200
Refer to Figure 8-6. When the tax is imposed in this market, buyers effectively pay $6 of the $10 tax.
When a tax is imposed on a market, buyers and sellers share the burden of the tax. The buyers pay some portion of the tax, while the sellers pay the remaining portion.
In this case, the $10 tax results in a new equilibrium price of $26 and a new equilibrium quantity of 400 units. The original equilibrium price was $20, and the original equilibrium quantity was 500 units.
The tax raises the price paid by buyers, and it lowers the price received by sellers. The new price paid by buyers is $26, which is $6 higher than the original equilibrium price. The new price received by sellers is $20, which is $6 lower than the original equilibrium price.
Therefore, buyers effectively pay $6 of the $10 tax, while sellers effectively pay $4 of the $10 tax.
Refer to Figure 8-6. When the tax is imposed in this market, the price sellers effectively receive is $20. When a tax is imposed on a market, the sellers receive a lower price than the buyers pay. In this case, the $10 tax results in a new equilibrium price of $26 and a new equilibrium quantity of 400 units.
The original equilibrium price was $20, and the original equilibrium quantity was 500 units. The tax raises the price paid by buyers, and it lowers the price received by sellers. The new price paid by buyers is $26, which is $6 higher than the original equilibrium price. The new price received by sellers is $20, which is the same as the original equilibrium price. Therefore, sellers effectively receive $20, while buyers effectively pay $26 - $20 = $6 of the tax.
Refer to Figure 15-5. A profit-maximizing monopoly will produce an output level of Ooo 04. The profit-maximizing monopoly will choose an output level where marginal cost equals marginal revenue. In the graph, marginal cost is the upward-sloping curve, and marginal revenue is the downward-sloping curve.
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Suppose that the following production function is given: Q = 9KL a-) (6 points) For the above production function, find the elasticity of substitution? Find the Returns to Scale. b-) (8 points) Using the above production function: find the labor demand and capital demand as functions of output (Q). price of labor (w) and price of capital (r). Does the Law of Demand hold for each input? Are these inputs normal or inferior inputs in the production process? Are inputs complements or substitutes? Why? c-) (10 points) Find the cost function for the above production function. Verify the properties of the cost function d.) (8 points) Suppose that a firm wants to produce 144 units of output and w=1, r=1. Find long run total cost. Suppose now that wage goes up to 4. Find the new long run total cost. Does firm substitute capital for labor? What is the percentage of cost saving relative to the case where fimm is not able to substitute? e-) (4 points) Suppose that w=1, r=1 and a firm has fixed amount of capital K -16 in short run (SR). Find the short run total cost, average total cost and marginal cost. What would be the short run total cost of producing 144 units. Compare your answer with long run total cost in part d. How and why are they different?
Answer:
a) To find the elasticity of substitution (σ), we need to take the logarithmic derivative of the production function with respect to the capital-labor ratio (K/L):
Explanation:
ln(Q) = ln(9) + a * ln(K) + a * ln(L)
Taking the derivative with respect to ln(K) and ln(L):
∂ln(Q)/∂ln(K) = a
∂ln(Q)/∂ln(L) = a
Using these derivatives, we can find the elasticity of substitution:
σ = ∂ln(K/L)/∂ln(K/L) = ∂ln(K)/∂ln(L) = a/a = 1
The elasticity of substitution is equal to 1, indicating constant substitution between capital and labor.
To find the Returns to Scale (RTS), we need to sum the exponents of K and L in the production function:
RTS = a + a = 2a
b) To find the labor demand and capital demand as functions of output (Q), we need to solve the production function for L and K:
Q = 9KL
Solving for L:
L = Q / (9K)
Solving for K:
K = Q / (9L)
The Law of Demand holds for each input, as the labor and capital demand decrease as the price of each input (w and r) increases.
Inputs in the production process are normal inputs, as the demand for both labor and capital increase with higher output levels.
Inputs in the production process are complements, as an increase in one input (e.g., labor) leads to an increase in the demand for the other input (e.g., capital). They are complements because they work together to produce output.
c) The cost function (C) can be derived from the production function by multiplying the quantities of inputs (K and L) with their respective prices (r and w):
C = rK + wL
d) To find the long-run total cost, we substitute the given values into the cost function:
C = 1K + 1L = K + L
To produce 144 units of output, we substitute Q = 144 into the production function and solve for K:
144 = 9KL
144 = 9K(K/144)
1 = K^2/16
K^2 = 16
K = 4
Substituting K = 4 into the long-run total cost equation:
C = 4 + L
The new long-run total cost when the wage increases to 4 can be found by substituting the new wage (w = 4) into the cost function:
C = 4K + 4L
To determine if the firm substitutes capital for labor, we compare the change in inputs. In this case, the firm does not substitute capital for labor because both inputs increase by the same amount.
The percentage of cost saving relative to the case where the firm is not able to substitute can be calculated by comparing the costs in the two scenarios.
Cost saving percentage = (Previous cost - New cost) / Previous cost * 100
Cost saving percentage = (C - C') / C * 100
Cost saving percentage = (4 + L - (4K + 4L)) / (4 + L) * 100
e) In the short run (SR), the firm has a fixed amount of capital K = 16. Using the given wage (w = 1) and capital (K = 16), we can find the short-run total cost, average total cost, and marginal cost.
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Choose the correct statement(s) about the Legislative Branch.
A. The Legislative Branch is found in Article 1 of the Constitution.
B. The are 435 Senators and 100 Representative in Congress.
C. The Legislative Branch is responsible for enforcing the laws.
D. The number of Representatives for each State is based on the population of the State.
E. All of the above.
F. None of the above.
The correct statement(s) about the Legislative Branch are: A. The Legislative Branch is found in Article 1 of the Constitution and D. The number of Representatives for each State is based on the population of the State.
What is the reason?The Legislative Branch is a branch of the government responsible for making laws and passing them. It is made up of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives.
The Legislative Branch is found in Article 1 of the Constitution. Among the duties of the Legislative Branch is determining the number of representatives for each state, which is based on the population of the State.
The higher the population of a state, the more representatives it will have in Congress.
Hence, options A and D are correct.
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Fit-Freak Ltd (‘FF’) is a Perth-based company that specialises in designing and manufacturing indoor gymnasium equipment. Clause 2 (the objects clause) of FF’s constitution provides that the company’s activities are restricted to the ‘design and manufacture of indoor gymnasium equipment’. Eighty per cent of the company’s members are outdoor enthusiasts who would like the company to expand its activities to include the design and manufacture of outdoor exercise equipment (for use in public parks and other outdoor public places). The directors think that this is not a good idea. With reference to the above set of facts, and using the four-steps process, discuss whether the directors have to give effect to the members’ wishes. If the directors ignore the members’ wishes, can the members change the company’s constitution to remove clause 2 of the constitution, and if so,
how this can be done.
Fit-Freak Ltd is a Perth-based company specializing in indoor gymnasium equipment. The company's constitution restricts its activities to the design and manufacture of indoor equipment.
Eighty percent of the members want the company to expand into designing and manufacturing outdoor exercise equipment, but the directors are opposed. The question arises whether the directors are obligated to follow the members' wishes and whether the members can change the constitution to remove the restriction. According to the four-step process for determining the directors' obligations, the first step is to examine the company's constitution. In this case, Clause 2 of FF's constitution restricts its activities to indoor gymnasium equipment design and manufacture. As the members' request pertains to outdoor exercise equipment, it falls outside the scope of the current constitution.
The second step is to consider relevant legislation. The Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) governs the operation of companies in Australia. Section 198A(1) of the Act states that a company's constitution binds the company and its members. Therefore, the directors are obliged to act in accordance with the constitution. The third step involves analyzing any relevant case law. In this scenario, if the members wish to change the constitution, they can do so by passing a special resolution. A special resolution requires at least 75% of the members' votes in favor. Once passed, the change will become effective, and the directors will be obligated to follow the revised constitution.
The fourth step is to consider any exceptions or qualifications. If the members do not have the required majority to pass a special resolution, they may explore alternative avenues such as proposing amendments to the constitution in a general meeting or seeking legal advice on possible remedies. In conclusion, based on the four-step process, the directors are not obligated to give effect to the members' wishes as they fall outside the current constitution. However, the members have the power to change the constitution through a special resolution, thereby removing Clause 2 and allowing the expansion into outdoor exercise equipment.
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how much can a station charge a customer for a "replacement" safety sticker on a new windshield?
The amount a station can charge a customer for a "replacement" safety sticker on a new windshield may vary depending on local regulations and market practices. Therefore, there is no specific fixed amount that can be stated universally.
The cost of a replacement safety sticker for a new windshield is typically determined by the station or auto repair shop providing the service. Factors such as location, competition, and the cost of materials may influence the price. Additionally, local regulations or laws may exist that establish maximum or minimum fees for such services.
In conclusion, the specific amount a station can charge for a replacement safety sticker on a new windshield is not universally fixed. It is subject to various factors, including local regulations and market practices. To determine the exact cost, it is advisable to inquire with the specific station or auto repair shop in question. They will provide the most accurate and up-to-date information regarding pricing for replacement safety stickers.
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Select the best answer. The best way to address a borrower’s questions that the Notary Signing Agent is not allowed to answer, is to:
a. Arrange to have the contracting company on the phone to answer the questions as they come up.
b. Halt the signing until the borrower gets the answers he or she wants
c. Make a list of questions to ask the contracting company before the end of the signing
The best way to address a borrower’s questions that the Notary Signing Agent is to Make a list of questions to ask the contracting company before the end of the signing.
When a borrower has questions that a Notary Signing Agent is not allowed to answer, the best approach is to make a note of those questions and inform the borrower that you will reach out to the contracting company to obtain the answers. This ensures that the borrower's concerns are acknowledged and addressed appropriately. By making a list of the questions, the Notary Signing Agent can gather all the necessary information from the contracting company and provide accurate responses to the borrower after the signing is completed. This approach maintains the professionalism of the signing process and ensures that the borrower's inquiries are properly resolved.
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What market analysis tools and equilibrium concepts that you have learned in the class are most useful to represent the corruptive interaction between an entrepreneur and a politician and analyse when corruption occurs in equilibrium?
market analysis tools: comparative static analysis, welfare analysis, marginal analysis
The market analysis tools of comparative static analysis, welfare analysis, and marginal analysis can be useful in representing the corruptive interaction between an entrepreneur and a politician.
Comparative static analysis is a tool that compares the equilibrium outcomes before and after a change in market conditions. In the context of corruption between an entrepreneur and a politician, comparative static analysis can help examine how changes in the parameters or incentives affect the occurrence and intensity of corruption. It allows for the evaluation of different scenarios and their implications for corruption equilibrium.
Welfare analysis is another important tool that assesses the overall social welfare or economic efficiency in a market. In the case of corruption, welfare analysis can be used to evaluate the costs and benefits associated with corrupt activities. It helps in understanding the impact of corruption on the overall well-being of society and identifying the conditions under which corruption may arise or persist in equilibrium.
The marginal analysis focuses on analyzing the incremental changes in costs, benefits, or behaviors. Applied to the corruptive interaction, marginal analysis can help determine the point at which the benefits of engaging in corruption outweigh the associated costs. By comparing the marginal benefits and costs, it provides insights into the decision-making process of the entrepreneur and the politician and sheds light on the equilibrium conditions where corruption is likely to occur.
By employing these market analysis tools, it becomes possible to represent and analyze the corruptive interaction between an entrepreneur and a politician, identify the factors influencing corruption equilibrium, and assess the consequences of corruption on the overall market dynamics and societal welfare.
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Mann Inc., a calendar year taxpayer, incurred $39,640 start-up expenditures during the preoperating phase of a new business venture. The business started operations in November. Mann expensed the $39,640 on its current-year financial statements. Which of the following statements is true?
Group of answer choices
The start-up expenditures resulted in a $34,255 unfavorable book/tax difference.
The start-up expenditures resulted in a $39,640 unfavorable book/tax difference.
The start-up expenditures resulted in a $34,640 unfavorable book/tax difference.
The start-up expenditures resulted in a $34,640 favorable book/tax difference.
The start-up expenditures resulted in a $34,640 unfavourable book/tax difference.
Start-up expenses are costs that are incurred in the process of starting a new business venture. The Internal revenue Service (IRS) has given specific guidelines for how such expenses should be treated in terms of tax treatment. According to the given problem, Mann Inc., a calendar year taxpayer, incurred $39,640 in start-up expenditures during the preoperating phase of a new business venture, and the business started operations in November. Mann expensed the $39,640 on its current-year financial statements. Based on this information, the following statement is true: The start-up expenditures resulted in a $34,640 unfavourable book/tax difference.
A start-up expense is an expense that is incurred to investigate or otherwise prepare a new business or a new product or service offering. These costs are considered capital expenditures and are generally not deductible for tax purposes. They are amortized over 180 months, starting in the month in which the business begins. However, the business may elect to deduct up to $5,000 of start-up expenses in the year in which the business commences operations.
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Bramble Corp. Purchased Office Supplies Costing $7300 And Increase Supplies For The Full Amount. At The End Of The Accounting Period, A Physical Count Of Office Supplies Revealed $2600 Still On Hand. The Appropriate Adjustment To Be Made At The End Of The Period Would Be: Increase Supplies, $2600; Decrease Supplies Expense, $2600. Increase Supplies Expense,
Bramble Corp. purchased office supplies costing $7300 and increase Supplies for the full amount. At the end of the accounting period, a physical count of office supplies revealed $2600 still on hand. The appropriate adjustment to be made at the end of the period would be:
increase Supplies, $2600; decrease Supplies Expense, $2600.
increase Supplies Expense, $2600; decrease Supplies, $2600.
increase Supplies Expense, $4700; decrease Supplies, $4700.
increase Supplies, $4700; decrease Supplies Expense, $4700.
The answer to this question is: Increase Supplies, $2600; decrease Supplies Expense, $2600.
Bramble Corp. purchased office supplies costing $7300 and increase Supplies for the full amount.
At the end of the accounting period, a physical count of office supplies revealed $2600 still on hand.
The appropriate adjustment to be made at the end of the period would be: Increase Supplies, $2600; decrease Supplies Expense, $2600.
The increase of supplies is to record the value of the supplies that have not been used at the end of the accounting period, and the decrease in supplies expense is to ensure that the cost of the supplies that were used during the period is recorded correctly.
The following journal entry would be made: Debit Supplies Expense by $4700Credit Supplies by $4700
Therefore, the answer to this question is: Increase Supplies, $2600; decrease Supplies Expenses, $2600.
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if property tax bills totaling $200,000 are mailed to taxpayers and 97 percent are deemed collectible, what amount should be recorded as revenue?
The total property tax bills that are mailed to taxpayers are $200,000. And, 97% of them are deemed collectible. Now, we need to calculate the amount that should be recorded as revenue. Let's proceed with the solution.
How to calculate revenue? Revenue is the income that a company earns from its normal business activities, usually from the sale of goods and services. It is calculated as the amount of money a business earns before any expenses are taken out. Formula to calculate revenue is: Revenue = Total amount of goods sold x Price per unit Let's calculate the revenue for the given scenario: Total Property Tax Bills mailed = $200,00097% of the bills are collectible
Therefore, the total amount collectible = 97/100 * $200,000= $194,000Now, this amount should be recorded as revenue. Therefore, the amount recorded as revenue is $194,000. This solution is written in 117 words. You may modify it to reach the desired length of 150 words.
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If the market-size variance is $400F and the sales-mix variance is $700F, and the market share variance is $300U, we know that which of the following is TRUE?
A) The sales-quantity variance is $100U.
B) The sales volume variance is $800F
C) The sales-quantity variance is $100U
D) The static budget variance is $800F
Based on the given information, the correct statement is C) The sales-quantity variance is $100U.
The sales-quantity variance can be calculated by subtracting the budgeted quantity from the actual quantity sold and multiplying it by the budgeted selling price. Since the market share variance is $300U, it indicates that the actual quantity sold is higher than the budgeted quantity. Therefore, the sales-quantity variance would be unfavorable (U) and equal to the market share variance of $300U.
The other options are not supported by the given information. The sales volume variance and static budget variance cannot be determined solely based on the provided variances.
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Presented below is THE STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY SECTION OF A BALANCE SHEET PAR VALUE Common Stock, Par Value SHE BALANCE $1.00 Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Common Stock $4,500,000 $650,000 Preferred 8 1/2 % Stock, Par value $50.00 $3,000,000 Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Preferred Stock $500,000 Retained Earnings $2,000,000 Treasury Stock, common (at cost) $200,000 Number of share of Treasury Stock 20,000 Which of the following statements is (are) true about SHE? Do not select all statements, wrong answers are penalized "The total number of shares of Common Stock issued was: 4.480,000" "The number of Common shares outstanding equals 4,500,000 "The number of Common shares outstanding equals 4,480,000 "Total Stockholders Equity $10,450,000. "Total Stockholders Equity $10,850,000- The average selling price of the Common Stock was $1,14 The average selling price of the Common Stock was $1.00 "Total Stockholders Equity $10.650.000,- "The total number of shares of Common Stock issued was 4,500,000"
Given: Common Stock, Par Value $1.00, Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Common Stock $4,500,000, Preferred 8 1/2 % Stock, Par value $50.00, Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Preferred Stock $500,000, Retained Earnings $2,000,000, Treasury Stock, common (at cost) $200,000, Number of share of Treasury Stock 20,000. The correct options are C, D, and F.
We need to find the true statements about the stockholders' equity (SHE) based on the above data.The correct statements about SHE are:The number of Common shares outstanding equals 4,480,000Total Stockholders Equity $10,450,000.The average selling price of the Common Stock was $1.14Total Stockholders Equity $10.650.000,-"The number of Common shares outstanding equals 4,480,000" is true because the number of shares of common treasury stock is 20,000 and the cost of the treasury stock is $200,000. Thus, the average cost of a treasury stock is $200,000 / 20,000 = $10. The number of common shares outstanding is calculated as follows:Number of common shares outstanding = Total shares issued - Treasury shares= [4,500,000 / $1] - 20,000= 4,480,000 shares"The total number of shares of Common Stock issued was 4,500,000" is incorrect because 4,500,000 is the total number of shares issued including the treasury shares.
The total SHE is calculated as follows: SHE = Common Stock + Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Common Stock + Preferred Stock + Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Preferred Stock + Retained Earnings + Treasury Stock= ($1 x 4,480,000) + $4,500,000 + $3,000,000 + $500,000 + $2,000,000 - $200,000= $10,280,000"Total Stockholders Equity $10,650,000,-" is true because the calculated SHE is $10,280,000 and adding the common treasury stock of $200,000 to it, we get $10,480,000."The average selling price of the Common Stock was $1.14" is true because the Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Common Stock is $4,500,000. If the par value of the common stock is $1 and the excess paid-in capital is $4,500,000, then the total amount paid for common stock is $4,500,000 + $4,480,000 = $8,980,000. Therefore, the average selling price of common stock is $8,980,000 / 7,880,000 shares = $1.14. So, option B is incorrect."Total Stockholders Equity $10.650.000,-" is true as explained above.Therefore, options A, B, and E are incorrect.
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In many countries, one of the roles of the central bank is to provide loans to distressed financial institutions. In economics, the term for this is:
a. bailout bank
b. lender of last resort
c. source of ultimate credit
d. provider of fiduciary insurance
e. liquidity resource
Another potential role of central banks is to foster confidence in the banking system by making sure that people can retrieve their money even if a bank goes bankrupt. In economics, the term for this is:
a. banking promise
b. deposit insurance
c. deposit guarantee
d. financially distressed institution clause
In many countries, one of the roles of the central bank is to provide loans to distressed financial institutions. In economics, the term for this is lender of last resort. Central banks have been viewed as the ultimate source of liquidity during times of financial crisis.
By providing a lender of last resort function, the central bank can act as a lender to banks and other financial institutions that are facing liquidity problems.Another potential role of central banks is to foster confidence in the banking system by making sure that people can retrieve their money even if a bank goes bankrupt. In economics, the term for this is deposit insurance. The deposit insurance is a program that provides insurance to depositors in the event that a bank fails. This program helps to protect depositors from the loss of their deposits and promotes confidence in the banking system. Deposit insurance programs are designed to be a safety net for depositors who have entrusted their money to a bank.
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(Economic Value Added) Drew Concrete uses Economic Value Added as a financial performance measure. Drew has $240 million in assets, and the firm has financed its assets with 37 percent equity and 63 percent debt with an interest rate of 6 percent. The firm’s opportunity cost on its funds is 12 percent, while the operating return on the firm’s assets is 14 percent.
What is the Economic Value Added created or destroyed by Drew Concrete?
What does Economic Value Added measure?
Economic Value Added (EVA) is a financial performance measure used by Drew Concrete. Drew Concrete has $240 million in assets and the company has financed its assets with 37 percent equity and 63 percent debt with an interest rate of 6 percent.
The opportunity cost of Drew Concrete's funds is 12 percent, while the operating return on the firm’s assets is 14 percent. Economic Value Added measures the wealth that a company has created or destroyed over a given period. EVA is a measure of the company's ability to generate a profit from its invested capital. Economic Value Added is calculated by subtracting the firm's cost of capital from its net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT). The formula for calculating EVA is EVA = NOPAT - (WACC x Capital).Using the given values, the Economic Value Added created by Drew Concrete can be calculated as follows:EVA = NOPAT - (WACC x Capital)NOPAT = Operating return on assets x Capital = 14% x $240 million = $33.6 millionWACC = (Weight of Equity x Cost of Equity) + (Weight of Debt x Cost of Debt x (1 - Tax Rate))Weight of Equity = 37%, Weight of Debt = 63%, Cost of Equity = 12%, Cost of Debt = 6%, Tax Rate = 0.35WACC = (0.37 x 0.12) + (0.63 x 0.06 x (1 - 0.35)) = 0.0776 or 7.76%EVA = $33.6 million - (7.76% x $240 million) = $15.84 million
Therefore, the Economic Value Added created by Drew Concrete is $15.84 million.
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Sarratt Corporation's contribution margin ratio is 76% and its fixed monthly expenses are $32,000. Assume that the company's sales for May are expected to be $91,000. Required: Estimate the company's net operating income for May, assuming that the fixed monthly expenses do not change. Net operating income
The estimated net operating income for Sarratt Corporation in May is $37,160.
net operating income for Sarratt Corporation:
To estimate Sarratt Corporation's net operating income for May, we can use the contribution margin ratio and the expected sales.
Calculate the contribution margin:
Contribution margin = Sales * Contribution margin ratio
Contribution margin = $91,000 * 0.76
Contribution margin = $69,160
Calculate the net operating income:
Net operating income = Contribution margin - Fixed expenses
Net operating income = $69,160 - $32,000
Net operating income = $37,160
Therefore, the estimated net operating income for Sarratt Corporation in May is $37,160.
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Alpha and Beta are divisions within the same company. The managers of both divisions are evaluated based on their own division's return on investment (ROI). Assume the following information relative to the two divisions: Case 1 2 3 Alpha Division: Capacity in units 97,000 417,000 167,000 Number of units now being sold to 317,000 317,000 outside customers. 97,000 417,000 117,000 Selling price per unit to outside. customers $ 64 $ 124 $ 160 $ 84 Variable costs per unit. $ 52 $ 99 $ 125 $ 60 Fixed costs per unit (based on capacity) $6 $ 15 $ 20 $9 Beta Division: Number of units needed annually 22,000 47,000 37,000 123,400 Purchase price now being paid to an outside supplier $ 61 $ 123 $ 160* *Before any purchase discount. Required: 1. Refer to case 1 shown above. Alpha Division can avoid $2 per unit in commissions on any sales to Beta Division. a. What is Alpha Division's lowest acceptable transfer price? b. What is Beta Division's highest acceptable transfer price? c. What is the range of acceptable transfer prices (if any) between the two divisions? Will the managers probably agree to a transfer? 2. Refer to case 2 shown above. A study indicates that Alpha Division can avoid $5 per unit in shipping costs on any sales to Beta Division. a. What is Alpha Division's lowest acceptable transfer price? b. What is Beta Division's highest acceptable transfer price? c. What is the range of acceptable transfer prices (if any) between the two divisions? Would you expect any disagreement between the two divisional managers over what the exact transfer price should be? d. Assume Alpha Division offers to sell 317,000 units to Beta Division for $122 per unit and that Beta Division refuses this price. What will be the loss in potential profits for the company as a whole? 3. Refer to case 3 shown above. Assume that Beta Division is now receiving an 8% price discount from the outside supplier. a. What is Alpha Division's lowest acceptable transfer price? b. What is Beta Division's highest acceptable transfer price? c. What is the range of acceptable transfer prices (if any) between the two divisions? Will the managers probably agree to a transfer? d. Assume Beta Division offers to purchase 37,000 units from Alpha Division at $145 per unit. If Alpha Division accepts this price, would you expect its ROI to increase, decrease, or remain unchanged? 4. Refer to case 4 shown above. Assume that Beta Division wants Alpha Division to provide it with 123,400 units of a different product from the one Alpha Division is producing now. The new product would require $55 per unit in variable costs and would require that Alpha Division cut back production of its present product by 46,275 units annually. What is Alpha Division's lowest acceptable transfer price?
Alpha Division can avoid $2 per unit in commissions on any sales to Beta Division.a. Alpha's Division's lowest acceptable transfer price=Variable cost per unit + (Commissions avoided per unit) = $52 + $2 = $54 per unit.
Beta's Division's highest acceptable transfer price=Purchase price from the outside supplier – (Commissions avoided per unit) = $61 – $2 = $59 per unit.
The range of acceptable transfer prices is $54 - $59 per unit. Alpha Division will agree to sell if it can receive a transfer price within this range. Beta Division will buy only if the transfer price is within this range.2. Refer to case 2 shown above. A study indicates that Alpha Division can avoid $5 per unit in shipping costs on any sales to Beta Division.a. Alpha Division's lowest acceptable transfer price=Variable cost per unit + (shipping cost avoided per unit) = $99 - $5 = $94 per unitb. Beta Division's highest acceptable transfer price=Purchase price from the outside supplier = $123 per unitc.
The new product would require $55 per unit in variable costs and would require that Alpha Division cut back production of its present product by 46,275 units annually. Alpha Division's lowest acceptable transfer price would be: Variable cost per unit + (Contribution margin per unit lost on current production) = $55 + ($84 - $60) = $79 per unit.
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(A,Default/B,Reinvestment/C,Price) risk is the risk of a decline in a bond's value due to an increase in interest rates. This risk is higher on bonds that have long maturities than on bonds that will mature in the near future. (A,Default/B,Reinvestment/C,Price) risk is the risk that a decline in interest rates will lead to a decline in income from a bond portfolio. This risk is obviously high on callable bonds. It is also high on short-term bonds because the shorter the bond's maturity, the fewer the years before the relatively high old-coupon bonds will be replaced with new low-coupon issues. Which type of risk is more relevant to an investor depends on the investor's (A,Investment Horizon/B,Default Period/C,Option Period), which is the period of time an investor plans to hold a particular investment. Longer maturity bonds have high (A,Reinvestment/B,Price/C,Exchange) risk but low (A,Reinvestment/B,Price/C,Exchange) risk, while higher coupon bonds have a higher level of (A,Reinvestment/B,Price/C,Exchange) risk and a lower level of (A,Reinvestment/B,Price/C,Exchange) risk. To account for the effects related to both a bond's maturity and coupon, many analysts focus on a measure called (A,Correlation/B,Duration/C,Signaling) , which is the weighted average of the time it takes to receive each of the bond's cash flows.
Conceptual Question: Which of the following bonds would have the largest duration? A)10year-zero coupon bonds
B)10year-7% annual coupon bonds
C)10year-3% annual coupon bonds
D)5year-3% annual coupon bonds
E)3year-7% annual coupon bonds
The answer to this statement: "The bond with the largest duration would be option A) 10-year zero-coupon bonds."
The duration of a bond is a measure of its sensitivity to changes in interest rates. It takes into account the timing and amount of the bond's cash flows. In general, bonds with longer maturities and lower coupon rates tend to have higher durations.
Among the options provided, the bond with the largest duration would be the one with the longest maturity and the lowest coupon rate. Looking at the options:
A) 10-year zero-coupon bonds: These bonds have a long maturity but no coupon payments. Since there are no coupon payments to be received before maturity, the duration of zero-coupon bonds is equal to their maturity. Therefore, the duration of 10-year zero-coupon bonds would be 10 years.
B) 10-year 7% annual coupon bonds: These bonds have a longer maturity but a higher coupon rate compared to option C. The higher coupon payments received throughout the bond's life help to reduce the overall duration. Therefore, the duration of these bonds would be less than 10 years.
C) 10-year 3% annual coupon bonds: These bonds have a longer maturity compared to options D and E, and a lower coupon rate compared to option B. The combination of longer maturity and lower coupon rate suggests that these bonds would have a higher duration than option B, but lower than option A.
D) 5-year 3% annual coupon bonds: These bonds have a shorter maturity compared to options A, B, and C. The shorter maturity generally leads to a lower duration.
E) 3-year 7% annual coupon bonds: These bonds have the shortest maturity among the options. The shorter maturity typically results in a lower duration.
Therefore, among the given options, the bond with the largest duration would be option A) 10-year zero-coupon bonds.
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find the market equilibrium point for the following demand and supply equations. demand: p = − 2 q 439 supply: p = 5 q − 989 the market equilibrium point is
The market equilibrium point is where the equilibrium price (p) is $31 and the equilibrium quantity (q) is 204 units.
To find the market equilibrium point, we need to set the quantity demanded equal to the quantity supplied and solve for the equilibrium price (p) and quantity (q).
The demand equation is given as: p = -2q + 439
The supply equation is given as: p = 5q - 989
Setting the two equations equal to each other, we have:
-2q + 439 = 5q - 989
Simplifying the equation, we get:
7q = 1428
Dividing both sides by 7, we find:
q = 204
Substituting this value of q back into either the demand or supply equation, we can find the equilibrium price. Using the supply equation:
p = 5(204) - 989
p = 1020 - 989
p = 31
Therefore, the market equilibrium point is where the equilibrium price (p) is $31 and the equilibrium quantity (q) is 204 units.
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Exercise B-12 (Algo) Present value of bonds LO P1, P3 Spiller Corporation plans to issue 8%, 10 year $430,000 par value bonds payable that pay interest semiannually on June 30 and December 31. The bonds are dated January 1 of the current year and are issued on that date. (VoL $1. EV of Si. PVA of Si, and EVA of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided. Round your "Table value to 4 decimal places and final answers to nearest whole dollar.) if the market rate of interest for the bonds is 6% on the date of Issue, what will be the total cash proceeds from the bond issue? Answer is not complete. Table Values are Based on: n 20 5% ® 1= Cash Flow Table Value Amount Present Value Present (maturity) value Interest (annuity) Total cash proceeds
Spiller Corporation plans to issue $430,000 par value bonds with a coupon rate of 8% and a maturity of 10 years. The bonds will pay interest semiannually on June 30 and December 31. With a market rate of interest of 6% on the date of issue, the total cash proceeds from the bond issue can be calculated.
To calculate the total cash proceeds from the bond issue, we need to determine the present value of the bond's cash flows. The cash flows include both the semiannual interest payments and the par value payment at maturity. Since the bonds have a par value of $430,000, the par value payment will be $430,000. The interest payments will be based on the coupon rate of 8% and the semiannual payment frequency. Therefore, the semiannual interest payment will be ($430,000 × 8%) / 2 = $17,200. To calculate the present value of these cash flows, we use the market rate of interest, which is 6%. Using the appropriate present value of an annuity factor from the provided tables, we can find the present value of the semiannual interest payments over the 10-year period. Once we have the present value of the interest payments, we add it to the present value of the par value payment to obtain the total present value of the bond's cash flows. The total cash proceeds from the bond issue will be equal to the total present value. Calculating the exact values and performing the necessary calculations requires the use of the provided tables and formulas. By applying the appropriate factors and rounding the final answer to the nearest whole dollar, the total cash proceeds from the bond issue can be determined based on the given information and calculations.
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As a minority group member, when Naomi interacts with members of the dominant ethnic group in her culture, she is asked insensitive questions and is spoken to very slowly. She is experiencing the degree of ethnocentrism called the distance of ____________.
a. avoidance
b. disparagement
c. indifference
d. violence
As a minority group member, when Naomi interacts with members of the dominant ethnic group in her culture, she is asked insensitive questions and is spoken to very slowly. She is experiencing the degree of ethnocentrism called the distance of disparagement Correct answer is option B
In this case, Naomi is experiencing the degree of ethnocentrism called the distance of disparagement.The distance of disparagement is a degree of ethnocentrism that involves negative attitudes toward out-group members. When a minority group member interacts with a member of the dominant ethnic group in their culture, negative assumptions and stereotypes may be made about the minority group member.
This type of ethnocentrism may lead to the dominant group member talking down to the minority group member, making insensitive comments, or even physically abusing them.This distance is driven by a lack of knowledge and understanding of the minority group, and a lack of interest in learning about it.
Members of the dominant group may believe that their culture is superior to the minority group's culture, which leads to feelings of superiority over the minority group member. This type of ethnocentrism is harmful and can lead to negative attitudes and actions toward minority groups.
In conclusion, the distance of disparagement is a degree of ethnocentrism that involves negative attitudes toward out-group members. In this case, Naomi is experiencing the degree of ethnocentrism called the distance of disparagement when interacting with members of the dominant ethnic group in her culture. Correct answer is option B
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Consider the following open economy (Home economy). The real exchange rate fixed and equal to one. Saving, investment, government spending, taxes, imports and exports are given by: S = -80 +0.18Y (1) I = Ī G = G T = To + 1₁Y Q = 9₁Y X = X₁Y* where To is the level of autonomous taxes, q₁ and x₁ are, respectively the marginal propensity to import, and export reaction to the foreign country's income. An asterisk is used to designate variables related to the foreign economy. 1. Find the expression of saving (S) in terms of t₁, C₁, Co, and To, assuming that the consump- tion function has the following expression: C=c+c(Y –T) 2. Assuming that t₁ = 0.1 and To = 100, find the values for the values of co and c₁ 3. Solve for equilibrium income in Home economy, in terms of I, G, To, t₁, 91, x₁, and Y*. (12 points) 4. Find the expression for the multiplier for autonomous taxes (To) in Home economy? 5. Assume Foreign economy has the same equations as Home economy. Moreover, use the following values for the remaining autonomous variables: I = 500, G = 500. (a) Solve for the equilibrium values of income, Y, and Y* in both economies. (b) Find the tax multiplier for each economy now? (c) Why is it different from the multiplier found above using the given values for the autonomous variables? (d) Find the equilibrium values for government and trade deficits in each economy. 2 6. Assume Home economy wants to increase GDP by 150. (a) What is the necessary change in the level of autonomous taxes, ▲To, assuming that Foreign economy does not change its spending or its autonomous tax level to achieve the target output? (b) Solve for net exports and the budget deficit in each economy. How do they compare to the values found in (5)? If there is any difference, discuss it. 7. Assume now that both countries want to achieve the same increase in their GDP. They want to coordinate changes in their levels of autonomous taxes to achieve the target out- put. (a) Find the required change in autonomous taxes in each economy. (b) Solve for net exports and the budget deficit in each economy. How do they compare to the values found in (6)? Discuss the difference if there is any.
To solve the given questions, we will go step by step:
1. The expression for saving (S) in terms of t₁, C₁, Co, and To can be derived from the given consumption function:
C = c + c(Y - T)
S = Y - C
Substitute the consumption function into the saving equation:
S = Y - (c + c(Y - T))
Simplifying further, we get:
S = (1 - c)Y + cT
Assuming t₁ = 0.1 and To = 100, we need to find the values of c and c₁. Substituting these values into the consumption function, we have:
C = c + c(Y - T)
C = c + c(Y - t₁Y - To)
C = c + c(1 - t₁)Y - cTo
Comparing this with the given consumption function, we can equate the coefficients of Y and the constant term:
c + c(1 - t₁) = c + c₁
cTo = c₁
From these equations, we find that c = 0.9 and c₁ = 100.
2. To find the equilibrium income in the Home economy, we need to equate aggregate expenditure to output:
Y = C + I + G + X - M
Y = (c + c(Y - t₁Y - To)) + Ī + G + X - (q₁Y + x₁Y*)
Simplifying and rearranging, we get:
Y = (1 - c(1 - t₁) - q₁ - x₁Y*) / (1 - c)
Solving for Y, we find the equilibrium income in terms of the given variables.
3. The expression for the multiplier for autonomous taxes (To) can be obtained by taking the derivative of the equilibrium income equation with respect to To:
Multiplier = ∂Y / ∂To = (1 - c(1 - t₁) - q₁ - x₁Y*) / (1 - c)
(a) To find the equilibrium values of income, Y, and Y* in both economies, we need to equate aggregate expenditure to output for each economy.
(b) The tax multiplier for each economy can be calculated using the same approach as in question 4.
(c) The tax multiplier may be different from the multiplier found earlier due to different values of the autonomous variables and the interdependence between the two economies.
(d) The equilibrium values for government and trade deficits can be obtained by subtracting government spending and exports from aggregate expenditure.
4. (a) The necessary change in the level of autonomous taxes (▲To) can be calculated by dividing the desired change in GDP by the tax multiplier.
(b) Net exports and the budget deficit in each economy can be calculated by subtracting imports from exports and government spending from aggregate expenditure, respectively. Compare these values with those found in question 5.
5. (a) The required change in autonomous taxes in each economy can be calculated using the desired change in GDP and the tax multiplier for each economy.
(b) Net exports and the budget deficit can be calculated as in question 6. Compare these values with those found in question 6 to identify any differences.
In summary, to solve the given questions, we need to apply the given equations and formulas to derive the expressions for various variables and then perform the necessary calculations to find the equilibrium values and compare the results.
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A company reports Net Income for the current year as $1,505,000. Preferred stock dividends for the year total $55,150. At January 1, 100,000 shares of common stock were outstanding. On September 1, 9,000 shares of this common stock were re-purchased as treasury stock. a) What is the company's Earnings Per Share? b) What does Earnings Per Share measure? c) If the P/E ratio is 3.2, what will the anticipated stock price be in the next period?
the company's EPS is approximately $16.54. EPS is a financial measure that indicates the profitability of a company on a per-share basis and is often used by investors to assess the company's performance.
To calculate the company's Earnings Per Share (EPS), we divide the net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. In this scenario, the net income is given as $1,505,000. To determine the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, we start with 100,000 shares at the beginning of the year and subtract the 9,000 shares repurchased as treasury stock on September 1. The resulting weighted average number of common shares outstanding is 91,000.
Using these figures, we can calculate the EPS as follows:
EPS = Net Income / Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding
EPS = $1,505,000 / 91,000 ≈ $16.54
Earnings Per Share (EPS) is a financial metric that measures the profitability of a company on a per-share basis. It provides insight into how much profit is generated for each outstanding share of common stock. EPS is a widely used indicator by investors and analysts to assess a company's financial performance and to compare it with other companies in the same industry. Higher EPS values generally indicate higher profitability and potential returns for shareholders. However, it's important to consider other factors and financial ratios when evaluating a company's investment potential.
The Price-to-Earnings (P/E) ratio is a valuation metric that relates the company's stock price to its EPS. To calculate the anticipated stock price in the next period using the P/E ratio, we can multiply the EPS by the P/E ratio. In this case, the given P/E ratio is 3.2. Therefore, the anticipated stock price in the next period would be approximately $16.54 (EPS) multiplied by 3.2 (P/E ratio), resulting in approximately $52.93. It's worth noting that the P/E ratio and stock price can be influenced by various factors, including market conditions, industry trends, and investor sentiment.
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c3. Paid for the equipment purchased. (tran. A1) d4. On December 31, 2020, Pool Corporation had $24,000 of pool cleaning supplies on hand. Record the necessary adjusting entry. e5. Property tax due and payable worth $12,000. e6. Recognize revenue earned (transaction L) e7. Record interest accrued on bank loan (Transaction N). e8. Record the adjusting entry to record expired insurance (Transaction P).
To provide the necessary adjusting entries and record the transactions, I will use the following format:
Transaction [Transaction Code]: [Description]
Date:
Account Debit Credit
d4. On December 31, 2020, Pool Corporation had $24,000 of pool cleaning supplies on hand. Record the necessary adjusting entry.
Date: December 31, 2020
Account Debit Credit
Supplies Expense $24,000
Supplies $24,000
e5. Property tax due and payable worth $12,000.
Date: [Date property tax is due and payable]
Account Debit Credit
Property Tax Expense $12,000
Property Tax Payable $12,000
e6. Recognize revenue earned (transaction L).
Date: [Date revenue is earned]
Account Debit Credit
Accounts Receivable $[Amount of revenue earned]
Revenue $[Amount of revenue earned]
e7. Record interest accrued on bank loan (Transaction N).
Date: [Date of interest accrual]
Account Debit Credit
Interest Expense $[Amount of interest accrued]
Interest Payable $[Amount of interest accrued]
e8. Record the adjusting entry to record expired insurance (Transaction P).
Date: [Date of insurance expiration]
Account Debit Credit
Insurance Expense $[Amount of expired insurance]
Prepaid Insurance $[Amount of expired insurance]
Please note that the specific dates and amounts for transactions e5, e6, e7, and e8 are missing from the provided information. Please insert the relevant dates and amounts to complete the entries accurately.
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Salam is an investment on the customer's behalf by a bank. O True O False
The statement is false. Salam is not an investment made on the customer's behalf by a bank in Islamic finance.
Salam is a specific type of contract in Islamic finance that involves the sale of goods for deferred delivery and advance payment. It is primarily used in agricultural and commodity transactions. In a Salam contract, the buyer (customer) pays the seller (supplier) upfront for the purchase of goods that will be delivered at a later specified date.
Unlike an investment made by a bank on behalf of a customer, Salam does not involve the bank acting as an intermediary or investing funds on the customer's behalf. Instead, it is a direct transaction between the buyer and the seller.
Salam contracts are designed to support producers by providing them with upfront funds to finance their production or farming activities. The buyer benefits by securing the goods at a predetermined price, and the seller receives the necessary funds for production.
Overall, Salam contracts are a mechanism to facilitate trade and address the financing needs of producers and buyers in Islamic finance, but they do not involve the bank making investments on behalf of customers.
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17.6. Examine the peer group average ratios given in problems 17.4 and 17.5. Explain why the ratios are different between the managed care and nursing home industries. 17.7. Recent financial statements for the Heart Hospital are provided below: The Heart Hospital Balance Sheet September 30, 2020 (in thousands) Current assets: Cash $14,202 Accounts receivable, net 5,918 Medical supplies inventory 1,211 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 1,429 Total current assets $22,760 Property, plant, and equipment, net $33,769 Other assets 901 Total assets $57,430 Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 1,910 Accrued compensation and benefits 2,543 Other accrued liabilities 1,843 Current portion of long-term debe 2,064 Total current liabilities $ 8,360 Long-term debt 21,640 Total liabilities $30,000 Owners' equity $27,430 Total liabilities and owners' equity $57,430 Net patient service revenue $64,505
17.6. The difference in ratios between the managed care and nursing home industries can be attributed to several factors.
Firstly, the nature of the services provided by these industries differs. Managed care companies primarily focus on administering healthcare plans and managing healthcare costs, while nursing homes provide long-term care services to elderly or disabled individuals. This difference in services leads to variations in revenue sources, cost structures, and profitability.
Secondly, the regulatory environment and reimbursement systems for these industries vary. Managed care companies often negotiate contracts with healthcare providers and receive capitated or per-member-per-month payments from insurers or employers. On the other hand, nursing homes typically receive payments from government programs like Medicare and Medicaid based on patient occupancy and care provided. These differences in reimbursement models can impact financial ratios such as revenue per patient or operating margin.
Furthermore, the capital requirements and asset structures of these industries differ. Nursing homes require significant investments in property, plant, and equipment to provide care facilities, while managed care companies focus more on administrative infrastructure and technology. These variations in asset structure can affect ratios such as return on assets or asset turnover.
Overall, the differences in services, reimbursement systems, and asset structures between managed care and nursing home industries contribute to the disparities in financial ratios observed in the peer group averages.
17.7. Based on the provided balance sheet for the Heart Hospital, the total assets amount to $57,430, with current assets comprising $22,760 and property, plant, and equipment (PPE) accounting for $33,769. Other assets are listed at $901.
On the liabilities side, the current liabilities amount to $8,360, including accounts payable, accrued compensation and benefits, other accrued liabilities, and the current portion of long-term debt. The long-term debt is reported as $21,640, bringing the total liabilities to $30,000.
The owners' equity is reported as $27,430, which represents the residual interest in the hospital's assets after deducting liabilities.
Based on the information provided, the net patient service revenue for the Heart Hospital is $64,505, indicating the revenue generated from patient services.
It is important to note that the information provided in the question does not specify the time period covered by the balance sheet or provide any additional financial data.
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for each of the following long-lived assets, select its nature and related cost allocation concept.
Depreciation is the cost allocation concept related to furniture. The cost of furniture should be allocated over its useful life.
Here are the nature and related cost allocation concept for the given long-lived assets: Land: Nature - Long-lived asset with an unlimited life and it is not subject to cost allocation concepts. Related cost allocation concept - There is no cost allocation concept related to land. Building: Nature - Long-lived asset with a finite life. The service potential of the asset decreases over time. Related cost allocation concept - Depreciation is the cost allocation concept related to the building. The cost of the building should be allocated over its useful life. Machinery: Nature - Long-lived asset with a finite life. It is used to perform production activities in a company. Related cost allocation concept - Depreciation is the cost allocation concept related to machinery. The cost of machinery should be allocated over its useful life. Vehicles: Nature - Long-lived asset with a finite life. It is used for transportation and conveyance purposes. Related cost allocation concept - Depreciation is the cost allocation concept related to vehicles. The cost of vehicles should be allocated over its useful life. Furniture: Nature - Long-lived asset with a finite life. It is used for sitting and storage purposes. Related cost allocation concept - Depreciation is the cost allocation concept related to furniture. The cost of furniture should be allocated over its useful life.
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Which of the following statement is CORRECT about the foundational assumption used in CVP analysis. O Behavior of revenue and costs can be graphed as a straight line. Selling price, variable cost per unit and total fixed costs are known and fluctuates. The time value of money is considered. Relative sales proportions of multiple products are known and fluctuates. Moving to anot
The correct statement about the foundational assumption used in CVP (Cost-Volume-Profit) analysis is: Behavior of revenue and costs can be graphed as a straight line.
CVP analysis is a tool used by companies to understand the relationship between costs, volume, and profitability. It is based on several assumptions, and one of the key assumptions is that the behavior of revenue and costs can be graphed as a straight line within a relevant range of activity.
This assumption implies that the company's sales revenue and costs can be approximated as linear functions, where changes in volume or activity level result in proportional changes in revenue and costs. It assumes a constant selling price per unit, constant variable cost per unit, and fixed costs that remain constant within the relevant range.
While other factors such as selling price, variable cost per unit, and total fixed costs may fluctuate, the assumption of a linear relationship between revenue and costs is fundamental to CVP analysis. It allows managers to make simplified projections and predictions regarding profit levels at different activity levels and helps in making important business decisions.
Therefore, the correct statement is that the behavior of revenue and costs can be graphed as a straight line.
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Item Purchase Price ACV Replacement Cost Furniture Couch set $3,500 $875 $3,850 Outdoor lawn furniture 3,125 1,563 3,750 Dining room table and chairs 1,000 500 1,200 Appliances TV 750 375 900 DVD play
The item purchase price, ACV, and replacement cost for several furniture items, appliances, a TV, and a DVD player are given in the table below:
Furniture Item Purchase Price ACV Replacement Cost Couch Set $3,500 $875 $3,850 Outdoor Lawn Furniture $3,125 $1,563 $3,750 Dining Room Table and Chairs $1,000 $500 $1,200 Appliances TV $750 $375 $900 DVD Player $200 $100 $240 The table shows that for all items, the ACV (Actual Cash Value) is less than the item purchase price, and the replacement cost is more than the item purchase price. This is expected because the item purchase price represents the original cost of the item, while the ACV represents the current value of the item, and the replacement cost represents the cost of replacing the item with a similar one.However, for the DVD player, the ACV and replacement cost are closer to the item purchase price compared to the other items, meaning that it has retained more of its value than the other items.
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All of the following business formations can register to conduct real estate transactions, EXCEPT:
(a) Corporation for profit
(b) Not-for-profit corporation
(c) Corporation sole
(d) Limited partnership
All of the business formations listed - corporation for profit, not-for-profit corporation, corporation sole, and limited partnership - have the ability to register and conduct real estate transactions. None of them are excluded from engaging in real estate activities. Therefore, the correct answer is that there is no business formation that cannot register to conduct real estate transactions.
A corporation for profit is a legal entity that can engage in various business activities, including real estate transactions. It provides liability protection to its shareholders and can hold and transfer real estate properties.
A not-for-profit corporation, although primarily focused on non-profit purposes, can also engage in real estate transactions. Non-profit organizations often acquire and manage real estate assets for their operations or to support their charitable objectives.
A corporation sole, which is typically associated with religious or charitable organizations, can also participate in real estate transactions. It is a legal entity that represents a single individual, often a religious leader or a designated officeholder, and can hold real estate in its name.
A limited partnership is a business formation that consists of both general partners and limited partners. While limited partners have limited liability and are not actively involved in the management of the partnership, they can still participate in real estate transactions through the partnership's activities.
All of the business formations listed in the question - corporation for profit, not-for-profit corporation, corporation sole, and limited partnership - have the capability to register and conduct real estate transactions. None of them are excluded from engaging in real estate activities.
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Bond Z is a 12% annual coupon bond maturing in 5 years with a face value of $1,000. The interest rate for all maturities is 10%. What is Bond Z's Macaulay duration? NOTE: Answers should be expressed i
To calculate Bond Z's Macaulay duration, we need to consider the timing of the cash flows and the present value of each cash flow. Here are the steps to calculate it:
Step 1: Calculate the present value of each cash flow.
The annual coupon payment is 12% of the face value, which is $1,000 * 12% = $120. The present value of each coupon payment can be calculated using the formula:
Present Value of Coupon Payment = Coupon Payment / (1 + Interest Rate) ^ Time
Time represents the number of years until the cash flow is received.
For Bond Z, we have:
Present Value of Coupon Payment = $120 / (1 + 10%) ^ 1 + $120 / (1 + 10%) ^ 2 + $120 / (1 + 10%) ^ 3 + $120 / (1 + 10%) ^ 4 + $120 / (1 + 10%) ^ 5
Step 2: Calculate the present value of the face value (final payment).
The present value of the face value can be calculated similarly:
Present Value of Face Value = Face Value / (1 + Interest Rate) ^ Time
For Bond Z, we have:
Present Value of Face Value = $1,000 / (1 + 10%) ^ 5
Step 3: Calculate the weighted average of the present values.
To calculate the Macaulay duration, we need to calculate the weighted average of the present values, where the weights are the proportions of the present values in relation to the bond's price.
Bond Price = Present Value of Coupon Payments + Present Value of Face Value
Macaulay Duration = (Weighted Average of Present Values of Coupon Payments * Time) + (Weighted Average of Present Values of Face Value * Time)
Now, let's calculate the values:
Present Value of Coupon Payments = $120 / (1 + 10%) + $120 / (1 + 10%)^2 + $120 / (1 + 10%)^3 + $120 / (1 + 10%)^4 + $120 / (1 + 10%)^5
= $120 / 1.10 + $120 / 1.10^2 + $120 / 1.10^3 + $120 / 1.10^4 + $120 / 1.10^5
≈ $109.09 + $99.17 + $90.15 + $81.95 + $74.50
≈ $454.86
Present Value of Face Value = $1,000 / (1 + 10%)^5
≈ $620.92
Bond Price = $454.86 + $620.92
≈ $1,075.78
Macaulay Duration = ($454.86 / $1,075.78 * 1) + ($620.92 / $1,075.78 * 5)
≈ 0.4229 + 2.9032
≈ 3.3261 years
Therefore, Bond Z's Macaulay duration is approximately 3.3261 years.
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Your want to estimate the share price of JLloyd Enterprises and have collected data on two comparable companies shown below.
Comparable Share price EPS
Pad Ty $57.00 $-5.7
Sys BK $31.00 $5.07
JLloyd has Net Income of $8.4 million and 2.7 million shares. What is your estimate of JLloyd's share price?
The estimated share price of JLloyd Enterprises is -$4.50. To estimate JLloyd Enterprises' share price, we can use the price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of the comparable companies and apply it to JLloyd's earnings per share (EPS).
First, let's calculate JLloyd's EPS:
EPS = Net Income / Number of shares
EPS = $8.4 million / 2.7 million shares
EPS = $3.11
Next, let's calculate the average P/E ratio of the comparable companies:
P/E ratio = Share price / EPS
For Pad Ty:
P/E ratio = $57.00 / (-$5.7) (Note: The negative EPS might indicate a loss)
P/E ratio = -10
For Sys BK:
P/E ratio = $31.00 / $5.07
P/E ratio = 6.11
Taking the average of the P/E ratios:
Average P/E ratio = (-10 + 6.11) / 2
Average P/E ratio = -1.45
Now, let's calculate JLloyd's estimated share price:
Estimated share price = EPS * Average P/E ratio
Estimated share price = $3.11 * -1.45
Estimated share price = -$4.50
Based on the calculation, the estimated share price of JLloyd Enterprises is -$4.50. However, it's worth noting that a negative share price may not be realistic or meaningful. It's advisable to reassess the data and consider other factors before making any investment decisions.
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