Scientists make definite assumptions to maximize this aim of understanding natural world. It is presumed by scientists that:
A. Through a organised study, nature can be understood.
B. Revisions are something that scientific thoughts are open to.
C. The test of time is something that shows scientific ideas withstand to.
Laws of nature are explained as scientific laws.
Nature is thought by scientists as a single system that is handled by natural laws. Scientists tries to extend their understanding of the natural world by discovering natural laws. Scientific laws are the result of laws of nature.
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Two hundred students were surveyed to find out what color to use for the school uniform. The results of the survey are shown in the following graph. What percent of students chose the color red? A. 12% B. 8% C. 32% D. 40%
uv light, like that given off in tanning beds and from welders, causes damage to dna. this is why activities like using tanning beds and welding without protective gear are known to cause aggressive forms of deadly skin cancer. what kind of repair mechanism does your body use to try and fix the errors imposed by activities like tanning and unprotected welding?
Indirect DNA damage is caused by UVA (and UVB) radiation when photons are absorbed by chromophores that are not DNA. As a result, reactive oxygen species are produced, including singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, which damage DNA bases and result in mutations.
DNA damages caused by UV radiation fall into two categories: 6-4 photoproducts and cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers . Both of these lesions cause bends or kinks in the DNA's structure, which prevents transcription and replication.DNA is frequently damaged by UV-A radiation in an oxygen-dependent process called photosensitization. As a result, a free radical is created, which interacts with DNA bases and causes them to oxidize. When these oxidized bases couple incorrectly during replication, mutations occur.To know about UVA (and UVB) radiation
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given what you know about glycolysis and regulation of metabolism by this enzyme, what is the mechanism by which phosphofructokinase activity differs depending on atp concentration?
ADP and ATP both inhibit and activate the allosteric enzyme .
How does the enzyme phosphofructokinase control glycolysis?The ability of to control glycolysis through allosteric inhibition enables the cell to alter the rate of glycolysis in response to its need for energy. For instance, and glycolysis will be inhibited by a high ATP to ADP ratio.
The glycolytic pathway has three main enzymatic control sites. These transitions include the hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase enzymes.
This widespread is mostly due to the fact that catalyses a process that is out of equilibrium and that it displays an in tricate and sophisticated regulatory behaviour that indicates its capacity to integrate signals from several pathways.
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when observing the reactions within eukaryotic transcription you find there is a greater energy expenditure and several more enzymes and transcription factors than within prokaryotic transcription. the best explanation for this is that
The best explanation for when we observe the reactions within eukaryotic transcription as there is a greater energy expenditure and several more enzymes and transcription factors than within prokaryotic transcription.
Transcriptional elements in eukaryotes can be found far from the transcription start site because DNA is complex with chromatin in these organisms. Because transcription and translation occur at different physical locations, eukaryotic gene expression is more complex than that of prokaryotes. Eukaryotic cells can control the expression of genes at a variety of levels.
Translation starts off while the mRNA is still being created in a prokaryotic cell because transcription and translation are coupled. Although eukaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus, prokaryotes and eukaryotes carry out transcription in essentially the same way.
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What is one major difference between Semaeostome and Rhizostome jellyfish?
One significant distinction between Semaeostome and Rhizostome jellyfish is the medusa shape of the various rhizostome.
what is Medusa form?One of the two main body forms seen in members of the invertebrate animal phylum Cnidaria is the medusa in zoology. It is the jellyfish's usual shape. The bell- or umbrella-shaped medusoid body. The manubrium, a stalk-like structure with the mouth at its apex, hangs downward from the center.
Describe invertebrate?An creature without a backbone is called an invertebrate. In fact, invertebrates lack all skeletal structure. You could be familiar with invertebrates such as spider, worms, snails, lobsters, and butterflies. However, vertebrates include people and other creatures with backbones.
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thermogenesis refers to multiple choice the energy you require during sleep at night. shivering when hot and fidgeting. the inability to regulate body temperature. metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue, especially in hibernating animals.
The energy you require during sleep at night.
Shivering thermo genesis, a reaction to unexpected cold exposure, plays a significant role in increased heat generation. The method through which heat is produced via the calorigenic effect of nor epinephrine and epinephrine is known as no shivering thermo genesis,
What about thermo genesis?Thermo genesis, which takes place in specialized tissues such brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, is described as the disposal of energy through the generation of heat. The metabolic process through which organisms burn calories to produce heat is known as thermo genesis. The body generates heat through thermo genesis, to put it another way. Calorie "burning" does this. The energy required for the digestion, absorption, and elimination of consumed nutrients is known as thermo genesis or the thermic effect of food. The process through which organisms produce heat is known as thermo genesis. All warm-blooded creatures experience it, and a few thermogenic plant species like the Eastern skunk cabbage, the Voodoo lily (Sauromatum venosum), and the enormous water lilies of the genus Victoria also experience it. When combined with a healthy lifestyle, consuming a diet that contains these substances can aid in weight loss. In fact, studies suggest that taking thermogenic compounds can accelerate fat-burning by 10-16% and raise metabolic activity by 4-5%. For thermo genesis, energy balance, and metabolism, thyroid hormones (TH) are crucial. Simply told, you may assist your body burn more calories by enhancing thermo genesis, which also helps you increase your metabolism's rate. Increasing your daily energy expenditure is essential if you want to lose weight, maintain your current weight, or lose a few pounds.Learn more about thermo genesis here:
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nicotine acts in the brain by 1. enhancing gaba's inhibitory effects. 2. increasing serotonin reuptake. 3. first stimulating and then blocking cholinergic receptors. 4. reducing blood flow to the cerebral cortex.
Nicotine mainly shows its action through specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptors located in the brain. It stimulates presynaptic acetylcholine receptors thereby enhancing Ach release and metabolism.
The dopaminergic system is also stimulated by it and thus increasing the concentration of dopamine in nuclear accumbens. Nicotine induces GABA release by binding to excitatory nACh receptors located on presynaptic GABA neurons.
The serotonergic system may be involved in smoking behaviour because nicotine increases the brain's serotonin secretion, nicotine withdrawal decreases serotonin levels and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antagonises the response to nicotine.
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What is a non-example of chloroplasts in real life term?
Answer:
Mitochondria is a non-example of chloroplasts.
Explanation:
Chloroplasts are only found within Plant Matter.
rates of evolutionary change measured overshort time intervals are often very high. however, rates of evolutionary change measured over long time intervals are generally much lower. for example, see the discussion of body mass in mammals. should we expect this pattern to hold true for most characters? does this pattern imply that the evolution of major new characters, such as the wings of bats, should occur very rapidly?
Evolutionary histories are rife having alternate, stasis, and reversals.
The sample described is usually visible invarious organisms and could apply to many organismal capabilities. Comparisons of two points of a lineage may additionally show a exchange, but in between there will without a doubt additionally be intervals of stasis. The evolution of novel characteristics might arise unexpectedly. a new trait that provides a advantage.
Mammals are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the beauty Mammalia, characterised through way of the presence of mammary glands which in girls produce milk for feeding their more youthful, a neocortex, fur or hair, and 3 center ear bones.
Mammals actually play an vital function in ecosystems through supplying crucial services consisting of seed dispersal, pollination and regulating insect populations, and reducing sickness transmission and there's a few evidence that some corporations act as signs of sizable environment health.
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which of the following correctly describes one of the muscle types? a. cardiac muscle includes the heart and all of the muscles that the heart has an effect on. b. smooth muscle is the type of muscle that allows us to flex our limbs. c. hard muscle is the type of muscle responsible for contracting and extending. d. skeletal muscle is the type of muscle most people are most familiar with. submit
The sort of muscle that most people are most accustomed to is skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscles make up 30–40% of your body's overall mass.
What is the main function of skeletal muscle?Skeletal muscles are used by humans to move around and perform daily activities. They are essential to breathing mechanics and help maintain balance and posture. Additionally, they protect the vital organs of the body.
What is the composition of skeletal muscle?A single skeletal muscle might be made up of hundreds and even thousands of muscle fibers that have been bundled together and wrapped in connective tissue. Each muscle is covered by the epimysium, a sheath of connective tissue. Fascia, a connective tissue, surrounds and separates the muscles outside of the epimysium.
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in parts of asia, many fruit crops are pollinated by hand using feathers. this human method of pollination is used because
In parts of Asia, many fruit plants are pollinated by hand using feathers. This method of human pollination is used because the excessive use of pesticides has greatly reduced the bee population.
Pesticides are one of the results of modern technology that has an important role in improving people's welfare. Its use appropriately and safely is an absolute thing that must be done considering that pesticides are toxic substances. The wrong use of pesticides or their unwise management can have negative impacts, both directly and indirectly, on human health and the environment
The negative impact of excess pesticides can become dangerous pollutants for aquatic and terrestrial biota. Various wanted species were poisoned and then died. Different species of animals have different immunity. Some are sensitive, some are resistant. Young animals and larvae are animals that are sensitive to pollutants. Some animals can adapt so that they are immune to contaminants and some are not. Although animals are capable of adaptation, it must be recognized that there is a limit to the degree of adaptation of animals. If this limit is exceeded, the animal will die.
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juan studies for his biology class each day. he generally reviews material covered previously as well as the new material. he does this instead of cramming the night before the test and finds he has better retention and does better on the exams. which technique is juan using?
Juan is using Ebbinghaus' retention curve technique.
The reduction in memory retention over time is predicted by the forgetting curve, also known as Ebbinghaus' retention curve. This curve illustrates how information deteriorates over time when no effort is made to keep it. The strength of memory is a related idea that describes how long memory traces last in the brain. It demonstrates how learnt knowledge gradually fades from our minds unless we take steps to keep it there. For instance, if your company has 10 customers at the beginning of the year and loses two of them, your retention rate is 80%.
Three different methods—recall, recognition, and relearning—are used by researchers to gauge forgetting and retention.
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normally, proteins of large molecular size are not present in urine. increased amounts of proteins may appear as a result of kidney diseases in which the glomeruli are damaged or as a result of .
Because of high blood pressure or from injury to the glomeruli.
Why do proteins typically not appear in urine samples?There is protein in the blood, but healthy kidneys should only remove very little amounts (traces) of it through the filters into the urine (glomeruli). Protein loss in the urine is not typical.
What are the proteins found in typical urine?You typically have a very small amount of protein in your urine. If your urine contains a lot of protein (proteinuria), your kidneys may be the source of the issue. Your kidneys are a set of organs that purify surplus water and waste from your blood to create urine.
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condition associated with sideropenia, causing deficient production of hemoglobin: a.iron deficiency anemia b.pernicious anemia c.hemolytic anemia d.thalassemia e.aplastic anemia
Condition associated with sideropenia, causing deficient production of hemoglobin "aplastic anemia".
People having pernicious anemia frequently have extremely low hemoglobin levels but little hemoglobin-related symptoms, like exhaustion. Additionally, they can have low numbers of platelets, which are necessary to clot blood as well as stop bleeding, and white blood cells, which are crucial in fighting infections.
Megaloblastic anaemia can have a variety of reasons, but the most frequent one in children is a folic acid or vitamin B-12 deficiency. These are some additional sources of megaloblastic anaemia: intestinal ailments Megaloblastic anaemia can be caused by specific lower digestive tract illnesses.
Therefore, the correct answer will be (e)
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Select all the differences between DNA and RNA.
a
RNA contains one strand of nucleotides, and DNA has two.
b
DNA contains two strands of nucleotides, and RNA has four.
c
In RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil.
d
DNA is contained only within the nucleus and RNA is not.
e
RNA is more complex than is DNA because of its multiple forms.
f
In DNA, guanine is replaced by uracil.
Answer:
In RNA thymine is replaced by uracil
(Decreases, increases)
(Under the surface, in the atmosphere)
(Decreases, increases)
(Under the surface, in the atmosphere)
When humans burn the fossil then it increases the amount of carbon that is stored under the surface and increases the amount of carbon flowing in the atmosphere, This is totally like burning of fuels and combustion.
What is combustion ?It is defined as the process which involves the burning of carbon sources and it is of two types that is complete and incomplete.
When the fossil fuels such as petroleum, natural gases and fuel with the coal as well is burned out in atmosphere then in this condition it obviously increases the amount of carbon out in nature and decreases the carbon availability down the Earth.
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in an actively contracting skeletal muscle cell, what would cause a decrease in the rate of glucose diffusion into the cell?
Hexokinase would cause a decrease in the rate of glucose diffusion into the cell in an actively contracting skeletal muscle cell.
What is the Hexokinase?Hexokinase is a glycolytic enzyme that is able to decrease the rate of glucose diffusion into the cell because catalyzes the generation of glucose 6 phosphate from glucose, and therefore it decreases its level in the cell.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the rate of glucose diffusion into the cell can be influenced by the Hexokinase enzyme which uses glucose to generate glucose 6 phosphate.
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The diagram below shows how a nerve impulse passing along a relay neurone causes an impulse to be sent along another type of neurone, neurone X.
What type of neurone is neurone X?
The type of neuron that is the X neuron is that it is a motor neuron.
What is a motor neuron?It is a type of neuron located in the peripheral nervous system which will project its axon towards a muscle or towards a gland, therefore it is part of the efferent system. So there are somatic, special visceral and general visceral types.
Motor neurons have as their function the mobility of the tissues to which they go in order to generate different functions. It will carry the information that comes from the descending pathways of the spinal cord.
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which of the following is inconsistent with the punctuated equilibrium model? multiple choice it is difficult to determine when speciation occurred. transitional fossils are less likely to be found. speciation often occurs rapidly. there is a period of no change interrupted by speciation. it often involves an isolated subpopulation.
Many of the theory's detractors said that punctuated equilibrium has never adequately explained how the significant changes depicted in the fossil record could have occurred in such a brief period of time.
Does punctuated equilibrium remain steady and reliable?Environmental conditions are thought to be constant in punctuated equilibrium. The ecosystem can, however, potentially alter as a result of climatic changes or the arrival of new predators. Additionally, it may highlight recent changes in a population that inhabits that area.
What is an illustration of a punctuated equilibrium?Punctuated equilibrium develops as a result of faster genetic variation transmission, which speeds up speciation and evolution. Examples of punctuated equilibrium can be found in the fossils of tyrannosaurids and mollusks in the Turkana Basin.
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a 40-year-old black man is in the office for his annual physical. which statement regarding the prostate-specific antigen (psa) blood test is true, according to the american cancer society? the psa:
The Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test is true according to the American Cancer Society if should be done at age 45 years.
What are the American Cancer Society recommendations for Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)?The Аmericаn Cаncer Society (АCS) recommends thаt men hаve а chаnce to mаke аn informed decision with their heаlth cаre provider аbout whether to be screened for prostаte cаncer.
Аge 50 for men who аre аt аverаge risk of prostаte cаncer аnd аre expected to live аt leаst 10 more yeаrs.Аge 45 for men аt high risk of developing prostаte cаncer. This includes Аfricаn Аmericаns аnd men who hаve а first-degree relаtive (fаther or brother) diаgnosed with prostаte cаncer аt аn eаrly аge (younger thаn аge 65).Аge 40 for men аt even higher risk (those with more thаn one first-degree relаtive who hаd prostаte cаncer аt аn eаrly аge).Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full choices were
A) should be done with this visit.
B) should be done at age 45 years.
C) should be done at age 50 years.
D) is only necessary if there is a family history of prostate cancer.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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foreign material that invades the body: a.granulocytes b.macrophages c.antigens d.antibodies e.neutrophils
Foreign material that invades the body is c. antigens.
In the field of science, an antigen can be described as a foreign material that infects the body of a person. In response to an antigen, the immune system gets activated to attack it.
Antibodies are those proteins that the body of a person makes in response to an antigen. An antigen can be any disease-causing microorganism such as a bacteria or virus.
Some antigens may be more infectious than others.
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what is the energy required for seaweed and tubeworms ?
Answer:
Plants absorb energy from sunlight, take in carbon dioxide from the air through their leaves, take up water through their roots, and produce glucose and oxygen.
Explanation:
Seaweeds get their food through the process of photosynthesis, which uses energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide into organic molecules, and produces the by-product oxygen. “Seaweed” is the common name for countless species of marine algae that grow in the sea. They produce oxygen by photosynthesizing energy from the sun, just like plants do on land.They are a bit like photosynthetic plants, but instead of using energy from light (like plants do to make food from carbon dioxide), they use energy from chemicals present in the cold seeps and hydrothermal vents. Tubeworms use hydrogen sulfide as an energy source, which is the same chemical emitted by a rotten egg. They are one of the few creatures on Earth that do not need to rely on the Sun for energy. Tubeworms take up sulphide from the sediments through root-like structures, which are at least as long as the tube projecting above the ocean floor.which one of the following is most associated with an air-pollution disaster like the one in 1948 in donora, pennsylvania? a. high winds b. temperature inversion c. increased industrial production d. shutdown of a power plant
Temperature inversion causes air pollution disasters like the one that occurred in Donora, Pennsylvania, in 1948. (option b).
Is it comfortable or frigid at 60 degrees?Is 60 degrees warm or chilly, you might be wondering. 60 degrees is typically considered to be mid-temperature. 60 degrees is roughly in the midpoint of the US's temperature range, which extends from below negative to over one hundred.
Is 65 degrees too chilly for a home?Your apartment or home might not be warm enough just to keep you safe even if you keep it between 60°F and 65°F. If you live alone, this is a particular issue because no one else will feel how cold the house is or detect if you are showing signs of hypothermia.
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1. signaling in microbes has much in common with processes in multicellular organisms. what does this suggest about its evolutionary origin?
Signaling in microbe suggest the evolutionary origin of signaling mechanism.
What is signaling mechanism?
The signaling process is chemical in nature (i.e., paracrine) and includes the capacity of the ENS for intelligent interpretation of antigen-evoked mast cell signals in addition to the specialized antigen sensing functions of intestinal mast cells.
What is signaling in microbes?
Through the secretion of quorum sensing, electrodes produce mature and durable biofilm (QS).Microbial electrochemical technique (MET) with QS assistance for energy recovery is listed.Recovery of values with comprehensive wastewater treatment via METs is explained.Quorum quenching (QQ) modulation in MET is claimed to cause anti-membrane biofouling.Therefore, bacterial QS and QQ control can help create self-sustaining MET.Therefore, signaling in microbes shows the evolutionary origin of signaling mechanism.
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the irish potato famine was caused by a pathogen that quickly and successfully infected and killed millions of potato plants in ireland. based on the speed and ability of the pathogen to infect the plants, what kind of farming technique was likely implemented by the irish?
Monoculture is the farming technique was likely implemented by the Irish.
In agriculture, monoculture is the exercise of developing one crop species in a discipline at a time. Monoculture is broadly utilized in extensive farming and in natural farming: each a 1,000-acre cornfield and a 10-hectare discipline of natural kale are monocultures
Therefore, the correct option is a).
Complete question is
The Irish potato famine was caused by a pathogen that quickly and successfully infected and killed millions of potato plants in Ireland. based on the speed and ability of the pathogen to infect the plants, what kind of farming technique was likely implemented by the Irish?
a) monoculture
b) organic
c) sustainable
d) intercropping
e) strip cropping
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19.in the context of molecular genetics, how does one reconcile the terms overlapping genes and nonoverlapping code?
A DNA sequence can contain many gene products (overlapping genes), but no one nucleotide can be used by more than one codon at a period (i.e., genetic code is non overlapping).
What does mean by overlapping?1: to cross or surpass and encompass a portion of There are gaps between the roof shingles. 2: to share a characteristic with the baseball season, which begins in September and ends with the football season. unchanging verb. 1: to partially occupy the same space The two towns are adjacent.
What is overlapping explain their types?The overlapping orbitals sigma () and pi () are of two different sorts. Two orbital angular momentum, one on each atom, that overlap to produce both bonds.
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when the spinal cord is damaged, the region of the spinal cord affected determines the region of the body that is impaired. which feature does not contribute to this connection?
rganization of ganglia within the brain.
A column of nerve tissue that runs from the base of the skull down the center of the returned. It is blanketed via three thin layers of shielding tissue referred to as membranes. The spinal twine and membranes are surrounded by means of the vertebrae (back bones). The spinal cord and the mind make up the primary anxious device (CNS).
The spinal cord is a long, skinny, tubular structure made up of fearful tissue, which extends from the medulla oblongata within the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column (spine). The spine encloses the primary canal of the spinal cord, which incorporates cerebrospinal fluid.
Like the brain, the spinal twine includes grey and white rely. The butterfly-formed middle of the wire includes grey remember.
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a substance or part of a substance (living or nonliving) that is recognized as foreign by the immune system, activates the immune system, and reacts with immune cells or their products is a/an:
A substance or part of a substance that is recognized foreign by the immune system, activates the immune system, and reacts with immune cells or their products is antigen.
What are antigens?Any substance that the immune system can recognize and that can stimulate an immune response are called antigens. B lymphocytes are white blood cells that generate antibodies specific to the antigen that stimulated their production.
Antigen is a substance that is capable of stimulating an immune response, hence activating lymphocytes that are the body's infection-fighting white blood cells. Two main divisions of antigens that are recognized are: foreign antigens and autoantigens.
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a microbiologist wants to estimate the concentration of a certain type of bacterium in a waste-water sample. she puts a 0.5 ml sample of the wastewater on a microscope slide and counts 39 bacteria. estimate the concentration of bacteria, per ml, in this wastewater, and find the uncertainty in the estimate.
The uncertainty of getting bacterial concentration in wastewater is pretty low as wastewater contains more bacteria and number of bacteria in per ml is 7.8
Estimating the microbial concentration in a sample is determined by various methods like - pour plating, spread plating and serial dilution. In estimation of microbial concentration, we need nutrient broth and an inoculum (a sample from where the sample will be taken and inoculated).
In the given condition we have 0.5 ml of sample and the microscopic counts of 39 bacteria at a time.
Therefore, for the number of bacteria = 39 and
solution = 0.5ml.
39/0.5 = 7.8
Therefore, the number of bacteria per ml of solution is 7.8
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you have discovered an organism that lives inside the gastrointestinal tract and does not contain a nucleus. based on what you know of cellular respiration, how does it obtain its energy?
an organism that lives inside the gastrointestinal tract and does not contain a nucleus. Based on cellular respiration, it obtains its energy through glycolysis.
Glycolysis is a series of reactions that converts glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, each with three carbons. Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that has been around for a very long time and is used by the great majority of living things on the earth today.
In living things, the process of cellular respiration begins with glycolysis. However, since glycolysis doesn't require oxygen, a lot of anaerobic organisms—organisms that don't use oxygen—also have this pathway.
The complete question is:
You have discovered an organism that lives inside the gastrointestinal tract and does not contain a nucleus. Based on what you know of cellular respiration, how does it obtain its energy?
a. glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
b. photosynthesis and the citric acid cycle
c. glycolysis
d. photosynthesis
e. glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain
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