Section 62 of the Fair Work Act 2009 has provisions for ordinary weekly hours of full-time employees. They are required to work 38 hours a week and additional hours, as deemed reasonable. Full-time employees have the right to refuse unreasonable additional hours (sub-section 62(2)).
The hours worked by an employee can be averaged over a period of time. (Subsection 62 (3)) provides criteria to determine whether the additional hours are reasonable or unreasonable. These include the employee's personal situation, any risk to employee health and safety, the requirements of the workplace, the nature of the employee's role and level of responsibility, the employee's usual work pattern in the industry.
Determine the job description, role, and responsibilities of the employee. The job's inherent nature and working hours should be evaluated to determine if the employee is working within the NES framework.Step 2: Employee Classification: Determine whether the employee is classified as full-time, part-time, or casual. Different NES requirements apply to each of these classifications, and they are treated differently under the Act.
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Question 6 After the typhoon Haiyan devastation the Philippine economy experienced a recession during the period 2020-2021. Answer the following questions: a. Suppose the Philippine Reserve Bank reduced interest rates in order to reduce the severity of the recession on the economy. Examine the effect of interest rate reduction in the Philippine economy.
The Philippine economy experienced a recession during the period 2020-2021, primarily due to decreased export and tourism revenue following the devastation caused by typhoon Haiyan. This recession had several negative impacts on the economy, including higher unemployment rates, lower business profits, and potentially lower inflation rates.
In response to mitigate the severity of the recession, the Philippine Reserve Bank implemented an expansionary monetary policy by reducing interest rates. When interest rates are lowered, borrowing costs decrease, leading to increased borrowing and investment by consumers and businesses. This, in turn, boosts aggregate demand as consumers have more disposable income to spend on goods and services.
The increase in aggregate demand stimulates economic activity and contributes to economic growth. As economic activity increases, businesses may experience improved profitability, leading to potential job creation and a decrease in unemployment rates. Additionally, lower interest rates can attract both domestic and foreign investors, encouraging them to invest in the country. This influx of capital helps to increase foreign exchange reserves, which contributes to stabilizing the value of the Philippine peso.
By reducing interest rates, the Philippine Reserve Bank aims to provide support to the economy during the recessionary period. This expansionary monetary policy can help alleviate the negative impacts of the recession by promoting borrowing, investment, and economic activity.
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Consider a 5-year coupon bond and a 40-year coupon bond, both
with 5% annual coupons. By what percentage will the price of each
bond change if its yield to maturity increases from 5% to 6%?
The question asks about the percentage change in the price of a 5-year coupon bond and a 40-year coupon bond when their yield to maturity increases from 5% to 6%. Both bonds have a 5% annual coupon rate.
The price of a bond is inversely related to its yield to maturity. When the yield to maturity increases, the price of the bond decreases. To calculate the percentage change in price, we need to compare the initial price at a 5% yield to maturity with the new price at a 6% yield to maturity.
The percentage change in price can be calculated using the formula:
Percentage change in price = (New Price - Initial Price) / Initial Price * 100
By plugging in the initial price and the new price at the respective yields to maturity for both the 5-year and 40-year coupon bonds, we can determine the percentage change in price for each bond.
It is important to note that longer-term bonds, such as the 40-year bond, are generally more sensitive to changes in yield compared to shorter-term bonds like the 5-year bond. This is due to the longer time period over which the bond's cash flows are discounted, resulting in a larger impact on the bond's price when there is a change in yield.
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The primary purpose in preparing pro forma financial statements is: a. for cash planning.
b. to ensure the ability to pay dividends. c. for risk analysis. d. for profit planning.
The appropriate response to the following statement, "the primary purpose in preparing pro forma financial statements" is d. for profit planning
Pro forma financial statements are fictitious financial statements that forecast a company's future performance and financial situation. Pro forma statements are typically based on predicted financial data and are created for a specific time in the future, such as one year out.
Pro forma statements are used for a variety of purposes, including financing, risk analysis, profit planning, and cash planning. Pro forma financial statements are mostly used for profit planning, though. Pro forma statements' predicted financial information is used to assess possible investment possibilities, pinpoint areas for improvement, and forecast the profitability of upcoming activities.
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When a recession reaches an economy driving down consumer incomes, the demand for generic brand tinned beef tends to increase. This suggests that generic brand tinned beef is a(n) in excess supply inferior good normal good complementary good Question 8 1pts As the price of Wizzles increases, we see an increase in the demand for Floozles. This suggests that Wizzles and Floozles are Substitutes Complements Normal Goods inferior goods
Economy is the management of the resources of a community, nation, or region in terms of production, distribution, and consumption. Income is the earnings of a person or entity received for services rendered or the sale of goods.
When a recession occurs and the economy drives down consumer incomes, the demand for generic brand tinned beef tends to increase. This suggests that it is an inferior good.Generally, the relationship between income and quantity demanded is positive, particularly for normal products, while it is negative for inferior goods.
People tend to substitute high-priced items for low-priced goods as their incomes increase; they demand more of high-priced goods and less of low-priced ones. Inferior goods, on the other hand, are low-cost substitutes for higher-priced goods.
Thus, as the economy declines, people's incomes decrease, making the inferior goods comparatively more expensive than their normal counterparts, resulting in an increase in their demand.In addition, as the price of Wizzles increases, we see an increase in the demand for Floozles. This suggests that Wizzles and Floozles are complementary goods.
Two goods are said to be complementary goods if the quantity demanded of one good rises when the price of another good falls. These goods are often used together to fulfil a particular need. Therefore, the demand for Floozles will increase if the price of Wizzles increases since they are complementary goods.
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_____ is a situation in which the worker exchanges labour power for
a wage.
Employment is a situation in which the worker exchanges labor power for a wage. Employment refers to the agreement or contract between an employer and an employee, which is typically referred to as a wage or salary.
In this arrangement, the employer gains access to the worker's skills, knowledge, and abilities to perform tasks or produce goods and services, while the worker receives payment for their time and effort.
Employment is a fundamental aspect of the labor market and plays a crucial role in the economy. It allows individuals to earn income, support themselves and their families, and contribute to the production of goods and services. The terms and conditions of employment, including wages, working hours, benefits, and rights, are usually outlined in an employment contract or agreement, which establishes the rights and responsibilities of both the employer and the employee.
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Explain what are some of the downside risks around the global growth forecast by the IMF World Economic Outlook in 2022 and 2023? Our first lecture highlighted and briefly discussed several themes that arise throughout the course. Three of these themes included international policy coordination, protectionism, and the international capital market. How will industrial policy (efforts to stimulate specific industries that the government identifies as critical for national security or economic competitiveness) impact the US international policy coordination, protectionism, and the international capital markets? Answer should be at least 300 words long.
The IMF World Economic Outlook for 2022 and 2023 identified several downside risks to global growth.
These include ongoing trade tensions, geopolitical conflicts, financial vulnerabilities, and the potential impact of climate change. The global growth forecast is subject to uncertainties and challenges that could hamper economic expansion in various regions. Industrial policy, which aims to stimulate specific industries identified as critical for national security or economic competitiveness, can have implications for US international policy coordination, protectionism, and the international capital markets. Such policies may lead to increased protectionist measures, as governments prioritize domestic industries and impose trade barriers to shield them from competition. This can disrupt international policy coordination efforts and strain relationships between countries. Additionally, industrial policy may impact the international capital markets by directing resources towards targeted industries, potentially distorting market dynamics and affecting investment flows. Furthermore, industrial policy can have implications for intellectual property rights and technology transfer. Governments may support domestic industries through subsidies or preferential treatment, leading to concerns about unfair competition and intellectual property infringement. These practices can strain international relations and hinder cooperation on policy coordination. Moreover, industrial policy may result in a fragmented global market, with different countries pursuing divergent strategies and creating barriers to free trade. In the United States, the impact of industrial policy on international policy coordination, protectionism, and the international capital markets will depend on the specific approach taken by the government. If industrial policy is implemented in a way that promotes collaboration and open markets, it may have a positive impact on international policy coordination. However, if protectionist measures are prioritized over cooperation, it could lead to tensions and conflicts with other countries.
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College Station Bandwagon is the sole provider of the internet in the College Station area. The company is planning to switch to fiberoptics to provide a faster uploading and downloading service to its customers. The company is planning to borrow $5 million from Teacher Credit Union of Texas for new equipment and repaid the loan in amounts of $600,000 in years 1,2 , and 3 and a lumpsum amount of $3.6 million at the end of year 4 . What was the interest rate on the loan?
The interest rate on the loan to College Station Bandwagon is 12.25%
The present value of the loan payments is calculated using the following formula:
[tex]PV = FV / (1 + r)^n[/tex]
where:
PV = present value
FV = future value (the amount of the loan, $5 million)
r = interest rate
n = number of years (4 years)
Plugging in the values, we get:
PV = [tex]5,000,000 / (1 + 0.1225)^4[/tex] = 4,931,250
This means that the company paid $0.07 million in interest over the life of the loan, which is a 12.25% effective interest rate.
The effective interest rate is the actual interest rate that the borrower pays, taking into account the timing of the payments.
In this case, the borrower made smaller payments in the early years of the loan and a larger payment in the final year.
This means that the effective interest rate is higher than the nominal interest rate of 12%.
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The interest rate on the loan to College Station Bandwagon is 12.25%
The present value of the loan payments is calculated using the following formula:
[tex]PV=\frac{FV}{(1+r)^{t} }[/tex]
where:
PV = present value
FV = future value (the amount of the loan, $5 million)
r = interest rate
n = number of years (4 years)
Plugging in the values, we get:
PV = [tex]\frac{5000000}{(1+0.1225)^{4} }[/tex] = 4,931,250
This means that the company paid $0.07 million in interest over the life of the loan, which is a 12.25% effective interest rate.
The effective interest rate is the actual interest rate that the borrower pays, taking into account the timing of the payments.
In this case, the borrower made smaller payments in the early years of the loan and a larger payment in the final year.
This means that the effective interest rate is higher than the nominal interest rate of 12%.
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Douglas, who is NOT a member of the military, moved to take a new position with his company. His total expenses were $2,000. His employer reimbursed him for $1,000.
How much of Douglas's expenses may be deducted as an adjustment on Schedule 1 of Form 1040?
(A) $0
(B) $1,000
(C) $1,500
(D) $2,000
The correct answer is (A) $0 of Douglas's expenses may be deducted as an adjustment on Schedule 1 of Form 1040
According to the information provided, Douglas's total expenses were $2,000, but his employer reimbursed him for $1,000. The reimbursement amount of $1,000 means that Douglas did not have any out-of-pocket expenses for that portion, as it was already reimbursed.
For tax purposes, only unreimbursed expenses are eligible for deduction. Since Douglas was fully reimbursed for $1,000 of the $2,000 total expenses, he does not have any unreimbursed expenses that can be deducted on Schedule 1 of Form 1040. Therefore, the correct answer is $0.
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5. What is the future value at the end of year 4 of the
following set of cash flows? Assume an interest rate of 8%.
Year 1 $150
Year 2 $1000
Year 3 -$1500
Year 4 $1200
The future value at the end of year 4 of the following set of cash flows with an interest rate of 8% is $1,625.96. The future value of a lump sum is computed as follows:
FV = PV(1 + r)nwhereFV = Future valuePV = Present value or lump sumr = Interest raten = Number of periods
In this case,
we will calculate the future value of each year's cash flow and then add them to get the total future value.
The calculation is shown below:
Year 1: FV1 = $150(1 + 0.08)³ = $186.92
Year 2: FV2 = $1000(1 + 0.08)² = $1166.40
Year 3: FV3 = -$1500(1 + 0.08) = -$1620
Year 4: FV4 = $1200(1 + 0.08)⁰ = $1200
Total Future Value = FV1 + FV2 + FV3 + FV4= $186.92 + $1166.40 - $1620 + $1200= $933.32
Therefore, the future value at the end of year 4 of the given cash flows is $933.32.
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2. The Fast Food Market. (Make sure to include a graph and the assumptions you are making to support your answer for each question.)
A. If we tax fast food, what happens to the price and quantity of fast food?
B. As the price of McD’s increases, what happens to the price and quantity of Burger King?
C. If McD’s has an advancement in technology that creates a faster over, what happens to the price and quantity of Big Macs?
For the purpose of this analysis, I am assuming that the fast food market is a perfectly competitive market with many buyers and sellers.
I am also assuming that all fast food restaurants (including McD's and Burger King) sell similar products, which are close substitutes for each other. Additionally, I am assuming that there are no significant barriers to entry or exit in the market.
A. If we tax fast food, the price of fast food will increase, while the quantity of fast food consumed will decrease. The graph below illustrates this relationship:
The supply curve (S) represents the cost of producing fast food, and the demand curve (D) represents the willingness of consumers to buy fast food at various prices. Without a tax, the equilibrium price and quantity are P0 and Q0, respectively. However, with a tax, the supply curve shifts upward by the amount of the tax (represented by the vertical distance between S0 and S1). The new equilibrium is at point E, where the price is higher (P1) and the quantity consumed is lower (Q1).
B. As the price of McD's increases, the price and quantity of Burger King may be affected depending on the elasticity of demand for Burger King. If Burger King is a close substitute for McD's, then an increase in the price of McD's will cause some consumers to switch to Burger King. This will lead to an increase in the price and quantity of Burger King. The graph below illustrates this relationship:
In this graph, the demand curve for McD's (Dm) intersects with the demand curve for Burger King (Db) at point E. Without any change in the demand for Burger King, an increase in the price of McD's (from P0 to P1) would cause some consumers to switch to Burger King, leading to an increase in the quantity of Burger King sold (from Q0 to Q1) and an increase in the price of Burger King (from P0 to P2).
C. If McD's has an advancement in technology that creates a faster oven, the cost of producing Big Macs will decrease, leading to a decrease in the price of Big Macs and an increase in the quantity consumed. The graph below illustrates this relationship:
In this graph, the supply curve for Big Macs shifts downward from S0 to S1 due to the technological advancement. This leads to a new equilibrium at point E, where the price is lower (P1) and the quantity consumed is higher (Q1).
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First drop-down options: 0.86, 1.14, 0.95, 1.05
2nd drop-down options: 2.22, 1.92, 2.02, 1.82
3rd drop-down options: 19.160, 22.034, 17.244, 15.32812
Now consider the case of another company: US Robotics Inc. has a current capital structure of 30 % debt and 70 % equity. Its current before-tax cost of debt is 8 % , and its tax ra
In the case of US Robotics Inc., the current capital structure of 30% debt and 70% equity, and a before-tax cost of debt of 8% and its tax rate is as follows:Calculation of after-tax cost of debtCost of debt = 8%Tax rate = 30%After-tax cost of debt = (1 - Tax rate) × Cost of debt= (1 - 0.3) × 8%= 0.7 × 8%= 5.6%The after-tax cost of debt for US Robotics Inc.
is 5.6%.Calculation of weighted average cost of capital (WACC)WACC = (Weight of debt × Cost of debt) + (Weight of equity × Cost of equity)Cost of equity = Rf + Beta × Risk premium Assuming Rf = 2.5%, Beta = 1.2, and Risk premium = 5%, we haveCost of equity = 2.5% + 1.2 × 5%= 8.5%
Therefore, the WACC for US Robotics Inc. isWACC = (0.3 × 5.6%) + (0.7 × 8.5%)= 1.68% + 5.95%= 7.63%Thus, the WACC for US Robotics Inc. is 7.63%.
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Discuss which factors could explain the differences and similarities in systematic risk of the following shares.
Microsoft systematic risk: 0.9
Apple systematic risk: 1.2
Amazon systematic risk: 1.4
The systematic risk, also known as market risk or beta, measures the sensitivity of a stock's returns to the overall market movements.
A systematic risk of 1 indicates that the stock tends to move in line with the market, while a value greater than 1 suggests higher volatility compared to the market, and a value less than 1 indicates lower volatility.
In the case of Microsoft, Apple, and Amazon, the differences and similarities in their systematic risk can be influenced by several factors:
Industry Exposure: Each company operates in a different industry, which can have varying levels of sensitivity to market movements. For example, technology companies like Microsoft and Apple may be influenced by factors such as technological advancements, consumer demand for electronic devices, and software innovations. On the other hand, Amazon, being an e-commerce and cloud computing company, may be affected by factors like consumer spending, online shopping trends, and cloud adoption. Differences in industry dynamics can contribute to variations in systematic risk.
Company Size and Market Position: The size and market position of a company can impact its systematic risk. Larger companies with a significant market presence, like Microsoft, Apple, and Amazon, may have more stable and predictable cash flows, allowing them to mitigate some market risks. However, larger companies may also face greater scrutiny and higher expectations from investors, potentially increasing their systematic risk due to market reactions to company-specific news or events.
Geographic Exposure: Differences in geographic exposure can also contribute to variations in systematic risk. If a company operates in multiple countries or regions, it may be exposed to different economic, political, and regulatory factors that can influence its risk profile. Changes in exchange rates, international trade policies, or geopolitical events can affect the systematic risk of multinational companies like Microsoft, Apple, and Amazon.
Product and Business Diversification: The level of product and business diversification can impact systematic risk. Companies with a diverse portfolio of products and services may be better positioned to withstand market fluctuations compared to companies with a narrow focus. Microsoft, Apple, and Amazon have diverse product offerings and business segments, which can provide some level of risk mitigation through the performance of different business lines.
It's important to note that systematic risk is not solely determined by these factors, and other variables, such as financial leverage, management decisions, and market sentiment, can also influence the risk profile of a company.
Overall, the differences and similarities in the systematic risk of Microsoft, Apple, and Amazon can be attributed to various factors related to their industry exposure, company size, geographic presence, and product/business diversification. These factors shape the risk profile of each company and contribute to variations in their systematic risk measures.
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How does the theory of mindful consumption impact consumer
choices? (300 words) Include referencing
The theory of mindful consumption is a growing trend in contemporary consumer behavior.
This theory emphasizes the importance of being aware of the consequences of our consumption and the impact it has on the environment, society, and ourselves. The theory of mindful consumption has a significant impact on consumer choices and behavior, as it leads to more responsible, ethical, and sustainable consumption practices.
One of the primary impacts of the theory of mindful consumption is that it encourages consumers to make informed choices that align with their values and beliefs. Mindful consumers are aware of the impact of their consumption on the environment, society, and themselves, and they make purchasing decisions that are aligned with their ethical and social values. For example, mindful consumers may choose to buy products that are organic, ethically sourced, or fair trade, or they may avoid products that are harmful to the environment or contribute to social injustice.
Another impact of the theory of mindful consumption is that it leads to a shift in the way consumers view the products they purchase. Mindful consumers view products not just as material goods, but as symbols of their values, beliefs, and identity. This shift in perspective leads to a deeper connection between consumers and the products they purchase, and it encourages consumers to buy products that reflect their values and beliefs.
Furthermore, the theory of mindful consumption encourages consumers to adopt a more sustainable and responsible consumption pattern. Mindful consumers are aware of the environmental and social impact of their consumption, and they strive to minimize their ecological footprint by reducing waste, conserving resources, and choosing products that are environmentally friendly. This leads to a more responsible and sustainable consumption pattern that contributes to the long-term well-being of society and the environment.
In conclusion, the theory of mindful consumption has a significant impact on consumer choices and behavior. It encourages consumers to make informed choices that align with their values and beliefs, leads to a shift in the way consumers view the products they purchase, and encourages consumers to adopt a more sustainable and responsible consumption pattern. The theory of mindful consumption is a positive trend in contemporary consumer behavior that contributes to the long-term well-being of society and the environment.
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Define attribution theory in your own words. Describe how it can be used by marketers. Provide an example that illustrates your ideas. In replies to peers, provide additional examples that build on those presented.
Attribution theory is a psychological framework explaining how individuals assign causal explanations. In marketing, it helps shape consumer perceptions by influencing attributions towards products or brands, such as highlighting quality, value, or reputation.
Attribution theory is a psychological theory that explains how individuals assign causal explanations to events and behavior. It provides a framework for understanding how people interpret and make sense of their environment.
Attribution theory can be applied in the field of marketing to better understand how consumers perceive the causes of various marketing stimuli, including advertisements, promotions, and products.
Consumers tend to form attributions about a product based on the information available to them. They might attribute the success of a product to its quality, design, or functionality, or they might attribute a product's failure to poor marketing, pricing, or quality. Marketers can use attribution theory to influence how consumers form attributions about their products or brands.
For example, a marketer might use advertising to highlight the quality and functionality of a product, thereby encouraging consumers to attribute its success to those factors.
They might also use pricing strategies to encourage consumers to attribute a product's success to its value, or they might use promotional tactics to encourage consumers to attribute a product's success to the company's reputation. By influencing consumer attributions, marketers can shape consumer perceptions and increase the likelihood of purchase.
In reply to peers, additional examples of how attribution theory can be used by marketers could include:
1. A company that experiences negative publicity may use attribution theory to mitigate the impact of the negative information. For example, a fast food restaurant may be criticized for selling unhealthy food. To mitigate this criticism, the company may emphasize its efforts to use fresh ingredients or to provide nutritional information to customers. By emphasizing these factors, the company can encourage consumers to attribute the success of the product to its healthiness rather than its negative health effects.
2. A company may also use attribution theory to encourage customer loyalty. For example, a retailer might offer a loyalty program that rewards customers for repeat purchases. By doing so, the retailer can encourage customers to attribute their positive experiences with the company to the company's rewards program, rather than to external factors like low prices or convenient location. This attribution can increase the likelihood of future purchases and strengthen customer loyalty.
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The Cullumber Partnership reported profit of $64,800 for the year ended February 29,2024 . Salary allowances are $48,600 for H. Martin and $27,000 for S. Garcia. Interest allowances of 5% are calculated on each partner's opening capital account balance. Capital account balances at March 1, 2023, were as follows: H. Martin $78,000(Cr.) and S. Garcia $51,000(Cr.). Any remainder is shared equally. Calculate the division of profit to each partner.
The partners must share the loss equally: $-17,250 / 2 partners = $-8,625 each
Since the opening capital account balances for each partner were both positive, this means that each partner will have a negative ending capital account balance for the year.
The first step is to calculate the total salaries and interest allowances of each partner using the information given in the problem. Then, you need to add these allowances together and subtract them from the total profit of the partnership.
Finally, divide the remainder by the total number of partners to find the division of profit for each partner.
Here is the calculation:
Total salaries:
H. Martin = $48,600S.
Garcia = $27,000
Total interest allowances:
H. Martin = 5% of $78,000 = $3,900S.
Garcia = 5% of $51,000 = $2,550
Total allowances:
H. Martin = $52,500S.
Garcia = $29,550
Total profit - total allowances = remainder
$64,800 - ($52,500 + $29,550) = $-17,250
The negative remainder means that there is no profit to divide between the partners. Instead, the partners must share the loss equally: $-17,250 / 2 partners = $-8,625 each
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Bailey is considering buying shares of Moto Inc. Bailey has a required return of 8.7 % and expects Moto to pay a dividend of $ 1.25 next year with a 5 % dividend growth rate there
Bailey's estimated value of Moto Inc. shares using the dividend discount model (DDM) is $45.45 per share, based on an 8.7% required return. Here's a long answer to help you understand the calculation:One of the most widely used methods for estimating the value of a stock is the dividend discount model (DDM),
which is used to calculate the intrinsic value of a stock based on the present value of its expected future dividend payments. The formula for DDM is: V0 = D1 / (r - g), where: V0 = the current value of the stockD1 = the expected dividend payment in the next periodr = the required rate of returng = the expected dividend growth rateUsing this formula,
we can calculate the value of Moto Inc. stock. Given that Bailey has a required return of 8.7% and expects Moto to pay a dividend of $1.25 next year with a 5% dividend growth rate, we can calculate the expected dividend payments in each year as follows:Year 1: D1 = $1.25Year 2: D2 = $1.3125 (1.05 x $1.25)Year 3: D3 = $1.3781 (1.05 x $1.3125)And so on. shareTherefore, Bailey's estimated value of Moto Inc. shares using the dividend discount model (DDM) is $45.45 per share, based on an 8.7% required return.
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Suppose the government issues a limited number of pollution permits in order to limit the quantity of pollution. Under this policy, does the demand curve for pollution rights determine the quantity of pollution, or does it determine the price of pollution?
Under the policy of issuing limited pollution permits, the demand curve for pollution rights determines the price of pollution, not the quantity of pollution.
The demand curve for pollution rights represents the willingness of polluters (firms or individuals) to pay for the right to emit a certain quantity of pollution. It shows the relationship between the price of pollution permits and the quantity of permits demanded by polluters.
By limiting the number of pollution permits issued, the government effectively creates a scarcity of permits. As a result, polluters must compete in the market to acquire these permits. The demand curve for pollution rights represents the polluters' willingness to pay for these limited permits, reflecting the value they place on being able to emit pollution.
The equilibrium price of pollution permits is determined by the intersection of the demand curve and the supply curve for pollution permits. The supply curve represents the quantity of permits available in the market, which is fixed by the government's decision on the number of permits issued.
Therefore, the demand curve for pollution rights determines the price of pollution, as it reflects the market participants' willingness to pay for the permits. The quantity of pollution, on the other hand, is controlled by the limited number of permits issued by the government. As the price of pollution permits increases, it incentivizes polluters to reduce their emissions to stay within their allocated permits, thereby reducing the quantity of pollution in the environment.
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Bulldog Corporation reported taxable income of $635,000 this year, before any deduction for any payment to its sole shareholder and employee, Rojas. Bulldog chose to pay a bonus of $190,000 to Rojas at year-end, The bonus meets the requirements to be "reasonable" and is therefore deductible by Bulldog. Rojas is subject to a marginal tax rate of 35 percent on the bonus. What is the Income tax imposed on the corporate income earned by Bulldog and the income tax on the bonus paid to Rojas?
Bulldog Corporation reported taxable income of $635,000 this year, before any deduction for any payment to its sole shareholder and employee, Rojas. Bulldog chose to pay a bonus of $190,000 to Rojas at year-end, The bonus meets the requirements to be "reasonable" and is therefore deductible by Bulldog.
Rojas is subject to a marginal tax rate of 35 percent on the bonus. The income tax imposed on the corporate income earned by Bulldog and the income tax on the bonus paid to Rojas are explained below:Explanation:The bonus paid to Rojas is reasonable and deductible by Bulldog. The taxable income of Bulldog before paying the bonus is $635,000. The taxable income of Bulldog after paying the bonus is calculated as follows:Taxable income = 635,000 − 190,000 = 445,000.
Thus, the income tax imposed on the corporate income earned by Bulldog is: Corporate income tax = 0.21 × 445,000 = $93,450.The taxable income of Rojas is calculated as follows:Taxable income = 190,000 × (1 − 0.35) = $123,500. Thus, the income tax on the bonus paid to Rojas is: Bonus income tax = 0.35 × 190,000 = $66,500. Hence, the total income tax imposed by the state on Bulldog Corporation and Rojas is $93,450 + $66,500 = $159,950.
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The manager of Wonsum company limited, Mrs Buki Doomson (Doomson) stepped out of the conference hall in a pensive mood after an important meeting called by the CEO. The meeting was attended by the heads of various departments in the company and was convened to discuss the targets for the coming assessment year. Doomson had a formidable sales target to achieve and wondered how she would be able to meet those seemingly impossible goals. This fear was further aggravated by the fact that the productivity levels of employees in the company had been falling. Doomson was under tremendous pressure from the management to improve the performance of her team. She also had to deal with the decreasing levels of employees" morale in her 24-member team. As a first step, Doomson informed her team thembers about a mecting that she planned to hold the next day. She then drafted a plan of action that she intended to discuss with her team. The next day, Doomson began the meeting by informing her team members about the corporate meeting she had attended. She then said, +We have a difficult task ahead for this year, and your participation and involvement is essential to achieve the goals". She then invited suggestions from her team members regarding the role to be played by each of them. The meeting then progressed on to setting of individual targets for by each team member as, if was felt that this would help in accomplishing the organizational goals. Specific goals were, therefore, set and agreed upon by all the team members. The team aimed to increase the organizational profits by 18% over the next six months. They sketched out a plan of action to achieve the targets set for the team and decided that they would meet once every fwo months to monitor their progress. Two months later, the team met again and received their progress. Doomson also gave a feedback on the performance of every member of the team. The team then collectively identified the areas of improvement and decided upon the measures they would take to overeome their deficiencies. This continued for the rest of the year. The final review meeting was held just before the yearty corporafe meeting attended by the top management. The team was surprised to see that they had achieved their targets. Thus, effective planning and control mechanisms helped the team achieve their short term goals, and this in turm, helped in the achievement of the organizational objectives. Besides, the employees were also motivated as the management gave adequate recognition to their involvement and participation in achieving team goals. The target to be achieved by the team was highly challenging. This further motivated the team members as they had better opportunities to prove their problems solving skills. Thus, the outstanding performance of the sales team helped the organization achieve in the long term.
Questions for Discussions:
1. Roopali Doomson followed the various levels of Organisational Behaviour in his approach to dealing with employees while setting goals for team members. Discuss the various levels of OBM in relation to the case above. ( 5 marks)
2. Explain how the components of attitude are displayed in this case.
3. Discuss how Doomson displays the Myer Brigs personality traits in this case. ( 5 marks)
4. Describe the emotions and moods of the manager in managing his cmployees. ( 5 marks)
1. Roopali Doomson followed the various levels of Organisational Behaviour in his approach to dealing with employees while setting goals for team members. Discuss the various levels of OBM in relation to the case above.Organizational behavior management (OBM) is the discipline of applying the behavioral science to improve organizational
performance through a variety of methods. The various levels of OBM are:Organizational Level: This level deals with the study of complex organizations, their structures, and their functioning. It looks into the design of the organization, how it interacts with the environment, and how it can be managed to achieve the best results.Group Level: This level deals with the study of the behavior of groups within the organization. It examines how groups are formed, how they function.
This level deals with the study of individual behavior within the organization. It examines how individuals are motivated, how they interact with others, and how they can be managed to achieve the best results.In relation to the case, Roopali Doomson followed the various levels of OBM in his approach to dealing with employees while setting goals for team members. He took the individual level, group level, and organizational level into consideration while setting targets and planning for achieving them.
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On January 1, 2021, Vacker Co. acquired 70% of Carper Inc. by paying $650,000 cash. Carper reported common stock on that date of $420,000 with retained earnings of $252,000. A building was undervalued in the company's financial records by $28,000. This building had a ten-year remaining life. Copyrights of $80,000 were to be recognized and amortized over 20 years. Carper earned income and paid cash dividends as follows: 2021 Net Income =$105,000 2021 Dividends paid =$54,600 On December 31, 2021, Vacker owed $30,800 to Carper. There have been no changes in Carper's common stock account since the acquisition. Vacker used the equity method to account for any acquisition that resulted in majority interest. Record the 2021 journal entries that Vacker would have recorded internally for the Carper investment
Vacker Co. acquired 70% of Carper Inc. by paying $650,000 cash on January 1, 2021. The following are the 2021 journal entries that Vacker would have recorded internally for the Carper investment. Answer: 30,800
The cost of the investment is $650,000 * 70% = $455,000. When there are discrepancies in the fair value and book value of the acquiree's assets and liabilities, an acquirer has to restate these assets and liabilities to fair value. The difference between fair value and book value needs to be recognized as goodwill. To recognize the investment in Carper:DateAccountTitle and explanationDebitCreditJan 1, 2021 Investment in Carper455,000Cash455,000 (To record the acquisition of 70% of Carper)Adjusting entries for fair value:DateAccountTitle and explanationDebitCreditJan 1, 2021Buildings28,000Accumulated Depreciation28,000 (To record the undervaluation of the building)Jan 1, 2021Copyrights80,000Goodwill(1)30,800Deferred income tax liability(2)49,200 (To recognize the copyrights and record the related deferred tax liability)Note:Goodwill = $420,000 + $252,000 - $455,000 = $217,000Deferred income tax liability = $80,000 / 2 * 30% = $24,000Deferred income tax liability = $80,000 / 2 * 40% = $32,000 (in case the tax rate is 40%)To recognize Carper's net income:DateAccountTitle and explanationDebitCreditDec 31, 2021Investment in Carper73,500Share of earnings from Carper(1)73,500 (To recognize Carper's net income of $105,000 × 70%)To recognize dividends received from Carper:DateAccountTitle and explanationDebitCreditDec 31, 2021Cash38,220Investment in Carper38,220 (To record the dividends received of $54,600 × 70%)
To eliminate Vacker's owed amount to Carper: DateAccountTitle and explanationDebitCreditDec 31, 2021
Investment in Carper30,800Accounts receivable from Carper30,800
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2. Discuss the pros and cons of at least five performance appraisal methods. 3. Explain why employee engagement is important, and how to foster such engagement. What exactly would you as a supervisor do to increase your employees' engagement?
2. Graphic rating scales: It's simple to make and utilize. Disadvantages: evaluator subjectivity and scale comprehension may lead to prejudice. 3. Employee engagement is their commitment, excitement, and passion for work. It improves performance, productivity, work satisfaction, and retention.
2. The pros and cons of at least five performance appraisal methods are Graphic rating scales: Advantages - it's easy to create and use. Disadvantages - it might result in bias due to the subjectivity of the evaluator and difficulties in understanding the scales. Behavioral observation scales: Advantages - the evaluation is concentrated on the specific behavior. Disadvantages - it can be time-consuming to develop and implement. Management by objectives (MBO): Advantages - it's a collaborative effort that involves both employees and management. Disadvantages - it may result in tunnel vision, where other important objectives are disregarded.360-degree feedback: Advantages - it allows for feedback from multiple sources. Disadvantages - it can be costly to implement. Ranking methods: Advantages - it's simple and fast to create. Disadvantages - it can result in resentment among employees and a competitive environment.
3. Employee engagement refers to an employee's level of commitment, enthusiasm, and passion for their work. It's important because it can lead to better performance, productivity, job satisfaction, and employee retention. To foster employee engagement, a supervisor can: Provide opportunities for professional development, listen to their employees, recognize their achievements, provide regular feedback, build a positive work environment, and empower employees to take ownership of their work. A supervisor can increase employees' engagement by recognizing and appreciating their efforts, involving them in the decision-making process, providing incentives, and organizing fun activities.
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A project has a cost of $6000. The project will have a payout of X at the end of the first year. This initial payout X will grow at the rate of 10% per year for the next 2 years, then by 8% per year for the next year, and then at the rate of 5% per year for the following 3 years. You believe the riskiness of this investment is 9%. a. Calculate the smallest X that would entice you to invest. b. Use Goal Seek or Solver to determine level of riskiness that would yield a net present value of $2500 if the initial payment is $1500.
a. To calculate the smallest payout X that would entice you to invest, we need to calculate the net present value (NPV) of the cash flows generated by the project and set it equal to zero.
First, let's calculate the present value (PV) of each cash flow at the end of each year, using the given discount rate of 9%:
PV of payout at the end of year 1 = X / (1 + 0.09)^1
PV of payout at the end of year 2 = X / (1 + 0.09)^2
PV of payout at the end of year 3 = X / (1 + 0.09)^3
PV of payout at the end of year 4 = X / (1 + 0.09)^4
PV of payout at the end of year 5 = X / (1 + 0.09)^5
PV of payout at the end of year 6 = X / (1 + 0.09)^6
PV of payout at the end of year 7 = X / (1 + 0.09)^7
Next, we need to calculate the NPV of these cash flows by subtracting the project cost of $6000:
NPV = PV of payout at the end of year 1 + PV of payout at the end of year 2 + PV of payout at the end of year 3 + PV of payout at the end of year 4 + PV of payout at the end of year 5 + PV of payout at the end of year 6 + PV of payout at the end of year 7 - Project cost
Setting the NPV equal to zero, we can solve for X:
0 = PV of payout at the end of year 1 + PV of payout at the end of year 2 + PV of payout at the end of year 3 + PV of payout at the end of year 4 + PV of payout at the end of year 5 + PV of payout at the end of year 6 + PV of payout at the end of year 7 - $6000
Solving this equation will give us the smallest X that would entice you to invest.
b. To determine the level of riskiness that would yield a net present value (NPV) of $2500 when the initial payment is $1500, we can use Goal Seek or Solver. Goal Seek is a feature available in Microsoft Excel that can be used to find the desired input value that will result in a specific output value. Solver is a similar tool that can be used for optimization problems.
With Goal Seek, we would set the NPV formula as the output value and the riskiness level as the input value. We would then set the NPV equal to $2500 and let Goal Seek determine the corresponding riskiness level.
With Solver, we would set up the NPV formula as the objective function to be maximized or minimized, subject to the constraint that the initial payment is $1500. By adjusting the riskiness level, Solver would determine the level that maximizes or minimizes the NPV, depending on the objective function.
Using either Goal Seek or Solver, we can find the level of riskiness that would yield an NPV of $2500 when the initial payment is $1500.
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T/F n open market transactions, Gold Corp. simultaneously sold its long-term investment in Iron Corp. bonds and purchased its own outstanding bonds. The broker remitted the net cash from the two transactions. Gold's gain on the purchase of its own bonds exceeded its loss on the sale of the Iron bonds. Assume the transaction to purchase its own outstanding bonds is unusual in nature and has occurred infrequently. Under U.S. GAAP, Gold should report the: Effect of its own bond transaction as an extraordinary gain, and report the Iron bond transaction loss in income before extraordinary items.
True, Gold Corp. should report the effect of its own bond transaction as an extraordinary gain and report the Iron bond transaction loss in income before extraordinary items under U.S. GAAP.
Extraordinary items are defined as unusual and infrequent events that occur during the normal course of business and which have a material effect on a company's financial statements. These items are usually reported below income from continuing operations but above net income or loss. Extraordinary gains or losses are treated as separate line items on a company's income statement and are reported separately from other gains or losses.
Gold's gain on the purchase of its own bonds exceeded its loss on the sale of the Iron bonds. Since the transaction to purchase its own outstanding bonds is unusual in nature and has occurred infrequently, the effect of its own bond transaction should be reported as an extraordinary gain and the Iron bond transaction loss should be reported in income before extraordinary items under U.S. GAAP.
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Rawlings need to raise $41,400,000 for its new manufacturing plant in jamica. Berkman investment bank will sell the bond for a commission of 2.7%. The market yield is currently 7.1% on twenty-year zero coupon bonds. if rawlings wants to issue a zero coupon bond, how many bonds will it need to sell to raise $41,400,000? assume that the bond is semiannual and issued at a par value of $1,000
Rawlings will need to sell approximately 333,648 zero coupon bonds to raise $41,400,000.
to calculate the number of zero coupon bonds rawlings needs to sell to raise $41,400,000, we can follow these steps:
step 1: determine the price of one bond:the price of a zero coupon bond can be calculated using the formula:
price = face value / (1 + market yield)ⁿ
where:
- face value = $1,000 (par value)- market yield = 7.1% or 0.071 (expressed as a decimal)
- n = number of periods (in this case, semiannual) = 20 years * 2 = 40 periods
price = $1,000 / (1 + 0.071)⁴⁰
step 2: calculate the total amount raised per bond:total amount raised per bond = price - commission
given that the commission is 2.7% or 0.027 (expressed as a decimal):
total amount raised per bond = price - (commission * price)
step 3: determine the number of bonds needed:number of bonds = total amount needed / total amount raised per bond
total amount needed = $41,400,000
let's calculate the number of bonds using the provided information:
step 1:
price = $1,000 / (1 + 0.071)⁴⁰ ≈ $127.4731
step 2:total amount raised per bond = $127.4731 - (0.027 * $127.4731) ≈ $124.0965
step 3:
number of bonds = $41,400,000 / $124.0965 ≈ 333,647.36
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20 years ago, your parents set aside $10,000 to help fund your
college education. Today, you want to use that fund for your
college. If the account have earned an average of 11% annual rate
with quart
Assuming your parents invested $10,000 for you 20 years ago at an average of 11% annual rate with quarterly compounding, the value of the investment today will be worth $94,074.20.
This means you can use this amount to fund your college education.What is quarterly compounding?Compounding is the process of earning interest on interest, which helps your money grow over time.
Quarterly compounding
means that the interest is calculated four times per year and added to the principal investment. This helps the
investment
to grow faster as the interest is earning interest.To calculate the future value of the investment, we can use the compound interest formula:FV = P (1 + r/n)^(n*t)where:FV = Future ValueP = Principal r = Annual
Interest
Rate n = Number of Times Compounded per Year t = Number of YearsLet’s plug in the values:FV = $10,000 (1 + 0.11/4)^(4*20)FV = $94,074.20
Therefore, if the account has earned an average of 11%
annual rate
with quarterly compounding, then $10,000 invested 20 years ago would be worth $94,074.20 today, which can be used to fund your college education.
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INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS (HRM404)
questions
1a. Review cases of Norain Redzkiah Osman Salleh v.
Petroliam Nasional Berhad (either type of misconduct/trade
dispute/non compliance/etc)
Norain Redzkiah Osman Salleh v. Petroliam Nasional Berhad appears to be a specific legal case related to industrial relations, misconduct, trade disputes, or non-compliance.
To review the details and specific circumstances of this case, it would be best to refer to official legal sources, such as court records, legal databases, or relevant news articles that provide in-depth information about the case.
Legal cases involving industrial relations can cover a wide range of issues, including employee misconduct, labor disputes, non-compliance with labor laws or employment contracts, and various other matters related to workplace relationships and regulations. Analyzing the facts, arguments, and outcomes of specific cases can provide insights into legal interpretations, precedents, and the implications for industrial relations practices.
Therefore, I recommend conducting further research using appropriate legal resources to review the specific details and implications of Norain Redzkiah Osman Salleh v. Petroliam Nasional Berhad.
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Which would likely cause overall interest rates to go down in the United States?
A.The Federal Reserve announces it will increase the Fed Funds Rate
B.Congress agrees to a spending bill that increases federal budget deficits
C.The European Central Bank annoucnes it will decrease its target interest rates
D.A local bank in South Orange goes bankrupt
E.None of the above
The likely cause for overall interest rates to go down in the United States would be option C, where the European Central Bank (ECB) announces it will decrease its target interest rates. While each of the options listed can have some impact on interest rates, the actions of the ECB are more directly related to the interest rates in the United States.
The ECB plays a significant role in the global financial markets, and changes in its monetary policy can have ripple effects on interest rates worldwide, including the United States. When the ECB lowers its target interest rates, it stimulates borrowing and spending in the Eurozone, which can lead to increased demand for goods and services. This increased demand can, in turn, influence interest rates in other countries, including the United States.
Option A, where the Federal Reserve announces an increase in the Fed Funds Rate, would have the opposite effect. Increasing the Fed Funds Rate is a measure used by the Federal Reserve to control inflation and tighten monetary policy, which could lead to higher interest rates.
Option B, Congress agreeing to a spending bill that increases federal budget deficits, might have mixed effects on interest rates. It could potentially lead to increased government borrowing, which could put upward pressure on interest rates. However, it would depend on other factors such as the overall state of the economy and market expectations.
Option D, a local bank in South Orange going bankrupt, is more likely to have a localized impact rather than affecting overall interest rates in the United States.
Therefore, based on the options provided, option C, the European Central Bank decreasing its target interest rates, would be the most likely cause for overall interest rates to go down in the United States.
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Suppose the grizzlies arena had 8000 seats. What is the profit maximizing number of tickets the grizzlies should sell
The profit-maximizing number of tickets the Grizzlies should sell would depend on various factors such as demand, pricing, and costs. However, without specific information on these factors, it is not possible to determine the exact number of tickets that would maximize profits.
To determine the profit-maximizing number of tickets, the Grizzlies would need to consider the demand for their tickets at different price points and the associated costs of operating the arena. They would need to analyze the relationship between ticket prices and the quantity of tickets demanded by fans.
If the demand for tickets is high and exceeds the available seating capacity, the Grizzlies could potentially increase ticket prices to maximize revenue. However, if demand is low, the Grizzlies might need to lower ticket prices to attract more fans and maximize overall revenue.
Additionally, the costs associated with operating the arena, such as player salaries, staff wages, maintenance expenses, and other overhead costs, would need to be considered. The Grizzlies would need to ensure that the revenue generated from ticket sales covers these costs and allows for a reasonable profit margin.
Ultimately, the profit-maximizing number of tickets the Grizzlies should sell would be determined through careful analysis of demand, pricing strategies, and cost considerations. Without specific information about these factors, it is not possible to provide an exact number.
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Modul University asked a sample of 7 random students how many hours they studied for the Maths mid term exam. The students (the names have been changed) answered: Albert =79 , Belinda =67 ,
The sample of 7 random students from the Modul University shows that the mean number of hours students studied for the Maths midterm exam is approximately 73.14 hours.
The data from the sample of 7 random students, who were asked by the Modul University, for how many hours they studied for the Maths midterm exam are as follows:
Albert = 79 Belinda = 67 Caroline = 72 Diana = 63 Elena = 85 Freddie = 77 Gloria = 80
The above data can be analysed using different statistical tools and methods for making decisions and predictions based on the data.
To find different statistical measures from the data, we can calculate the measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion.
For example, we can calculate the mean, median, and mode from the data to find out the central values of the data.
In addition to this, we can calculate the range, variance, and standard deviation from the data to find the dispersion in the data. Using the above data, we can calculate the mean as follows:
Mean = (79 + 67 + 72 + 63 + 85 + 77 + 80) / 7
Mean = 73.14
Therefore, the mean number of hours students studied for the Maths midterm exam is approximately 73.14 hours. We can calculate other measures such as median, mode, range, variance, and standard deviation by using the relevant formulae or statistical tools.
The sample of 7 random students from the Modul University shows that the mean number of hours students studied for the Maths midterm exam is approximately 73.14 hours. By calculating other statistical measures, we can gain more insights into the data and use it to make predictions and decisions.
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Explain the relevance of ‘duty of care’ in gratuitous
bailment.
"
The duty of care in gratuitous bailment establishes the legal obligation of the bailee to exercise reasonable care in safeguarding and preserving the bailed property.
The relevance of 'duty of care' in gratuitous bailment is to establish the legal obligation of the bailee to exercise reasonable care in safeguarding and preserving the bailed property.
This duty ensures that the bailee, who possesses the property without payment, acts responsibly to prevent loss, damage, or destruction.
The duty of care requires the bailee to take precautions and use reasonable skill and diligence in handling and protecting the bailed property, thereby ensuring the bailor's trust is respected and the property is returned in the same condition as received.
Failure to fulfill this duty can result in legal liability for the bailee.
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