A reversible reaction has two activation energies
H is negative when E a(fwd) < E a(rev)
Hrxn = Ea(fwd) - Ea(rev)
Activation energy :- It is the amount of energy required to reach the transition state. The source of the activation energy needed to push reactions forward is typically heat energy from the surroundings.
Heat of Reaction :- The change in the enthalpy of a chemical reaction. In endothermic reactions, (ΔH>0), heat is absorbed with the reactants.This means more energy is needed to overcome the forces of attraction between molecules and to separate them from one another (the activation energy) than the energy gained when new bonds are formed.
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Part A Cathodic protection of iron involves using another more reactive metal as a sacrificial anode. Classify each of the following metals by whether they would or would not act as a sacrificial anode to iron. Drag each item to the appropriate bin. View Available Hint(s) Reset Help Ag Mg Cu Pb Sn Zn Au Will act as sacrificial anode for iron Will not act as sacrificial anode for iron Submit Part B An old iron beam was coated with an unknown metal. There is a crack on the coating and it is observed that the iron is rusting at the fracture. The beam is in a structure that experiences high stress, resulting in frequent fractures to the coating. What was the old metal coating likely made of and what metal you would use to repair the fractures to avoid further corrosion? Drag each label to the appropriate target. View Available Hint(s) ResetHelp gold aluminum tin 1. The old coating was likely made of . 2. would be a good choice for repairing the fracture.
The material that act as sacrificial anode for iron Mg , Zn. that cannot acts as the sacrificial anode for iron Ag, Cu ,Pb, Sn, Au.
A Cathodic protection of iron involves using another more reactive metal as a sacrificial anode.
a) Ag = it cannot acts as the sacrificial anode for iron because in reactivity series the iron is above than the Ag. it is less reactive.
b) Mg = it can acts as the sacrificial anode for iron because in reactivity series the Ag is above than the iron. it is more reactive.
c) Cu = it cannot acts as the sacrificial anode for iron because in reactivity series the iron is above than the cu. it is less reactive.
d) Pb = it cannot acts as the sacrificial anode for iron because in reactivity series the iron is above than the cu. it is less reactive.
e) Sn = it cannot acts as the sacrificial anode for iron because in reactivity series the Ag is above than the iron. it is more reactive.
d) Zn = it can acts as the sacrificial anode for iron because in reactivity series the iron is above than the Ag. it is less reactive.
e) Au = it cannot acts as the sacrificial anode for iron because in reactivity series the Ag is above than the iron. it is more reactive.
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points a to g are located on the phase diagram of water. which of the following statements are correct regarding navigation from one point to another across the phase diagram?
The temperature is below 0°C at point E. The temperature rises from point A to point B to point C. You must raise the temperature and pressure in order to travel from point G to point F. You need only lower the pressure to travel from point C to point D. The melting point of water is unusual among molecules in that it drops as pressure rises.
The ice point, commonly known as 0 °C (32 °F; 273 K), is the temperature at which ice melts at 1 atmosphere of pressure. The freezing point of water is not necessarily the same as the melting point when nucleating chemicals are present. This has to do with the fact that solid water is actually less dense than liquid water due to its solid structure. As the pressure rises, the water molecules are pushed closer to one another, shattering the solid lattice and melting ice.The melting point of water is zero degrees Celsius (32 degrees F). Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different amounts of water will boil at different temperatures. When purified water reaches its boiling point at sea level, it does so at 212 degrees Fahrenheit (100 degrees Celsius).
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John wanted to demonstrate his understanding of molality after his chemistry class. He placed some cubes of sugar(sucrose) weighing 110g into 462g of water. What would be his calculated molality(m) to 2 significant figures? Sucrose(molar mass= 342g/mol).
The molality of the solution, given that 110 g of sucrose is dissolved in 462 g of water is 0.70 M
How do I determine the molality?First we shall determine the mole of the sucrose in the solution. This is illustrated below:
Mass of sucrose = 110 gMolar mass of sucrose = 342 g/molMole of sucrose =?Mole = mass / molar mass
Mole of sucrose = 110 / 342
Mole of sucrose = 0.322 mole
Finally, we shall determine the molality of the solution. This is shown below:
Mole of sucrose = 0.322 moleMass of water = 462 g = 462 / 1000 = 0.462 KgMolality of solution = ?Molality = mole / mass of water (in Kg)
Molality of solution = 0.322 / 0.462
Molality of solution = 0.70 M
Thus, the molality of the solution is 0.70 M
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What isotope has 26 protons 24 electrons and 32 neutrons?; Which element has atoms with 26 protons?; What element has 26 protons 28 neutrons 24 electrons?; What is the element with 26 protons and 23 electrons?
The isotope has 26 protons 24 electrons and 32 neutrons is ⁵⁸Fe. element has 26 protons 28 neutrons 24 electrons is Fe. the element with 26 protons and 23 electrons is Fe.
The atomic number of iron is 26 , there are 4 isotopes of the iron is given as follows :
Fe = atomic number = 26 => 26 electrons , 26 protons, 26 neutrons.
four isotopes are as follows :
1) ⁵⁴Fe it contains = 28 neutrons.
2) ⁵⁶Fe it contains = 30 neutrons.
3) ⁵⁷Fe it contains = 31 neutrons.
4) ⁵⁸Fe it contains = 32 neutrons.
Thus, ⁵⁸Fe is the isotope has 26 protons 24 electrons and 32 neutrons.
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Classify each of the following reactions as combination, decomposition, displacement or double displacement reaction
Double displacement reactions occur when two compounds in a solution react to produce two new compounds by the exchange of their respective radicals. The term "double decomposition reaction" also applies to this kind of reaction.
When a more active ingredient pushes a less active element out of a molecule, this is known as a displacement reaction. A double displacement reaction is one in which the reactants swap ions, as the name implies. The common response is A + B - C A - C + B.
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which of the processes below is a way scientists can accelerate the process of traditional crossbreeding through inserting beneficial traits in the dna of a plant?
Genetic engineering, often known as genetic modification, is a technique that modifies an organism's DNA by the use of technology developed in a lab. This could entail altering just one base pair (A-T or C-G), erasing a section of DNA, or incorporating new DNA.
How does genetic engineering Applications?Many conceptual and practical facets of gene structure and function have been better understood because to genetic engineering. Alpha interferon, human growth hormone, human insulin, a hepatitis B vaccine, and other medically valuable compounds can all be produced by bacteria that were made using recombinant DNA technology. Genetically modified plants may be able to fix nitrogen, and genes associated with genetic illnesses may be replaced with healthy versions to treat disease.In several plant species, including corn and cotton, genes for toxin-producing poisons have been inserted. Additionally, crop plants have been given bacterial genes that confer herbicide resistance. There have been several attempts to genetically modify plants with the goal of increasing the plant's nutritional value.To Learn more About Genetic engineering refer to:
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The rate of reaction of 0.030 g of magnesium ribbon with 1 M hydrochloric acid was studied at four different temperatures by measuring the time required for the magnesium metal to disappear. The following data was recorded: (4 points) Temperature 2°C 23 °C 40°C 53°C 56 Average Reaction Time (sec) 204 73 Average Reaction Rate (moles/sec) a. Calculate the number of moles of magnesium that reacted (2 points) b. Calculate and the average reaction rate for 2°C then complete the table above (2 points) c. Convert each temperature to kelvins (3 points) Temperature (°C) Temperature (K) 2°C 23°C 400 53 °C 75 °C Average Reaction Time (sec) 204 73 56 41 c. Plot the average reaction time versus temperature in the graph below. (10 points) e. Predict how long the reaction would take at 75 °C. (1 point) aation 10: Rate of Decomposition of Calcium Carbonate
Hydrogen gas is released and magnesium chloride is created when magnesium ribbon combines with hydrochloric acid.
The temperature of the test tube will change, there will be a faint fizzing of gas bubbles, and then the magnesium ribbon will dissolve into the water, turning it blue.
At four different temperatures, the time it took for 0.030 g of magnesium ribbon to react with 1 M hydrochloric acid was measured in order to determine the rate of reaction.
The following information was noted: Four points Temperature: 2°C, 23°C, 40°C, 53°C, and 56°C 204 seconds is the average reaction time. (moles/sec) Average Reaction Rate a. Decomposition of CaCO3 takes approximately one hour at 871 °C, resulting in a mass loss of approximately 44%, and approximately 24 hours at 641 °C.
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Show that 0.245m can be obtained if 0.637g of NaoHbwith molar mass of 40g/mol is dissolved in the same volume 65.0ml
When 0.637g of NaOH with a molar mass of 40g/mol is dissolved in the same volume of 65.0 ml, then 0.245 M solution is obtained.
What is the molarity?Molarity can be described as the measurement of the chemical species or solutes in a solution. The SI unit of the molarity can be described as mol/L. The molarity of a given solution can be calculated from the number of moles of a solute in a solution in a liter.
The Molarity of the solution can be calculated from the formula mentioned below:
Molarity = Moles (n)/Volume of the Solution (in L)
Given, the mass of the NaOH, m = 0.637 g
The volume of the NaOH solution, V = 65ml = 0.065 L
The molar mass of the NaOH, M = 40 g/mol
The number of moles of NaOH, n = m/M = 0.637/40 = 0.016 mol
Molarity of NaOH solution = n/V
M = 0.016/0.065
M = 0.245 M
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What is the ionic form of oxygen?
O-2 can serve as a metaphor for this oxygen ion.The type of ion that will form depends on how many electrons are in the outer shells, which may be predicted using the periodic table.
Why do oxygen ions form in pairs?In order to reach the n=2 level of energy and an octet on electrons in the outer shell oxygen, which has an electron configuration of (2, 6), must gain two electrons.The addition of two electrons will result in the oxide ion having a charge of 2.
Exists an ion of oxygen?The oxygen molecule is known as a negative oxygen ion (O2)4,5 because it successfully attracted an electron.Due to their significance to human life activities, the partially negative ions are frequently referred to as the "air vitamin."
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How does multiplying a wave's wavelength by its frequency give the wave's speed?
PLEASE HELP!!!
Multiplying a wave's wavelength by its frequency gives the wave's speed because the speed of a wave is equal to its frequency multiplied by its wavelength. The equation for this is speed = frequency x wavelength.
What is wavelength?
Wavelength is the distance between two successive peaks or troughs in a wave. It is the measure of the cycle of a wave, or the length of one full cycle of a waveform. Wavelength is also often used as a measure of the frequency of a wave, with the two being inversely proportional. In other words, the higher the frequency of a wave, the shorter its wavelength. Wavelengths are commonly measured in meters, but can also be expressed in any unit of distance. Wavelengths of visible light range from about 400 nanometers (violet) to 700 nanometers (red). Wavelength is an important property of waves, as it is used to identify and classify different types of waves. It can also be used to measure the speed of a wave, as the speed of a wave is determined by its wavelength and frequency.
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write the lewis structure for h3po4 . if necessary, expand the octet on any appropriate atoms to lower the formal charge.
The molecule has a central phosphorus atom which uses all five of its valence electrons.It forms a double bond with one oxygen atom and three single bonds with three oxygen atoms.The three hydrogen atoms are bonded to the three singly-bonded oxygen atoms.
First calculate the total number of valence electrons and that is equal to. [(3)(1)+(1)(5)+(4)(6)] = 32 e-
For most stable structure we must keep few things in our mind i.e.
Structure must be symmetrical
In oxy acids, hydrogen be attached with oxygen [O-H]
Those structure are preferred which have maximum no. of Zero formal charge.
We have H3PO4
Hydrogen will attach with oxygen and p will be our central atomNow use all valence electrons (32) for lone pairs and single bond.Check formal charge on all atom
We get -1 on O and +1 on P and rest are Zero
So for stable structure we will use a double bond between P and O with help of one lone pair of O and a coordinate bond will form.
So finally this is the stable structure of H3PO4
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CH3OH(g) —> CO(g) + 2 H2(g) DH° = +91 kJ/molrxnThe reaction represented above goes essentially to completion. The reaction takes place in a rigid, insulated vesselthat is initially at 600 K.Which of the following statements about the bonds in the reactants and products is most accurate?(A) The sum of the bond enthalpies of the bonds in the reactant is greater than the sum of the bond enthalpies of the bonds in the products.(B) The sum of the bond enthalpies of the bonds in the reactant is less than the sum of the bond enthalpies of the bonds in the products.(C) The length of the bond between carbon and oxygen in CH3OH is shorter than the length of the bond between carbon and oxygenin CO.(D) All of the bonds in the reactant and products are polar.
CH3OH(g) —> CO(g) + 2 H2(g) The reaction takes place in a rigid, insulated vessel that is initially at 600 K. (B) The sum of the bond enthalpies of the bonds in the reactant is less than the sum of the bond enthalpies of the bonds in the products.
The term "bond enthalpies," which is also referred to as "bond energy," describes the strength and subsequently the stability of a chemical connection. The bond enthalpy of a chemical bond is the total energy required to dissolve 1 mole of that chemical bond. The single bond between oxygen and hydrogen, for instance, has a bond enthalpy of 463 kJ/mol. This means that a total energy of 463 kilojoules must be used to break a mole of hydrogen-oxygen single bonds. The fact that a chemical bond breaking process is always endothermic must constantly be kept in mind (because energy must be supplied to the molecule in order to break the chemical bonds that constitute it). As a result, whenever a chemical bond breaks, there is a positive enthalpy shift (H > 0). The creation of a chemical bond, on the other hand, is virtually invariably an endothermic process. There will be a negative enthalpy shift under these circumstances. The "mean bond enthalpy" or "average bond enthalpy" refers to the strength of a single bond within a molecule.
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According to Le Châtelier's principle, how will an increase in pressure affect a gaseous equilibrium system?
Shift it toward the products
Shift it toward the reactants
Shift it toward the side with higher total mole concentration
Shift it toward the side with lower total mole concentration
Answer:
Shift it toward the side with lower total mole concentration
Explanation:
Le Châtelier's principle states that if there is a change in conditions (for example pressure, temperature) to a closed system in dynamic equilibrium, the equilibrium will shift to minimise the change.
Pressure is caused by the collision of gas molecules. The more molecules there are, the greater the pressure so the system must reduce in pressure to counteract the increase in pressure and restore equilibrium. It does this by shifting to the side with lower total mole concentration to decrease the pressure again.
of a certain Compound X, known to be made of carbon, hydrogen and perhaps oxygen, and to have a molecular molar mass of 128./gmol, is burned completely in excess oxygen, and the mass of the products carefully measured: product mass carbon dioxide 22.35g water 3.66g Use this information to find the molecular formula of X.
Answer: C5H4O4
Explanation:
First, find how many moles of Carbon and Hydrogen we know we have from these reactions.
The molar mass of Carbon Dioxide is 44g, so we have 0.508 moles CO2 and therefore 0.508 moles of Carbon from the original compound.
The molar mass of Water is 18g, so we have 0.203 moles of H2O, and we double the amount of moles of hydrogen because there are two hydrogens per water molecule, so 0.406 moles of hydrogen.
This gives us a ratio of moles 0.508:0.406:X, where X is moles of oxygen. 0.508/0.406 is 1.25 so this ratio is 5:4:X.
We now know how many moles of Carbon and Hydrogen are in the compound and the molar mass of the compound and can plug in values.
5(molar mass carbon) + 4(molar mass of hydrogen) + X(molar mass of oxygen) = 128g
5(12) + 4(1) + X(16) = 128
X=4
So, the formula is C5H4O4.
What is the number of chloride ions (Cl-) in 250 mL of a 0.2M magnesium chloride solution?
Thank you.
To determine the number of chloride ions (Cl-) in 250 mL of a 0.2M magnesium chloride solution, we need to use the formula:
number of ions = concentration (M) * volume (L) * Avogadro's number
In this case, the concentration is 0.2 M, the volume is 250 mL, and Avogadro's number is 6.022 x 10^23 ions/mol.
To convert the volume from milliliters to liters, we can divide the volume by 1000. This gives us a volume of 250 mL / 1000 mL/L = 0.250 L.
Substituting these values into the formula above, we get:
number of ions = 0.2 M * 0.250 L * 6.022 x 10^23 ions/mol
= 0.2 M * 0.250 L * 6.022 x 10^23 ions/mol
= 1.204 x 10^23 ions
Therefore, there are approximately 1.204 x 10^23 chloride ions (Cl-) in 250 mL of a 0.2M magnesium chloride solution.
HELPPPPP (100 POINTS)
Assume that the water stream is replaced by a stream of CCl4. Predict what would happen in each case.
a. charged acetate strip:
b. charged vinyl strip:
c. Explain your predictions.
Answer:c
Explanation:c
hydrogen is in group 1 with lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium because it; most metals are solid at room temperature true or false; which is a physical property of matter?; at room temperature most elements are classified as; helium, neon, and argon are examples of; signs that say "do not use near an open flame" refer to a(n)
Since hydrogen has the same ns1 electron configuration as alkali metals, it is a nonmetal and is positioned above group in the periodic chart. It differs significantly from the alkali metals, though, in that it produces cations (H+) less readily than the other alkali metals.
The room temperature state of all metals is solid Due to the obvious powerful intermolecular interactions among metal atoms, the preponderance of metals are solids.This decreases the interstitial space, giving them a distinct shape.
Mechanical characteristics are properties of matter that are independent to its chemical structure is called a physical property. Physical attributes include things like density, colour, hardness, melting and boiling points, and electrical conductivity.
On the periodic table, there are only two elements that exist at ambient temperature. They are bromine, a halogen, and mercury, a metal.
Some examples of Group 8A, The Noble or Inert Gases, are helium, neon, and argon.
Do not use near an open flame warning signs relate to a(n) a substance or chemical that is quickly ignited and burns. for example hydrogen is flammable hence flame should not be kept nearby.
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place the following substances in order of increasing boiling point. ch3ch2ch3 ch3och3 ch3ch2oh ch3ch2ch3 < ch 3och 3 < ch 3ch 2oh ch 3ch 2oh < ch3ch2ch3 < ch 3och 3 ch 3ch 2oh < ch 3och 3 < ch3ch2ch3 ch 3och 3 < ch3ch2ch3 < ch 3ch 2oh ch3ch2ch3 < ch 3ch 2oh < ch 3och 3
The substances in the increasing order of boiling point are
CH3CH2CH3<CH3OCH3<CH3CHO<CH3CH2OH
What is the boiling point of a compound?
The boiling point of organic compounds can reveal vital details about their structural makeup and physical features. The boiling point of a substance aids in identifying and describing it. When the air pressure and the vapour pressure of a liquid are equal, the liquid boils. The kinetic energy of a molecule affects vapour pressure.
Despite having similar molecular weights across the board, CH3CH2OH exhibits the most intermolecular h-bonding, giving it the greatest boiling point.
Lowest boiling point for CH3CH2CH3 due to weak van der Waals forces. Furthermore, CH3CHO has a higher boiling point than CH3OCH3 because it exhibits more interactions between dipoles.
Therefore the order of increasing boiling point goes CH3CH2CH3<CH3OCH3<CH3CHO<CH3CH2OH
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g draw all possible stereoisomers of stilbene dibromide, making sure to draw each stereoisomer only once. id all pairs of enantiomers and any meso compounds. assign r/s configuration to all stereocenters on your drawings.
Stilbene dibromide includes (1R,2S)-1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane, (1R,2R)-1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane, (1S,2S)- It has three stereoisomers. 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane.
Bromination of trans-stilbene primarily yields meso-1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane. Electrophilic bromine addition reaction. Stilbenes can exist as both trans and cis stereoisomers, but they naturally occur predominantly as the trans isomer due to their greater thermodynamic stability compared to the cis isomer.
If a molecule has two stereocenters there should be four possible stereoisomers. If a molecule has 3 stereocenters, there should be up to 8 stereoisomers. Therefore, the maximum number of stereoisomers for a given configuration is 2n. where n is the number of chiral centers.
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Identify reagents that can be used to achieve each of the following transformations. In some cases, more than one answer may be correct. To receive full credit, select all that apply. 1) LIAIH4, 2) H20 Na2Cr207, H2S04, H20 PCC, CH2Cl2 NaBH4, MeOH
The reagents that can be used to achieve of the following transformation is Na2Cr207, H2S04, H20 and PCC, CH2Cl2.
What is chemical reaction?
One or more chemicals, known as reactants, are changed into one or more new substances, known as products, during a chemical reaction. Chemical elements or chemical compounds constitute substances.
In the chemical reaction, 2 butanol is converted to 2 butanone by using oxidizing agent like PCC, ch2cl2 or other reagent is na2cr2o7, h2so4, h2o used this reagent where secondary alcohol is converted to ketone.
Therefore, the reagents that can be used to achieve of the following transformation is Na2Cr207, H2S04, H20 and PCC, CH2Cl2.
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(a) When (Z)-3-methylhex-3-ene undergoes hydroboration-oxidation, two isomeric products are formed. Give their structures, and label each asymmetric carbon atom as R or (S). What is the relationship between these isomers?
(b) Repeat part (a) for E-methylhex-3-ene. What is the relationship between the products formed from (Z)-3-methylhex-3-ene and those formed from (E)-3-methylhex-3-ene?
carbon atom in their structures. how these isomers are related to one another. Two isomeric compounds are produced by the hydroboration-oxidation of (Z)-3-methylhex-3-ene.
What is isomeric ?
The asymmetric carbon atoms in their structures with the letters (R) or (S). isomers are related to one another. Two isomeric compounds are produced during the hydroboration-oxidation reaction on (Z)-3-methylhex-3-ene. Two isomeric compounds are produced during the hydroboration-oxidation reaction on (Z)-3-methylhex-3-ene. List their structures and assign the letters R or S to each asymmetric carbon atom (S). isomers relate to one another.
For E-methylhex-3-ene, repeat the section. the products made from (Z)-3-methylhex-3-ene and those made from (E)-3-methylhex-3-ene related to one another.
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Draw the Lewis structure for POCI_3 in the window below and then decide if the molecule is polar or nonpolar. Is POCI_3 polar or nonpolar?
The molecule is polar.
Since o is more electronegative it is on top and a being less electronegative is towards the bottom. Because the POCl3 molecule is nonsymmetric (o will pull the e from P and I will abo pull & from 1) so, it is Polar.
A molecule is non-polar if the arrangement is symmetrical and the arrows have the same length. A molecule is polar if the arrows are of different lengths and are not balanced. A molecule is polar if the configuration is asymmetric. When things are different at each end, we call them polar. Also, some molecules have positive and negative ends, and when they are present, we call them polar.
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polymer powders are usually blended with to create a wide range of shades from white to jet black.
Polymer powders are usually blended with pigments and colorants to create a wide range of shades from white to jet black.
A polymer is a substance together with very large molecules referred to as macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits. Due to their vast spectrum of homes, both synthetic and natural polymers play vital and ubiquitous roles in regular lifestyles.
Products made from polymers are all around us: garb made from synthetic fibers, polyethylene cups, fiberglass, nylon bearings, plastic bags, polymer-primarily based paints, epoxy glue, polyurethane foam cushion, silicone heart valves, and Teflon-covered cookware.
A number of the beneficial houses of diverse engineering polymers are excessive electricity or modulus-to-weight ratios, toughness, resilience, resistance to corrosion, lack of conductivity, color, transparency, processing, and coffee price.
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The formal charge of an atom in a Lewis structure is the charge the atom would have if all bonding electrons were shared _____ between the atoms. The formal charge doesn't necessarily reflect an actual charge on the atom.
The formal charge is a hypothetical charge assigned to an atom in a molecule assuming that all the bonded electrons are equally shared among the atoms forming the two bonds.
The formal charge is the discrepancy between the atom's number of valence electrons and the number it possesses.
Even though we frequently presume they are the same, formal charge and oxidation state are two separate concepts. While the oxidation state regulates the number of electrons exchanged between atoms during the synthesis of a molecule, the formal charge specifies the number of electrons that occur around an atom of a molecule.
When adjacent formal charges are negative or of the opposite sign, Lewis structures are preferred. The Lewis structure with the negative formal charges on the most electronegative atoms is the one to choose from when faced with a choice between numerous Lewis structures with similar formal charge distributions.
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Which of the following is a good practice to aid in preventing spillage?
There are many ways in which it can be ensured that chemicals do not get spilled .
To store Chemicals in Covered AreasTo use Spill Kits, Bunds, and Spill PalletsTo store Containers on Secure ShelvingTo prevent Overcrowding in Chemical Storage UnitsTo ensure Chemicals Are Stored at or Below Eye LevelTo regularly Inspect Chemical Containers on Site for Leaks or DeteriorationTo safeguard the Transportation of Chemical ContainersTo implement Strict Decanting Procedures.How quickly a chemical spill or leak can cause a serious accident or disaster is shocking. Chemical production, storage, and transportation all present a multitude of potential accident sites due to their volatile nature. Chemical safety in the workplace can be greatly increased by putting in place a strong emergency response plan and well-established spill prevention procedures.
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consider the protons highlighted in red in the four structures shown. the red protons are homotopic in which structures?
A and D are enantiotopic and B and C are homotopic.
If replacing two protons with a different group (X) gives the same compound, the protons are called Homotopic. If replacing two protons with a different group (X) gives a pair of enantiomers, the protons are called Enantiotopic.
Homotopic, simply means identical. For example, all the protons in ethane are homotopic. Even tough each proton is physically different, but we say that they are identical because the rotation about the C-C single bond is so fast that averagely speaking all the protons appear in the same environment.
Replacing the hydrogens in order to determine the relationship of the protons and hence the number of NMR signals may look overwhelming and confusing and if it all seems too much for determining the relationship of the protons and the number of expected signals.
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lesson 6.1 ngsss benchmark mini assessment
Answer:
hey some times you need to help us too and I'm 10
which of the following conclusions is most clearly supported by the representations of nucleic acid
Adenine-thymine base pairs can be found in nucleic acid #1 but they are absent from nucleic acid #2.
Nucleic acids are found where?Additionally to certain viruses, it is present in all cells. A wide range of tasks are performed by nucleic acids, including the production of new cells, the processing and storage of genetic data, the synthesis of proteins, and the production of energy cells.
The purpose of nucleic acidsThe genetic information contained in nucleic acids, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), is read by cells to produce the RNA and proteins necessary for life. This data may be replicated and passed on to the following generation thanks to the DNA double helix's well-known structure.
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which of the following compounds are arrhenius bases? multiple select question. hno3 nabr ca(oh)2 koh ch3cooh
The common examples of Arrhenius base include NaOH (sodium hydroxide), KOH (potassium hydroxide), Ca (OH)2 (calcium hydroxide), Mg (OH)2 (magnesium hydroxide), NH4OH (ammonium hydroxide), etc.
Svante Arrhenius, a Swedish scientist, developed the Arrhenius acid-base theory. It represented the concept of acid and base in a modern context. This theory is straightforward and helpful. The chemical that raises the concentration of H+ or proton in aqueous solution, according to Arrhenius theory, is an acid. The proton or H+ ion that is released coexists with the water molecule to produce the hydronium ion (H3O+), which is not a free-floating proton. Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and other acids are typical examples of Arrhenius acids. According to Arrhenius, bases are hydroxide compounds that give OH ions upon dissociation in water, whereas acids are hydrogen-containing compounds that give H+ ions or protons upon dissociation in water.
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Calculate the pH of a 0.010 M solution of acetic acid HCN at 25°C. The Ka for HCN at this temp is 4.9x10^-10.
pH = -log ([H3O+])
HCN (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ CN- (aq) + H3O+ (aq)
The pH of the solution is 10.7.
pH is defined as the "capacity of hydrogen" is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Acidic answers (answers with better concentrations of H+ ions) are measured to have decrease pH values than simple or alkaline answers.
The pH can be expressed as follows:
pH = -log ([H3O+])
pOH = -log ([OH-])
pKW = -log (Kw)
Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1.0x10-14
-log ([H3O+]) + -log ([OH-]) = -log (1.0x10-14)
pH + pOH = 14.00
Kw=[H3O+][OH-]
1.0x10-14= [4.9x10^-10][OH-]
[OH-]=2.2x10-11 M
pOH=-log(2.2x10-11)
pOH=10.7
Thus, the pH of the solution is 10.7.
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