For the instrumental approach:
1. Focus on Profit Maximization: The instrumental approach argues that the primary responsibility of a corporation is to maximize profits for its shareholders. By prioritizing financial success, companies can generate resources to invest in research and development, expand operations, and create more job opportunities. This approach emphasizes the importance of economic growth and efficiency, which can benefit not only shareholders but also employees, suppliers, and the overall economy.
2. Competitive Advantage: Adhering to the instrumental approach can lead to a competitive advantage for companies. By focusing on meeting the needs of customers and delivering value, companies can build a strong reputation, attract more customers, and establish long-term relationships. This approach encourages businesses to be innovative, improve quality, and provide efficient customer service, which can ultimately benefit all stakeholders involved.
For the social contract approach:
1. Stakeholder Relationships: The social contract approach emphasizes the broader obligations of a corporation to society and all stakeholders, not just shareholders. It recognizes that corporations exist within a larger social framework and should consider the interests of employees, customers, suppliers, communities, and the environment. By prioritizing these relationships and fulfilling their responsibilities, companies can build trust, loyalty, and long-term sustainability.
2. Reputation and Brand Image: Adopting the social contract approach can enhance a company's reputation and brand image. Consumers are increasingly conscious of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and tend to support businesses that demonstrate ethical behavior and social consciousness. By engaging in CSR initiatives, companies can differentiate themselves from competitors, attract socially responsible investors, and build a positive brand image that can lead to increased customer loyalty and market share.
Both approaches have their merits, and the appropriateness of each approach depends on the specific context, industry, and stakeholders involved. A balanced approach that takes into account both financial performance and social responsibility is often seen as the most sustainable and beneficial in the long run.
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Opinion: It does matter if a company is being opportunistic in adopting CSR practices, as the motives behind their actions can have significant implications for the long-term sustainability and effectiveness of CSR initiatives.
Arguments for the Instrumental Approach:Profit Maximization: By focusing solely on maximizing profits for shareholders, companies can efficiently allocate resources and drive economic growth. This approach ensures that businesses remain financially viable, enabling them to contribute to society through job creation and economic development.
Market Reputation: Embracing CSR practices strategically can enhance a company's brand image and reputation, leading to increased customer loyalty and market share. Positive public perception can translate into higher sales and improved long-term profitability.
Arguments for the Social Contract Approach:Stakeholder Engagement: Adopting a social contract approach involves considering the interests and needs of various stakeholders, including employees, customers, communities, and the environment. By prioritizing their well-being, companies can foster trust, build long-term relationships, and gain a competitive advantage.
Sustainable Business Practices: Embracing CSR as a social contract reflects an understanding of the interconnectedness between business operations and societal well-being. By integrating sustainable practices, companies can minimize environmental impacts, promote resource efficiency, and contribute to the overall welfare of society.
In summary, while the instrumental approach emphasizes profit maximization, the social contract approach emphasizes the broader responsibilities of businesses towards stakeholders and society. Both approaches have their justifications in corporate management, but a balanced approach that integrates both financial and social considerations is often deemed most appropriate for sustainable and responsible business practices.
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(Principles of Marketing)
Your agency has been hired to work on a Monday Night Football promotion for ESPN. Your objective is to create a buzz for Monday Night Football and communicate that it is now on ESPN vs formerly ABC. The budget is healthy and ESPN is looking for a promotion, stunt, sweepstakes, or similar that builds buzz and attracts attention. Because there are legal issues with the Monday Night Football brand during the transition however, there are a few things we can not do including:
You can not say or use "Monday Night Football"
You do not have access to NFL teams' logos, names, likeness, content, etc.
You can not use any current players due to the NFLPA restrictions.
Please briefly outline an overall Marketing Plan that you would present to ESPN. It doesn't need to be a full plan but at least cover an overview for the main points. Be sure to follow the parameters given and make sure your plan includes:
Campaign direction (theme, messaging, headline, tagline, etc.)
Who is the ideal demographic?
What platforms you recommend to promote the campaign on, and why?
What campaign elements would you create and why?
Our marketing plan for ESPN's Monday Night Football promotion involves creating a captivating campaign theme and messaging to generate excitement and attract attention, despite the legal restrictions. We will target the ideal demographic, utilize strategic platforms, and incorporate engaging campaign elements to achieve our objectives.
How can we build buzz for ESPN's Monday Night Football without using the brand name or NFL-related content?Our marketing plan aims to generate buzz and communicate the transition of Monday Night Football to ESPN while adhering to the legal restrictions. The campaign direction will focus on the essence and excitement of Monday night football games, highlighting the shared experience of passionate fans coming together for primetime matchups. Our theme, "Primetime Showdowns Unleashed," captures the thrilling nature of Monday Night Football and the anticipation it brings to fans nationwide.
The messaging will emphasize the energy, intensity, and drama of these games, utilizing phrases like "Unleash the Excitement," and "Unleash the Power of Primetime." The headline, "The Ultimate Primetime Experience," conveys the unique atmosphere surrounding Monday Night Football.
The ideal demographic for this campaign is sports enthusiasts, particularly football fans aged 18-45, who enjoy immersive experiences and crave the excitement of live events. We will target this audience through various platforms, including digital channels such as social media, online streaming platforms, and sports-focused websites.
To promote the campaign, we will create engaging content that captivates the target audience. This includes interactive quizzes, polls, and behind-the-scenes videos that provide exclusive insights into the Monday Night Football experience. Additionally, we will leverage user-generated content, encouraging fans to share their favorite Monday Night Football memories and engage in online conversations using the campaign hashtag #PrimetimeShowdowns.
By incorporating exciting campaign elements such as contests, sweepstakes, and experiential marketing, we will give fans the opportunity to win exclusive access to Monday Night Football events, such as VIP watch parties or meet-and-greet experiences with football legends. These elements will create a sense of anticipation and exclusivity, building buzz around the Monday Night Football brand on ESPN.
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If a pill were invented that made workers twice as productive but their wages did not change, what would happen to the position of the short-run aggregate supply curve? Compare Classical money demand function with Keynesian money demand function. Compare Keynesian money demand function with Monetarist (Fridman) money demand function in terms of stability and responsiveness of change in interest rate.
If a pill were invented that made workers twice as productive but their wages did not change, then the position of the short-run aggregate supply curve would shift to the right. In the short run, the aggregate supply curve is upward sloping.
A shift in the aggregate supply curve occurs when either the general price level or output changes. Productivity growth would cause the short-run aggregate supply curve to shift to the right. This is because an increase in productivity would lead to a decrease in the production cost, as less labor or capital would be needed to produce the same amount of output.
As for the comparison between classical money demand function, Keynesian money demand function, and Monetarist money demand function, here are the details: Classical money demand function is based on the quantity theory of money, which argues that the demand for money is proportional to the price level and the level of output.
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ort plc estimates overhead costs using linear regression analysis of the form y = a + bx where y represents monthly factory overhead costs and x represents mont
Computed values include the following
Correlation coefficient 0.8
Standard error (deviation) of the regression coefficient,b 0.18
For the regression, which of the following represents the percentage of the variance of overhead costs explained by the variance of direct labour hours?
A. 64%
B. 18%
C. 80%
D. 62%
The correct option is A. "64%" So,The percentage of the variance of overhead costs explained by the variance of direct labor hours is 64%.
The correlation coefficient (r) measures the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. In this case, the correlation coefficient is 0.8, indicating a strong positive linear relationship between monthly factory overhead costs (y) and direct labor hours (x).
The coefficient of determination (r²) represents the proportion of the variance in the dependent variable (overhead costs) that can be explained by the independent variable (direct labor hours). It is calculated by squaring the correlation coefficient. Therefore,
r² = (0.8)² = 0.64.
This means that approximately 64% of the variance in overhead costs can be explained by the variance in direct labor hours. The remaining 36% of the variance is likely due to other factors not considered in the regression analysis.
In conclusion, the percentage of the variance of overhead costs explained by the variance of direct labor hours is 64%.Therefore the option A. is correct.
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In its first month of operations bramble company made three purchases of merchandise in the followinf sequence (1) 330 units at $6 (2) 430 units at $7 and (3) 210 units at $8.Assuming there are 380 units on hand compute the cost of the ending inventory under the (a) FIFO (b) LIFO method. Bramble uses a periodic inventory system
Under the FIFO method, the cost of the ending inventory is calculated by assuming that the units purchased first are sold first.
To calculate the cost of the ending inventory using FIFO, we need to determine the cost of the units sold first.
Since there are 380 units on hand and the first purchase was 330 units at $6 each, the cost of the units sold first is 330 units * $6 = $1980.
The remaining 50 units (380 units - 330 units) are from the second purchase, which was 430 units at $7 each. So, the cost of these units is 50 units * $7 = $350.
The cost of the ending inventory under FIFO is the cost of the remaining units, which is 210 units from the third purchase at $8 each. So, the cost of the ending inventory under FIFO is 210 units * $8 = $1680.
Now, let's calculate the cost of the ending inventory using the LIFO method.
Under LIFO, the cost of the ending inventory is calculated by assuming that the units purchased last are sold first.
Since there are 380 units on hand and the last purchase was 210 units at $8 each, the cost of the units sold first is 210 units * $8 = $1680.
The remaining 170 units (380 units - 210 units) are from the second purchase, which was 430 units at $7 each. So, the cost of these units is 170 units * $7 = $1190.
The cost of the ending inventory under LIFO is the cost of the remaining units, which is 330 units from the first purchase at $6 each. So, the cost of the ending inventory under LIFO is 330 units * $6 = $1980.
Therefore, the cost of the ending inventory under the FIFO method is $1680, and the cost of the ending inventory under the LIFO method is $1980.
Bill and Mercedes have $160,000 of taxable income and an additional $10,000 of nontaxable income. Using the 2021 married filing jointly tax rates, what is their tax due, average tax rate, and effective tax rate? If they receive an additional $80,000 of taxable income, what is their marginal tax rate on this income?
To calculate Bill and Mercedes' tax due, average tax rate, and effective tax rate, we need to use the 2021 married filing jointly tax rates.
Tax Due:
First, we need to determine their total taxable income, which is $160,000. Since they have an additional $10,000 of nontaxable income, we subtract it from their taxable income: $160,000 - $10,000 = $150,000.
Now, we can find their tax due by applying the tax rates. For 2021, the tax rates are as follows:
10% on the first $19,900
12% on the income between $19,901 and $81,050
22% on the income between $81,051 and $172,750
24% on the income between $172,751 and $329,850
Since their taxable income is $150,000, we calculate their tax due as:
($19,900 * 10%) + (($81,050 - $19,900) * 12%) + (($150,000 - $81,050) * 22%) = $5,635 + $7,626 + $13,190 = $26,451.
Average Tax Rate:
To find the average tax rate, we divide their tax due by their taxable income:
$26,451 / $150,000 = 0.1763 or 17.63%.
Effective Tax Rate:
The effective tax rate is calculated by dividing the total tax paid (tax due) by their total income, including nontaxable income:
$26,451 / ($160,000 + $10,000) = 0.1545 or 15.45%.
If Bill and Mercedes receive an additional $80,000 of taxable income, we need to determine their marginal tax rate on this income. The marginal tax rate is the tax rate applied to the next dollar of taxable income. Using the 2021 married filing jointly tax rates, the marginal tax rate on this additional income would be 24%, as it falls within the 24% tax bracket.
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Question 3 Petty cash fundi Movingone Company established a petty cash fund on May 1, 2022 by cashing a check for $100. The company reimbursed the fund on June 1, July 1, and July 2 with the following results. June 1: Cash in fund $5. Receipts: delivery expense $20, postage expense $46, and miscellaneous expense $26. July 1: Cash in fund $10. Receipts: delivery expense $21, entertainment expense $53, and miscellaneous expense $18. July 2: Increase petty cash fund to be $150 by cashing a check for $50 Prepare journal entries for Movingone Company on May 1, June 1, July 1, and July 2
Petty cash expenses refer to small cash payments made by a business for various miscellaneous or incidental expenses that are not significant enough to be recorded individually. These costs typically don't amount to much and come up regularly throughout regular business operations. Following are the required journal entries:
May 1:
Debit - Petty Cash (Asset) $100
Credit - Cash (Asset) $100
June 1:
Debit - Delivery Expense (Expense) $20
Debit - Postage Expense (Expense) $46
Debit - Miscellaneous Expense (Expense) $26
Credit - Petty Cash (Asset) $92
Entry for reimbursment:
Debit - Petty Cash (Asset) $95 {100 - 5}
Credit - Cash (Asset) $95
July 1:
Debit - Delivery Expense (Expense) $21
Debit - Entertainment Expense (Expense) $53
Debit - Miscellaneous Expense (Expense) $18
Credit - Petty Cash (Asset) $92
Entry for reimbursment:
Debit - Petty Cash (Asset) $90 {100 - 10}
Credit - Cash (Asset) $90
July 2:
Debit - Cash (Asset) $50
Credit - Petty Cash (Asset) $50
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Sibylle is an ordained minister. Sibylle's salary from her employing church last year was $52,000. The church did not designate any of her salary as housing allowance, Sibylle spent $12,400 to rent her home last year. How much of Sibyll's salary must be included when figuring net income for self-employment tax?
A minister should include all of their net earnings from self-employment in their net income when figuring the self-employment tax. A minister is treated differently than any other taxpayer. They must pay SECA (Self-Employment Contributions Act) tax, which is Social Security and Medicare tax.
A minister must pay SECA tax on their entire net earnings for the year, which include their salary plus any extra income they earn.The amount of self-employment tax that a minister is expected to pay is calculated by multiplying their net earnings from self-employment by the tax rate. As a result, the tax amount is determined by how much the minister earns from self-employment and the percentage of self-employment tax.
The amount of Sibylle's salary that must be included when calculating net income for self-employment tax is $52,000, as the church did not designate any of her salary as a housing allowance. Sibylle is unable to exclude any amount of her income from the self-employment tax because her employer did not designate any of her income as a housing allowance. Therefore, the net income from self-employment tax would be calculated as follows:
Net Income = Gross Income - Expenses
= $52,000 - $0
= $52,000
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Do we expense or capitalize the cost of constructing long-term asset. Cite relevant ASC codification.
The cost of constructing long-term assets must be capitalized. This is in accordance with ASC Codification 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment.
According to ASC Codification, the cost of constructing long-term assets must be capitalized. Long-term assets are items that will be used in the business for a long time. Examples of long-term assets include buildings, equipment, and machinery. These assets are expected to provide benefits for more than one accounting period. They are therefore capitalized and expensed over the course of their useful lives.
In terms of accounting, capitalizing refers to adding the cost of a long-term asset to the balance sheet, while expensing refers to recording the cost on the income statement. Capitalizing the cost of an asset means that it is not recorded as an expense in the year it was incurred, but rather over the course of its useful life.
Under ASC Codification 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, the cost of constructing long-term assets is capitalized. This means that the cost of building an asset is recorded on the balance sheet as an asset. The cost is then depreciated over the useful life of the asset. The useful life of an asset is the period of time over which the asset is expected to provide benefits to the business.
In summary, the cost of constructing long-term assets must be capitalized. This is in accordance with ASC Codification 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment.
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One of the questions in this week’s tutorial problem set came from Squid Game. Rising debt levels, in general, have a _______ impact on aggregate demand, shifting the AD curve to the ______. a. negative; left b. positive; left c. positive; right d. negative; right
Consider just the AD curve. Suppose consumption (C) broadly increases across the entire economy. This will cause:
a.
a movement along the AD curve.
b.
a decrease in the price level of the economy.
c.
the AD curve to shift right (outward).
d.
the slope of the AD curve to get steeper.
With the AD–AS graph, what variable is on the vertical axis?
a.
The price level.
b.
The price of the good we are studying.
c.
National income.
d.
The price of labour.
According to the wealth effect, all else equal, a lower price level leads to:
a.
higher real-wealth values and a higher quantity of AD.
b.
lower savings and a lower quantity of AD.
c.
lower investment and a lower quantity of AD.
Rising debt levels have a negative impact on aggregate demand, shifting the AD curve to the left. When consumption increases across the entire economy, it causes the AD curve to shift right (outward). The vertical axis on the AD-AS graph represents the price level. According to the wealth effect, a lower price level leads to higher real-wealth values and a higher quantity of aggregate demand.
Rising debt levels generally have a negative impact on aggregate demand because they increase the financial burden on individuals and households, reducing their ability to spend on goods and services. This decrease in consumer spending shifts the aggregate demand (AD) curve to the left. Therefore, the correct answer to the first question is (a) negative; left.
When consumption increases across the entire economy, it leads to a higher level of aggregate demand. This increase in consumer spending shifts the AD curve to the right (outward), reflecting a higher quantity of goods and services demanded at each price level. Consequently, the correct answer to the second question is (c) the AD curve to shift right (outward).
In an AD-AS graph, the vertical axis represents the price level. The AD-AS model illustrates the relationship between the aggregate demand and supply in an economy, with the price level on the vertical axis and real output or national income on the horizontal axis. Hence, the correct answer to the third question is (a) The price level.
According to the wealth effect, a lower price level leads to higher real-wealth values and a higher quantity of aggregate demand. When the price level decreases, the purchasing power of money increases, making individuals feel wealthier. This, in turn, encourages higher levels of consumption spending, leading to an increase in aggregate demand. Therefore, the correct answer to the fourth question is (a) higher real-wealth values and a higher quantity of AD.
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Question 19 Competitive Marketing Intelligence uses data source which are a. Private Publicly Available internal d. • expensive to another question will save this response.
Competitive Marketing Intelligence uses data sources that are both publicly available and internal.
Competitive Marketing Intelligence (CMI) is the practice of gathering and analyzing data on rival firms and marketplaces for the purpose of making more informed business decisions. It aids businesses in developing and executing more effective marketing campaigns by providing insight into the competitive landscape of their market. It may be gathered from a variety of sources, including customer feedback, surveys, social media, and public and private databases. Some of the popular sources are mentioned below:
1. Publicly available data sources: This includes news stories, government databases, industry research reports, and patent filings. Such information is available for everyone.
2. Internal data sources: This includes a company's own data, such as sales data, customer data, and employee feedback. This type of information is available only to the company.
3. External data sources: This includes data purchased from market research firms, industry trade associations, and other companies that provide marketing intelligence data. Such information is expensive and only available to those who can afford it.
The use of publicly available and internal data sources in Competitive Marketing Intelligence makes it an effective and affordable strategy for businesses to gain a competitive advantage.
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Once an owner takes custody of a building that was deliverable in a facility management project, typically the next steps is that the owner a) formally commissions the building b) begins the process of formal deliverable acceptance c) conducts the punch list/snagging list walk through. d) place the facility manager in charge of the operating and maintaining the building.
Once an owner takes custody of a building that was deliverable in a facility management project, typically the next step is: a) formally commission the building.
When the owner takes custody of a building in a facility management project, the next important step is to formally commission the building. This involves officially declaring the building as ready for use and acknowledging that it has been constructed in accordance with the agreed specifications and requirements.
The commissioning process ensures that all necessary systems and components within the building are functioning properly and ready for operation. It may involve conducting tests, inspections, and verification procedures to validate the building's functionality, safety, and compliance with applicable regulations.
The commissioning phase typically involves collaboration between the owner, the project team, and relevant stakeholders to ensure a smooth transition from construction to occupancy.
Therefore, the correct answer is: a) formally commissions the building
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‘Netting Affects The Collateral That Has To Be Posted And The Settlement In The Event Of An Early Termination’. Explain?
‘Netting affects the collateral that has to be posted and the settlement in the event of an early termination’. Explain?
When netting is applied to derivative contracts, it affects both the collateral that has to be posted and the settlement in the event of an early termination.
Netting refers to the process of offsetting or consolidating multiple financial transactions or obligations between two parties into a single net amount. It is commonly used in derivatives contracts, such as swaps, futures, and options, to simplify the calculation of payments and reduce credit exposure.
Collateral Posting: In derivative agreements, counterparties frequently demand that one another post collateral in order to reduce the contract's associated credit risk. As a kind of security, collateral offers protection in the event that one party fails to uphold its obligations. Through netting, counterparties are able to determine their risk by taking the whole amount owing into account rather than the sum of each individual transaction. This entails that the parties can post collateral based on the net amount rather than posting collateral for each individual transaction, lowering the overall collateral need.
Early Termination: Derivative contracts may occasionally be terminated before they are supposed to mature. This may occur for a number of reasons, including default, insolvency, or the occurrence of particular circumstances mentioned in the contract. Netting makes settlement easier when early termination happens.
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Derby Phones is considering the introduction of a new model of headphones with the following price and cost characteristics. 24 per unit Sales price Variable costs Fixed costs 6 per unit 26,000 per month Assume that the projected number of units sold for the month is 6,000. Consider requirements (b), (c), and (d) independently of each other. Required: a. What will the operating profit be? b. What is the impact on operating profit if the sales price decreases by 10 percent? Increases by 20 percent? c. What is the impact on operating profit if variable costs per unit decrease by 10 percent? Increase by 20 percent? d. Suppose that fixed costs for the year are 10 percent lower than projected, and variable costs per unit are 10 percent higher than projected. What impact will these cost changes have on operating profit for the year? Will profit go up? Down? By how much?
a. The operating profit will be $82,000.
b. If the sales price decreases by 10 percent, the operating profit will be $67,600. If the sales price increases by 20 percent, the operating profit will be $110,800.
c. If the variable costs per unit decrease by 10 percent, the operating profit will be $85,600. If the variable costs per unit increase by 20 percent, the operating profit will be $74,800.
d. If the fixed costs for the year are 10 percent lower and the variable costs per unit are 10 percent higher, the impact on operating profit for the year cannot be determined without knowing the projected number of units sold and the new fixed costs and variable costs.
a. To calculate the operating profit, we need to subtract the total variable costs and fixed costs from the total sales revenue.
Total variable costs = Variable cost per unit x Number of units sold = $6 x 6,000 = $36,000
Total fixed costs = $26,000
Operating profit = Total sales revenue - Total variable costs - Total fixed costs
Operating profit = (Sales price per unit x Number of units sold) - Total variable costs - Total fixed costs
Operating profit = ($24 x 6,000) - $36,000 - $26,000
Operating profit = $144,000 - $36,000 - $26,000
Operating profit = $82,000
b. If the sales price decreases by 10 percent, the new sales price per unit will be $24 - (10% of $24) = $24 - $2.40 = $21.60.
New operating profit = (New sales price per unit x Number of units sold) - Total variable costs - Total fixed costs
New operating profit = ($21.60 x 6,000) - $36,000 - $26,000
New operating profit = $129,600 - $36,000 - $26,000
New operating profit = $67,600
If the sales price increases by 20 percent, the new sales price per unit will be $24 + (20% of $24) = $24 + $4.80 = $28.80.
New operating profit = (New sales price per unit x Number of units sold) - Total variable costs - Total fixed costs
New operating profit = ($28.80 x 6,000) - $36,000 - $26,000
New operating profit = $172,800 - $36,000 - $26,000
New operating profit = $110,800
c. If the variable costs per unit decrease by 10 percent, the new variable cost per unit will be $6 - (10% of $6) = $6 - $0.60 = $5.40.
New operating profit = (Sales price per unit x Number of units sold) - (New variable cost per unit x Number of units sold) - Total fixed costs
New operating profit = ($24 x 6,000) - ($5.40 x 6,000) - $26,000
New operating profit = $144,000 - $32,400 - $26,000
New operating profit = $85,600
If the variable costs per unit increase by 20 percent, the new variable cost per unit will be $6 + (20% of $6) = $6 + $1.20 = $7.20.
New operating profit = (Sales price per unit x Number of units sold) - (New variable cost per unit x Number of units sold) - Total fixed costs
New operating profit = ($24 x 6,000) - ($7.20 x 6,000) - $26,000
New operating profit = $144,000 - $43,200 - $26,000
New operating profit = $74,800
d. If the fixed costs for the year are 10 percent lower than projected, the new fixed costs will be $26,000 - (10% of $26,000) = $26,000 - $2,600 = $23,400.
If the variable costs per unit are 10 percent higher than projected, the new variable cost per unit will be $6 + (10% of $6) = $6 + $0.60 = $6.60.
New operating profit = (Sales price per unit x Number of units sold) - (New variable cost per unit x Number of units sold) - New fixed costs
New operating profit = ($24 x 6,000) - ($6.60 x 6,000) - $23,400
New operating profit = $144,000 - $39,600 - $23,400
New operating profit = $81,000
Comparing the new operating profit with the previous operating profit of $82,000, we can see that the cost changes have resulted in a decrease in operating profit by $1,000. Therefore, the profit has gone down by $1,000.
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What kind of qualities and skills does a good project manager have? What does a project manager actually do?
A good project manager possesses a combination of specific qualities and skills that enable them to effectively lead and manage projects.
Here are some key qualities and skills that a good project manager should have:
Leadership: A project manager should have strong leadership skills to inspire and motivate the project team, provide guidance, and make critical decisions.
Communication: Effective communication is crucial for a project manager to clearly articulate project goals, expectations, and progress to stakeholders, team members, and clients. It includes both listening and speaking skills.
Organization: Project managers need to be highly organized to develop project plans, establish timelines, set priorities, and manage resources efficiently. They should also have good attention to detail to track progress and ensure that tasks are completed on time.
Problem-solving: Projects often encounter challenges and obstacles, and a good project manager should be adept at identifying and addressing problems. They should be able to think critically, analyze situations, and come up with effective solutions.
Time management: Project managers are responsible for meeting project deadlines and delivering results within the allocated time frame. Effective time management skills help them prioritize tasks, allocate resources, and ensure timely completion.
Team management: A project manager must have the ability to build and manage a cohesive project team. This involves assigning roles and responsibilities, fostering collaboration, resolving conflicts, and leveraging individual strengths.
Risk management: Project managers should possess skills in identifying and assessing risks that could impact the project's success. They should be proactive in developing mitigation strategies and contingency plans to minimize potential disruptions.
Adaptability: Projects often require adjustments and adaptations due to changing circumstances. A good project manager should be flexible and adaptable, able to navigate unforeseen challenges and adjust project plans accordingly.
Financial management: Project managers need to have a basic understanding of budgeting and financial management. They should be able to monitor project costs, allocate resources efficiently, and make informed decisions regarding financial priorities.
Stakeholder management: Project managers interact with various stakeholders, including clients, team members, executives, and external partners. The ability to effectively manage stakeholder expectations, engage in stakeholder communication, and build positive relationships is crucial.
In terms of their role and responsibilities, a project manager is responsible for the overall planning, execution, monitoring, and successful completion of a project. They define project objectives, develop project plans, allocate resources, manage risks, track progress, and ensure that deliverables are achieved within the defined scope, budget, and timeline.
They serve as the central point of contact and coordination for all project-related activities and stakeholders, facilitating effective communication and collaboration among team members. Additionally, project managers play a vital role in managing project documentation, conducting regular project status meetings, and providing regular updates and reports to stakeholders.
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The Organic Bread Company (OBC) makes a range of breads for sale direct to the public. The production process begins with workers weighing out ingredients on electronic scales and then placing them in a machine for mixing. A worker then manually removes the mix from the machine and shapes it into loaves by hand, after which the bread is then placed into the oven for baking.
All baked loaves are then inspected by OBC’s quality inspector before they are packaged up and made ready for sale.
Any loaves which fail the inspection are donated to a local food bank.
The standard cost card for OBC’s ‘Mixed Bloomer’, one of its most popular loaves, is as follows:
¢
White flour 450 grams at ¢1·80 per kg 0·81
Wholegrain flour 150 grams at ¢2·20 per kg 0·33
Yeast 10 grams at ¢20 per kg 0·20
Total 610 grams 1·34
Budgeted production of Mixed Bloomers was 1,000 units for the quarter, although actual production was only 950 units. The total actual quantities used, and their actual costs were:
Kg ¢ per kg
White flour 408·5 1·90
Wholegrain flour 152·0 2·10
Yeast 10·0 20·00
Total 570·5
Required:
(a) Calculate the total material mix variance and the total material yield variance for OBC for the last quarter.
(b) Using the information in the question, suggest THREE possible reasons why an ADVERSE MATERIAL YIELD variance could arise at OBC.
(a) Material yield variance = Budgeted price per unit of white flour × (Actual quantity of white flour - (Budgeted quantity of white flour per unit of actual output × actual output)) + Budgeted price per unit of wholegrain flour × (Actual quantity of wholegrain flour - (Budgeted quantity of wholegrain flour per unit of actual output × actual output)) + Budgeted price per unit of yeast × (Actual quantity of yeast - (Budgeted quantity of yeast per unit of actual output × actual output))= 1.80 × (408.5 - (0.45 × 950)) + 2.20 × (152.0 - (0.15 × 950)) + 0.20 × (10.0 - (0.01 × 950))= -15.90.
(b) Three possible reasons why an ADVERSE MATERIAL YIELD variance could arise at OBC are:1. Over-measurement of input quantities: If the workers weigh out too much of the ingredients, it will increase the actual cost of production per unit of output, leading to an adverse material yield variance.2. Under-utilization of inputs: If the workers do not use all the ingredients that are mixed.
3. Poor quality inputs: If the quality of the inputs used is poor, then it may result in a lower actual output. In this case, more inputs will be required to produce the same amount of output, leading to an adverse material yield variance.
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Most Millennials and Gen Z have never seen a "check register" and cannot imagine not looking at the "app" to find their current bank balance. Your friend, Tom, relies entirely on the Wells Fargo app to know how much he has in the bank. Tom uses Venmo or his debit card for most of his transactions, although he has to write a check for his rent every month. His parents transfer money to Tom's account each month, but it is irregular, and the amounts differ. Tom periodically receives a check from a guy he does some work for - some of the checks are NSF, although the guy always pays up in the end. Tom also has a regular job on campus, but his hours are erratic and he never knows what his paycheck will be. Please create a thread using your first and last name, and respond to the following:
What might Tom miss by not reconciling his bank statement to his records each month? Give reasons why Tom should perform a formal monthly bank reconciliation?
Does he need to do the journal entries formally too?
Are there potential costs for Tom that he could avoid?
Tom might miss discrepancies and errors in his bank transactions by not reconciling his bank statement to his records each month. Reconciliation helps identify any missing or incorrect transactions, such as unauthorized charges, duplicate payments, or errors in deposit amounts.
Performing a formal monthly bank reconciliation is essential for Tom to maintain accurate financial records and have a clear understanding of his financial situation. It allows him to verify the accuracy of his transactions, ensure that all deposits and withdrawals are accounted for, and reconcile any differences between his records and the bank statement. Reconciliation also helps Tom track his spending, detect any fraudulent activities, and maintain control over his finances.
In addition to reconciling his bank statement, Tom should also consider performing formal journal entries. While it may seem unnecessary for someone who relies on digital banking and apps, formal journal entries can provide a comprehensive record of all financial transactions. Journal entries capture the details of each transaction, such as the date, description, debit, and credit amounts. They help maintain a clear audit trail, facilitate accurate financial reporting, and provide a historical record of Tom's financial activities.
By regularly reconciling his bank statement and performing formal journal entries, Tom can avoid potential costs and financial risks. Reconciliation helps identify errors or unauthorized transactions promptly, enabling him to address them with the bank or take appropriate action. It reduces the likelihood of overdrafts, penalties, or fees due to missed payments or incorrect balances. Formal journal entries ensure accurate financial reporting, which can be crucial for tax purposes, financial planning, or obtaining loans in the future. Ultimately, these practices help Tom maintain financial control, improve his financial decision-making, and avoid unnecessary costs or complications.
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EMAIL WRITING OF 2 CASES BELOW MAXIMUM 2000 WORD
You are the manager of Seneca Resort. The resort contains a bar, restaurant, hotel, various activities (golf course, skiing, indoor/outdoor pool, sauna, spa, games room, dance club, etc.) and a conference centre. The resort is an older property, but the new owners have been refurbishing the property for the past year and plans are for it to be completed next year.
One of the unique features about the resort is the proximity to Toronto Pearson Airport, so you offer a complimentary airport shuttle for your guests. You also offer a package where guests can stay the night before their flight and after their return fight and leave their car parked at the resort for their trip duration.
As the manager, you have access to partial refunds, full refunds, complimentary meal(s), complimentary room(s), etc. or just say "sorry" as needed. It is your job to understand why the customer is writing and for you to focus on first contact resolution (i.e., resolve the issue they are writing about to the best of your ability). You are expected to use your own judgement on how to appropriately resolve the customers issue.
Write a professional business letter responding to this letter that you received.
CASE 2 :
You are the manager of Seneca Resort. The resort contains a bar, restaurant, hotel, various activities (golf course, skiing, indoor/outdoor pool, sauna, spa, games room, dance club, etc.) and a conference centre. The resort is an older property, but the new owners have been refurbishing the property for the past year and plans are for it to be completed next year.
One of the unique features about the resort is the proximity to Toronto Pearson Airport, so you offer a complimentary airport shuttle for your guests. You also offer a package where guests can stay the night before their flight and after their return fight and leave their car parked at the resort for their trip duration.
As the manager, you have access to partial refunds, full refunds, complimentary meal(s), complimentary room(s), etc. or just say "sorry" as needed. It is your job to understand why the customer is writing and for you to focus on first contact resolution (i.e., resolve the issue they are writing about to the best of your ability). You are expected to use your own judgement on how to appropriately resolve the customers issue.
Respond to the e-mail you have received.
Business Letter in response to the letter received:Dear [Customer Name],We were disheartened to learn that your recent experience with us at Seneca Resort fell short of your expectations. We are committed to providing our guests with the best possible experience, and we apologize that we failed to do so during your stay.
Your feedback regarding the dirty towels, the rude behavior of the receptionist, and the lack of available activities has been shared with our team, and we assure you that corrective measures have been taken. Please rest assured that these are not the usual standards of our resort and we will work diligently to ensure this doesn't happen again.In order to make up for the inconvenience caused during your stay, we would like to offer you a complimentary night's stay in one of our renovated rooms along with a free meal in our restaurant. We hope that this gesture of goodwill will demonstrate our commitment to providing our guests with the best possible experience.
In order to redeem this offer, please get in touch with us on our toll-free number or by replying to this email, and we will be happy to make the necessary arrangements.Thank you for bringing these issues to our attention, and we hope to have the opportunity to welcome you back to Seneca Resort soon. If there is anything else we can do to make your next stay with us more enjoyable, please don't hesitate to let us know.Sincerely,[Your Name]Manager, Seneca Resort.
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In 2017 Visa (V) revenue was of $18,358,000, net income of
$6,467,000, total assets of $69,042,000, and 2,232,000 shares of
common stock outstanding. If Visa’s P/E ratio is 50, what is the
company's
If Visa’s P/E ratio is 50: The company's current stock price is $145 per share.
The price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio is calculated by dividing the market price per share by the earnings per share (EPS). To find the market price per share, we can multiply the P/E ratio by the EPS.
EPS = Net Income / Number of Shares Outstanding
EPS = $6,467,000 / 2,232,000
EPS = $2.9 (rounded to the nearest tenth)
P/E ratio = 50 (given)
Market Price per Share = P/E ratio × EPS
Market Price per Share = 50 × $2.9
Market Price per Share = $145
Therefore, the company's current stock price is $145 per share.
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Complete question:
In 2017 Visa (V) revenue was of $18,358,000, net income of $6,467,000, total assets of $69,042,000, and 2,232,000 shares of common stock outstanding. If Visa’s P/E ratio is 50, what is the company's current stock price?
$125 per share
$145 per share
$155 per share
$175 per share
Shirts are manufactured at a factory in LA.
To produce shirts, the cloth must first be cut and folded, which requires 30 seconds on average for each shirt. There are 4separate machines available for this task.
After the cloth is cut, USC logo is printed on the shirts. There are 3 printing machines, each of which can print on one shirt in 15 seconds.
Finally, the printed shirt is then reviewed and packaged by a quality control worker. On average, this takes 1 minute per shirt, but the standard deviation of this inspection step is 30 seconds. There are 4 quality control employees for this task.
Orders for shirts arrive at exponentially distributed intervals, with an average of 240 orders per hour.
From beginning to end, the average time to produce one shirt is 3.5 minutes.
a) Find the capacity at each resource.
b) On average, there are 3 shirts at the cutting step and 5 shirts at the inspection step. How many items are on average in the printing step?
c) To reduce average wait time, the factory wants to reduce the utilization of the inspection workers to 50%. How many total workers should there be at the inspection step in order to achieve this?
d) Under the new staffing derived in (c), what is the new average waiting time (in minutes) at the inspection step?
a) The capacity at each resource is 8 shirts per minute for cutting, 12 shirts per minute for printing, and 4 shirts per minute for inspection.
b) On average, there are 25 shirts in the printing step.
c) To achieve a 50% utilization rate, there should be a total of 50 workers at the inspection step.
d) The new average waiting time at the inspection step is 0.1 minute or 6 seconds.
a) To find the capacity at each resource, we need to calculate the number of shirts each resource can process per unit of time.
Cutting Step:
Each machine takes an average of 30 seconds to cut and fold one shirt.Capacity of each machine = 1 / (30 seconds/shirt) = 1/0.5 = 2 shirts per minuteTotal capacity of cutting step = 4 machines * 2 shirts per minute = 8 shirts per minutePrinting Step:
Each machine takes 15 seconds to print on one shirt.Capacity of each machine = 1 / (15 seconds/shirt) = 1/0.25 = 4 shirts per minuteTotal capacity of printing step = 3 machines * 4 shirts per minute = 12 shirts per minuteInspection Step:
Each worker takes an average of 1 minute to review and package one shirt.Capacity of each worker = 1 / (1 minute/shirt) = 1 shirt per minuteTotal capacity of inspection step = 4 workers * 1 shirt per minute = 4 shirts per minuteWe know that on average, there are 3 shirts at the cutting step and 5 shirts at the inspection step. Let's calculate the average number of shirts in the printing step.
Total average number of shirts = Total average number of shirts in cutting step + Total average number of shirts in printing step + Total average number of shirts in inspection step
Total average number of shirts = 3 shirts (cutting) + X shirts (printing) + 5 shirts (inspection)
We know that the total average time to produce one shirt is 3.5 minutes. Since there are 4 machines in the cutting step and each machine has a capacity of 2 shirts per minute, the total average number of shirts in the cutting step is 4 machines * 2 shirts per minute * 3.5 minutes = 28 shirts.
Therefore, the equation becomes:
28 shirts + X shirts + 5 shirts = Total average number of shirtsSince the total average number of shirts is equal to the average number of shirts in each step multiplied by the utilization time, we can rewrite the equation as:
28 shirts + X shirts + 5 shirts = 3 shirts (cutting) * utilization time + X shirts (printing) * utilization time + 5 shirts (inspection) * utilization time
We know that the utilization time for cutting and inspection steps is 100% (1), so the equation becomes:
28 shirts + X shirts + 5 shirts = 3 shirts + X shirts + 5 shirtsSimplifying the equation:
28 shirts + X shirts + 5 shirts = 8 shirts + X shirts28 shirts + 5 shirts = 8 shirts33 shirts = 8 shirtsX shirts = 33 - 8 shirtsX shirts = 25 shirtsTherefore, on average, there are 25 shirts in the printing step.
To reduce the utilization of the inspection workers to 50%, we need to calculate the number of total workers required at the inspection step. Let's assume the new total number of workers at the inspection step is Y.
The new utilization time for the inspection step is 50% (0.5). The equation becomes:
Total average number of shirts = 3 shirts (cutting) * utilization time + X shirts (printing) * utilization time + Y workers (inspection) * utilization time
28 shirts + 25 shirts = 3 shirts + 25 shirts + Y workers * 0.5
53 shirts = 28 shirts + 0.5Y workers
0.5Y workers = 53 shirts - 28 shirts
0.5Y workers = 25 shirts
Y workers = 25 shirts / 0.5
Y workers = 50 workers
Therefore, to achieve a 50% utilization rate, there should be a total of 50 workers at the inspection step.
To calculate the new average waiting time at the inspection step, we need to consider the staffing level derived in part (c).
The new average waiting time can be calculated using Little's Law, which states:
Average waiting time = Average number of shirts in the system / ThroughputThe average number of shirts in the system is given as 5 shirts.
The throughput can be calculated as the total capacity of the inspection step, considering the new staffing level:
Throughput = Total capacity of inspection step = 50 workers * 1 shirt per minute = 50 shirts per minuteAverage waiting time = 5 shirts / 50 shirts per minute = 0.1 minute = 6 seconds. Therefore, the new average waiting time at the inspection step is 0.1 minute or 6 seconds.
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Which of the following is NOT an example of foreign direct investment by a company?
A. Acquiring another company abroad
B. Buying stocks and bonds in a foreign country
C. Building a manufacturing plant in a foreign market
D. Investing in a marketing and distribution firm abroad to sell the company's products
E. Setting up a foreign R&D center
Therefore, option B is not an example of foreign direct investment.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to an investment in a foreign company or the acquisition of a foreign company. It implies that the investing company has a significant amount of control over the foreign firm and is involved in the management of the company. Here are some examples of FDI:
A. Acquiring another company abroadB. Buying stocks and bonds in a foreign countryC. Building a manufacturing plant in a foreign marketD. Investing in a marketing and distribution firm abroad to sell the company's productsE. Setting up a foreign R&D centerThe option that is not an example of foreign direct investment is B. Buying stocks and bonds in a foreign country.
This is because buying stocks and bonds does not provide the investing company with a significant amount of control over the foreign firm, and the investing company is not involved in the management of the foreign firm. Instead, it is a passive investment in the foreign firm. Therefore, option B is not an example of foreign direct investment.
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15 The PEST or PESTEL analysis is used to: Identify the stage of the industry lifecycle that a company is in Determine the strategy which would allow a company to gain competitive advantage Assess the attractiveness of the industry in which a business is operating Evaluate the macro environment in which a business is operating
The PEST or PESTEL analysis is used to evaluate the macro environment in which a business is operating.
The PEST or PESTEL analysis is a framework commonly used in strategic management to assess the external factors that can impact a business or industry. It stands for Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, Technological, Environmental, and Legal factors. By conducting a PEST or PESTEL analysis, companies can gain a better understanding of the external environment and its potential impact on their operations.
The analysis helps identify and evaluate various macro-level factors that can affect a business, such as government policies and regulations, economic conditions, cultural trends, technological advancements, environmental concerns, and legal requirements. By considering these factors, companies can make informed decisions, develop effective strategies, and adapt to changes in the external environment.
The PEST or PESTEL analysis does not directly determine the stage of the industry lifecycle a company is in, the specific strategies for gaining competitive advantage, or the overall attractiveness of the industry. However, it provides valuable insights into the external factors that can influence these aspects and guides decision-making accordingly.
the primary purpose of a PEST or PESTEL analysis is to evaluate the macro environment in which a business operates, enabling companies to understand the external factors that may impact their operations and make informed strategic decisions.
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Caribbean Music (Discussion)
Choose any two pieces of Caribbean music which you believe demonstrate that Caribbean music is more than entertainment and relaxation.
Discuss the value and meaning of the music chosen for Caribbean society.
One piece of Caribbean music that goes beyond entertainment and relaxation is "Redemption Song" by Bob Marley. This iconic reggae song carries powerful messages of freedom, liberation, and social justice. It resonates deeply with Caribbean society as it reflects the struggles and aspirations of the region's history of colonialism and oppression.
What "Redemption Song" serves?"Redemption Song" serves as a rallying anthem, inspiring unity, self-empowerment, and the pursuit of equality. Its lyrics encourage individuals to free themselves from mental slavery and take control of their own destiny. The song holds significant cultural and historical value for Caribbean society as it represents the spirit of resistance and resilience.
Another example is "El Cuarto de Tula" by Buena Vista Social Club, representing the vibrant genre of Cuban music known as son. This song showcases the cultural richness and social significance of Caribbean music. "El Cuarto de Tula" is not only a catchy and joyful composition but also tells a story of a lively neighborhood gathering place where people come together to socialize, share stories, and find solace in music.
It reflects the importance of community and social connections in Caribbean society, promoting a sense of belonging and collective identity. This song holds a special place in Cuban culture, preserving traditional music styles and serving as a reminder of the cultural heritage that Caribbean communities cherish.
Overall, these two pieces of Caribbean music transcend mere entertainment and relaxation by carrying profound messages and embodying the values and experiences of Caribbean society. They serve as cultural expressions, tools of empowerment, and vehicles for social commentary.
Through their lyrics, melodies, and rhythms, they celebrate the resilience, identity, and shared struggles of the Caribbean people, making them more than just songs but powerful expressions of the Caribbean spirit.
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The article in WSJ from June 4, 2020, tells that "Yields on China’s 10-year sovereign bonds, denominated in yuan, this week hit their highest levels since late February at about 2.83%"
Assume that on June 4, 2020, China’s 10-year sovereign bond has a coupon rate of 4.5( with two coupon payments in a year). What is the price of the bond?
On June 4, 2020, China’s 10-year sovereign bond has a coupon rate of 4.5 (with two coupon payments in a year). Bond Price = $107.48 (approx). Hence, the price of the bond is $107.48 (approx).
Calculation of Coupon Payment:-
Nominal value (Par Value) of Bond (FV) = $100 Coupon rate = 4.5%Frequency of coupon payment = 2 times a year
So, the coupon payment will be Coupon Payment = (FV * coupon rate) / frequency of coupon payment= (100 * 4.5) / 2= $2.25
Calculation of Yield to Maturity (YTM):To calculate Yield to maturity (YTM), we need to know the price of the bond. We can use the formula below to calculate the bond price.Bond Price = (Coupon Payment / (1 + (YTM / 2))) + (Coupon Payment / (1 + (YTM / 2))2) + … + (Coupon Payment + Par Value) / (1 + (YTM / 2)) n Where,n = number of years = 10 years frequency of coupon payment = 2 times a year Coupon Payment = $2.25 Par Value = $100 YTM is the unknown variable that we want to solve.Therefore,Putting all the values in the above formula, we get,Bond Price = (2.25 / (1 + (YTM / 2))) + (2.25 / (1 + (YTM / 2))2) + … + (2.25 + 100) / (1 + (YTM / 2))20
So, Bond Price = ∑ (Coupon Payment / (1 + (YTM / 2))t) + (Par Value / (1 + (YTM / 2))n)t varies from 1 to 20 and n = 20
Solving the above equation using Excel Solver or financial calculator or by trial and error method, we get YTM = 3.919%.
Therefore, Bond Price = $107.48 (approx).Hence, the price of the bond is $107.48 (approx).
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Your reading this week references the 2013 State of the Industry Report by the ASTD. See if you can research and find the most recent State of the Industry report and share what insights differ now than from what they did back in 2013.
The 2013 State of the Industry Report by the ASTD (now known as ATD) is referenced in the reading. Research should be conducted to find the most recent State of the Industry report and identify the differences.
The American Society for Training & Development (ASTD), now known as the Association for Talent Development (ATD), publishes an annual State of the Industry report that provides insights and trends in the field of talent development. While I cannot access the internet in real-time to provide the most recent report, you can refer to the ATD website or other reliable sources to obtain the latest edition.
Comparing the 2013 State of the Industry report to the most recent one, there are likely several differences in the insights and trends. The newer report would reflect changes and developments in the talent development landscape over the years, taking into account emerging technologies, evolving learning methodologies, and shifting organizational needs.
Some possible differences could include the increased adoption of digital learning platforms, the growing importance of data analytics in measuring training effectiveness, the impact of remote work and virtual training due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the focus on upskilling and reskilling in response to changing skill requirements.
By examining the most recent State of the Industry report, you can gain valuable insights into the current state of talent development and identify the key trends and practices that are shaping the field today.
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The 2013 State of the Industry Report by the ASTD (now known as ATD) is referenced in the reading. Research should be conducted to find the most recent State of the Industry report and identify the differences.
The American Society for Training & Development (ASTD), now known as the Association for Talent Development (ATD), publishes an annual State of the Industry report that provides insights and trends in the field of talent development. While I cannot access the internet in real-time to provide the most recent report, you can refer to the ATD website or other reliable sources to obtain the latest edition.
Comparing the 2013 State of the Industry report to the most recent one, there are likely several differences in the insights and trends. The newer report would reflect changes and developments in the talent development landscape over the years, taking into account emerging technologies, evolving learning methodologies, and shifting organizational needs.
Some possible differences could include the increased adoption of digital learning platforms, the growing importance of data analytics in measuring training effectiveness, the impact of remote work and virtual training due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the focus on upskilling and reskilling in response to changing skill requirements.
By examining the most recent State of the Industry report, you can gain valuable insights into the current state of talent development and identify the key trends and practices that are shaping the field today.
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Some public service commissions let utilities include construction in progress-construction dollars spent for projects not yet completed in their rate-making asset bases. Other states allow only completed projects to be included. Required: Which approach favors shareholders? Why?
Allowing utilities to include construction-in-progress dollars in their rate-making asset bases favors shareholders by providing earlier returns, reducing financial risks, and offering greater certainty and stability for their investments.
The approach that favors shareholders is allowing utilities to include construction in progress (CIP) dollars in their rate-making asset bases. When CIP expenditures are included, utilities can capitalize on the costs incurred during the construction phase and include them in their rate base, which forms the foundation for determining the rates they can charge customers.
This approach benefits shareholders for several reasons. Firstly, including CIP dollars in the rate base allows utilities to start earning a return on their investment sooner, increasing their potential profitability.
Secondly, it reduces the financial risks associated with large-scale projects by allowing utilities to recover costs incrementally over time, rather than bearing the burden entirely until completion. Thirdly, it provides shareholders with a higher level of certainty and stability, as it helps ensure a steady stream of revenue and return on investment.
In contrast, the approach that only allows completed projects to be included in the rate base delays the potential return on investment for shareholders until the project is fully operational. This increases the financial risks for shareholders and may reduce their confidence in the utility's ability to generate returns in a timely manner.
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Explain two marketing strategies based on the omnichannel approach?
The strategies that companies can use to market through an omnichannel approach are Personalization and Content Marketing.
The omnichannel approach has been a popular marketing strategy that a lot of businesses use today. The omnichannel strategy is a sales approach that creates a seamless experience for customers throughout their buying journey, from discovery to delivery.
This approach uses several channels of marketing to engage customers such as brick-and-mortar, website, mobile app, social media, email, and more. The strategies that companies can use to market through an omnichannel approach are Personalization and Content Marketing.
Personalization: Personalization involves tailoring the message, product, or service to the individual consumer, rather than broadcasting a broad message to all customers. Personalization is important because it helps the company to enhance its relationship with customers by making them feel special and valued. The Omnichannel strategy ensures that the company gathers customer data and uses it to tailor its message to each customer.
Content Marketing: Content marketing involves creating valuable content that can attract and retain customers. Through content marketing, the company can reach out to potential customers and provide them with relevant information. Content marketing includes blog posts, articles, social media posts, and more.
The company must ensure that the content it produces is engaging and informative and is tailored to meet the customer's needs. In addition, companies need to ensure that the content is delivered through the right channels, such as social media, email, or other channels. In conclusion, personalization and content marketing are two marketing strategies based on the omnichannel approach. These strategies help the company to engage customers and provide them with the best experience.
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.1--Sawsan Company earned revenues of $180 000 in cash and $220 000 on account during 2021. Of the $220 000 on account, $61 000 was collected in cash during 2021 and the rest was collected in 2022. Sawsan incurred expenses of $135 000 on account during 2021 and disbursed cash totaling $100 000 during 2021. As a small, family-owned (closely held corporation) Sawsan chooses to employ the cash-basis. What amount of net income or earnings should Sawsan report for 2021?
2--Qiwang Company earned revenues of $150 000 in cash and $200 000 on account during 2021. Of the $200 000 on account, $63 000 was collected in cash during 2021 and the rest was collected in 2022. Qiwang incurred expenses of $115 000 on account during 2021 and disbursed cash totaling $70 000 during 2021. As a publicly-traded company, Qiwang is required to report in accordance with GAAP--must provide GAAP-based earnings to shareholders. What amount of net income or earnings should Qiwang report for 2021?
3--What does the (new) revenue recognition principle require?
4--On June 1, 2021 Starbuds paid the rent of $114 000 for 10 of its stores in Tampa and St Petersburg Florida. This rent payment covers the period from June 1, 2021 to November 30, 2021. Starbuds is publicly-traded and reports earnings in accordance with GAAP. On June 1, 2021 Starbuds will record _______________. On June 30, 2021 Starbuds will record _______________. (Please provide two answers for each blank--an account and an amount)
5--During July, 2021, Elizabeth Corporation earned $3 300 of revenues on account; collected $5 600 from a customer for services provided in June, 2021. Elizabeth incurred $860 of repair expense and paid cash for this expense during July, 2021. Elizabeth also paid out $180 for June rent expense during July, 2021. Elizabeth's creditors require that Elizabeth determine earnings in accordance with GAAP. What amount of net income should Elizabeth report for the month ended July 31, 2021?
Expenses incurred = $860 + $180 = $1,040. Thus, net income for the month ended July 31, 2021, based on GAAP = Revenues earned - Expenses incurred = $5,600 - $1,040 = $4,560. Therefore, Elizabeth Corporation’s net income for the month ended July 31, 2021, is $2,560 ($4,560 - $2,000 advance payment received in June).
1. Sawsan Company’s net income for the year ended December 31, 2021, is $80,000. Revenues earned in cash for the year = $180,000. Revenues earned on account = $220,000 - $61,000 (amount collected in cash during 2021) = $159,000. Therefore, total revenues earned during 2021 = $180,000 + $159,000 = $339,000. Expenses incurred on account = $135,000. Cash disbursed = $100,000. Therefore, total expenses = $135,000 + $100,000 = $235,000. Thus, the net income for the year ended December 31, 2021 = Revenues earned - Expenses incurred = $339,000 - $235,000 = $104,000.2. Qiwang Company’s net income for the year ended December 31, 2021, is $72,000. Total revenues earned during 2021 = $150,000 (revenues earned in cash) + $63,000 (amount collected in cash during 2021) = $213,000. Expenses incurred on account = $115,000. Cash disbursed = $70,000. Therefore, total expenses = $115,000 + $70,000 = $185,000. Thus, the net income for the year ended December 31, 2021, based on GAAP = Revenues earned - Expenses incurred = $213,000 - $185,000 = $28,000. Since Qiwang is a publicly traded company, they are required to report based on GAAP. Therefore, the net income for Qiwang Company in 2021 is $28,000.3. The new revenue recognition principle requires that revenues be recognized when they are earned, regardless of when the payment is received.4. On June 1, 2021, Starbuds will record: Debit: Prepaid Rent = $114,000, Credit: Cash = $114,000. On June 30, 2021, Starbuds will record: Debit: Rent Expense = $19,000, Credit: Prepaid Rent = $19,000 (since 6/12 of the rent is expired in June).5. Elizabeth Corporation’s net income for the month ended July 31, 2021, is $2,560. Revenues earned during July 2021 = $3,300. Cash received in July 2021 = $5,600 - $3,300 (amount received in advance) = $2,300. Therefore, total revenues = $3,300 + $2,300 = $5,600. Expenses incurred = $860 + $180 = $1,040. Thus, net income for the month ended July 31, 2021, based on GAAP = Revenues earned - Expenses incurred = $5,600 - $1,040 = $4,560. Therefore, Elizabeth Corporation’s net income for the month ended July 31, 2021, is $2,560 ($4,560 - $2,000 advance payment received in June).
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Which of the following computations are correctly stated? (Select all that apply.) Check All That Apply Asset turnover ratio = Sales Average total assets Average collection period = 365 days Receivable turnover ratio Inventory turnover ratio = Net sales ÷ Average inventory Receivable turnover ratio = Net sales ÷ Average accounts receivable (net) Which of the following computations are correctly stated? (Select all that apply.) Check All That Apply Return on assets = Average total assets + Net income Equity multiplier = Average total equity Average total assets Return on equity = (Net income + Average total assets) x Equity multiplier Return on equity = Profit margin x Asset turnover x Equity multiplier
The correctly stated computations are:
Asset turnover ratio = Sales / Average total assets
Receivable turnover ratio = Net sales / Average accounts receivable (net)
Return on assets = Net income / Average total assets
The following computations are incorrectly stated:
Average collection period is not a computation but a measure of the number of days it takes to collect receivables.
Inventory turnover ratio is stated as Net sales ÷ Average inventory, but it should be Cost of goods sold ÷ Average inventory.
Equity multiplier is stated as Average total equity / Average total assets, but it should be Total assets / Total equity.
Return on equity is stated as (Net income + Average total assets) x Equity multiplier, but it should be Net income / Average total equity.
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On lanuary 1, 2020, Oriole Company issued 10-year, $2,150,000 face value, 6% bonds, at par, Each $1,000 bond is convertible into 16 shar 5 of Oriole common stock. Oriole's net income in 2020 was $518.950, and its tax rate was 20%. The comparry had 97,000 shares of common stock outstanding throughout 2020 . None of the bonds were converted in 2020. (a) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2020 . (Round answer to 2 decinal ploces eg. \$2.55) Diluted earnings per share $ (b) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2020, assuming the same facts as above, except that $970,000 of 6% convertible preferred 5 tock was issued instead of the bonds. Each $100 preferred share is convertible into 5 shares of Oriole common stock. (Round answer to 2 decimal places, es. $2.55 ) Diluted earnings per share
To calculate diluted earnings per share for 2020, we need to consider the impact of the convertible bonds and convertible preferred stock on Oriole Company's earnings per share.
(a) For the first scenario with convertible bonds:
Given:
Face value of bonds: $2,150,000
Interest rate on bonds: 6%
Conversion ratio: 16 shares per $1,000 bond
Net income in 2020: $518,950
Tax rate: 20%
Number of common shares outstanding: 97,000
To calculate diluted earnings per share, we need to consider the potential conversion of the convertible bonds. Since none of the bonds were converted in 2020, we can assume that the diluted earnings per share is the same as the basic earnings per share.
Diluted earnings per share = Net income / Weighted average number of shares
Weighted average number of shares = Number of common shares outstanding
Therefore, the diluted earnings per share for 2020, considering the convertible bonds, would be the same as the basic earnings per share, and we would need additional information to calculate it.
(b) For the second scenario with convertible preferred stock:
Given:
Face value of preferred stock: $970,000
Conversion ratio: 5 shares per $100 preferred share
To calculate diluted earnings per share, we need to consider the potential conversion of the convertible preferred stock. We convert the preferred shares into common shares and then calculate the diluted earnings per share using the weighted average number of shares.
Number of convertible preferred shares = Face value of preferred stock / Conversion ratio
Number of convertible preferred shares = $970,000 / 5 = 19,400 shares
Number of common shares after conversion = Number of common shares outstanding + Number of convertible preferred shares
Number of common shares after conversion = 97,000 + 19,400 = 116,400 shares
Diluted earnings per share = Net income / Weighted average number of shares
Weighted average number of shares = (Number of common shares outstanding + Number of convertible preferred shares) / 2
Therefore, we can calculate the diluted earnings per share for 2020, considering the convertible preferred stock, using the given net income and the weighted average number of shares as calculated above.
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The price charged for 'X-Factor', a new Energy Drink, was set at a particular level for the first two months, with the price then increasing. The manufacturer of ' X-Factor' used Select one: a. commodity pricing b. trial pricing c. specialty pricing d. price skimming e. comparative pricing
Price skimming is a pricing strategy where a company charges a high price for a new product at first, then lowers the price over time. The answer is [d] price skimming.
In the case of X-Factor, the manufacturer charged a high price for the first two months, then increased the price.
This indicates that they were using a price skimming strategy.
Price skimming is a good strategy for products that have a high demand and for which consumers are willing to pay a premium price.
It can help companies to recover their research and development costs quickly, and to generate high profits early on.
However, price skimming can also alienate consumers who are price-sensitive. It is important to carefully consider the target market before using this pricing strategy.
Therefore, the correct option is [d] price skimming.
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