Since KCl has the highest molar mass when it is added to water, it will have the most amount, in grams, if the freezing point of each aqueous solution is the same.
An essential accumulative feature of the solution is a depression in the freezing point. This is signified by: T=Kfm. Here, the symbol for freezing point change is (T). Additionally, m is morality, and Kf is the freezing point constant. One of the matter's physical characteristics is its temperature.
1) Options list:
A. (NH₄)₂CO₃
Ionic Equation:
(NH₄)₂CO₃ → 2(NH₄)⁺ + {CO₃}⁻ [i = 3]
B. KCl
Ionic equation:
KCl → K⁺ Cl⁻ [i = 2]
D.NH₄Cl
Ionic equation:
KCl → K⁺ Cl⁻ [i = 2]
F. NaCl
Ionic equation:
NaCl → Na⁺ + Cl⁻ [i = 2]
G. CH₃OH
Ionic equation:
CH₃OH → CH₃⁺ + OH⁻ [i = 2]
H. MgCl₂
Ionic equation:
MgCl₂ → Mg² + 2Cl⁻ [i = 3]
2) Utilizing the formula
ΔT = iKᵇmsolute
ΔT = iKfmsolute
ΔT = T° - T
Here, T° is both the solution's temperature and the temperature of the pure solvent.
Suppose that T° is zero.
ΔT = 0 - T = -T
The greater negative the temperature, the lower the freezing point. The freezing point of the solution is lowered when a solute is added to the solvent. The formula states that a lower molality gives a solute the ability to be added to a greater extent and produce a smaller change in temperature.
To obtain a smaller shift in temperature, the molality should be the lowest possible. The quantity of moles of solute in one kilogram of solvent is referred to as molality.
Morality = (Number of moles / 1) * (1 / Mass of solvent in kg)
Morality = (Mass of solute / Molar Mass of solute) * (1 / Mass of solvent in kg)
In this case, the solvent weighs 0.5 kg (constant)
Morality ∝ (Mass of solute / 1)
OR
Morality ∝ (1 / Molar Mass of solute)
With a smaller mass of a material or a larger molar mass of a solute, the molality will be lower. Only the solvent's freezing point and the solute's molar mass are under control under the given conditions. Despite the fact that KCl has a higher molar mass than (NH₄)₂CO₃, (NH₄)₂CO₃ will produce more ions at 100% dissociation than KCl. As a result, there will be fewer moles for the KCl.
The amount of KCl in grams will be the highest since it has the highest molar mass when it is added to water.
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COMPLETE QUESTION:
Six solutions are made by dissolving a certain amount of each of the six substances in 500. g water. If the freezing point of each aqueous solution is the same, which substance is added to water in the largest amount, in grams? Assume all ionic compounds dissociate 100% to form ions in the solution.
ΔT = iKbmsolute ΔT = –iKfmsolute
Select one:
A. (NH4)2CO3
B. KCl
C. The largest mass (g) of substance added is the same for two of the solutions.
D.NH4Cl
E. Insufficient information is provided.
F. NaCl
G. CH3OH
H. MgCl2
The correct answer should be "B" or KCl, but I don't understand why
Suppose a friend tells you he has a temperature of 38 degrees Celsius. Your temperature is 38 degrees Celsius. Do the particles that make up your body or your friend's body have a greater average kinetic energy? Explain.
The particles that make up your body or your friend's body doesn't have a greater average kinetic energy as they are equal to them having the same temperature.
What is Kinetic energy?This is referred to as the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion while temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of a substance.
We were told that they both have a temperature of 38 degrees Celsius which means that the particles present in both bodies have the same average kinetic energy. We should also note that the higher the temperature, the higher the average kinetic energy and vice versa.
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the radioactive half-life of a material is the time for group of answer choices its decay rate to reduce to half. half of an original quantity of the material to decay. both of these neither of these
The radioactive half-life of a material is the time for both of these. Option C.
The half-life of a radioisotope is the time it takes for half of the radioisotope to decay. Certain radioisotopes have a constant half-life. It is unaffected by conditions and is independent of the initial amount of its isotope. Half-life is the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms of a particular radionuclide to decay.
As a rule of thumb after 7 half-lives, the radiation dose is less than 1% of the original dose. The half-life is then determined from the basic definition of radioactivity as the product of the decay constant λ of the radionuclide and the number of radioactive atoms N present. Half-life is defined as The time required for half of an existing radioactive nucleus to decay. That's what it means to have a short half-life. Activity declines rapidly because many nuclei decay in a short time.
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At a constant temperature, what is the new volume of a 5.0-L sample of oxygen gas
if the pressure
is changed from 0.50 atm to 0.25 atm?
Answer:
5.0 L
Explanation:
he quantum mechanical description of the shaped volumes of space occupied by electrons in an atom are called
Shaped volumes around the nucleus which are occupied by electrons are called Atomic Orbitals.
The quantum mechanical refinement of Bohr's orbit is an orbital. In contrast to his idea of a straightforward circular orbit with a constant radius, orbitals are regions of space that were calculated analytically and have varying possibilities of hosting an electron. A Quantum Mechanical Description of Electrons Around the Nucleus
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Choose the correct equilibrium expressions and match them to their appropriate reaction:
The correct equilibrium expressions that match the given reactions are;
a --> 1b ---> 8c ---> 10d ---> 14What is the equilibrium expression?We know that in a chemical reaction, there is a number that shows us the extent to which the reactants have been converted into products. We know that the more the reactants are converted into products, the more this value is large and positive. On the other hand, if a lot of the reactants are not converted into products then the value would be negative and small.
This value that I have talking about is called the equilibrium constant. We can be able to obtain the equilibrium constant from the law of mass action. It is the ratio between the concentrations of the products and the reactants all raised to the power of the stoichiometric coefficients.
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What is the solubility of strontium iodate, Sr(IO3)2, in water? The Ksp for Sr(IO3)2 is 1.14x 10-7.Sr(IO3)2(s) Sr2+(aq) + 2IO3- (aq)
The solubility of the strontium iodate is 3.1 * 10^-3 M.
What is solubility?The term solubility has to do with the amount of a solid that is dissolved in water. We know that there are some substances that are able to dissolve better in water than others.
We now have to find the solubility of the strontium iodate from the following;
Ksp = [x] [2x]^2
Ksp = 4x^3
The solubility of the substance is x.
x= ∛Ksp/4
x =∛ 1.14 x 10^-7/4
x = 3.1 * 10^-3 M
The solubility of the solid is obtained as 3.1 * 10^-3 M.
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30 points A 4-column table with 3 rows. The first column titled compound has entries A, B, C. The second column titled melting point (degrees C) with entries negative 183, 660, 772. The third column titled boiling point (degrees C) has entries negative 164, 2467, 1600. The fourth column titled conducts electricity has entries no, yes, yes.
Which compound is most likely a covalent compound?
The compound that is covalent is the compound A.
Which one is a covalent compound?We know that the forces that holds the molecules of an ionic substance together is so strong that the ionic substances are known to have a high melting and a high boiling point. Thus, it is already clear that the compounds B and C are both ionic because they are highly conducting and they also have a high melting and boiling point.
The compound A has a low melting and boiling point and also does not conduct electricity. This goes to tell us that A is a covalent compound.
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Answer:
compound A
Explanation:
edge 2023
Part G
The compound iron oxide can exist with either iron(II) ions or iron(III) ic
earn about the differences between iron(II) oxide and iron(III) oxide. Gi
compound. Describe their appearance and uses. Based on your finding
same compound, or are they two completely different compounds?
Iron(II) oxide ions are contain that lost 2 electron in the oxidation process and iron(III) oxide contain iron that lost 3 electron
Ferrous oxide is commonly known as iron(II) oxide contain iron that lost 2 electron in the oxidation process and so it is able to bond with other atom that have an extra 2 electron and ferric oxide is commonly known as iron(III) oxide and it contain iron that lost 3 electron and iron(II) and iron(II) oxide is the chemical compound with formula Fe₃O₄ and it occur in nature as the mineral magnetite and it is one of the number of iron oxide and the other being iron(II) oxide FeO which is rare and iron(III) oxide Fe₂O₃ which also occur naturally as the mineral hematite
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ammonium nitrate (nh4no3) dissolves spontaneously and endothermically in water. how is this possible?
Ammonium nitrate , NH₄NO₃ dissolves spontaneously and endothermically in water because the temperature of solution decreases.
When we add ammonium nitrate , NH₄NO₃ to water at 298 K , it dissolves spontaneously and the temperature of system decreases. this means the heat is absorbed by the system and when the heat is absorbed by the system the process is called as endothermic. the ammonium nitrate when dissolve in water it will dissociates in to ions which requires the energy so heat is absorbed. this process in endothermic.
Thus, Ammonium nitrate , NH₄NO₃ dissolves spontaneously and endothermically in water because the temperature of solution decreases.
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It would be nice if someone could help me thank you so much.
Answer:
All answers are in the above periodic table
How many chromium atoms are
present in one formula unit of
sodium chromate?
Na2CrO4
A. 2 atoms
B.7 atoms
C. 1 atoms
D. 4 atoms
Only 1 atom of chromium is present in one formula unit of sodium chromate (option C).
What is a chemical compound?A chemical compound is a substance formed by the union of two or more chemical elements in a fixed ratio, the union being a chemical bond.
A chemical formula, which is a notation indicating the number of atoms of each element present in a compound, shows the type and number of atoms of elements in a compound.
According to this question, a chemical compound named sodium chromate (Na₂CrO₄) is given. This chemical formula shows that only one atom of chromium is present in the compound.
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Answer:
D. 4 atoms
Explanation:
d. very polar compounds are sometimes purified by reverse phase chromatography where the stationary phase is very non-polar while the solvent is very polar. why would this technique be beneficial with extremely polar compounds?
very polar compounds are sometimes purified by reverse phase chromatography where the stationary phase is very non-polar while the solvent is very polar. this technique be beneficial with extremely polar compounds as it provides better solubility for the polar analytes.
The chromatography is the best technique to purified the organic compounds. if the stationary phase is polar it takes more times for polar molecule to absorbed in stationary phase. that's why we use reverse chromatography for the purified more polar compound.
Thus, very polar compounds are sometimes purified by reverse phase chromatography where the stationary phase is very non-polar while the solvent is very polar. this technique be beneficial with extremely polar compounds as it provides better solubility for the polar analytes.
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What is the empirical formula of a compound containing 60. 0% sulfur and 40. 0% oxygen by mass?.
(a) how many grams of water will be produced from the combustion of 3.36 g of ethane gas with 9.56 g of oxygen gas?
4.609 grams of water will be produced from the combustion of 3.36 g of ethane gas with 9.56 g of oxygen gas. The chemical element with the atomic number 8 and symbol O is called oxygen.
Oxygen belongs to the periodic table's chalcogen group, is a very reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that easily produces oxides with most elements as well as other compounds.
The chemical formula for ethane, a paraffin series hydrocarbon with the properties of being colourless, odorless, and gaseous, is C2H6. The only hydrocarbon with a single carbon-carbon bond has the simplest structural makeup, and that is ethane. The primary use of ethylene, a feedstock for making plastics, is ethane.
A variety of intermediate products, the majority of which are transformed into plastics, are produced by the petrochemical industry using ethylene, which is primarily produced from ethane.
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a 25.0 ml sample of a 0.2800 m solution of aqueous trimethylamine is titrated with a 0.3500 m solution of hcl. calculate the ph of the solution after 10.0, 20.0, and 30.0 ml of acid have been added; pkb of (ch3)3n
pH after adding 10.0 ml of acid = 9.81, pH after adding 20.0 ml of acid = 5.31.pH after adding 30.0 ml of acid = 1.20
In chemistry, the pH scale is used to define the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution. Historically, pH stood for "hydrogen potential". The pH values of acidic solutions are usually lower than those of basic or alkaline solutions.
An acid (acid catalysis) is any substance that tastes unpleasant in aqueous solution, turns blue litmus paper red, reacts with some metals to release hydrogen, combines with bases to form salts, and stimulates chemical processes. A Brnsted-Lowry acid or Lewis acid is a molecule or ion that has the ability to donate a proton or form a covalent bond with an electron pair. Proton donors, also known as Brnsted-Lowry acids, are the first class of acids.
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consider a different titrant for this exercise. suppose ca(oh)2 were used as the titrant, instead of naoh. this will make the titrant twice as concentrated in hydroxide ion. the analyte will still be hc2h3o2. (a) what is the stoichiometry of hc2h3o2 to ca(oh)2?
The titrant for this exercise. suppose Ca(OH)₂ were used as the titrant, instead of NaOH. This will make the titrant twice as concentrated in hydroxide ion. the analyte will still be HC₂H₃O₂. the stoichiometry ratio of HC₂H₃O₂ to Ca(OH)₂ is 1 : 2.
The balanced reaction of the given condition as follow :
Ca(OH)₂ + 2HC₂H₃O₂ ------> Ca(C₂H₃O₂)₂ + 2H₂O
from the equation it is clear that stoichiometry of Ca(OH)₂ is 1 and the stoichiometry of HC₂H₃O₂ is 2. therefore the stoichiometry ratio of HC₂H₃O₂ to Ca(OH)₂ is 1 : 2.
Thus, The titrant for this exercise. suppose Ca(OH)₂ were used as the titrant, instead of NaOH. This will make the titrant twice as concentrated in hydroxide ion. the analyte will still be HC₂H₃O₂. the stoichiometry ratio of HC₂H₃O₂ to Ca(OH)₂ is 1 : 2.
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Aa cup of coffee has a hydroxide ion concentration of 1. 0 × 10^−10 m. What is the ph of this coffee?.
Answer: 10
A cup of coffee has a hydroxide ion concentration of 1. 0 × 10−10 m. The pH of this coffee will be 10
pH = - log [H+]
= - log [1. 0 × ]
= - log 1 - ( -10 log 10 )
= 0 + 10 = 10
The pH of this coffee will be 10
Explanation:
lactic acid has a pka of 3.08. what is the approximate degree of dissociation of a 0.42 m solution of lactic acid?
The approximate degree of dissociation is 4.45%.
Degree of dissociation:
The degree of dissociation is the phenomenon of generating current-carrying free ions, which are dissociated from the fraction of solute at a given concentration.
The degree of dissociation is another way of determining the strength of a base. It indicates the fatty acids that were released from a base when it dissociates in water.
The formula for degree of dissociation:
α λ λ α λ λ α = λ c λ 0
where λ λ λ c is the molar conductivity of weak electrolyte at “C” (concentration)
λ λ λ 0 is the molar conductivity of weak electrolyte at "0".
Ka = C∝²
∝ = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{Ka}{C} }[/tex]
Ka = [tex]10^{-3.08}[/tex] = 8.32×[tex]10^{-4}[/tex]
C = 0.42
Putting these values in the equation we have:
∝ = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{8.32 * 10^{-4} }{0.42} }[/tex]
= 4.449 ×[tex]10^{-2}[/tex]
= 0.04449
The degree of dissociation is 4.45%
Therefore the degree of dissociation is 4.45%.
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Write a paragraph explaining how the elements and water would be important to searching for life on another planet. Be sure to include a claim evidence, and reasoning
Checklist
What are the elements that support life
How do these elements support life
why is water so important to living things
Describe each of the properties of water listed
relate these properties to waters importancefor living things
ANSWER ALL WITH DETAILS AND I WILL MARK BRANLIEST
40 POINTS
The elements carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and oxygen as well as water are important in searching for life as these elements are the main components of organic water whereas water is the universal solvent dissolving these organic molecules.
What are the elements needed for life to exist?The elements needed for life to exist are the elements found in organic compounds.
The elements that are found in organic compounds are:
carbonnitrogenoxygenhydrogenphosphorussulfurThese elements are found in the main macromolecules of life which are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
Another substance that is the most important substance that sustains life is water.
Water is needed for life because it is the most important solvent in which the living components of the cells are dissolved.
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acid h2x gives two h ions. a 1.70 g sample of h2x reacts completely with 40.0 ml of 0.450 m naoh solution. what is the molar mass of h2x?
The acid h₂x gives two h ions a 1.70 g sample of h₂x reacts completely with 40.0 ml of 0.450 M NaOH solution, the molar mass of h₂x is 188.8 g/M.
How is molar mass calculated?Volume = 40ml = 0.04 L
mass of NaOH = 0.450 M
moles of NaOH = mass × volume
= 0.450 × 0.04
Therefore, moles of NaOH is = 0.018
The no. of moles required in the reaction:
H₂X(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) ⎯→ Na₂X(aq) + 2H₂O(l)
Now, moles of NaOH is [tex]\frac{0.018}{2}[/tex] which is equal to 0.009
We know,
molar mass of H₂x = mass of H₂x / moles of NaOH
= 1.70 / 0.009
= 188.88 g/M
The molar mass of H₂x is 188.8 g/M
What is molar mass?Molar mass of is defined as the mass of a substance in the gram of one mole of compound.
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what is the concentration of h3po4 that is needed to neutralize 17.61 ml of 2.869 m naoh when 31.16 ml of h3po4 is used?
The concentration of H₃PO₄ that is needed to neutralize 17.61 ml of 2.869 m NaOH when 31.16 ml of H₃PO₄ is used is 0.540 M.
The balanced equation is given as :
H₃PO₄ + 3NaOH ------> Na₃PO₄ + 3H₂O
number of moles of NaOH = 0.0176 × 2.869
= 0.050 mol
moles of moles of H₃PO₄ needed = 0.050 / 3 =0.0168 mol
molarity of H₃PO₄ = moles / volume in L
= 0.0168 / 0.0311
= 0.540 M
Thus, The concentration of H₃PO₄ that is needed to neutralize 17.61 ml of 2.869 m NaOH when 31.16 ml of H₃PO₄ is used is 0.540 M.
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the theoretical yield of a reaction is 75.0 g of product and the actual yield is 42.0 g. what is the percent yield?
The percent yield that we get is 56%.
Here it is given the actual yield is 42g and the theoretical yield is 75g
We have to find the percent yield.
Percent yield:
Percent yield is the percent ratio of actual yield to the theoretical yield. It is calculated to be the experimental yield divided by the theoretical yield multiplied by 100%. If the actual and theoretical yield is the same, the percent yield is 100%
Formula to calculate percent yield:
Percent yield = actual yield/ theoretical yield × 100
= 42 / 75 × 100
= 56%
Therefore the percent yield is 56%.
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20 PTS!!
An experiment that tests only one factor at a time by using a comparison of a control group and an experimental group is... A) a dependent variable B) an independent variable C) a controlled experiment D) a theory
explain why chromatography separates substances in the mixture
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using:
a volumetric pipette
a measuring cylinder
gas syringe
burette
a weight balance
Answer:
there are used to where large volumes are needed to be transferred and coloured graduated marks make it easier to measure the volumes. the disadvantage isthat they are not so precise and there are greater changes of human error
what is the volume inside a 0.250 l can of deodorant that starts at 25 c and 1.2 atm if the temperature is raised to 100 oc?
The volume inside a deodorant can is 0.199 L.
Charles’s law applies when a fixed amount of gas is in a container and the pressure is constant if the temperature increases the volume of gas also increases. The formula
[tex]\frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2}[/tex]
V1 = volume of gasses before the temperature risesT1 = temperature of gasses before the temperature rises (K)V2 = volume of gasses after the temperature risesT2 = temperature of gasses after the temperature rises (K)The temperature units have to be in Kelvin. Volume units can be anything as long as both volume has the same units.
When a container is heated, the gas in it will experience a temperature increase and the volume of the gas will expand. But the expansion will not exceed the contents of the container.
V2 = 0.250 LT1 = 25 °C + 273 = 298 Kp = 1.2 atm T2 =100 °C + 273 = 373 K[tex]\frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{V_1}{298} = \frac{0.25}{373}[/tex]
V1 x 373 = 298 x 0.25
[tex]V_1 = \frac{74.5}{373}[/tex]
V1 = 0.199 L
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the half-life of a radioactive substance is the amount of time required for half its mass to decay. the half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years. what is the continuous annual decay rate of carbon-14? please type in the exact answer.
The continuous annual decay rate of carbon-14 is k = ln (0.5)/5730.
The 1/2-life of a radioactive isotope is the quantity of time it takes for one-1/2 of the radioactive isotope to decay. The half of-existence of a selected radioactive isotope is consistent; it's miles unaffected by using situations and is independent of the initial quantity of that isotope.
1/2-life (symbol t1⁄2) is the time required for an amount (of substance) to reduce to half of its initial price. The time period is commonly utilized in nuclear physics to explain how speedy volatile atoms undergo radioactive decay or how long strong atoms survive.
Calculation:-
The functions as an exponential decay function as
P(t)=P₀e^{kt}
given the half-life as 5730 years, that is the time taken to reduce the mass to half
P₀/2 =P₀e^{5730k}
1/2=e^{5730k}
taking the natural log,
5730k=ln (0.5)
we get the exact continuous decay rate as
k = ln (0.5)/5730
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he solubility of aspirin in ethanol is approximately 40g/100ml at room temperature. if you had a 100% yield how many milliliters of ethanol would you need to dissolve your product for the recrystallization step?
For the recrystallisation step, we need 71.4ml of ethanol for the solubility of aspirin which has 100% yield.
What is solubility?
Solubility is the ability of a solute to dissolve in solvent to make a solution at a given temperature. This is because of the intermolecular forces balance between solute and solvent and change in entropy.
In 100 ml of the solution, the solubility of aspirin is 40 g. The mass of aspirin is not indicated in the problem, so it can be assumed that the mass of aspirin needed is 40 g. With this, the volume of the solution can be calculated.
Volume of the solution = 40g x 100ml/40g = 100ml
Density of aspirin = 1.4g/ml
Volume of aspirin = 40g x 1ml/1.4g = 28.57ml
Volume of ethanol = 100ml - 28.57ml = 71.4 ml
Therefore, the solubility of 40g of aspirin when yield is 100% requires 71.4ml of ethanol.
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the average atomic mass between the two isotopes is 63.546 amu. calculate the relative atomic mass of 65 cu
The mass of the 65Cu isotope can be determined using the formula below. - To obtain the mass of the 65Cu isotope, replace all the known values in the formula above. - The mass of the 65Cu isotope is therefore 64.9233 amu. So, "Option C" is the right response.
Average atomic mass of copper=63.546 amu
On putting given values we get:
63.546= 100
62.9298 ×69.09+M
2 ×30.91
on solving we will get mass of 65
Cu isotope =64.9233
What is Atomic Mass ?The total mass of an atom is made up of all of its protons and neutrons.
"Isotopes" is the name used to describe atoms having differing atomic weights caused by various neutron counts. The protons in isotope elements are the same, but the neutron content varies.
The total mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus is known as its atomic mass. With 6 protons and 7 neutrons in its nucleus, this carbon isotope has a 13-atom mass, or 7+6=6. It has an atomic mass of 13 mass units. (amu).
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if 15.0 l of nitrogen is formed at stp, how many liters of hydrogen will be produced (also measured at stp)?
45.0 liters of hydrogen will be produced at STP.
The balanced chemical equation at STP is :
2NH₃ → N₂+3H₂
For every 2 moles of ammonia that take part in the reaction, you get 1 mole of nitrogen gas and 3 moles of hydrogen gas. When all three gases are kept under the same conditions for pressure and temperature, these mole ratios become equivalent to volume ratios, i.e. 1:3 mole ratio.
When both gases are kept under STP conditions, we will have:
[n/v]H₂=[n/v]N₂
v[H₂]=3ₓv[N₂]
Here, v[H₂]=15.0 L
∴ v[H₂]=45.0 L
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