The soft white cheese-like unorganized accumulation of bacteria, salivary proteins, epithelial cells, and food you're describing is a symptom of dental plaque formation.
Regular dental hygiene practices, such as brushing and flossing, can help prevent plaque buildup and maintain oral health.
A thin layer of proteins released by epithelial cells makes up the basal lamina.
The extracellular matrix proteins secreted by the cells of the epithelium, which form a mesh-like lattice and divide a large number of cells from other tissues, such as muscle and adipose, make up the basal lamina, a relatively thin and flexible layer that is between 40 and 120 nm thick.
The simplest and smallest form of life in a living thing is a cell, which is made up of the membrane, the cytoplasm, and organelles like the nucleus.
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Kid is forging signatures, playing video games, caught with lighter, likes to play with fire (starts fire in backyard) = Pyromania
It's important to remember that pyromania is a specific psychiatric illness that emphasizes an overwhelming impulse to create flames, even though the behaviors you mentioned may be dangerous. It is characterized by recurrent fire-setting behaviors that are not done for personal gain, political gain, or to cover up illegal activities.
The context and frequency of the behaviors you highlight should also be taken into account. For example, many children go through phases where they play with fire or engage in risky behavior, but this does not mean they have pyromania.
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Anti-platelet/Anti-thrombotic therapy for ischemic stroke:
Stroke with no prior anti-platelet therapy
For patients ischemic with stroke who have not previously received anti-platelet therapy, it is generally recommended to initiate such therapy as soon as possible after the stroke occurs.
Commonly used anti-platelet agents for this indication include aspirin and clopidogrel, either alone or in combination. The decision of which agent(s) to use and in what combination should be made is based on individual patient characteristics and clinical judgment.
Additionally, in some cases, anti-thrombotic therapy with a blood thinner such as heparin may also be considered, particularly in patients with large-vessel occlusion or other high-risk features. Again, the decision to use such therapy should be made on a case-by-case basis with careful consideration of risks and benefits.
Overall, early initiation of anti-platelet or anti-thrombotic therapy is an important part of the management of ischemic stroke in patients without prior therapy.
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woman has mother w/ BC and grandmother with ovarian cancer. Next step?
A woman with a mother who has breast cancer (BC) and a grandmother with ovarian cancer should consider the following steps:
1. Consult a healthcare professional: Speak with a doctor or genetic counselor about your family's medical history to assess the risk of developing these cancers.
2. Genetic testing: Consider undergoing genetic testing to determine if you have any genetic mutations (such as BRCA1 or BRCA2) that may increase your risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer.
3. Regular screenings: Based on the recommendations of your healthcare professional, schedule regular mammograms or other screening tests to detect any signs of cancer early.
4. Lifestyle modifications: Adopt a healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and consuming a balanced diet to reduce your overall risk of developing cancer.
5. Discuss preventative options: Depending on your risk level, your healthcare professional may recommend additional preventative measures such as prophylactic surgery or medication to reduce the risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer.
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What is aflatoxin B1 and why is it a potent carcinogen?
Aflatoxin B1 is a type of mycotoxin that is produced by certain species of fungi, particularly Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus.
It is commonly found in foods such as corn, peanuts, and cottonseed, as well as in animal feed. Aflatoxin B1 is classified as a potent carcinogen because it has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals and is a known human carcinogen. It works by binding to DNA in cells and causing mutations, which can lead to the development of tumors.
Aflatoxin B1 is particularly dangerous because it is heat-stable and can survive cooking and processing, meaning that contaminated foods are often not safe for consumption even after they have been cooked or treated. Additionally, it is difficult to detect aflatoxin B1 in food, as it does not have a distinctive taste or smell.
The consumption of aflatoxin B1 has been linked to a range of health problems, including liver damage, immune suppression, and stunted growth in children. To reduce the risk of exposure to aflatoxin B1, it is important to store food properly and avoid eating foods that appear to be moldy or discolored. Additionally, agricultural practices such as crop rotation and the use of fungicides can help to prevent the growth of aflatoxin-producing fungi.
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Oro-Antral Communication (OAC) (sinus expose) TX
Oro-Antral Communication (OAC) or sinus expose refers to the opening or communication between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus.
This can occur due to a variety of reasons such as trauma, infection, or dental procedures such as tooth extraction. If left untreated, OAC can lead to complications such as sinusitis, infection, and even the formation of an oro-antral fistula.
The treatment for OAC depends on the size and location of the communication. Small OACs may heal spontaneously, while larger ones may require surgical intervention. Treatment options may include the placement of a buccal flap or a palatal flap, which can help to close the communication and promote healing.
It is important to seek prompt medical attention if you suspect that you may have an OAC. Your dentist or oral surgeon can provide an accurate diagnosis and recommend the appropriate treatment to prevent further complications.
To treat Oro-Antral Communication (OAC), or sinus exposure, the following steps are typically taken:
1. Diagnosis: A dental professional will evaluate the patient's symptoms and perform a clinical examination to confirm the presence of an OAC.
2. Antibiotics: The patient may be prescribed antibiotics to prevent infection, as the communication between the oral cavity and the sinus can allow bacteria to enter the sinus cavity.
3. Decongestants: Decongestants may also be recommended to help reduce sinus congestion and promote drainage, which can aid in the healing process.
4. Surgical closure: Depending on the size of the OAC, the dental professional may perform a surgical procedure to close the communication. This can be done using various techniques, such as a buccal flap or palatal flap, which involves moving a piece of tissue from the surrounding area to cover the OAC.
5. Postoperative care: The patient will be instructed on how to care for the surgical site and may be given additional medications, such as pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs, to help manage discomfort and promote healing.
6. Follow-up: The patient will have follow-up appointments to monitor the healing process and ensure the OAC has been successfully closed.
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What is the difference between initial, nonprimary genital herpes and initial, primary genital herpes? Which serotype is not often associated w/ recurrences?
Initial, nonprimary genital herpes and initial, primary genital herpes are two terms used to describe different stages of the first occurrence of genital herpes. HSV-1 serotype is not often associated with recurrences.
Initial, primary genital herpes is the first episode of herpes infection in a person who has never been exposed to the virus before.
This type of infection tends to be more severe and may cause systemic symptoms such as fever and body aches.
Nonprimary genital herpes, on the other hand, occurs when a person who has already been infected with one type of herpes virus becomes infected with a different type.
This type of infection tends to be less severe and may not cause any symptoms at all.
The serotype that is not often associated with recurrences is HSV-1, which typically causes oral herpes. However, it is becoming more common for HSV-1 to also cause genital herpes, and in these cases, recurrences may still occur.
It is important to note that both primary and nonprimary genital herpes can recur, and the frequency and severity of outbreaks can vary greatly between individuals.
Antiviral medications can help to reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks, as well as to reduce the risk of transmission to sexual partners.
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RCT w/ post and core and crown lengthening, why do crown lengthening?
-Ferrule effect
-Adequate crown length
The reason why we perform crown lengthening in an RCT (root canal treatment) with post and core because crown lengthening is often necessary to ensure adequate crown length and the ferrule effect, both of which are crucial for a successful restoration with a post and core and dental crown.
Crown lengthening is performed for two main reasons: to achieve the ferrule effect and to ensure adequate crown length. The ferrule effect is essential for the stability of the restoration, as it provides a 360-degree band of tooth structure for the crown to grip onto. This increases the strength and longevity of the restoration. Adequate crown length is necessary to provide proper support for the crown and to ensure sufficient tooth structure above the gumline, which helps prevent complications such as decay and tooth fracture.
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Modified Widman flap qs, where do you make incision to?
In a Modified Widman flap procedure, the incision is made along the gingival margin or slightly coronal to it, extending interdentally, and a second incision is made parallel to the first one within the attached gingiva.
The Modified Widman flap is a periodontal surgical technique used to treat periodontitis, a severe form of gum disease. In this procedure, the incisions are made at the base of the periodontal pockets, and the gum tissue is separated from the underlying bone and tooth roots. The surgeon then removes the diseased tissue, thoroughly cleans the root surfaces, and shapes them to encourage gum tissue to reattach to the roots. The Modified Widman flap is typically used for deep periodontal pockets that cannot be treated with non-surgical methods, and the incisions are made in a way that minimizes trauma to the surrounding tissue, allowing for faster healing and better results.
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the primary difference between a board certified and board eligible physician is that a board
The primary difference between a board certified and board eligible physician is that a board certified physician has passed their board exams and met the qualifications necessary to receive certification in their particular specialty.
whereas a board eligible physician has not yet passed the exams and is still in the process of completing the requirements for certification. The terms “board certified” and “board eligible” are confusing to people not in the medical profession. It doesn’t help that more than a few doctors blur the distinctions to their own benefit. This post gives you a brief rundown of the distinctions at stake. The first thing to understand is that anybody who has graduated from medical school is a physician. They can put the letters MD (or DO) after their name. But they can’t practice medicine yet on their own. To do that, they need a medical license. The granting of medical licenses is one of the powers of each individual state. They all have their rules, although they are all broadly similar.
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Which referral is appropriate for the client in the late
stages of myasthenia gravis?
1. The infection control nurse.
2. The occupational health nurse.
3. A vocational guidance counselor.
4. The speech therapist.
In the late stages of myasthenia gravis, the most appropriate referral for a client would be the speech therapist.
So, the correct answer is option 4.
What's Myasthenia gravisMyasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder that affects the communication between nerves and muscles, resulting in muscle weakness. As the disease progresses, it can affect the client's ability to speak, swallow, and chew.
A speech therapist is a professional who specializes in diagnosing and treating communication and swallowing disorders.
They can help clients with myasthenia gravis by designing an individualized treatment plan, including exercises and strategies to improve speech clarity, swallowing, and overall quality of life.
The other options, such as the infection control nurse, occupational health nurse, and vocational guidance counselor, may provide valuable support but are not specifically tailored to the needs of a client in the late stages of myasthenia gravis.
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ST changes in some or all leads of V1-V6
ST changes in some or all leads of V1-V6 suggests disease of the left anterior descending coronary artery, whereas localised ST depression (V1-V4) indicates its absence.
ST-segment elevations may be present in leads V1–V6, and frequently aVL, I (the latter two may be affected because the diagonals given off by the LAD supplies the apical part of the lateral wall).
Thus, ST elevation may be present on all or some leads of ECG. It can be associated with: Myocardial infarction (see also ECG in myocardial infarction). ST elevation in select leads is more common with myocardial infarction. ST elevation only occurs in full thickness infarction.
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Middle aged woman presents w/ signs of:
- irregular menses
- night sweats
- tachycardia
- weight loss - insomnia Next best step?
The next best step would be to evaluate for possible menopause or other hormonal imbalances and perform relevant tests like thyroid function tests, FSH, LH levels, and a pelvic ultrasound.
The symptoms described suggest a hormonal imbalance, possibly due to menopause or other conditions such as thyroid dysfunction. A complete medical history and physical examination should be performed, including a thorough evaluation of the menstrual cycle pattern.
Laboratory tests to measure hormone levels such as FSH, LH, and thyroid function tests should also be ordered. A pelvic ultrasound may also be needed to evaluate the reproductive organs.
Treatment options will depend on the underlying cause of the symptoms and may include hormone therapy or other medications, lifestyle modifications, or further diagnostic tests. It is important to address these symptoms promptly to improve the woman's quality of life and prevent any potential complications.
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Describe considerations in the dressing and bandaging of open wounds. 672-676
Considerations in the dressing and bandaging of open wounds include maintaining a clean and sterile environment, choosing the appropriate type of dressing, ensuring proper wound drainage, and promoting wound healing.
When dressing and bandaging open wounds, it is crucial to create a clean and sterile environment to prevent infection. This involves using sterile gloves, cleaning the wound with antiseptic solutions, and using sterile dressings and instruments. The type of dressing chosen depends on the characteristics of the wound, such as its size, location, and level of exudate.
For example, a non-adherent dressing may be used for wounds with minimal exudate, while an absorptive dressing may be needed for wounds with high exudate. It is important to ensure that the dressing allows for proper wound drainage to prevent the buildup of fluid and promote healing. Additionally, regular assessment of the wound and changing the dressing as needed are essential to monitor the progress of healing and prevent complications.
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What is happening in the lower airway during Rales/Crackles
Rales/Crackles are abnormal sounds heard during the physical examination of the lungs. They are caused by the movement of air through fluid-filled or collapsed airways in the lower respiratory tract.
The lower airway is made up of the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. Rales/Crackles are often associated with the presence of excess fluid in these structures, which can be caused by a variety of conditions such as pneumonia, bronchitis, or pulmonary fibrosis. When air moves through the fluid-filled or collapsed airways, it creates a sound that can be heard with a stethoscope. Rales/Crackles are often described as a popping or crackling sound, and they can be heard during both inhalation and exhalation. It's important to note that Rales/Crackles are not always present in individuals with lower airway conditions.
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Which is contraindicated in 2nd molar region to reduce deep pocket with limited attached gingiva?
Gingivectomy is contraindicated in the 2nd molar region to reduce deep pockets with limited attached gingiva.
Gingivectomy is a periodontal surgery that involves the removal of gingival tissue to improve periodontal health. However, in cases where there is limited attached gingiva, removal of more tissue through gingivectomy can cause further complications.
In the 2nd molar region, where the attached gingiva is often limited, gingivectomy can lead to recession of the gingiva, which can expose the underlying tooth root and result in sensitivity or even root caries.
Instead, alternative periodontal treatments, such as scaling and root planing or periodontal flap surgery, should be considered in these cases. These treatments can effectively reduce pocket depth while preserving the limited attached gingiva and preventing further complications.
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TRUE/FALSE. Overall highest incidence of cancer mortality: Female
The overall highest incidence of cancer mortality is among males. The following statement is false.
Thus, cancer is an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells which rapidly spread in the body affecting both men and women. However, the mortality rates due to cancer are observed different in both males and females which may be due to various reasons.
According to World Health Organization, the cancer mortality rate is highest among males. Men have higher rates of cancer, such as lung, liver cancer, etc. which may be due to smoking, alcohol consumption, etc. They are also less likely to seek medical attention which results in later diagnosis and poor health.
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During re-evaluations, what do the OT and PT consider?
During re-evaluations, occupational therapists (OTs) and physical therapists (PTs) consider the following:
Progress toward goalsEffectiveness of interventionChanges in the client's statusClient's inputNew goalsProgress towards goals: They evaluate the client's progress towards the goals set in the initial evaluation and intervention plan.
Effectiveness of intervention: They evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention plan and determine whether modifications are needed to better address the client's needs.
Changes in the client's status: They assess changes in the client's physical, emotional, and social status that may impact their occupational performance.
Client's input: They gather feedback from the client and other members of the care team to ensure that the intervention plan is meeting the client's needs.
New goals: They may identify new goals for the client based on their progress and changing needs.
Overall, re-evaluations allow OTs and PTs to continuously monitor and adjust their intervention plans to ensure that clients are receiving the most effective and appropriate care possible.
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Type I diabetic mother - baby most likely to be what?
A Type I diabetic mother's baby is most likely to be at a higher risk for complications such as macrosomia (large birth weight), hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), and jaundice.
Proper prenatal care and blood sugar management can help minimize these risks. Also if a mother is a Type I diabetic, her baby is most likely to be at risk for developing gestational diabetes or being born with low blood sugar levels. It is important for the mother to work closely with her healthcare provider to manage her diabetes during pregnancy to reduce the risks to her baby.
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What is the different of Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA?
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are autoantibodies that target components of the cell nucleus. Two types of ANAs that are commonly tested for in clinical settings are anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA antibodies.
Anti-Smith antibodies specifically target a protein called Smith antigen, which is found in the nucleus of cells. These antibodies are often associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and are considered highly specific for this disease. However, not all people with SLE will have anti-Smith antibodies, and they can also be present in other autoimmune diseases.
On the other hand, anti-dsDNA antibodies target double-stranded DNA molecules. These antibodies are also associated with SLE and can be present in up to 70% of people with this disease. However, they are less specific for SLE than anti-Smith antibodies and can also be found in other autoimmune diseases and some infections.
In summary, the main difference between anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA antibodies is the specific component of the nucleus that they target. Anti-Smith antibodies target a specific protein, while anti-dsDNA antibodies target DNA molecules. Additionally, anti-Smith antibodies are more specific for SLE than anti-dsDNA antibodies.
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Travel associated diarrhea + short term illness + fever + abdominal pain + bloody diarrhea --> organism?
The most common symptoms of a foodborne illness are Diarrhea, vomiting, fever, nausea, abdominal cramps, and jaundice.
When a person or an individual consumes food that has been contaminated by germs, foodborne diseases can result. People who eat foods contaminated by these germs frequently acquire the illness that causes thousands of hospital admissions each year.
It is best to keep all foods secure in order to prevent the spread of bacteria and to maintain a healthy atmosphere. Therefore, we can draw the conclusion that biological, chemical, and physical dangers are the main causes of foodborne diseases.
Therefore, The most common symptoms of a foodborne illness are Diarrhea, vomiting, fever, nausea, abdominal cramps, and jaundice.
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which condition is characterized by the formation of abnormal spongy bone around the stapes?
The condition that is characterized by the formation of abnormal spongy bone around the stapes is known as otosclerosis. This condition is a type of hearing loss that occurs due to abnormal growth of bone in the middle ear.
The stapes is one of the smallest bones in the human body, and it plays a vital role in the transmission of sound waves to the inner ear. In otosclerosis, abnormal bone growth occurs around the stapes, which interferes with the proper transmission of sound waves, leading to hearing loss. The exact cause of otosclerosis is not yet known, but it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The condition is most common in women and typically occurs between the ages of 15 and 45. Symptoms of otosclerosis include hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and dizziness. Treatment for otosclerosis may include medication, hearing aids, or surgery. In conclusion, otosclerosis is a condition characterized by abnormal spongy bone formation around the stapes in the middle ear, leading to hearing loss. If you suspect you have otosclerosis, it is important to consult with an ear, nose, and throat specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment.
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Carpal tunnel syndrome/humeral fracture:
Nerve impacted
Motor function impairment
Sensory function impairment
The main causes of carpal tunnel syndrome or humeral fracture are motor and sensory function impairment. Therefore, option C is correct.
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition that occurs when the median nerve, becomes compressed as it passes through the wrist at the carpal tunnel. The median nerve runs from the forearm into the hand, This compression can cause numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and wrist.
The motor function impairment can include weakness in gripping or pinching objects, while sensory function impairment can include numbness or tingling in the thumb, index, and middle fingers.
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Risk of fetal loss associated w/ CVS?
The risk of fetal loss associated with Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) is a concern for expectant parents.
CVS is a prenatal test used to detect genetic disorders in a developing fetus. This procedure carries a small risk of fetal loss, which refers to the potential for miscarriage or stillbirth.
The risk of fetal loss from CVS is estimated to be around 0.5% to 1%, which means that out of 100 CVS procedures, approximately 1 to 2 may result in a miscarriage.
However, it's essential to consult with your healthcare provider to weigh the benefits and risks of CVS for your specific situation.
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the main filter of the nephron is the
mass tubing
tubule cells
renal tubule
glomerulus
The correct option is (d). Glomerulus. The main filter of the nephron is the glomerulus.
Which structure in the nephron acts as the primary filter?The nephron is the basic functional unit of the kidney and is responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries located in the renal corpuscle, which acts as the primary filter in the nephron. It filters blood by allowing small molecules such as water, ions, and nutrients to pass through its walls, while preventing the passage of larger molecules such as proteins and blood cells.
The filtered fluid, known as the filtrate, then enters the renal tubule, where further processing and reabsorption take place to produce urine. The glomerulus is essential for maintaining the proper balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body, and any damage to this structure can lead to kidney dysfunction.
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What torch infection is commonly associated with intracranial calcifications?
also: jaundice, hepatomegaly, petechial rash, seizures
Toxoplasmosis is commonly associated with intracranial calcifications and may present with jaundice, hepatomegaly, petechial rash, and seizures.
The TORCH infection commonly associated with intracranial calcifications is Congenital Toxoplasmosis.
In addition to intracranial calcifications, this infection can present with other symptoms such as jaundice, hepatomegaly, petechial rash, and seizures. Here's a brief explanation:
TORCH infections:
These are a group of congenital infections that can affect a fetus or newborn, including Toxoplasmosis, Other (syphilis, varicella-zoster, etc.), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex virus.
Congenital Toxoplasmosis:
This infection is caused by the Toxoplasma gondii parasite, which can be transmitted from an infected mother to her fetus during pregnancy.
Intracranial calcifications:
These are deposits of calcium within the brain tissue, which can be seen on imaging studies like CT scans or MRIs. They are commonly associated with Congenital Toxoplasmosis.
Jaundice:
A yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes due to increased levels of bilirubin in the blood, which can be a symptom of Congenital Toxoplasmosis.
Hepatomegaly:
An enlargement of the liver, another potential symptom of Congenital Toxoplasmosis.
Petechial rash:
Small, round, reddish-purple spots on the skin caused by bleeding into the skin, which can also be seen in Congenital Toxoplasmosis.
Seizures:
Abnormal electrical activity in the brain that results in a temporary loss of motor, sensory, or cognitive function, which can occur in cases of Congenital Toxoplasmosis with neurological involvement.
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What is late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)?
Late cyanotic shunt refers to a condition in which an uncorrected left-to-right shunt, typically seen in congenital heart defects, becomes a right-to-left shunt due to changes in pressure within the heart and lungs.
This results in a decreased amount of oxygenated blood circulating throughout the body and an increased amount of deoxygenated blood. Symptoms may include cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes), shortness of breath, fatigue, and poor growth. If left uncorrected, late cyanotic shunt can lead to serious complications such as pulmonary hypertension and heart failure. Treatment may involve medications to manage symptoms, surgery to correct the defect, or a heart transplant in severe cases. It is important to monitor and manage any congenital heart defects to prevent late cyanotic shunt and ensure proper circulation of oxygenated blood throughout the body.
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How does external bevel gingivectomy heal?
-Primary intention
-Secondary
-Tertiary
-Granular tissue formation
External bevel gingivectomy heals through Primary intention, Secondary intention, Tertiary intention and Granular tissue formation.
What is External bevel gingivectomyExternal bevel gingivectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove excess gingival tissue and improve periodontal health.
The healing process can be described using the following terms:
1. Primary intention: This refers to the initial stage of healing, where the wound edges are brought together and sutured. In the case of gingivectomy, the gingival tissue is repositioned and sutured to minimize the wound size, promoting rapid and efficient healing with minimal scarring.
2. Secondary intention: This occurs when the wound edges cannot be approximated, and the wound is left open to heal from the bottom up. In gingivectomy, secondary intention healing is less common, as the primary goal is to minimize the wound size and achieve primary intention healing.
3. Tertiary intention: Also known as delayed primary closure, this involves initially leaving the wound open and then suturing it closed at a later stage. Tertiary intention is not typically employed in gingivectomy, as the focus is on achieving primary intention healing.
4. Granulation tissue formation: During the healing process, granulation tissue forms to fill the wound and replace the removed gingival tissue.
This new tissue is rich in blood vessels and cells involved in wound repair. Over time, the granulation tissue is replaced with mature connective tissue, ultimately restoring the gingival architecture and function.
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[Skip] Most important prognostic factor in breast cancer are____
The most important prognostic factors in breast cancer are the stage of the cancer, the size of the tumor, the grade of the tumor, and the presence of hormone receptors.
The stage of the cancer is determined by the size of the tumor and whether it has spread to nearby lymph nodes or other parts of the body. The size of the tumor is important because larger tumors are generally more advanced and harder to treat. The grade of the tumor refers to how abnormal the cells look under a microscope and can help predict how fast the cancer will grow and spread.
The presence of hormone receptors is also important because it can affect the effectiveness of hormone therapy in treating the cancer. Other factors that may influence the prognosis include the patient's age, overall health, and response to treatment. It is important for patients with breast cancer to work closely with their healthcare team to develop an individualized treatment plan that takes into account all of these factors.
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Root surface tx with what agents?
Use citric acid,
fibronectin
tetracycline
Root surface treatment can be done using various agents, including citric acid, fibronectin, and tetracycline.
Citric acid is used to remove the smear layer and expose the dentin tubules for better penetration of the other agents. Fibronectin is a glycoprotein that enhances the adhesion of fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells to the root surface, promoting healing and attachment. Tetracycline is an antibiotic that has been shown to inhibit the growth of certain periodontal pathogens and stimulate the production of collagen. It can be used alone or in combination with other agents for root surface treatment.
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[Skip] Best diagnostic test for peripheral arterial disease are___
The best diagnostic test for peripheral arterial disease is the ankle-brachial index (ABI) test.
The ankle-brachial index (ABI) test is a non-invasive diagnostic test. It is used to evaluate the blood flow in the legs and feet. It is commonly used to diagnose peripheral artery disease (PAD). It is a condition in which the blood vessels in the legs and feet become narrowed or blocked.
During the ABI test, a healthcare provider uses a blood pressure cuff and a Doppler ultrasound device to measure the systolic blood pressure in the arm and at the ankle.
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