Answer:
C
Explanation:
The key word here is "biologically", thus involving living things.
Temperature changes and water/wind are not living organisms that impact the weathering of soil. However, tree roots and lichens are living and break the soil down for nutrients.
Two parents who are affected by a genetic disorder produce a normal child. This is an example of an/an _______.
autosomal dominant trait
autosomal recessive trait
X-linked recessive trait
Y-linked trait
Two parents who are affected by a genetic disorder produce a normal child is an example of an autosomal dominant trait.
What is an autosomal dominant trait?An autosomal dominant trait is any condition that is expressed only by the presence of the dominant allele and therefore this trait can be expressed in heterozygous individuals.
The heterozygous individuals can have a normal child if he/she is homozygous recessive for the genetic condition.
In conclusion, two parents who are affected by a genetic disorder produce a normal child is an example of an autosomal dominant trait.
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Before leaving the nucleus, ________ are removed from the mrna, leaving only exons to be translated once the mrna leaves the nucleus
When mRNA leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a cap is added to one end of the molecule, a poly A tail is added to the other end, introns are removed, and exons are spliced together. During translation the amino acids are assembled into a protein.
During mRNA processing, the introns (non-coding regions) of the pre-mRNA are removed, and the exons (the coding regions) are spliced together. Additionally, a 5' cap and a 3' poly A tail are added to the pre-mRNA.
Within all cells, the translation machinery resides within a specialized organelle called the ribosome. In eukaryotes, mature mRNA molecules must leave the nucleus and travel to the cytoplasm, where the ribosomes are located.
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What effects do regulations on harvesting at‑risk fish species have on marine fisheries?
There are certain rules and regulations guided by the law on harvesting at-risk fish species. These regulations have different effects on marine fisheries.
Why are the regulations on harvesting at-risk fish species made?These regulations are made so that:
The native resources of that marine environment can be protected.
As per the rules and regulations, no exploitation would be done with these resources and a sustainable approach for fisheries should be considered.
The fishing qualities can be enhanced.
Better fishing techniques should be used to get high yields with less harm to the fish species.
Healthy ecosystems can be maintained.
With sustainable practices as per the rules and regulations, a healthy balance in the ecosystem can be achieved.
The entry of exotic species into the water can be controlled.
Exotic species are those fishes that are foreign and harmful to the native species.
Public safety can be prioritized
Heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, etc. are found in such marine environments so to protect the public from these heavy metals regulations have been made.
So, the effects of these regulations on marine fisheries are
Highly equipped techniques for fisheries.Maintained ecosystem.Protection of the oceans.To know more about marine marine fisheries visit:
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There are certain rules and regulations guided by the law on harvesting at-risk fish species. These regulations have different effects on marine fisheries.
Why are the regulations on harvesting at-risk fish species made?These regulations are made so that:
The native resources of that marine environment can be protected
As per the rules and regulations, no exploitation would be done with these resources and a sustainable approach for fisheries should be considered.
The fishing qualities can be enhancedBetter fishing techniques should be used to get high yields with less harm to the fish species.
Healthy ecosystems can be maintainedWith sustainable practices as per the rules and regulations, a healthy balance in the ecosystem can be achieved.
The entry of exotic species into the water can be controlledExotic species are those fishes that are foreign and harmful to the native species.
Public safety can be prioritizedHeavy metals such as arsenic, lead, etc are found in such marine environments so to protect the public from these heavy metals regulations have been made.
So, the effects of these regulations on marine fisheries are
Highly equipped techniques for fisheriesMaintained ecosystemProtection of the oceansTo know more about marine fisheries visit:
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If a cell stains dark for the sdh test and light for the matpase test, how can we classify that cell?
Cell stained light for the metaphase test and dark for the SDH, then we can classify the cell as an oxidative cell.
What is metaphase?Metaphase, the second stage of mitosis, sees the chromosomes travel onto the spindle's equatorial plane.
What is the SDH test?Oxidative cell stains are dark for the SDH test and light for the metaphase test.SDH is an enzyme used in testing mainly to detect hepatocellular injury in cattle and horses.SDH enzyme is also detected in human tissues. The major sites where the SDH enzymes are found in humans are kidneys, seminal vesicles and kidneys.To know more about oxidative cells visit:
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Which result is consistent with the intestine actively transporting glucose from mucosal to serosal side, with a critical need for an apical sodium/potassium atpase?
The result consistent with the intestine actively transporting glucose from mucosal to serosal side, with a critical need for an apical sodium/potassium ATPase is that the glucose concentrations are higher on the serosal than mucosal at the end of the experiment unless ouabain is applied to the apical side.
The small intestine epithelium is electrogenic in its glucose absorption. The Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1), although glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2) may also be involved, is the main pathway for the transportation of dietary glucose from the intestinal lumen into enterocytes.
The steroid hormone ouabain is an alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide that has undergone multiple hydroxylation. It attaches to and prevents the sodium/potassium-ATPase in the plasma membrane. The binding reduces the enzyme's activity, which modifies the cell's transmembrane electrochemical potential.
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Activity of the digestive system is generally increased by _____________ nervous stimulation.
Answer:
nervous stimulation. parasympathetic.
Explanation:
Which correctly distinguishes between how a pine tree and an apple tree reproduce?
the pine tree bears flowers; the apple tree does not have any flowers.
the pine tree has unprotected seeds; the apple tree has seeds in fruit.
the pine tree is vascular; the apple tree is a seedless, nonvascular plant.
the pine tree is nonvascular; the apple tree is vascular.
the pine tree has unprotected seeds; the apple tree has seeds in fruit.
The pine tree has unprotected seeds. The apple tree has seeds in fruit correctly distinguishes between how a pine tree and an apple tree reproduce.How do pine trees reproduce?Pine trees produce seeds to reproduce. Pine trees produce seeds that are found on scales of structures known as cones, as opposed to deciduous trees, which produce seeds that are surrounded by fruit (pine cones). Cones, the male and female reproductive organs of pine trees, are both present. The same tree is home to both male and female cones.How do apple trees reproduce?Pollen is transferred from the male organ, or stamen, of one blossom to the female organ, or pistil, of another in flowering plants, including apple trees. Few apples with naturally occurring seeds have any real commercial value; the fruit is frequently tiny, bitter, and varies from tree to tree.To learn more about distinguishing between pine tree and apple tree visit:
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Answer: The correct answer is the pine tree has unprotected seeds; the apple tree has seeds in the fruit.
Explanation: Confirmed correct.
One of the most fundamental relationships in biology is between _________ and _________
One of the most fundamental relationships in biology is between structure and function.
Fundamental relationship between structure and function in biology:
The principle that structure determines function is fundamental to biology. In other words, how something is set up within an organism allows it to carry out its function (a living thing). Relationships between structure and function are produced by natural selection.
The term "structure" describes the way the (body) is put together, including the bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Next, move on to the cellular level of the organ structure. The function is the way that (the body) operates.
For example, the fundamental units of all living things are cells. There are many billions of cells in the human body. They give the body structure, absorb nutrients from meals, turn those nutrients into energy, and perform certain tasks.
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What is the source of carbon for terrestrial plants? terrestrial plants acquire carbon from the .
During this process, plants cleave the carbon from the two oxygen molecules and terminate the oxygen back into the surrounding circumstances.
What is terrestrial plants?In terrestrial communities, plants transform atmospheric carbon dioxide into carbon-based combinations through photosynthesis (see above The photosynthetic operation). During this process, plants cleave the carbon from the two oxygen molecules and terminate the oxygen back into the surrounding circumstances.Many terrestrial manufacturers are not even helophytes but rainforest species that tolerate occasional inundation. Examples of these types of plants contain Syngonium, Philodendron, Adiantum, Aglaodorum, Aglaonema, Cordyline, Ophiopogon, and Physostegia.Terrestrial manufacturers are defined as any manufacturer that grows on, in, or from the land. By contrast, aquatic plants are manufacturers that thrive when their roots are submerged in moisture.To learn more about terrestrial plants, refer to:
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What would you assume if you found rna transcripts of lactose-utilizing genes within e. coli?
Rna transcripts of lactose-utilizing genes within e. coli indicates the presence of lactose.
What is operon?
An operon is a collection of genes that all share a single promoter during transcription, found in bateria.There are regulatory DNA sequences in every operon, and these sequences serve as binding sites for regulatory proteins that either encourage or hinder transcription.Regulatory proteins frequently attach to tiny molecules, which can alter the protein's capacity to bind DNA and turn it on or off.Some operons are inducible, which means that a specific tiny molecule can activate them. Others can be turned off by a single molecule and are repressible, which means they are switched on by default.one example of operon is Lac operon of E. coli contains genes involved in lactose metabolism. It's expressed only when lactose is present and glucose is absent.Learn more about the Lac operon with the help of the given link:
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Which ones of these depict conditioning:?
A frequent heroin user experiences euphoria upon injecting any liquid
A faint buzzing becomes more annoying and apparent as it continues
Becoming less scared of bees after a colony builds a hive on your house
The unpleasantness of smelling durian fruit for the first time
Learning to duck after you get slapped in the face
The correct option for conditioning is (e) Learning to duck after you get slapped in the face
A conditioning occurs with increasing regularity in a clearly defined and stable environment, or a given stimulus (or signal) becomes increasingly effective at evoking the desired response. The result will depend on the kind of reinforcement applied.
Human responses can be conditioned by objects and situations, just as Ivan Pavlov discovered that animals can learn through classical conditioning. Imagine hearing a whistle in addition to the aroma of your favourite food. Even though the whistle has nothing to do with the smell of the food, if it were repeatedly coupled with the smell, the whistling sound would eventually cause the conditioned reaction.
Therefore, The correct option for conditioning is (e) Learning to duck after you get slapped in the face
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Jennifer higdon’s blue cathedral opens with bell-like timbres, a style known as what?
Jennifer Higdon's blue cathedral was inspired by the grief over her brother's death. Neo-Romanticism incorporates the lush harmonic language of the Romantic era.
Jennifer Higdon's blue cathedral was inspired by the grief over her brother's death. Jennifer Higdon's blue cathedral is written for a small orchestra.
Of playing in the university orchestra, she has said Because I came to classical music very differently than most people, the newer stuff had more appeal for me than the older. While at Bowling Green, she met Robert Spano, who was teaching a conducting course there and who became one of the champions of Higdon's.
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The ____________ plays a significant role in the icf because phosphates are capable of binding and unbinding h , depending on current conditions of acidity or alkalinity.
The phosphate buffer system plays a significant role in the ICF because phosphates are capable of binding and unbinding H⁺, depending on current conditions of acidity or alkalinity.
What is the role of the phosphate buffer system in ICF?The phosphate buffer system plays an important role in buffering intracellular fluid (ICF).
H₂PO₄⁻ and HPO₄²⁻ are the two primary components of the phosphate buffer system. When a mixture of these two chemicals is exposed to a potent acid, such as HCl, the hydrogen is absorbed by the base HPO₄²⁻ and transformed into H₂PO₄⁻.
The strong acid, HCl, is replaced by another weak acid, NaH₂PO₄, as a result of this reaction, which also minimizes pH reduction.
The OH⁻ is buffered by the H₂PO₄⁻ to create further amounts of HPO₄²⁻ + H₂O when a strong base, such as NaOH, is added to the buffer system.
In this scenario, a strong base (NaOH) is exchanged for a weak base (NaH₂PO₄), leading to a minimal pH increase.
The body fluids' typical pH is 7.4, so the phosphate buffer system's pK of 6.8, which is close to that value, enables the system to function close to its maximal buffering capacity.
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Would needed to target a cytosolic protein (fully translated) to the exoplasmic face of the plasma membrane?
The protein that is initially modified by the addition of branching carbohydrate chains in the rough Endoplasmic reticulum. The protein in it final set of carbohydrates chains is then transported to plasma membrane in transport vesicle.
In cytosol that expect for a few protein made in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Protein do not have a signal peptide stay in cytosol for the rest of translation. They can lack other address labels, and stay in the cytosol permanently.
They have the rights labels, they can be sent the mitochondria , chloroplasts, peroxisomes after the translation. Protein that made in the cytosol that stay permanent.
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Question 4 of 19
Which term describes the increasing interconnectedness of nations through
communication and trade?
OA. Piracy
OB. Globalization
OC. Speciation
D. Diplomacy
SUBMIT
Answer:
Explanation:
globalization
The term describes the increasing interconnectedness of nations through communication and trade is B. Globalization.
In easy terms, globalization is the manner by which human beings and goods circulate effortlessly across borders. Mainly, it's a monetary idea – the combination of markets, trade, and investments with few barriers to slow the flow of products and services between international locations.
Globalization, or globalization, is the process of interplay and integration among human beings, companies, and governments international. Globalization has accelerated since the 18th century due to advances in transportation and communications technology.
Because of this unique customs and behavior shared amongst nearby groups had been shared amongst groups that (used to) have special tactics or even unique ideals. Desirable examples of cultural globalization are, for instance, the buying and selling of commodities together with espresso or avocados.
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From the perspective of porter's five forces model, universal technical standards increases the threat of new entrants because they?
From the perspective of porter's five forces model, universal technical standards increases the threat of new entrants because they lower market entry costs.
What are porter's five forces?Porter's Five Forces, a methodology that identifies and analyses five competitive forces that affect every business, can be used to determine an industry's weaknesses and strengths.The Five Forces analysis is often used to determine an industry's structure in order to establish business strategy.Porter's methodology can help any sector of the economy better understand industry competition and boost long-term profitability.Following Harvard Business School professor Michael E. Porter, the Five Forces theory was developed. These are Porter's five forces: The industry is rife with turmoil.The possibility of new competitors entering the marketThe impact of suppliersThe impact of consumers product replacement risk
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What type of insulin is administered at bedtime, either with or without another type of insulin?
The insulin glargine is a long-acting human insulin analogue that is frequently given to type 2 diabetes patients before bed. Compared to human neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin, it lowers fasting blood sugar levels more effectively and with fewer nocturnal hypoglycemia episodes.
Diabetes is a metabolic disease treated with a variety of insulins. They are categorised according to how quickly they begin to operate and how long their effects remain.
The various insulin kinds include:
Rapid-acting, which takes effect immediately and lasts for a few hours Regular- or short-acting medications last between three and six hours and fully kick in after around 30 minutes. Intermediate-acting; takes two to four hours to fully kick in. 18 hours is the maximum duration of its effects. long-acting and able to last all-day Pre-mixedTo learn more about insulin glargine click here
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Arterioles have no significant parasympathetic innervation, with the exception of the abundant parasympathetic vasodilator supply to the arterioles of the genitalia.
a. true
b. false
True.
Except for the substantial parasympathetic vasodilator supply to the vaginal arterioles, arteries do not have much parasympathetic innervation.
What are the arterioles and their innervations?A microcirculation blood vessel with a small diameter known as an arteriole extends and branches from an artery to lead to capillaries.
The main site of vascular resistance is found in arterioles, which have muscular walls with typically only one to two layers of smooth muscle cells. The transition from arterioles to capillaries is where blood pressure and blood flow velocity vary the most.
Arterioles are innervated by the autonomic nervous system and respond to different circulating hormones to control their diameter. A functioning sympathetic innervation does not exist in retinal vessels.
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Which compound would most likely experience only london dispersion forces between its moleucles?
The nonpolar compounds are most likely to experience only London dispersion forces between molecules
When two atoms share electrons evenly, a type of chemical bond known as a non-polar covalent link is created. The number of electrons shared by the neighboring atoms in an atom will therefore be equal. Because of the largest minor difference in electronegativity in non-polar, the covalent bond is also referred to as nonpolar.
The least powerful intermolecular force is the London dispersion force. When the electrons in two nearby atoms occupy positions that cause the atoms to temporarily form dipoles, the consequence is the London dispersion force, a transient attractive force. The term "induced dipole-induced dipole attraction" is frequently used to describe this effect.
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What is the defining characteristic of a
prokaryotic cell?
A. having a nucleus
B. not having a nucleus
C. not having DNA
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus
During gastrulation, the blastomeres fuse. three germ layers are formed. the placenta penetrates the endometrium. the neural tube closes. cells from the hypoblast move to the epiblast
During gastrulation, three germ layers are formed.
Gastrulation:The process of gastrulation, during which the hollow ball of cells known as the blastula starts to differentiate into more specialized cells that get stratified over the growing embryo, is when the germ layers are formed.
One of the most important stages of development, gastrulation produces the three basic germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm) and primes the system for organogenesis.
Each germ layer's cells undergo differentiation to become tissues and embryonic organs. The nervous system and the epidermis are two examples of tissues that develop from the ectoderm. The body's connective tissue and muscle cells are derived from the mesoderm.
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Studies show that macula communicans are common but NOT found as part of the tissues in the gallbladder or skeletal muscle. One possible explanation for this could be that these organs are:
To allow for absorption and secretion to take place, specialized zones known as macula communicans exist between the muscle cells is one possible explanation.
Explain about macular communicans?Central vision opacity may result from the eye ailment age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It happens when aging causes damage to the macula, the part of the eye that controls accurate, straight-ahead vision.The macula is a part of the retina (the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye).The cause is usually abnormal blood vessels that leak fluid or blood into the macula. The macula is located in the region of the retina that regulates central vision.Together with the rest of your retina, the macula transforms light entering your eye into the images you perceive.It regulates your center vision, which gives you the ability to see things in front.Light enters your eye through the front lens and then reaches the retina.Learn more about macular communicans here:
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To approximate vocal frequencies, which tuning fork should be used to assess hearing?
What are the products of heterotrophs that are used by autotrophs for their metabolism?
The products of heterotrophs that are used by autotrophs for their metabolism are carbon dioxide and water.
What are heterotrophs?An organism is referred to as a heterotroph if it consumes different plants or animals seeking food and energy. Its origins are in the Greek words hetero, which means "other," and trophe, which means "nutrition."
Some characteristics of heterotroph are-
In a food chain, a group of creatures that supply energy and nutrients to other organisms, heterotrophs inhabit the first and second levels. Three trophic levels, that characterize an organism's function in an ecosystem, make up each food chain. The first food level is occupied by autotrophs, which include plants and algae.What is autotrophs?Autotrophs are referred to as producers since they can generate their own food using energy and raw resources. Plants, algae, and several varieties of bacteria are examples.
Some characteristics of autotrophs are-
An creature that can make its own nourishment by the use of light, water, co2, or other substances is an autotroph. Autotrophs are also referred to as producers because they make their own nourishment.The majority of autotrophs produce their food through a process known as photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, photosynthetic organisms use the sun's energy to turn the air's carbon dioxide and the soil's water into glucose, a nutrition.To know more about kind of organism is a heterotroph, here
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What is the correct sequence of structures encountered by neural information as it travels along a neuron?
The correct sequence of structures encountered by neural information as it travels along a neuron is Cell body > Axon > Nerve terminal.
How does neural information travels along a neuron?The neural information also known as the impulse is generated and transmitted through the nerve cells. The impulse is received by dendrites, which then send it to the cell body.. From the cell body, the impulse flows through the axon and then reaches the nerve terminal. The subsequent neuron receives the impulse through the synaptic connection.
The correct sequence of impulse travel through neurons is cell body to axon to the nerve terminal.
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More desert cottontail rabbits move into the ecosystem. Describe how the additional rabbits will affect the carrying capacity of the ecosystem for both coyotes and wild grasses. PLEASE HELP ME !!!! WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
Overgrazing natural and sown pastures, which results in a loss of plant diversification and lower crop yields, is one way that rabbits can harm an area.
What effect of rabbit on carrying capacity of ecosystem?Reducing the carrying capacity of the land by increasing grazing pressure and competing with domestic cattle and local animals for food and shelter.
The neighborhood food chain will be impacted by the cottontail rabbit's population growth. Wild grasses will disappear as a result of increased population.
Due to the abundance of prey, the coyote population will grow. The number of both the coyotes and the extra rabbits will decline.
If the wild grasses are unable to support the extra rabbits, which will have an impact on the ecosystem as a whole.
Therefore, additional rabbits will affect the carrying capacity of the ecosystem for both coyotes and wild grasses.
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What are some similarities and differences between the anthropologist subdisciplines?
Sociology and anthropology do have some parallels, but they are not exactly the same. On the one hand, anthropology examines the physical traits, environments, and cultures of modern humans and their forebears. Sociocultural, linguistic, biological, and archaeological anthropology are its subfields.
What is anthropology?In addition to studying the historical and modern human species, anthropology also examines human behavior, biology, cultures, civilizations, and linguistics. The scientific study of humans is known as anthropology. Anthropologists investigate all the various dimensions of the human experience from a holistic perspective. To learn how and what mattered to human groups hundreds or thousands of years ago, they turn to the past through archaeology. Human societies are compared internationally and historically in anthropology.For instance, we contrast the legal and religious systems of today with those of the past. We research multinational firms while comparing social systems such as family dynamics.The study of early hominids, chimpanzees, and people is known as anthropology.
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What would you label the range of temperature from 90°f to 94°f for this particular species?
The tolerance range of a species is determined by environmental conditions. The range of temperature from 90°f to 94°f for this particular fish species is the Physiological stress zone. Option B.
What is the tolerance range of a species?
The tolerance range can be defined as the range of environmental conditions between which an organism or a species is potentially capable of surviving.
When talking about environmental conditions, we are referring to factors such as temperature, pH, latitude, altitude, salinity, humidity, radiation, etcetera. These are the limiting factors.
Limiting factors are environmental biotic or abiotic conditions that directly act on populations and individuals, limiting their distribution and growth. These factors affect natality and mortality rate, migration, etcetera.
The tolerance range depends on the species and the individual development stage.
• Different species express different tolerance ranges for the same limiting factor.
• An individual can change its tolerance range with time.
Three different zones can be distinguished for a species according to its tolerance range,
Optimum zone → there is a high number of individualsPhysiological stress zone → there is a low number of individualsIntolerance zone → No individuals at allIn the exposed example,
Optimum zone → Between 95F-96FPhysiological stress zone → 97F-100F and 90F-94F Intolerance zone → Above 100F and Below 90FIn the attched files you will find a graph with this information.
The range of temperature from 90°f to 94°f for this particular fish species is the Physiological stress zone. Option B.
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Complete question:
Use the following example for the question. A species of fish can withstand a narrow range of temperature. Above 100F there are no individuals present. In the range from 97F-100F and 90F-94F there are a few individuals present. Below 90F there are no individuals present. Between 95F-96F there are many individuals.
What would you label the range of temperature from 90F to 94F for this particular species?
A. zone of intolerance
B. zone of physiological stress
C. tolerance limit range
D. optimal range
E. range of tolerance
The sensory endings of intrafusal muscle fibers __________ when the muscle lengthens and __________ when it shortens
The sensory endings of intrafusal muscle fibers stretch when the muscle lengthens and relax when it shortens.
Intrafusal muscle fibers are skeletal muscle fibres that serve as specialized sensory organs (proprioceptors). They detect the amount and rate of change in length of a muscle. They constitute the muscle spindle, and are innervated by both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) fibers.
There are two types of intrafusal muscle fibers:
Nuclear bag fibers Nuclear chain fibersThey bear two types of sensory ending, known as annulospiral and flower-spray endings. Both ends of these fibers contract, but the central region only stretches and does not contract.
Intrafusal muscle fibers are walled off from the rest of the muscle by an outer connective tissue sheath consisting of flattened fibroblasts and collagen. This sheath has a spindle or "fusiform" shape, hence the name "intrafusal".
Function :
Intrafusal muscle fibers detect the amount and rate of change in muscle length. It is by the sensory information from gamma motor neurons and beta motor neurons that an individual is able to judge the position of their muscles.
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The cardiogenic mesoderm is induced by _______ in the anterior endoderm and _______ in the splanchnic mesoderm
The cardiogenic mesoderm is induced by Wnt inhibitors in the anterior endoderm and BMPs in the splanchnic mesoderm. The correct option is A.
What are Wnt inhibitors?Small protein families that contain Wnt inhibitors include sFRP, Dkk, WIF, Wise/SOST, Cerberus, IGFBP, Shisa, Waif1, APCDD1, and Tiki1.
Their shared property is that they inhibit Wnt signaling by trying to prevent ligand-receptor interactions or Wnt receptor maturation.
The Wnt catenin signaling pathway is linked to stem cell pluripotency, self-renewal, and distinguishing ability.
Wnt inhibitors in the occipital endoderm and BMPs in the splanchnic mesoderm induce the cardiogenic mesoderm.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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Your question seems incomplete, the probable missing options are:
-Wnt inhibitors; BMPs-BMPs; Wnt-noggin; BMPs-Wnt inhibitors; chordin