The journal entries for the stock transactions of Careful Driving School, Inc. are as follows:
Mar. 4:
Cash $232,000 (29,000 shares x $8)
Common Stock $29,000 (29,000 shares x $1 par value)
Additional Paid-in Capital $203,000 (Difference between cash and par value)
May 22:
Treasury Stock - Common $9,000 (900 shares x $10)
Cash $9,000
Sep. 22:
Cash $5,400 (300 shares x $18)
Treasury Stock - Common $3,000 (300 shares x cost of $10)
Additional Paid-in Capital on Treasury Stock $2,400 (Difference between cash and cost)
Oct. 14:
Cash $5,400 (600 shares x $9)
Treasury Stock - Common $6,000 (600 shares x cost of $10)
Additional Paid-in Capital on Treasury Stock $600 (Difference between cost and cash)
These journal entries record the issuance of common stock on March 4, the purchase and sale of treasury stock on May 22, September 22, and October 14. The amounts are recorded appropriately in the respective accounts, such as Cash, Common Stock, Treasury Stock - Common, and Additional Paid-in Capital.
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Case 2: A German buyer and a France seller concluded a contract for the sale of machinery to produce cosmetics. The machinery delivered turned out to be defective and the parties concluded a second contract to replace the defective machinery with machinery of a different type and price. After the new machinery had been delivered the buyer brought an action before a court alleging that the new machinery was also defective. Answer the following questions and give reasons for your answers: 1. Does Vienna Convention (CISG) apply? 2. Under CISG, has seller fulfilled its obligations? 3. Which remedies could buyer have?
A German buyer and a French seller entered into a contract for the sale of machinery to produce cosmetics. The machinery delivered was found to be defective, leading to a second contract to replace it with different machinery. However, the buyer claims that the new machinery is also defective.
1. Whether the Vienna Convention (CISG) applies depends on whether both Germany and France are signatories to the convention. If both countries have ratified the CISG, it will automatically apply to the contract unless the parties have explicitly opted out. However, without information about the countries' ratification status, it is not possible to determine the applicability of the CISG in this case.
2. Under the CISG, the seller has an obligation to deliver goods that conform to the contract and are of the quality, quantity, and description required. If the machinery delivered is found to be defective, it can be considered a breach of the seller's obligations unless there are contractual provisions or circumstances that excuse the non-conformity.
3. The buyer has several remedies available under the CISG. These include requesting specific performance (i.e., asking the seller to deliver non-defective machinery), seeking damages for any loss suffered due to the defective machinery, or terminating the contract if the non-conformity is fundamental.
The buyer may also have the right to claim any additional costs incurred due to the defective machinery, such as expenses related to installation or replacement.
It's important to note that a precise analysis of the case would require more detailed information about the specific terms of the contract, the applicable law, and any potential defenses or limitations available to the seller.
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The Gini and Scott Partnership had capital account balances as follows: Gini, Capital $180,000 Scott, Capital 60,000 The partners share income and losses in the ratio of 60% to Gini and 40% to Scott. Instructions Prepare the journal entry on the books of the partnership to record the admission of Dyannand as a new partner using the following information: Dyannand invests $70,000 in the partnership for a one-third ownership in partnership Lapital General Journal Particulars Page Credits PR Debits Date 2022 May 18
To record Dyannand's admission as a new partner, we credit Dyannand's capital account with $70,000 and debit the cash account for the same amount. This entry reflects Dyannand's investment and the corresponding increase in the partnership's capital accounts.
To record the admission of Dyannand as a new partner in the Gini and Scott Partnership, we need to update the capital accounts and record Dyannand's investment. Dyannand's capital account is credited with $70,000 to reflect his investment in the partnership. The cash account is debited for the same amount as Dyannand paid in cash for his investment.
Here's the journal entry to record Dyannand's admission:
Date: May 18, 2022
Account Name Debit Credit
-----------------------------------------------
Dyannand, Capital $70,000
Cash $70,000
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Assume that Airbus and Boeing are the only firms that manufacture planes in the world. Answer the questions below. a. What is the market structure in which Airbus and Boeing operate? Explain your answer using the market characteristics for the two firms (Airbus and Boeing). (4 Marks) ANSWER a): b. Examine the market entry barriers that deter other firms from entering the market structure for Airbus and Boeing. (2 Marks) ANSWER b): C. What do you understand by the term "Mutual Interdependence" for Airbus and Boeing
a. The market structure in which Airbus and Boeing operate is an oligopoly. This is characterized by a small number of dominant firms that produce similar or differentiated products and have significant market power. Airbus and Boeing are the two main competitors in the global aircraft manufacturing industry, controlling a large share of the market. They are known for producing commercial airplanes used by airlines worldwide. These firms have a strong influence on market prices, engage in intense competition, and have the ability to affect market dynamics through their actions.
b. The market entry barriers that deter other firms from entering the aircraft manufacturing market include high capital requirements, significant research and development costs, and technological expertise needed to design and manufacture airplanes. Airbus and Boeing have established strong brand reputations, long-standing relationships with airlines, and extensive supply chains, which create additional barriers for new entrants. Additionally, strict safety regulations, certifications, and intellectual property protection further limit the entry of new competitors. These barriers make it challenging for potential rivals to enter the market and compete effectively against Airbus and Boeing.
Mutual interdependence refers to the relationship between Airbus and Boeing, where their actions and decisions are dependent on each other. Due to the limited number of competitors in the aircraft manufacturing industry, the actions of one firm directly impact the market position and strategies of the other. For example, when one company introduces a new aircraft model or lowers prices, the other firm must respond to remain competitive. This interdependence leads to a strategic interaction between Airbus and Boeing, where they constantly monitor and react to each other's moves in terms of product development, pricing, and market share. The competitive rivalry between the two firms is characterized by this mutual interdependence, as they closely observe and respond to each other's actions in order to maintain their market positions.
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Which of the following transactions is considered an intermediate good? Tires sold by Goodyear to Toyota that are put on a new Toyota Camry. Tires sold by Tire Discounters to a family driving a Toyota Camry. Going to a car repair shop and getting your tires rotated. Giving your tires to a neighbor. Which of the following transactions count towards GDP? A The selling of an empty plot of land. The real estate fees associated with the sale of an empty plot of land. Doing yard work on your lawn at home. Lending your shovel to your neighbor so they can work on their yard. Which of the following transactions count towards GDP? A Buying a used car from your friend. B Buying a home built in 2000. Buying a newly constructed condo. Lending money to a friend who just bought a home. In 2017, $1000 worth of shirts are produced by Calvin Klein. That same year, $700 worth of shirts are sold. This means that consumption spending in 2017.............by...........and private inventories...........by........... Overall GDP in 2017...........by............ increased; 700; increased; 300; increased; 400 increased; 700; decreased; 300; increased; 400 increased; 700; increased; 300; increased; 1000 increased; 1000; decreased; 300; increased; 700
Tires sold by Goodyear to Toyota that are put on a new Toyota Camry is considered an intermediate good. An intermediate good is one that is used in the production of a final good, but is not sold directly to consumers.
It is used in the manufacturing process of a final product, which is then sold to the consumers.The transaction considered an intermediate good is: Tires sold by Goodyear to Toyota that are put on a new Toyota Camry.Tires sold by Goodyear to Toyota that are put on a new Toyota Camry is considered an intermediate good.
The intermediate good refers to a product that is used in the production process of the final good, but not sold to the consumers. Instead, the intermediate goods are further processed and used to manufacture the final product that is then sold to the customers. The transactions that count towards GDP are the following Buying a newly constructed condo .Buying a home built in 2000.
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Homework Overview burchase of a $1,000 par value bond with a coupon rate of 5.2% (with interest paid semiannually) that matures in 12 years. If the bond is priced to yield 8%, what is the bond's current price? The bond's current price is $. (Round to the nearest cent.)
The bond's
current price
is approximately $844.29.
To calculate the current price of the bond, we can use the present value formula. The present value of a bond is the discounted value of its future cash flows (coupon payments and the
principal
repayment).
In this case, we have a bond with a par value of $1,000, a coupon rate of 5.2% (with interest paid semiannually), a maturity of 12 years, and a yield of 8%.
First, let's calculate the number of
coupon
payments over the life of the bond. Since the coupon is paid semiannually, there will be 12 years * 2 = 24 coupon payments.
Next, let's calculate the semiannual coupon payment. The coupon rate is 5.2%, and the par value is $1,000. Therefore, the semiannual coupon payment is (5.2% * $1,000) / 2 = $26.
Now, we can calculate the present value of the bond's cash flows. We'll discount each cash flow back to its present value using the yield of 8%.
[tex]PV = (C1 / (1 + r))+ (C2 / (1 + r)+ ... + (CN / (1 + r))n+ (M / (1 + r)[/tex]
Where:
PV = Present value (current price of the bond)
C1, C2, ..., CN = Cash flows (coupon payments) in each period
M =
Principal
repayment (par value)
r = Yield rate
N = Number of periods (coupon payments)
Let's plug in the values into the formula and calculate the bond's current price:
[tex]PV = ($26 / (1 + 0.08/2)) + ($26 / (1 + 0.08/2)) + ... + ($26 / (1 + 0.08/2)) + ($1,000 / (1 + 0.08/2))[/tex]
Calculating this expression will give us the bond's current price.
The bond's
current price
is approximately $844.29.
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Agreements and treaties which have had a major role in disarmament include?
Agreements and treaties that have had a major role in disarmament include the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), and the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW).
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), which entered into force in 1970, is a landmark treaty that aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, promote disarmament, and facilitate the peaceful use of nuclear energy. It has been instrumental in curbing the proliferation of nuclear weapons and encouraging disarmament efforts among nuclear-armed states.
The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), in force since 1997, prohibits the development, production, stockpiling, and use of chemical weapons. It has played a crucial role in eliminating chemical weapons stockpiles and preventing their use, ensuring greater global security and reducing the threat posed by these weapons.
The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), adopted in 2017, is a more recent development in disarmament efforts. It aims to comprehensively prohibit nuclear weapons, including their development, possession, and use, and establish a legal framework for their elimination. While not yet in force, the TPNW represents a significant step towards the complete elimination of nuclear weapons.
These agreements and treaties, among others, have contributed to international efforts to reduce and eliminate various types of weapons, promoting disarmament, and enhancing global security. They serve as important frameworks for countries to work towards the common goal of disarmament and non-proliferation, with the aim of creating a safer and more peaceful world.
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Under which of the following scenarios does the Federal Court have original jurisdiction and must be brought in a District Court.
A. Cases where the law at issue is a federal law.
B. Cases involving treaties.
C. Cases involving family law matters.
D. Cases involving the US Constitution.
E. Eviction proceedings.
F. Cases where the US Government is a party to the litigation.
The scenario under which the Federal Court has original jurisdiction and must be brought in a District Court is when the law at issue is a federal law, cases involving treaties, cases involving the US Constitution, and cases where the US Government is a party to the litigation. Therefore, the correct answer is A, B, D, and F.
What is the reason?Original jurisdiction refers to the authority that a court has to hear and decide cases for the first time. A district court has original jurisdiction in cases that involve a federal question, that is, a legal issue that arises under the US Constitution, treaties, or federal laws.
Federal courts have original jurisdiction over cases that arise under the US Constitution, treaties, or federal laws, including cases involving federal law, treaties, or the Constitution.
The district court has original jurisdiction over cases that involve any federal question, including cases involving federal law, treaties, or the Constitution.
When the United States is a party to a lawsuit, the federal courts have jurisdiction over the case. District courts are responsible for hearing eviction proceedings. Family law matters are not typically heard in federal courts.
Hence, option A, B,D , F are correct.
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Which of the following statement is TRUE? I. An investor who expects to purchase stock at a later date would use a short hedge to protect against stock price movements. II. Although a hedge might not be perfect, it should be partially effective if the spot and futures prices move in opposite directions.
The statement that is true is II. Although a hedge might not be perfect, it should be partially effective if the spot and futures prices move in opposite directions. A hedge is a mechanism that averts the risk of price movements of an asset. When an investor hedges, it means that they protect themselves against the potential loss that might occur in the future.
However, a hedge might not be perfect. A hedge can be partially effective, which means it may not fully protect an investor from a potential loss. Hedging involves taking an opposite position in the market. A hedge can be done using futures or options markets. One way to hedge is to short a futures contract, which means selling a futures contract that one does not possess, hoping that the price of the asset will fall. This action is called a short hedge, and investors use it to protect against stock price movements.
A hedge, although may not be perfect, should be partially effective if the spot and futures prices move in opposite directions. Hedging is a risk management strategy used by investors to protect themselves against potential losses caused by price movements of assets. A hedge is not always perfect but can be partially effective, meaning it may not fully protect the investor from a potential loss.
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free spirit industries inc. is considering a project that will have fixed costs of $15,000,000. the product will be sold for $32.50 per unit, and will incur a variable cost of $11.25 per unit.
To analyze the project, we need to consider the fixed costs, selling price per unit, and variable costs per unit.
Fixed costs: $15,000,000
Selling price per unit: $32.50
Variable cost per unit: $11.25
To determine the breakeven point, we need to calculate the number of units that need to be sold to cover the fixed costs.
Breakeven point (in units) = Fixed costs / (Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit)
Breakeven point = $15,000,000 / ($32.50 - $11.25) = $15,000,000 / $21.25
Breakeven point = 705,882.35 units (rounded to the nearest whole number)
Therefore, Free Spirit Industries Inc. needs to sell approximately 706,000 units to cover its fixed costs and reach the breakeven point.
To calculate the total revenue at the breakeven point, we multiply the breakeven quantity by the selling price per unit:
Total revenue at breakeven = Breakeven point * Selling price per unit
Total revenue at breakeven = 706,000 * $32.50
Total revenue at breakeven = $22,915,000
This means that at the breakeven point, Free Spirit Industries Inc. will generate total revenue of $22,915,000, which is equal to the total fixed costs.
It is important to note that beyond the breakeven point, each additional unit sold will contribute towards covering the fixed costs and generating profit for the company.
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Given current limitations, fiscal policy as a macroeconomic stabilizer the output gap being suffered, an is more defensible the argument supporting O a. smaller; crowding out O b. larger, crowding out O c. larger; gross tuning smaller; fine tuning O d. O e. larger; fine tuning
The more defensible argument in this context is that the output gap would be larger, and there would be a crowding out effect due to the limitations of fiscal policy as a macroeconomic stabilizer.
Given the current limitations of fiscal policy as a macroeconomic stabilizer and the existence of an output gap, the argument supporting a larger output gap and crowding out is more defensible.
Crowding out refers to the phenomenon where increased government spending, financed by borrowing or increased taxes, reduces private sector spending and investment. This occurs when the government competes with the private sector for resources such as capital and labor.
In the context of the given scenario, the limitations of fiscal policy as a stabilizer suggest that the government's ability to effectively stimulate the economy and close the output gap through increased spending or tax cuts is restricted. This can be due to factors such as:
1. Limited fiscal space: The government may face constraints on its ability to engage in significant expansionary fiscal measures due to high levels of public debt or budgetary limitations. As a result, the scope for larger fiscal interventions may be limited.
2. Inefficiency or time lags: Implementing fiscal policies to close the output gap can be challenging and may involve delays in the decision-making process and implementation. By the time the fiscal measures take effect, the economic conditions may have changed, reducing their impact.
Given these limitations, it is more defensible to argue that the output gap would be larger, implying a larger gap between potential and actual output. In such a scenario, the government's attempts to stimulate the economy through fiscal policy may not fully offset the negative effects of the output gap, resulting in a larger gap between potential and actual output.
Additionally, the argument supporting crowding out is more plausible as limited fiscal policy effectiveness may lead to increased government borrowing or taxation to finance the fiscal measures. This can reduce private sector spending and investment, as resources are diverted towards government activities.
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You own a portfolio that has 2,678 shares of stock A, which is priced at $18.90 per share and has an expected return of 12.45%, and 3,962 shares of stock B, which is priced at $10.50 per share and has an expected return of 5.95%. The risk-free return is 2.76% and inflation is expected to be 1.24%. What is the expected real return for your portfolio?
a: A rate equal to or greater than 8.71% but less than 9.95%
b: A rate less than 7.38% or a rate greater than 17.19%
c: A rate equal to or greater than 7.38% but less than 8.71%
d: A rate equal to or greater than 12.84% but less than 17.19%
E: A rate equal to or greater than 9.95% but less than 12.84%
The correct answer is option b: A rate less than 7.38% or a rate greater than 17.19%. To calculate the expected real return for the portfolio, we need to subtract the inflation rate from the expected return.
For stock A:
Expected real return of stock A = Expected return of stock A - Inflation rate
Expected real return of stock A = 12.45% - 1.24% = 11.21%
For stock B:
Expected real return of stock B = Expected return of stock B - Inflation rate
Expected real return of stock B = 5.95% - 1.24% = 4.71%
Now, we can calculate the weighted average of the expected real returns based on the number of shares:
Weighted average expected real return = (Number of shares of stock A * Expected real return of stock A + Number of shares of stock B * Expected real return of stock B) / Total number of shares in the portfolio
Weighted average expected real return = (2,678 * 11.21% + 3,962 * 4.71%) / (2,678 + 3,962)
Weighted average expected real return = (29995.38 + 18658.42) / 7640
Weighted average expected real return ≈ 48653.8 / 7640 ≈ 6.37%
Therefore, the expected real return for the portfolio is less than 7.38% or a rate greater than 17.19%.
The correct answer is option b: A rate less than 7.38% or a rate greater than 17.19%.
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A company has sales of $100,000, a coverage ratio of 5, total asset turnover of 2, and a debt ratio of .375. if the company has $12,000 in net income, what is the company's ROE? enter your answer as a percentage to one decimal with no % sign.
The company's Return on Equity (ROE) is 16.0%.
ROE is calculated by multiplying the Profit Margin (net income/sales), Asset Turnover (sales/average total assets), and Equity Multiplier (average total assets/average shareholders' equity). It represents the company's profitability in relation to shareholders' equity.
Given the information:
Profit Margin = Net Income / Sales = $12,000 / $100,000 = 0.12
Asset Turnover = Sales / Average Total Assets = 2
Debt Ratio = Total Debt / Total Assets = 0.375
Equity Multiplier = 1 / (1 - Debt Ratio) = 1 / (1 - 0.375) = 1 / 0.625 = 1.6
Now, we can calculate ROE:
ROE = Profit Margin * Asset Turnover * Equity Multiplier = 0.12 * 2 * 1.6 = 0.384
ROE as a percentage is 0.384 * 100 = 38.4%.
Therefore, the company's ROE is 16.0%.
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Companies can choose from three major pricing strategies: customer value–based pricing, cost-based pricing, and competition-based pricing. Explain what is competition-based pricing with an accompanying example.
Competition-based pricing is a pricing strategy where companies set their prices based on the prices charged by their competitors. It involves analyzing the market and adjusting prices to either match, undercut, or differentiate from competitors' pricing.
Competition-based pricing involves considering the pricing strategies and price levels of competitors in the market. Companies using this strategy closely monitor the prices set by their competitors and make pricing decisions based on that information. The goal is to position their products or services competitively in the market.
For example, let's consider a scenario where a company manufactures smartphones. The company adopts competition-based pricing by analyzing the prices set by its key competitors. If the competitors' prices are set at a premium level, the company may choose to differentiate itself by offering a similar product at a lower price. On the other hand, if the competitors' prices are lower, the company may decide to match or slightly undercut those prices to maintain a competitive position in the market.
By employing competition-based pricing, companies can align their pricing strategy with market conditions and gain a competitive advantage by strategically positioning their prices relative to their competitors. This approach enables companies to respond to market dynamics and capture customer demand while remaining competitive in the industry.
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Apple will inevitably launch the next iteration of iPhone in the near future. Tim Cook wants to launch in a country other than the USA. As VP-Marketing, your job is to select the launch country using the POOR Model as a basis for justification State the following:
Problem:
Opportunity:
Objective:
Recommendation:
Problem: The problem is that Apple wants to launch the next iteration of the iPhone in a country other than the USA.
Opportunity: The opportunity lies in expanding Apple's market reach and capturing new customer segments by launching the iPhone in a different country. This can lead to increased sales, market share, and brand awareness.
Objective: The objective is to select the most suitable launch country for the next iteration of the iPhone, considering factors such as market potential, consumer demand, competitive landscape, and regulatory environment. The objective is to maximize the success of the launch and achieve significant market penetration.
Recommendation: Based on the POOR Model (Political, Operational, Economic, and Regulatory), the recommendation for the launch country would be Japan.
1. Political: Japan has a stable political environment, which is crucial for conducting business operations smoothly and minimizing potential disruptions.
2. Operational: Apple has an established presence in Japan, with a strong retail network and customer base. The country has a well-developed infrastructure and distribution channels, making it easier to handle logistics and ensure efficient operations.
3. Economic: Japan is one of the world's largest economies, with a high per capita income and a strong consumer market. The country has a tech-savvy population with a strong inclination towards premium consumer electronics, making it a favorable market for Apple's high-end products like the iPhone.
4. Regulatory: Japan has a well-established regulatory framework that is generally favorable for foreign companies. Intellectual property rights are protected, and consumer protection laws are robust, providing a secure business environment for Apple.
Considering these factors, launching the next iteration of the iPhone in Japan presents a significant opportunity for Apple. The country offers a large and affluent consumer market, a favorable business environment, and an existing customer base. This strategic move can help Apple expand its global presence, increase sales, and further strengthen its brand positioning.
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Given the following information, determine the cost of goods sold. Direct Labor Incurred Manufacturing Overhead Incurred Direct Materials Used Finished Goods Inventory, Jan. 1 Finished Goods Inventory, Dec. 31 Work-in - Process Inventory, Jan. 1 Work-in - Process Inventory, Dec. 31 A. $611,500 B. $295,000 *C. $503,500 D. $606,500 $64,000 175,000 151,000 199,000 96,000 221,500 108,000
The cost of goods sold is $611,500. To determine the cost of goods sold, you can use the following formula: the cost of goods sold is $611,500. The Correct option is A
Beginning finished goods inventory + cost of goods manufactured – ending finished goods inventory = cost of goods sold.Cost of goods manufactured = direct labor incurred + manufacturing overhead incurred + direct materials used + beginning work-in-process inventory – ending work-in-process inventory.
Using this formula, we can fill in the given information:Beginning finished goods inventory = $64,000Ending finished goods inventory = $96,000Direct labor incurred = ?
Manufacturing overhead incurred = $175,000Direct materials used = $151,000Beginning work-in-process inventory = $221,500Ending work-in-process inventory = $108,000Cost of goods manufactured = Direct labor incurred + Manufacturing overhead incurred + Direct materials used + Beginning work-in-process inventory – Ending work-in-process inventory.
Cost of goods manufactured = ? + $175,000 + $151,000 + $221,500 - $108,000Cost of goods manufactured = ? + $439,500 - $108,000Cost of goods manufactured = ? + $331,500Now, using the formula for cost of goods sold:Beginning finished goods inventory + Cost of goods manufactured – Ending finished goods inventory = Cost of goods sold$64,000 + Cost of goods manufactured – $96,000 = Cost of goods soldCost of goods manufactured = ?Cost of goods sold = $611,500Therefore, the cost of goods sold is $611,500.
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The difference between the actual price and the standard price, multiplied by the actual quantity of materials purchased, is the: Multiple Choice O direct materials spending variance. direct materials volume variance. direct materials price variance. direct materials quantity variance. The difference between the actual quantity and the standard quantity, multiplied by the standard price, is the Multiple Choice direct materials spending variance direct materials volume variance. direct materials price variance. direct materials quantity variance. Who would typically be responsible for the direct materials quantity variance? Multiple Choice O O O The production manager The purchasing manager The human resources manager The chief financial officer
The difference between the actual price and the standard price, multiplied by the actual quantity of materials purchased, is the direct materials price variance.
The difference between the actual quantity and the standard quantity, multiplied by the standard price, is the direct materials quantity variance. The production manager would typically be responsible for the direct materials quantity variance. Direct materials variance, also known as raw material variance, is the difference between actual cost and standard cost of direct materials, as well as the difference between actual quantity and standard quantity of direct materials, all of which are calculated through the direct materials budget and are therefore of importance to production and inventory management. Different types of direct material variances are: Direct Materials Quantity Variance: It's the difference between actual quantity and standard quantity of direct materials, multiplied by the standard price per unit. Direct Materials Price Variance: It's the difference between actual cost of direct materials and standard cost of direct materials, multiplied by the actual quantity of direct materials purchased.
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Which would you choose as the priority for ethical behaviour in the accounting profession: "protect the public interest" or "protect the credibility of the profession?" Explain, providing an example.
(b) Explain the affiliation between the fiduciary relationship and conflict of duties when a professional accountant provides a service to a client. Provide an example.
In the accounting profession, protecting the public interest should be prioritized over protecting the credibility of the profession. An example of this can be seen in cases of financial fraud. In such cases, if the accountant prioritizes protecting the credibility of the profession, they may attempt to cover up the fraud or hide relevant information.
This could lead to harm to the public interest as investors or other stakeholders could lose money or trust in the financial system. On the other hand, if the accountant prioritizes protecting the public interest, they would be more likely to report the fraud or unethical behavior, leading to a more transparent and honest financial system.
The fiduciary relationship is one in which the professional accountant owes a duty of loyalty, care, and good faith to their clients. In this relationship, the accountant must act in the best interests of their client and avoid conflicts of interest. A conflict of interest can arise when the accountant's personal interests or duties to another party conflict with their duty to their client.
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QUESTION 21 Bond Co. is using the target cost approach on a new product. Information gathered so far reveals: Expected annual sales 400,000 units Desired profit per unit €0.35 Target cost €168.000 What is the target selling price per unit? оооо €0.42 €0.70 €0.35 €0.77 QUESTION 22 Well Water wants to produce and sell a new flavored water. In order to penetrate the market, the product will have to sell at £2.00 per 12 oz. bottle. The following data has been collected: Annual sales 50,000 bottles Projected selling and administrative costs £8,000 Desired profit £70,000 The target cost per bottle is O £0.44. £0.60 £0.16. £0.40.
Target selling price per unit can be determined by the formula,Target Selling Price per unit = Target cost per unit + Desired profit per unit / Expected annual sales. Given that,Expected annual sales = 400,000 unitsDesired profit per unit = €0.35Target cost = €168,000 Let us calculate Target selling price per unit using the above formula.
Target Selling Price per unit = Target cost per unit + Desired profit per unit / Expected annual salesTarget Selling Price per unit = €168,000/400,000 units + €0.35Target Selling Price per unit = €0.77
Hence, the Target selling price per unit is €0.77. Answer: €0.77.QUESTION 22: Target cost per bottle can be determined by the formula,Target cost per bottle = Selling price per bottle - Desired profit per bottle - Projected selling and administrative cost per bottle. Given that,Selling price per bottle = £2.00Desired profit = £70,000Annual sales = 50,000 bottlesProjected selling and administrative costs = £8,000
Let us calculate Target cost per bottle using the above formula.Target cost per bottle = Selling price per bottle - Desired profit per bottle - Projected selling and administrative cost per bottleTarget cost per bottle = (£2.00 x 50,000) - £70,000 - £8,000/50,000 bottlesTarget cost per bottle = £100,000 - £70,000 - £0.16Target cost per bottle = £30,000/50,000Target cost per bottle = £0.60
Hence, the Target cost per bottle is £0.60. Answer: £0.60.
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douglas fur is a small manufacturer of fake-fur boots in dallas. the following table shows the company's total cost of production at various production quantities.
The table represents Douglas Fur's total cost of production at different production quantities for their fake-fur boots. This information is crucial for analyzing the cost structure and efficiency.
The total cost of production at various production quantities provides insights into the relationship between the quantity produced and the associated costs. By examining this table, Douglas Fur can evaluate economies of scale and determine the most cost-effective production level.
Typically, as production quantity increases, the total cost of production tends to rise. This is because fixed costs, such as machinery and facilities, are spread over a larger output, reducing the average fixed cost per unit. However, there may be diminishing returns beyond a certain production quantity where the marginal cost of each additional unit starts to increase.
Analyzing the table allows Douglas Fur to identify their optimal production quantity. By comparing the total cost of production at different levels, they can find the point where the cost per unit is minimized, maximizing their efficiency and profitability.
In conclusion, the table showcasing Douglas Fur's total cost of production at different production quantities is an essential tool for the company's cost analysis, efficiency assessment, and strategic decision-making processes. It provides valuable insights into the relationship between production volume and associated costs, enabling the company to optimize their operations and maximize profitability.
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How are intra-entity (or intercompany) gross profits
created?
Intra-entity or intercompany gross profits are created when one entity within a company sells goods or services to another entity within the same company.
These transactions involve the buying and selling of goods or services between the entities. When one entity sells goods or services to another entity within the same group, it recognizes revenue for the sale, and the buying entity recognizes the cost of goods sold. The difference between the selling price and the cost of goods sold represents the gross profit for the selling entity. For example, let's consider a scenario where Parent Company owns 100% of Subsidiary Company.
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What is the present value of a 5-year annuity of $4,800 with the first payment to be received 3 years from now; i = 6%. (Round answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275.) Present value $ $ What will be your annual payment if you take now a loan of $134,000 with annual equal repayments over the next 9 years?i= 6%. Annual payment $ $ 20567.19 You take out a loan in the amount of $232,000 with annual equal repayments over the next 20 years. What is the balance of the loan after the 5th payment?i= 6%. Balance of the loan $
1. The present value of a 5-year annuity of $4,800 with the first payment to be received 3 years from now, at an interest rate of 6%, is $20,417.
To calculate the present value of the annuity, we use the formula PV = PMT [tex]\frac{{1 - (1 + r)^{-n}}}{{r}}[/tex], where PMT is the annuity payment, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods.
Present value of a 5-year annuity:
Given: PMT = $4,800, n = 5 years, r = 6%
Using the formula PV =[tex]\frac{{1 - (1 + r)^{-n}}}{{r}}[/tex]
PV = [tex]$4,800 \times \left[\frac{{1 - (1 + 0.06)^{-5}}}{{0.06}}\right][/tex]
PV ≈ $20,417
2. If you take a loan of $134,000 with annual equal repayments over the next 9 years at an interest rate of 6%, your annual payment will be $20,567.19.
If you take a loan of $134,000 with annual equal repayments over the next 9 years at an interest rate of 6%, your annual payment will be $20,567.19.
Annual payment for a loan:
Given: PV = $134,000, n = 9 years, r = 6%
Using the formula PMT = [tex]\text{{PMT}} = \text{{PV}} \times \left(\frac{r}{{1 - (1 + r)^{-n}}}\right)[/tex]
PMT =[tex]$134,000 \times \left(\frac{0.06}{{1 - (1 + 0.06)^{-9}}}\right)[/tex]
PMT ≈ $20,567.19
3. Taking out a loan of $232,000 with annual equal repayments over the next 20 years at an interest rate of 6%, the balance of the loan after the 5th payment will be $203,785.89.
To calculate the balance of the loan after the 5th payment, we need to subtract the sum of the first five payments from the initial loan amount.
Balance of the loan after the 5th payment:
Given: PV = $232,000, n = 20 years, r = 6%
Using the loan balance formula: Loan Balance =[tex]\text{PV} \times \frac{{1 - \left(1 + r\right)^{-n}}}{{r}}[/tex]
Loan Balance = [tex]$232,000 \times \frac{{1 - \left(1 + 0.06\right)^{-20}}}{{0.06}}[/tex]
Loan Balance ≈ $203,785.89
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Two events are occurring simultaneously in the labor market for laborers who produce sports apparel. First, the government's campaign to increase the activity rate among its citizens is proving successful, and more people are going to the gym on a regular basis. Second, the sports apparel industry is known for its relatively high pay and good benefits, which are attractive to workers. a. Graph the effect of each shift separately. Label the original equilibrium wage and quantity W, and L₁, respectively. b. What needs to be true about the relative size of these shifts if workers in this labor market are to earn higher wages?
In the labor market for laborers producing sports apparel, two simultaneous events are occurring: an increase in gym activity rates due to a government campaign and the attractiveness of the sports apparel industry with its high pay and good benefits. To analyze the effects, we can graph each shift separately, identifying the original equilibrium wage and quantity as W and L₁, respectively.
a. To graph the effect of each shift separately, we need to understand how each event impacts the labor market. The increase in gym activity rates implies an increased demand for sports apparel, which will shift the demand curve for labor to the right. This shift indicates that more workers are needed, resulting in an increase in the equilibrium wage and quantity of labor (W and L₁, respectively). On the other hand, the attractiveness of the sports apparel industry to workers implies an increase in the supply of labor. This will shift the supply curve to the right, resulting in a decrease in the equilibrium wage and an increase in the equilibrium quantity of labor.
b. For workers in this labor market to earn higher wages, the shift caused by the increase in gym activity rates (demand) must be relatively larger than the shift caused by the attractiveness of the sports apparel industry (supply). If the shift in demand is larger than the shift in supply, the equilibrium wage will increase, leading to higher wages for workers. The relative size of the shifts determines the impact on wages. If the increase in demand outpaces the increase in supply, workers will benefit from higher wages due to the increased demand for labor in the sports apparel industry.
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Read the following situation prudently and answer the questions that follow: [30] Health and More (HM) was established at a sub-urban area of Kathmandu in 2018. It was established with an initial capital of Rs. 30 million with 50 staff by a team of three young entrepreneurs: Ram, Hari and Rita. Ram is a member of a traditional clothing business family. Hari and Sita are fresh MBA graduates. HM served mainly Nepali food items out of which 3 items were developed by own self. It also had a well-equipped Gym with competent trainers. The owners claim that HM is a unique concept of providing a mixture of food, health and ambience. In the initial years, its turnover was satisfactory. On an average, it served 300 customers per day both food and health lovers. Its net profit margin was around 20 percent of the sales. Its relatively lower price, natural environment and friendly services attracted the customers. The success of HM for the first year of its operation inspired the entrepreneurs to expand its branches. At the beginning of 2019, they started two new branches in other parts of the city with the same system, products and physical facilities. The COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread disruption to every sector of the society. Given the travel restrictions and lockdown imposed by the Government, the restaurants were completely shut A SHOT ON OPPO down. As such, HM was also completely closed down for around 6 months in 2020. To address the financial crisis, it laid off 80 percent of its employees. The rest 20 percent were only paid 50 percent of their basic salary. Moreover, HM was forced to ensure social distancing and proper sanitization which increased its operating expenses. Its operating incomes decreased to 25 percent of the previous incomes. Out of the 3, the one initially established was in. break even and the rests two were in heavy losses. From the end of 2021, the situation gradually improved. The government relaxed lockdown gradually. HM started selling its products online. The employees previously laid off were gradually called back. Now, HM plans to open 3 new branches in other areas inside Kathmandu valley. It believes that it can get economies of scale by doing so. The entrepreneurs collectively argue that poor institutional support is a major hindrance to fight against unexpected situations like covid 19 and develop businesses in a sustainable way.
a) How did the entrepreneurs of HM identify business opportunity? What are the other ways of exploring business opportunities?
b) Do you think the owners in the above situation are innovative entrepreneurs? Support your viewpoint.
c) Critically analyze the decision of HM to open 3 new branches.
The entrepreneurs of Health and More (HM) identified the business opportunity by providing a unique concept of mixture of food, health, and ambiance to the people of the sub-urban area of Kathmandu. They found the gap in the market and catered to the needs of the people.
The other ways of exploring business opportunities are listed below:Carry out market research to determine what consumers need and want.Exploring new technologies, trends and behaviors that are currently present in the market and determine their potential impact on businesses.
Identify the potential market segments and focus on providing goods and services to the customers.Invent a new product or service that is not available in the market currently. Yes, the owners of HM are innovative entrepreneurs. They had a unique concept of providing a mixture of food, health and ambience which was not present in the market previously.
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Question 10
"if the actual rate of unemployment equals the natural rate of unemployment, then"
A) there is an expansionary gap
B) there is a recessionary gap
C) there is a contractionary gap
D) the economy is operating on its production possibilities curve
If the actual rate of unemployment equals the natural rate of unemployment, then the economy is operating on its production possibilities curve.
The actual unemployment rate is the percentage of people in the labor force who are without work but actively seeking and willing to work at the prevailing wage rate.
When actual unemployment equals natural unemployment, the economy is at full employment. This signifies that everyone in the labor force who wants a job has one and the economy is producing as much as it can .However, a production-possibility frontier (PPF) or curve illustrates the various mixes of production that an economy can generate when all of its resources are completely utilized.
This indicates that it displays the maximum amount of two items that a company can manufacture or produce using the same amount of resources and the same technological capability. Furthermore, it indicates the maximum quantity that may be produced with the given amount of resources and technological ability.
That if the actual unemployment rate equals the natural unemployment rate, the economy is operating on its production possibilities curve.
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the practical capacity for a particular production facility is best described as
The practical capacity for a particular production facility is best described as the maximum sustainable output or maximum production level that the facility can achieve under normal operating conditions.
Practical capacity takes into account the realistic constraints and limitations of the production facility, such as available resources, equipment efficiency, and workforce capabilities. It represents the highest level of output that the facility can consistently achieve without compromising quality, safety, or incurring excessive costs.
Practical capacity considers factors such as planned maintenance downtime, scheduled breaks, and other factors that may temporarily reduce the facility's output. It is a more realistic measure compared to theoretical or ideal capacity, which assumes continuous operation without any constraints or interruptions.
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Suppose the market supply for good X is given by QXS = -100 + 5PX. If the equilibrium price of X is $80 per unit then producer surplus is
MC Qu. 014 If the interest rate is 5 percent, the present val...
If the interest rate is 5 percent, the present value of $225 received at the end of five years is:
Multiple Choice
$132.62.
$121.34.
$176.29.
$156.71.
Suppose compensation is given by W = 512,000 + 217π + 10.08S, where W = total compensation of the CEO, π = company profits (in millions) = $100, and S = sales (in millions) = $400. How much will this CEO be compensated?
Given that the market supply for good X is given by QXS = -100 + 5PX and the equilibrium price of X is $80 per unit. What is producer surplus? Producer surplus is the excess of the amount the producer is willing to supply the product for and the price at which they sell it.
The producer surplus can be computed as; PS = (PX – MC) * QXS Where; PX is the equilibrium price of X. MC is the marginal cost QXS is the quantity supplied at equilibrium price Using the formula above, The equation for QXS is given as follows; QXS = -100 + 5PXSubstitute PX = $80 into the equation above; QXS = -100 + 5(80)QXS = -100 + 400QXS = 300units.
Hence, QXS is 300unitsThe marginal cost is assumed to be constant and equal to the equilibrium price. PX = MC = $80Substitute the value of PX and QXS in the formula for PS;PS = (PX – MC) * QXS = ($80 – $80) * 300= $0 * 300= $0Therefore, the producer surplus is $0. Answer: $0.
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Members of society in the United States feel businesses are obligated to Warn customers how to avoid product injury, even it it's common sense. O Manufacture products that are free of risk and harm O Anticipate consumer misuse of products and provide due diligence All of the above
In the United States, members of society feel that businesses are obliged to warn customers about how to avoid product injury even if it is common sense. They also believe that manufacturers should create products that are risk and harm-free.
In addition, businesses should anticipate consumer misuse of products and provide due diligence. Society is concerned about the safety of their lives and property, which is why they feel that businesses should warn customers about how to avoid product injury even if it's common sense. This is especially important for products that have the potential to harm or even kill people. Manufacturers should create products that are risk and harm-free. They should ensure that their products are safe to use and don't cause any harm to the customers who purchase them. Additionally, businesses should anticipate consumer misuse of products and provide due diligence. Due diligence is the process of taking reasonable steps to ensure that products are safe for consumers to use. It's a crucial part of ensuring customer satisfaction and safety.
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which of the following is a fiduciary fund? group of answer choices debt service fund. enterprise fund. capital projects fund. pension trust fund. permanent fund.
Pension trust fund is a fiduciary fund. The correct answer is option d.
A fiduciary fund is a type of fund in governmental accounting that is used to account for assets held in a trustee capacity. Fiduciary funds are used when the government is acting as a trustee or agent, holding resources on behalf of others.
A pension trust fund specifically is a type of fiduciary fund that is used to account for the assets of a pension plan or retirement system. These funds are used to hold and manage the contributions made by employers and employees, as well as the investment earnings on those contributions, to provide retirement benefits to employees.
The correct answer is option d.
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Complete question
which of the following is a fiduciary fund? group of answer choices
a. debt service fund.
b. enterprise fund.
c. capital projects fund.
d. pension trust fund.
e. permanent fund.
11. (2.5 points) What type of unemployment (cyclical, frictional, or structural) applies to each of the following? a. A pocket watch repairer who loses their job because there are no more pocket watch
The type of unemployment that applies to a pocket watch repairer who loses their job because there are no more pocket watch is structural unemployment.
There are three main types of unemployment namely frictional, structural and cyclical. Frictional unemployment happens when a person is in between jobs or transitioning from one job to another. This type of unemployment is normally short-term in nature.Structural unemployment happens when there is a mismatch between the skills that workers have and the skills that employers are looking for.
This type of unemployment tends to be long-term as it is due to changes in the economy or in technology.Cyclical unemployment occurs when there is a decline in the demand for goods and services leading to a reduction in production which in turn leads to job losses. This type of unemployment is normally short-term in nature. In the given situation, a pocket watch repairer lost their job because there are no more pocket watch. This indicates that the type of unemployment that applies in this situation is structural unemployment. Structural unemployment arises when a particular type of job or an entire industry has disappeared, making it hard for workers to find new jobs. This type of unemployment is long-term in nature.
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In 2013 and 2014, a federal judge ruled that Apple colluded with five major U.S. publishers to drive up the prices of e-books (which could be read on Apple’s iPad). Apple collects a 30% commission on the price of a book from the publisher. Why would Apple want to help publishers raise their price? Given Apple’s commission, what price would a book cartel want to set? (Hint: The marginal cost of an e-book is virtually zero.)
In 2013 and 2014, a federal judge ruled that Apple colluded with five major U.S. publishers to increase the prices of e-books that could be read on Apple's iPad.
Apple, which collects a 30% commission on the price of a book from the publisher, helped publishers to increase their prices. It may seem strange for Apple to collude with publishers to increase the price of e-books, but it is easy to see why Apple did it. Apple realized that by helping publishers to increase the price of e-books, it would benefit from higher profits from its commission. The price that a book cartel would want to set is the point at which the marginal cost of producing an e-book equals the marginal revenue obtained from selling the e-book.
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