By pooling the risks and spreading the costs across the population, full insurance can lead to a more equitable outcome and potentially higher overall welfare.
a. To determine the actuarially fair premium for each type of policy, we need to calculate the expected costs for the insurance company for both smokers and nonsmokers under each policy.
For the low deductible policy (L):
Joe, a smoker, has a 12% chance of needing medical attention, so the expected cost for the insurance company is 0.12 * $10,000 = $1,200.
Tanya, a nonsmoker, has a 2% chance of needing medical attention, so the expected cost is 0.02 * $10,000 = $200.
For the high deductible policy (H):
Joe's expected cost is 0.12 * ($10,000 - $8,000) = $240.
Tanya's expected cost is 0.02 * ($10,000 - $8,000) = $40.
The actuarially fair premium is the expected cost for the insurance company, so:
For the low deductible policy: Joe's premium should be $1,200, and Tanya's premium should be $200.
For the high deductible policy: Joe's premium should be $240, and Tanya's premium should be $40.
b. If the insurance company charges actuarially fair prices and Joe and Tanya are rational, Joe would choose the low deductible policy because his expected cost under that policy ($1,200) is lower than his expected cost under the high deductible policy ($240). Tanya, on the other hand, would choose the high deductible policy because her expected cost under that policy ($40) is lower than her expected cost under the low deductible policy ($200).
c. In this scenario, where the insurer cannot determine who smokes and who doesn't, Joe and Tanya will choose the policy that provides them with the highest expected utility given the prices. Let's calculate their expected utilities under each policy:
For Joe:
Under the low deductible policy: Expected utility = 0.88 * U($15,000 - $1,200) + 0.12 * U($15,000 - $3,000).
Under the high deductible policy: Expected utility = 0.88 * U($15,000 - $240) + 0.12 * U($15,000 - $8,000).
For Tanya:
Under the low deductible policy: Expected utility = 0.98 * U($15,000 - $200) + 0.02 * U($15,000 - $3,000).
Under the high deductible policy: Expected utility = 0.98 * U($15,000 - $40) + 0.02 * U($15,000 - $8,000).
By comparing the expected utilities under each policy, Joe and Tanya will choose the policy that maximizes their expected utility.
d. In this situation, adverse selection occurs because Joe, being a smoker, has a higher probability of needing medical attention compared to Tanya, a nonsmoker. This leads to different expected costs and preferences for each policy. The second policy option of high deductibles helps separate the individuals based on their risk profiles, as Joe is more likely to opt for the low deductible policy due to his higher expected costs, while Tanya is more likely to choose the high deductible policy with lower expected costs.
e. If the government were to provide full insurance at a single price and charge everyone the same actuarially fair amount, the total social utility would likely be higher than in part c. This is because full insurance would eliminate the adverse selection problem, allowing both Joe and Tanya to choose the policy that maximizes their expected utility without being constrained by differing risk profiles.
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Organizational memory refers to: O a. its storage and preservation of intellectual capital. O b. O c. O d. O e. its ability to hire more people with good memorization skills. its ability to conduct memorable work. its ability to unlearn knowledge. its level of current knowledge so it can bring in new knowledge from the environment.
Organizational memory refers to its storage and preservation of intellectual capital. A long-term focus on knowledge management can help organizations develop robust organizational memory, which can provide an advantage in an ever-changing business landscape.
Organizational memory refers to an organization's ability to preserve and store intellectual capital. It includes the ability of an organization to recall and utilize knowledge and experiences from the past, as well as the ability to learn from these experiences to benefit future operations and activities.
An organization's ability to remember and utilize past information and experiences is critical to its success in the future. A long-term focus on knowledge management can help organizations develop robust organizational memory, which can provide an advantage in an ever-changing business landscape.
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You believe that your boss insulted you and placed you in a bad light in the eyes of your peers. You are angry. Is this constructive or destructive conflict? Which strategy will be most effective in creating a positive outcome from this situation?
If your boss insulted you and placed you in a bad light in the eyes of your peers, it is considered destructive conflict. This kind of conflict is harmful and leads to negative outcomes for all parties involved. It can lead to a breakdown in communication and productivity in the workplace.
To create a positive outcome from this situation, you can use a conflict resolution strategy that focuses on collaboration and finding a mutually beneficial solution. The most effective strategy to use in this case is the integrative or win-win strategy. This strategy involves finding a solution that meets both parties’ needs and interests. To use this strategy, you need to communicate with your boss and express how their actions have made you feel. Listen actively to your boss's response and try to understand their perspective. Then, work together to find a solution that satisfies both of your needs and interests.
Overall, using a collaborative conflict resolution strategy like the integrative approach can help create a positive outcome from a destructive conflict situation.
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review gerson, inc.'s information in the exhibits. determine the amounts that should be reported on gerson, inc.'s 2022 federal income tax return. for each item, enter the appropriate amounts in the associated cells. enter all amounts as positive values. if the amount is zero, enter a zero (0). reportable items amount
1. determine the tax depreciation under the modified accelerated cost recovery system (macrs) for the equipment and the building placed into service in 2022. assume no bonus depreciation is taken. gerson, inc., did not use the alternative depreciation system (ads) or a straight-line method of depreciation. no election was made to expense part of the cost of the property.
2. what amount can gerson deduct for taxes and fines paid? $90,000
3. assuming gerson meets all of the qualifications to report it, what amount of dividends-received deduction (drd) is allowed? $75,000
4. determine gerson's allowable deduction for charitable contributions. $30,000
5. what amount of interest income is taxable
Income tax is a tax imposed by the government on individuals, businesses, and other entities based on their income or profits. It is one of the primary sources of revenue for governments and is used to fund public services and programs.
1. Tax Depreciation under MACRS: To determine the tax depreciation under MACRS for the equipment and building placed into service in 2022, you would need information such as the cost, recovery period, and depreciation method for each asset. MACRS provides different recovery periods and depreciation methods for different types of assets. The depreciation expense is typically calculated using the applicable depreciation method and recovery period specified by the IRS.
2. Taxes and Fines Deduction: Generally, taxes and fines paid by a business may be deductible as ordinary and necessary business expenses. If Gerson, Inc. paid $90,000 in taxes and fines, that amount can be deducted on its federal income tax return as long as it meets the criteria for deductibility.
3. Dividends-Received Deduction (DRD): The dividends-received deduction (DRD) allows corporations to deduct a portion of the dividends received from other corporations. The deduction amount is based on the type and percentage of ownership of the distributing corporation. If Gerson, Inc. meets all the qualifications to report the DRD, it can deduct $75,000 as a dividends-received deduction.
4. Charitable Contributions Deduction: Businesses can generally deduct charitable contributions made to qualified organizations, subject to certain limitations. If Gerson, Inc. made $30,000 in charitable contributions to qualified organizations, it can deduct that amount as a charitable contributions deduction on its federal income tax return.
5. Taxable Interest Income: The amount of interest income that is taxable depends on various factors, including the type of interest received, the taxpayer's filing status, and other income sources. Gerson, Inc. would need to determine the specific interest income it received and consult the relevant tax regulations to determine the taxable portion.
These are general guidelines, and it's important to consult a tax professional or refer to the IRS publications for accurate and personalized advice based on your specific circumstances.
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Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) and MacDonalds are good examples of companies that engage in international franchising arrangements. Discuss why the KFC franchise in Ghana is such a great idea for the parent firm KFC in the United States of America.
KFC, a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, is one of the world's largest fast-food chains, with over 23,000 locations in 140 countries. Ghana's KFC franchise is a perfect example of why international franchising arrangements can be beneficial to both parties involved in the transaction.
KFC and McDonald's are among the most well-known companies that participate in international franchising agreements.
The reasons for international franchising are numerous, but they all revolve around expanding a company's market reach, increasing its brand awareness, and allowing local investors to capitalize on their experience. McDonald's and KFC are excellent examples of how these strategies can be put into action.
Why is the KFC franchise in Ghana a good idea for the parent firm KFC in the United States of America?
The answer lies in a few different aspects:
1. Established brand reputation: KFC is a well-known brand in the United States of America, and its reputation for delicious fried chicken precedes it. As a result, Ghanaian consumers are familiar with KFC's brand image, which will help the franchise establish itself in a new market.
2. Entry into a new market: The KFC franchise in Ghana enables the parent company to gain entry into a market that would otherwise be difficult to break into. KFC Ghana's franchisees have a better understanding of the local market than their American counterparts, which makes it easier to create a product that appeals to Ghanaian consumers.
3. Profitability: International franchising agreements are an excellent way to expand a company's revenue stream. The parent company retains control over its brand image, while local franchisees are responsible for operating and promoting the business. The franchisee pays the franchisor for the right to use the brand, and the parent company receives a portion of the franchisee's profits. This provides a stable and predictable income stream for the franchisor while also allowing the franchisee to benefit from the company's global reputation.
4. Franchisee investment: International franchising is beneficial for local franchisees, as they have access to established brand names, operating systems, and procedures that have already been proven successful. This helps to lower the risk of failure and lowers the barriers to entry, allowing for increased entrepreneurship and innovation. It also helps to attract foreign investment, which can contribute to the economic development of the host country.
In summary, international franchising is a fantastic way for companies to expand their market reach while increasing brand awareness. KFC's success in Ghana is a perfect example of why international franchising can be so beneficial. The combination of a well-known brand name, entry into a new market, profitability, and franchisee investment has made KFC's Ghanaian franchise a success, both for the franchisor and franchisee.
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what loan provision requires a borrower to pay off the entire loan when the property is sold?
The loan provision that requires a borrower to pay off the entire loan when the property is sold is the due-on-sale clause.
A due-on-sale clause, also known as an acceleration clause, is a mortgage clause that demands that the entire outstanding balance be repaid when a mortgaged property is sold or transferred. The due-on-sale clause is a provision in a mortgage agreement that requires the borrower to repay the loan in full when the home is sold or transferred to another owner.
The bank or lender is given the right to claim the entire loan balance immediately due if the borrower transfers ownership of the property to someone else. The due-on-sale clause is added to a mortgage agreement to protect the lender's interests in the event of a transfer of ownership.
By enforcing the due-on-sale clause, lenders can ensure that the loan remains secured by the property and that the new owner meets the lender's creditworthiness criteria. This provision helps lenders manage their risks and maintain control over the terms of the loan.
It's important for borrowers to be aware of the due-on-sale clause when entering into a mortgage agreement, as selling the property without satisfying the loan obligations may trigger the lender's right to accelerate the loan and demand full repayment
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1. A new company started on October 1, 2017. It's name is Enjoy Haggis, Inc. 2. Co. sold 1,000 shares of common stock for $50,000 on October 1. 3. Co. borrowed $90,000 from the bank on October 2. The terms are 5% payable semi-annually with the principal due in full five years out. 4. On October 4 this co bought trucks for $90,000 with $10,000 down and the balance due with interest at 6% payable semiannually, plus a principal payment of $5,000 every 6 months. 5. On October 5, the company purchased equipment for $70,000. The terms are 8% interest payable every 6 months and the principal balance due in total in three years. 6. On October 6, the company signed a contract for product sales totaling $70,000 over the next 8 months. 7. Oct 6 -- Supplies of $3,000 were purchased on account. 8. Oct 7 - Liability Insurance for the next 12 months, was acquired for $5,000 on account. 9. Oct 7-signed a contract with a major supplier totaling $35,000 covering the next 8 months. 10. Oct 8 - Inventory costing $40,000 was purchased on account and received by Oct 14. 11. Cash sales -- $10,000 products, $20,000 services 12. Credit sales -- $30,000 products, $30,000 services 13. Cost of goods sold was estimated at 50% of selling price 14. $3,000 rent paid for 6 months 15. Payroll - Gross $2,500, $300 deducted from payroll, $2,200 net paid 16. Utilities of $286 were incurred. $100 was paid currently, the balance is due next month 17. Also incurred $7,500 utilities not due until next month 18. Supplies - used $2,000 and paid $500 for additional supplies 19. Vehicle expenses of $914, incurred but not paid 20. Repairs of $914 incurred and not paid 21. Attorney fees of $5,000 due and unpaid 22. Collected $ 4,300 on accounts receivable 23. Paid $3,598 on accounts payable YEAR END ADJUSTING ENTRIES Whenever accountants are preparing financial statements, they need to be sure all the information needed has been captured. The regular books do not capture everything during the year. Some pieces of information need to be computed at the end of the year. For this company, the following additional information was found. 1. While doing the bank reconciliation, it was discovered that the bank had charged fees of $150 that were not on the accounting books. 2. A discussion with the credit department revealed that one customer had gone bankrupt owing the company $700 and that there was no prospect of recovery. 3. Management estimates that 3.5% of the accounts receivable balance will not be collected. 4. Depreciation needs to be recorded. See the information on the Transactions list and use the Depreciation page in this excel workbook. 5. A count was made of the supplies on hand. The total on hand amounted to $1,450. 6. The employer's share of the payroll taxes in the amount of $200 had not been recorded. 7. The water bill of $750 had not been recorded. 8. The tax department computed the income tax expense to be $150,000 (all current liability and no deferred taxes). 9. Rent had been paid for parts of both years. The expense for this year has not been recorded as an expense. 10. Interest expense on the loans needs to be accrued. See the information in Transactions and the separate page for Interest in the Excel workbook 11. Insurance had been paid, but the portion applicable to his year has not been expensed.
To prepare the adjusting entries for Enjoy Haggis, Inc., based on the additional information provided, we need to consider the following adjustments:
Adjusting Entry 1:
Account: Bank Fees Expense
Debit: $150
Credit: Bank
Explanation: Record the bank fees charged by the bank that were not previously recorded.
Adjusting Entry 2:
Account: Bad Debt Expense
Debit: $700
Credit: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Explanation: Write off the accounts receivable balance of the bankrupt customer as there is no prospect of recovery.
Adjusting Entry 3:
Account: Bad Debt Expense
Debit: (3.5% of Accounts Receivable)
Credit: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Explanation: Estimate and record the amount of uncollectible accounts based on the management's estimate of 3.5% of the accounts receivable balance.
Adjusting Entry 4:
Account: Depreciation Expense
Debit: (Depreciation amount)
Credit: Accumulated Depreciation
Explanation: Record depreciation expense for the year based on the depreciation method and rates provided.
Adjusting Entry 5:
Account: Supplies Expense
Debit: (Supplies on Hand)
Credit: Supplies
Explanation: Adjust supplies expense based on the count of supplies on hand.
Adjusting Entry 6:
Account: Payroll Taxes Expense
Debit: $200
Credit: Payroll Taxes Payable
Explanation: Record the employer's share of payroll taxes that were not previously recorded.
Adjusting Entry 7:
Account: Utilities Expense
Debit: $750
Credit: Utilities Payable
Explanation: Record the water bill expense that was not previously recorded.
Adjusting Entry 8:
Account: Income Tax Expense
Debit: $150,000
Credit: Income Taxes Payable
Explanation: Record the income tax expense for the year based on the tax department's computation.
Adjusting Entry 9:
Account: Rent Expense
Debit: (Unrecorded portion of rent)
Credit: Prepaid Rent
Explanation: Record the portion of rent expense applicable to the current year that was not previously recorded.
Adjusting Entry 10:
Account: Interest Expense
Debit: (Accrued interest amount)
Credit: Interest Payable
Explanation: Accrue the interest expense on the loans based on the information provided.
These adjusting entries are necessary to ensure that all relevant expenses, revenues, and liabilities are properly recorded for the year-end financial statements.
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The following figure shows the demand curve, the marginal revenue (MR), marginal cost curve (MC) and the average total cost curve (ATC) of a monopolist. Price/Cost (S) ATC 00 8 7 6 5 st \MC 3 2 Demand MR 1 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 Quantity (units) Refer to the figure above. a) What is the profit-maximizing quantity for the monopolist? b) What is the profit-maximizing price for the monopolist? c) When the monopolist is free to set the price what is his profit/loss
a)The profit-maximizing quantity for the monopolist is 400 units. This can be determined by identifying the point where marginal cost (MC) is equal to marginal revenue (MR), which is the profit-maximizing condition for a monopolist. At 400 units, MC and MR intersect, as shown in the graph.
b) The profit-maximizing price for the monopolist is $6 per unit. This can be found by drawing a line vertically up from the intersection point between MC and MR and then horizontally across to the demand curve. At this point, the price is $6 per unit.
c)When the monopolist is free to set the price, he will set it at the point where demand is equal to marginal cost (MC) because this is the profit-maximizing point. At this point, the price is $3 per unit, which is less than the profit-maximizing price of $6 per unit. Therefore, the monopolist will make a loss of $3 per unit. The total loss can be found by multiplying the loss per unit ($3) by the profit-maximizing quantity (400 units), which gives a total loss of $1,200.
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An investment is expected to produce the following annual year-end cash flows:
Year 1 $5,000 Year 4 $5,000
Year 2 $1,000 Year 5 $6,000
Year 3 $0 Year 6 $863.65
The investment will cost $13,000 today.
a. Will this investment be profitable?
b. What will be the IRR (compounded annually) on this investment?
c. How much of each year's cash flow is the recovery of the $13,000 investment and how much of the cash flow is return on investment.
a. To determine if the investment will be profitable, we need to calculate the total cash inflows and compare them to the initial cost. Summing up the cash flows, we have:
$5,000 + $1,000 + $0 + $5,000 + $6,000 + $863.65 = $17,863.65
Since the total cash inflows of $17,863.65 are greater than the initial cost of $13,000, the investment is expected to be profitable.
b. To calculate the internal rate of return (IRR), we need to find the discount rate that makes the present value of the cash flows equal to the initial cost. Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, we can calculate that the IRR is approximately 10.68% (compounded annually).
c. To determine the recovery of the $13,000 investment and the return on investment for each year, we can subtract the initial cost from each year's cash flow. The breakdown is as follows:
Year 1: $5,000 - $13,000 = -$8,000 (recovery of investment)
Year 2: $1,000 - $13,000 = -$12,000 (recovery of investment)
Year 3: $0 - $13,000 = -$13,000 (recovery of investment)
Year 4: $5,000 - $13,000 = -$8,000 (recovery of investment)
Year 5: $6,000 - $13,000 = -$7,000 (recovery of investment)
Year 6: $863.65 - $13,000 = -$12,136.35 (recovery of investment)
As we can see, in each year the cash flow is entirely used to recover the initial investment and there is no positive return on investment.
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Which of the following components is appropriate in a practitioner’s report on the results of applying agreed-upon procedures?
A statement that management is responsible for expressing an opinion.
A list of the procedures performed, as agreed to by the specified parties identified in the report.
A statement that the report is unrestricted in its use.
A title that includes the phrase "independent audit"
A report on the outcome of agreed-upon procedures can take any shape or form that is appropriate for the intended users, but it will usually include the following elements: Introduction:
A brief overview of the procedures performed is provided, as well as the identification of the party requesting the procedures. A list of the procedures that were carried out: As agreed upon by the specified parties identified in the report, the report will include a summary of the procedures that were performed.
A comprehensive summary of the results obtained during the agreed-upon procedures is provided. The findings will be provided in compliance with the terms of the engagement or contract. A statement about the restrictions on the use of the report: If the report is restricted in any way, a statement will be provided to that effect.
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Please circle on the most right answer to fulfill the blank or to answer the flowing questions
11. Five best practices of exemplary leadership developed by Kouzes and Posner exclude:
A. Challenge the process B. Model the way C. Self-awareness D. Encourage the heart
Five best practices of exemplary leadership developed by Kouzes and Posner exclude (C) Self-awareness
Self-awareness, although not explicitly mentioned in their five practices, is still considered a crucial aspect of effective leadership. It involves understanding one's strengths, weaknesses, values, and impact on others. Self-awareness enables leaders to make informed decisions, adapt their approach to different situations, and build meaningful relationships with their team members. While not explicitly included as a standalone practice, self-awareness underlies the successful execution of the other practices by helping leaders navigate their own emotions, biases, and personal growth.
Kouzes and Posner's five best practices of exemplary leadership, as outlined in their book "The Leadership Challenge," are:
Model the way: Leaders set an example by demonstrating values and behavior that align with the shared vision.Inspire a shared vision: Leaders create and communicate a compelling vision that motivates and inspires others.Challenge the process: Leaders encourage innovation and risk-taking, continuously seeking opportunities for improvement.Enable others to act: Leaders foster collaboration and empower others to take initiative and make decisions.Encourage the heart: Leaders recognize and celebrate the contributions of individuals, providing support and appreciation.Learn more about Kouzes and Posner here:
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Economists often look at retail sales data to gauge the state of the economy. The accompanying table shows a portion of seasonally adjusted monthly nominal retail sales for 2019, measured in $ millions. Also included in the table is the corresponding producer price index (PPI).
Month Sales PPI
January 444247 194.3
February 444305 195.4
March 438070 197.4
April 451447 199.2
May 453032 199.1
June 453150 197.0
July 457179 197.5
August 459267 196.4
September 458897 195.9
October 459486 196.6
November 461186 196.5
December 460672 196.4
a. How many times were nominal sales below that of the previous month? (Pick a number between 1 and 11.)
b-1. Use the PPI to compute sales in real terms. (Round your answers to the nearest whole number.)
b-2. How many times were real sales below that of the previous month? (Pick a number between 1 and 11.)
c. Compute the percentage increase in nominal as well as real retail sales in 2019 (January to December). (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
Answer:
a. The number of times nominal sales were below that of the previous month: 7 times.
b-2. The number of times real sales were below that of the previous month: 5 times.
c. Percentage increase in nominal retail sales in 2019: 3.70%
Percentage increase in real retail sales in 2019: 2.67%
Explanation:
a. The number of times nominal sales were below that of the previous month:
In the given table, we can observe the changes in nominal sales from month to month. By comparing each month's sales with the previous month's sales, we can determine how many times the nominal sales were below the previous month's level.
Counting the number of times the nominal sales were below the previous month's level in the table, we find that it occurred 7 times.
b-1. Computing sales in real terms using the PPI:
To compute sales in real terms, we need to adjust the nominal sales for changes in the price level. We can do this by dividing the nominal sales by the PPI and then multiplying by 100.
Real sales (January to December):
January: (444,247 / 194.3) * 100 = 228,412
February: (444,305 / 195.4) * 100 = 227,036
March: (438,070 / 197.4) * 100 = 221,855
April: (451,447 / 199.2) * 100 = 226,765
May: (453,032 / 199.1) * 100 = 227,852
June: (453,150 / 197.0) * 100 = 229,994
July: (457,179 / 197.5) * 100 = 231,536
August: (459,267 / 196.4) * 100 = 233,950
September: (458,897 / 195.9) * 100 = 234,368
October: (459,486 / 196.6) * 100 = 233,737
November: (461,186 / 196.5) * 100 = 234,677
December: (460,672 / 196.4) * 100 = 234,522
b-2. The number of times real sales were below that of the previous month:
Similar to part a, we compare each month's real sales with the real sales of the previous month to determine how many times real sales were below the previous month's level.
Counting the number of times real sales were below the previous month's level in the table, we find that it occurred 5 times.
c. Percentage increase in nominal and real retail sales in 2019:
To compute the percentage increase, we compare the sales in January to the sales in December.
Percentage increase in nominal retail sales: ((December - January) / January) * 100
Percentage increase in nominal retail sales: ((460,672 - 444,247) / 444,247) * 100 = 3.70%
Percentage increase in real retail sales: ((Real sales in December - Real sales in January) / Real sales in January) * 100
Percentage increase in real retail sales: ((234,522 - 228,412) / 228,412) * 100 = 2.67%
Therefore:
a. The number of times nominal sales were below that of the previous month: 7 times.
b-2. The number of times real sales were below that of the previous month: 5 times.
c. Percentage increase in nominal retail sales in 2019: 3.70%
Percentage increase in real retail sales in 2019: 2.67%
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19. (Comprehensive problem) Over the past few
years, Microsoft founder Bill Gates' net worth has fluctuated
between $20 billion and $130 billion. In early 2006, it was
about $26
If the "current natives" seek a 4 percent yearly return on the initial purchase price of $24, Bill must pay $395.52 for Manhattan Island 387 years later.
The calculation is as follows:
Calculation of the cost of Manhattan Island for Bill -
The initial cost was $24
Return on investment purchase price - 4% yearly return
Duration: 387 years
Simple interest calculation: The total amount due is equal to $24 multiplied by (1 + 4 100 387).
FV - Final value is used here.
P is the primary sum.
yearly interest rate is r.
time in years, t = $395.52
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October, Pine Company reports 18.600 de kunde hours awed for the work done is 22.200 hours. The pred 79 d Compute the total Total Overd Variance S In October, Pine Company reports 18,600 actual direct labor hours, and it incurs $126.540 of manufacturing overhead costs. Standard hours allowed for the work done is 22.200 hours. The predetermined overhead rate is $5.75 per direct labor hour. Compute the total overhead variance. Total Overhead Variance $
Here is how to calculate the total overhead variance: Total Overhead Variance = Actual Manufacturing Overhead -
Applied Manufacturing Overhead We need to compute the actual and applied manufacturing overhead before we can calculate the total overhead variance. Actual Manufacturing Overhead= $126,540Applied Manufacturing Overhead= Actual Direct Labor Hours x Predetermined Overhead Rate Applied Manufacturing Overhead= 18,600 x $5.75Applied Manufacturing Overhead= $107,100Now, let’s calculate the Total Overhead Variance using the formula. Total Overhead Variance = Actual Manufacturing Overhead - Applied Manufacturing Overhead Total Overhead Variance = $126,540 - $107,100Total Overhead Variance = $19,440Therefore, the Total Overhead Variance is $19,440.
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According to Chase, the optimal method of organizing a given economic transaction:
A) is allowing third parties to be involved when negotiating costs of labor are high
B) allows firms to minimize their tax burdens
C) may or may not be viewed as permanent commitment for resources
D) is the one that minimizes contracting costs to a firm
E) none of the above
According to Chase, the optimal method of organizing a given economic transaction is D) the one that minimizes contracting costs to a firm. This means that the ideal arrangement for conducting a transaction is the one that reduces the costs and complexities associated with formal agreements and contracts between parties. The other options, such as involving third parties in labor negotiations, minimizing tax burdens, or being a permanent commitment for resources, do not align with Chase's perspective.
Chase's viewpoint suggests that the optimal organization of an economic transaction is the one that minimizes contracting costs for a firm. Contracting costs refer to the expenses and challenges associated with establishing, implementing, and enforcing formal agreements between parties. By minimizing these costs, firms can streamline their operations, reduce complexities, and improve efficiency.
Option A, which proposes involving third parties in labor negotiations when labor costs are high, does not directly address the concept of contracting costs. While third parties may assist in negotiations, Chase's focus is on minimizing the costs related to formal contracts, not labor negotiations specifically.
Option B, suggesting that the optimal organization allows firms to minimize their tax burdens, is unrelated to the concept of contracting costs. While tax minimization can be a desirable goal for firms, it does not directly address the organization of economic transactions or the costs associated with formal agreements.
Option C, stating that the optimal organization may or may not be viewed as a permanent commitment for resources, does not directly address the concept of contracting costs either. Chase's perspective focuses on minimizing costs related to formal contracts, regardless of whether the arrangement is viewed as temporary or permanent.
In conclusion, according to Chase, the optimal organization of an economic transaction is the one that minimizes contracting costs for a firm. This approach prioritizes reducing complexities and expenses associated with formal agreements, contracts, and their enforcement. Therefore, the correct answer is D) the one that minimizes contracting costs to a firm.
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4. Consider total cost and total revenue given in
the following table:
Quantity 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Total cost $8 9 10 11 13 19 27 37
Total revenue $0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56
a. Calculate profit for each quantity. How much
should the firm produce to maximize profit?
b. Calculate marginal revenue and marginal
cost for each quantity. Graph them. (Hint:
Put the points between whole numbers. For
example, the marginal cost between 2 and 3
should be graphed at 21/2.) At what quantity
do these curves cross? How does this relate
to your answer to part (a)?
c. Can you tell whether this firm is in a
competitive industry? If so, can you tell
whether the industry is in a long-run
equilibrium?
Profit is maximized at 6 units. Since the firm is facing a downward-sloping demand curve and is not a price-taker, we cannot tell if it is in a competitive industry.
a. Calculation of profit for each quantity is shown in the table below: Quantity 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Total cost $8 9 10 11 13 19 27 37Total revenue $0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56Profit −$8 −1 6 13 19 21 21 19From the above table, we see that profit is maximized at 6 units. b. Calculation of marginal cost and marginal revenue for each quantity is shown in the table below: Quantity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Marginal Cost $1 $1 $1 $2 $6 $8 $10Marginal Revenue $8 $8 $8 $8 $8 $8 $8The marginal cost and marginal revenue are graphed below. The curves cross at 4 units. This point is where the firm should produce to maximize profit. The graphs intersect at 4 units, which agrees with our answer to part (a).c. Since the firm is facing a downward-sloping demand curve and is not a price-taker, we cannot tell if it is in a competitive industry. Since we do not have information about other firms in the industry, we cannot say whether the industry is in long-run equilibrium.
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Suppose a bank has $200,000 in deposits and a required reserve ratio of 20 percent. Then required reserves are:
$20,000.
$40,000.
$80,000.
$200,000.
The required reserves for a bank with $200,000 in deposits and a required reserve ratio of 20 percent amount to $40,000.
The correct option is $40,000.
The required reserve ratio is the percentage of a bank's deposits that it must hold as reserves, which cannot be lent out or invested. In this case, the bank has $200,000 in deposits, and the required reserve ratio is 20 percent. To calculate the required reserves, we multiply the deposits by the reserve ratio.
Required Reserves = Deposits × Reserve Ratio
= $200,000 × 0.20
= $40,000
Therefore, the required reserves for this bank amount to $40,000. This means that the bank must hold $40,000 in reserves, and it can lend out the remaining portion of the deposits to borrowers or invest in other assets. It is important for banks to maintain required reserves to ensure stability and meet potential customer withdrawals.
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Which of the following is NOT a step to increase the accuracy of self-reported data?
a. Conduct a pilot study
b. Employ multiple methods
c. Use experimental groups only
d. Use multiple measures
The step which is NOT a step to increase the accuracy of self-reported data is to use experimental groups only. Option c is correct.
Self-reported data is information collected directly from participants. It is usually collected using questionnaires, surveys, or interviews. Respondents' answers are based on their perceptions, thoughts, and feelings. This data is critical for many areas of research, including psychology, social science, and health research.
Among the steps that can increase the accuracy of self-reported data is:
Conducting a pilot study: A pilot study may be used to examine whether the questions are properly worded and understood by the subjects. Employing multiple methods: Obtaining self-reported data from multiple sources reduces the likelihood of a single respondent's opinion bias. Use multiple measures: Self-report measures can be enhanced by incorporating several methods of inquiry (for example, interviews, questionnaires, and behavioral observation).The correct answer, therefore, is c) Use experimental groups only as it does not increase the accuracy of self-reported data.
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National Electric Company (NEC) is considering a $22 million
expansion project. The project’s expected after-tax cash flows will
be $4 million, in perpetuity. The company can issue either equity
or
The company can issue either equity or debt to finance the expansion project.
Let's analyze the financial implications of issuing equity or debt for NEC.
Issuing Equity:
If NEC decides to issue equity, it means they will sell shares of their company to raise funds. Let's assume that the cost of equity for NEC is 10%. Since the cash flows from the project are expected to be $4 million in perpetuity, we can use the perpetuity formula to calculate the present value (PV) of these cash flows:
PV of perpetuity = Cash flow / Cost of equity
PV of perpetuity = $4 million / 10% = $40 million
Therefore, by issuing equity, NEC will need to sell shares worth $40 million to generate $22 million for the expansion project. This means NEC will retain ownership but dilute the ownership stake of existing shareholders.
Issuing Debt:
Alternatively, NEC can finance the expansion project by issuing debt, which means borrowing money. Let's assume the cost of debt for NEC is 8%. By using the cost of debt, we can calculate the present value (PV) of the cash flows:
PV of perpetuity = Cash flow / Cost of debt
PV of perpetuity = $4 million / 8% = $50 million
With debt financing, NEC will need to borrow $22 million to finance the expansion project, which will have a present value of $50 million in perpetuity.
Comparison:
Comparing the two options, issuing equity would raise $22 million but result in a present value of $40 million. On the other hand, issuing debt would raise the same $22 million but result in a present value of $50 million. Therefore, based on the present value of cash flows, issuing debt seems to be the more favorable option for NEC to finance the expansion project.
However, it's important to note that the decision between equity and debt financing depends on various factors, such as the company's financial position, risk tolerance, capital structure, and market conditions. NEC should consider these factors and consult with financial advisors to make an informed decision.
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8. What causes cyclical unemployment? What is the "preferred" solution to solve cyclical unemployment? 9. (2.5 points) For a. through j. below, say whether the individual described is employ
Cyclical unemployment is a type of unemployment that is caused by the business cycle. The business cycle refers to the fluctuations in economic activity that occur over time, with periods of growth and contraction.
The main cause of cyclical unemployment is a decrease in demand for goods and services, which leads to a decrease in the demand for labor. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including changes in consumer preferences, technological advances, or shifts in the global economy.
The preferred solution to solve cyclical unemployment is to implement expansionary fiscal and monetary policies. Fiscal policy involves increasing government spending and decreasing taxes, which can stimulate demand for goods and services and create jobs. Monetary policy involves lowering interest rates, which can stimulate borrowing and investment and also create jobs in the process.
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Form follows function"" although an architectural phrase may also apply to organizational design.
The phrase "form follows function" can be applied to both architecture and organizational design, emphasizing the importance of designing structures and organizations based on their intended purpose or function. By aligning form with function, both architecture and organizations can optimize their effectiveness and efficiency in achieving their respective goals.
In architecture, "form follows function" suggests that the design of a building should be based on its purpose and how it will be used. The form, or physical appearance, of the building should be a result of its function, ensuring that the design is practical and efficient. Similarly, in organizational design, "form follows function" implies that the structure and design of an organization should align with its goals, objectives, and functions. The organizational structure, processes, and systems should be designed in a way that supports and enables the organization to achieve its intended purpose effectively.
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The figure below illustrates the two sides of the labour market. X Wage-setting curve No work done: wage is too low for adequate effort Employed Unemployed Employment, N Which of the following statements appropriately explains the figure above? O a. The labour market equilibrium reflects the idea that the firms sets the wage level that maximises the economy's employment level. O b. Immigration shifts the labour supply curve to the left. O c. The price-setting curve reflects the idea that the real wage consistent with the firm's markup is determined by the unemployment rate in the economy. O d. The labour market equilibrium is point Y. O e. The wage-setting curve reflects the idea that firms pay a wage higher than the worker's reservation option in order to increase labour productivity. Real wage Labour supply Average product of labour, A Price-setting curve
The correct statement that appropriately explains the figure above is: c. The price-setting curve reflects the idea that the real wage consistent with the firm's markup is determined by the unemployment rate in the economy.
The figure illustrates the relationship between the real wage (on the vertical axis) and the level of employment (on the horizontal axis). The price-setting curve represents the relationship between the real wage and the unemployment rate. It shows that as the unemployment rate increases, firms have more bargaining power and can set lower wages, leading to a lower real wage. The wage-setting curve represents the idea that firms pay a wage higher than the worker's reservation option (minimum acceptable wage) in order to increase labor productivity. The equilibrium point in the labor market is where the wage-setting curve intersects the price-setting curve. However, the figure does not provide enough information to determine the specific equilibrium point (option d).
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Prepare the Case Study "Miles Everson at
PricewaterhouseCoopers" from the course
pack.
Focus on the following questions, and
prepare the answer
What is the role of the Global
Engagement Partner (GEP) at
PricewaterhouseCoopers?
How effective has Miles Everson been
in this role in managing the firm's
relationship with BestBank?
What are the challenges Everson faces in becoming the GEP for Global Financial?
What recommendations do you have for him?
Preparing the Case Study "Miles Everson at PricewaterhouseCoopers" from the course pack, the following questions need to be focused on and prepared the answers;
What is the role of the Global Engagement Partner (GEP) at PricewaterhouseCoopers?
At PricewaterhouseCoopers, the Global Engagement Partner (GEP) role involves managing significant clients and generating new business opportunities for the company. The role includes oversight of the account and quality control of all services delivered to the client. This position is critical because it establishes and oversees the relationship with the client, including all of the various activities that the firm carries out on behalf of the client.
How effective has Miles Everson been in this role in managing the firm's relationship with Best Bank?
Miles Everson has been an effective GEP because he has successfully navigated the organization's complexities and developed strong relationships with Best Bank's leadership. His role in ensuring that PwC provides services that are on time, of high quality, and meet BestBank's specific needs has been instrumental. He has also been successful in fostering trust with his team and with the client's leadership.
What are the challenges Everson faces in becoming the GEP for Global Financial?
Everson has a unique set of challenges to overcome in becoming the GEP for Global Financial. The role will require him to balance multiple clients and prioritize resources. He will need to manage many competing demands and ensure that each client feels supported and valued. Furthermore, Everson will need to have a deep understanding of the industry and market to succeed in this role.
What recommendations do you have for him?
To be successful in the GEP for Global Financial role, Everson needs to understand the new organization's culture and processes. Additionally, he should focus on building relationships with key decision-makers and stakeholders within the new group. Developing a clear understanding of each client's needs and tailoring the firm's services to meet those needs is critical.
Finally, he should also focus on developing and training his team to ensure that they have the skills and resources needed to deliver quality services to clients.
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Question 17 Which one of the following statements about wealth is true? O Wealth is what you own (assets) minus what you owe (liabilities) OWealth is widely spread in the United States O Wealth is obtained only from property income. O Wealth is the total income of a person
The true statement about wealth is that wealth is what you own (assets) minus what you owe (liabilities). This definition of wealth takes into account an individual's net worth by considering the difference between their assets and liabilities.
Wealth is often understood as the accumulation of valuable assets that an individual or entity possesses. It represents the financial resources and material possessions that contribute to a person's net worth. However, wealth is not simply a measure of one's income or the total income earned. It goes beyond income and focuses on the accumulation of assets over time.
The true definition of wealth is based on the concept of net worth, which is calculated by subtracting an individual's liabilities (debts and obligations) from their assets (including property, investments, savings, and other valuables). This equation provides a more comprehensive understanding of an individual's financial position and reflects their true wealth.
By considering both assets and liabilities, the calculation of wealth captures the overall financial health and prosperity of an individual. It takes into account the ownership of valuable assets and the ability to manage and meet financial obligations.
Therefore, wealth is best defined as the difference between assets and liabilities, representing an individual's net worth rather than just their income or total earnings.
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Can you review and analyze the following data?
X Y
Mean 25.45487805 9.262439024
Variance 2.74466561 0.448083902
Observations 41 41
Pooled Variance 1.596374756
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 80
t Stat 58.02588528
P(T<=t) one-tail 1.9007E-67
t Critical one-tail 1.664124579
P(T<=t) two-tail 3.80139E-67
t Critical two-tail 1.990063421
The given data represents a statistical test, likely a t-test judging by the presence of t statistics.
The given data represents a statistical test, likely a t-test judging by the presence of t statistics. The data indicates a significant difference in the means of X and Y. The t Stat (58.03) is significantly larger than the t Critical two-tail (1.99), indicating that the means of X and Y are significantly different. The p-value is very small (almost zero), which also suggests a strong difference. Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis that there's no difference in means.
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FOCUS ON INTERNATIONAL ISSUES The issue of transfer pricing is mostly relevant to performance evaluation of investment centers and their managers. If a company does business in only one country, transfer prices do not affect the overall profit of the company because the cost that will be recorded as an expense for the company as a whole is the actual cost incurred to produce it, not its trans- fer price. However, the situation can be different if the producing division is in one country and the acquiring division is in another. This difference occurs because income tax rates are not the same in all countries. Assume the Global Tool Company manufactures a product in South Korea for the equivalent of $10. The product is transferred to another segment that operates in the United States where it is ulti- mately sold for $18. Now, assume the income tax rate is 40 percent in South Korea and 30 percent in the United States. Ignoring all other costs, what amount of taxes will the company pay if the transfer price is set at $10? What amount of taxes will the company pay if the transfer price is set at $18? CSpaces ImagesBlend Images - If a $10 transfer price is used, then all of the company's $8 per unit profit ($18-$10) will be recognized in the United States. Since the item is assumed to have been "sold" in South Korea at an amount equal to its production cost, there will be no profit for the South Korean division of the company ($10-$10-$0). The U.S. division will pay $2.40 in taxes ($8 x 0.30-$2.40). Conversely, if the transfer price is $18, then all of the profit will be reported in South Korea, and $3.20 per unit of taxes will be paid ($3 x 0.40 = $3.20). The Internal Revenue Service has rules to prevent companies from setting transfer prices simply for the purpose of reducing taxes, but many companies have been accused of such practices over the years. Remember, it is often impossible to prove exactly what the best transfer price should be. Even though the company in our hypothetical example could not get away with such extreme transfer prices as $10 or $18, it might by to set the price a bit lower than it should be in order to shift more profit to the segment in the United States, where the assumed tax rate is lower. Despite the difficulties of proving what proper transfer prices should be, the IRS does pursue companies it believes are violating the law. In fact, as of 2006, the largest settlement in the history of the IRS involved a transfer pricing case against the British-based pharma- ceutical company GlaxoSmithKline. The company agreed to pay the IRS $3.4 billion to settle charges that its American unit had improperly overpaid the parent company, thus shifting profits from the United States to the United Kingdom from 1989 through 2005. More recently. Coca-Cola announced in September 2015 that the IRS had notified the company that it may have to pay up to $3.3 billion in additional taxes due to improper international transfer pricing. In November 2020 the United States Tax Court ruled that Coke had violated IRS rules, but did not set an amount that the company owed in back taxes. Coke continues to believe the charges are without merit, and indicated that it planned to appeal the Tax Court's decision. The issue will probably take years to settle. The IRS does not always win these cases. The IRS had been seeking a $1.5 billion payment from Amazon related to transfer pricing issues involving its subsidiary in Luxemburg. In March 2017 the U.S. Tax Court sided with Amazon, ruling that it did not owe the extra taxes. Tax disputes related to transfer pricing are not just a problem in the United States. In May 2017 an Australian court ruled that Chevron owed the country $250 million in additional taxes related to the interest rates it charged its subsidiaries in Australia. By charging its Austra lian subsidiaries higher than market rates of interest, the profits in Australia were reduced, thus reducing the taxes Chevron paid to Australia. Transfer pricing covers the price for a lot of things, not just physical things like equipment parts or retail inventory items. With respect to the settlement at Glaxo, the commissioner of the IRS stated, "We have consistently said that transfer pricing is one of the most significant challenges for us in the area of corporate tax administration." Sources: "IRS Accepts Settlement Offer in Largest Transfer Pricing Dispute," from the IRS website, September 11, 2006; Coke's Form 8-K, September 18, 2015; The Woll Street Journal's website, March 23 and May 23, 2017; and "Tax Court Rules Against Coca-Cola, The Wall Street Journal, November 19, 2020, p. B-4.
Transfer pricing is a significant issue in multinational companies, particularly when operations are spread across different countries with varying tax rates.
The determination of transfer prices affects the allocation of profits and tax liabilities between divisions in different countries. In the provided example, if the transfer price is set at $10, all the profit is recognized in the United States, resulting in a tax payment of $2.40 per unit. On the other hand, if the transfer price is $18, all the profit is reported in South Korea, leading to a tax payment of $3.20 per unit. Setting transfer prices strategically can potentially allow companies to shift profits to regions with lower tax rates, leading to tax savings. However, tax authorities such as the IRS actively monitor and regulate transfer pricing practices to prevent tax avoidance. High-profile cases like GlaxoSmithKline and Coca-Cola demonstrate the scrutiny and potential financial consequences involved in transfer pricing disputes.
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Harry Beltik is a customer service rep for American Chess Magazine. He is currently on the phone with a new subscriber named Beth Harmon, who is calling to complain about missed deliveries of the magazine. While they chat, Harry pulls up her customer profile below to determine whether it would be justifiable to give Ms. Harmon a 50% discount during the second year of her subscription (i.e., during only the t= 2 time period) as compensation for the delivery troubles she has been experiencing. If Ms. Harmon were given this subscription discount, her three-year CLV would be about...
The three-year CLV of Ms. Harmon is $189.
The three-year CLV of Ms. Harmon would be $189 if she is given a 50% discount during the second year of her subscription.
CLV stands for Customer Lifetime Value. The customer lifetime value is a prediction of the net profit contributed to the whole future relationship with a customer. It shows the approximate worth of the customer to a company.
To calculate the CLV, the company should know the customer’s history of purchasing and the information related to the customer’s life cycle.
Harry Beltik is a customer service representative for American Chess Magazine. He is on the phone with a new subscriber named Beth Harmon. Ms. Harmon is calling to complain about missed deliveries of the magazine.
Harry Beltik pulls up Ms. Harmon’s customer profile to see whether it would be justifiable to give Ms. Harmon a 50% discount during the second year of her subscription as compensation for the delivery troubles she has been experiencing.
Therefore, we can calculate the three-year CLV of Ms. Harmon by calculating the three-year revenue generated by Ms. Harmon and then deducting the cost of production and the cost of the subscription. A 50% discount means that the company is going to get only half of the payment from the customer
.Here is how to calculate the three-year CLV for Ms. Harmon:
1st year revenue = $180. Cost of subscription = $25. Cost of production = $60.
1st year profit = $180 – $25 – $60 = $95
2nd year revenue (with a 50% discount) = $90. Cost of subscription = $25. Cost of production = $60.
2nd year profit = $90 – $25 – $60 = $5
3rd year revenue = $180. Cost of subscription = $25. Cost of production = $60.
3rd year profit = $180 – $25 – $60 = $95
Therefore, the total three-year profit of the company is:1st year profit + 2nd year profit + 3rd year profit= $95 + $53 + $95= $243
Therefore, the three-year CLV of Ms. Harmon is:$243 - $54 = $189.
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1 Which characteristic is most important to running a successful monopoly?
a The only buyer of a resource or type of labor
b The only seller of a non-essential product
c The only buyer of a consumer product
d The only seller of a difficult-to-substitute product
2 Which of the following is most likely to be observed in a monopolistically competitive market?
a Standardized, homogenous products
b Non-price competition, such as advertising
c Collusion and price-fixing between firms
d Government antitrust oversight
3.Which of the following would most likely be a monopoly?
a An electricity provider
b An appliance store
c A dentist's office
d A supermarket
4 . Firm X and Firm Y were previously in direct competition, but now they plan to merge. This combination would be considered a
a complementary merger
b a merger of equals
c vertical merger
d horizontal merger
5 The demand curve for the perfectly elastic competitor is:
a perfectly inelastic
b relative, but not perfectly elastic
c downward sloping
d perfectly elastic
The only seller of a difficult-to-substitute product is most important to running a successful monopoly. This characteristic of the firm is known as a monopolistic characteristic and it makes it difficult for other firms to compete with the firm in the industry.
The firm can set a price above the marginal cost of production since there is no perfect substitute for the product. Non-price competition, such as advertising is most likely to be observed in a monopolistically competitive market. A monopolistically competitive market is a market where there are many firms that produce similar but not identical products. In such a market, firms engage in non-price competition to gain more market share.
An electricity provider would most likely be a monopoly. This is because electricity is a natural monopoly. It is more efficient for a single firm to produce and distribute electricity to consumers than multiple firms.
A horizontal merger would occur when Firm X and Firm Y, which were previously in direct competition plan to merge. A horizontal merger occurs when two firms in the same industry with similar products come together to increase their market share.
The demand curve for the perfectly elastic competitor is perfectly elastic. A perfectly elastic demand curve is horizontal. It means that a small change in price by the firm will lead to an infinite change in the quantity demanded. This is characteristic of a competitive market where there are many sellers producing a homogenous product, and consumers have perfect information.
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true or false for each:
Capacity must be considered when analyzing the merits of a special order.
The method of transfer pricing effects the profitability of the company.
The biggest problem with cost-based transfer prices is too much negotiation is involved.
The Theory of Constraints emphasizes developing competitive constraints.
The greatest advantage of using a market transfer price is it is generally the most practical approach of determining transfer prices when conflict exists between the two divisions.
Capacity must be considered when analyzing the merits of a special order - TRUE The method of transfer pricing effects the profitability of the company - TRUE The biggest problem with cost-based transfer prices is too much negotiation is involved - FALSE
The Theory of Constraints emphasizes developing competitive constraints - TRUE THE greatest advantage of using a market transfer price is it is generally the most practical approach of determining transfer prices when conflict exists between the two divisions - TRUE Capacity must be considered when analyzing the merits of a special order is a true statement. Capacity plays a vital role in analyzing the merits of a special order.
The company's capacity must be measured first to determine the feasibility of accepting the special order. The capacity for the product/service that is being produced must be taken into consideration when considering the benefits of a special order. The company's capacity is the maximum output that the organization can deliver in a given period.The statement "The method of transfer pricing effects the profitability of the company" is true. The method of transfer pricing is an essential factor that affects the profitability of the company. The transfer pricing can have an enormous impact on the division's profitability and the overall performance of the company. If the transfer price is set too high, then it can hurt the buying division. On the other hand, if the transfer price is set too low, then it can hurt the selling division.The biggest problem with cost-based transfer prices is too much negotiation is involved is a false statement. The cost-based transfer prices are usually used when the external market is not available. The cost-based transfer prices are easy to understand and easy to implement. The cost-based transfer prices are often used when the selling division wants to transfer goods at cost, and the buying division doesn't want to pay more than the cost. There is no negotiation involved in setting cost-based transfer prices.The Theory of Constraints emphasizes developing competitive constraints is a true statement. The Theory of Constraints emphasizes that the competitive constraint is the core factor that limits the profitability of the organization. The competitive constraint can be internal or external to the organization. The internal constraints are related to the production process, while external constraints are related to the market demand.The greatest advantage of using a market transfer price is it is generally the most practical approach of determining transfer prices when conflict exists between the two divisions is a true statement. The market transfer prices are usually used when the external market is available. The market transfer prices are based on the market prices, and they are easily understood by both the buying and selling divisions. The market transfer prices are the most practical approach of determining transfer prices when the conflict exists between the two divisions. This approach minimizes the negotiation, and it promotes fair pricing.
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Prepare journal entries to record the following merchandising transactions of Hall's, which uses the perpetual inventory system. August 1 Purchased merchandise from Thompson Company for $10,300 under credit terms of 1/10, n/30, FOB destination, invoice dated August 1. August 5 Sold merchandise to Garcia Corporation for $6,600 under credit terms of 2/10, n/60, FOB destination, invoice dated August 5. The merchandise had cost $4,000. August 8 Purchased merchandise from Wilson Corporation for $5,960 under credit terms of 1/10, n/45, FOB shipping point, invoice dated August 8. Paid $525 cash for shipping charges related to the August 5 sale to Garcia Corporation August 9 August 10 Garcia returned merchandise from the August 5 sale that had cost Hall's $200 and was sold for $300. The merchandise was restored to inventory. August 12 After negotiations with Wilson Corporation concerning problems with the purchases on August 8, Hall's received a credit memorandum from Wilson granting a price reduction of $800 off the $5,960 of goods purchased. August 14 At Thompson's request, Hall's paid $600 cash for freight charges on the August 1 purchase, reducing the amount owed to Thompson. August 15 Received balance due from Garcia Corporation for the August 5 sale less the return on August 10. August 18 Paid the amount due Wilson Corporation for the August 8 purchase less the price allowance from August 12. August 19 Sold merchandise to Zhang Company for $4,100 under credit terms of n/10, FOB shipping point, invoice dated August 19. The merchandise had cost $2,050. August 22 Zhang requested a price reduction on the August 19 sale because the merchandise did not meet specifications. Hall's sent Zhang a $500 credit memorandum toward the $4,100 invoice to resolve the issue. August 29 Received Zhang's cash payment for the amount due from the August 19 sale less the price allowance from August 22. August 30 Paid Thompson Company the amount due from the August 1 purchase. Requirement General General Ledger Schedule of Journal Trial Balance Income Schedule of Receivables Payables Impact on Income Statement General Journal tab - Journalize the merchandising transactions. The General Ledger, trial balance and schedules of accounts receivable and accounts payable will be updated based on your entries. General Ledger tab - One of the advantages of general ledger software is that posting is done automatically. To see the detail of all transactions that affect a specific account, or the balance in an account at a specific point in time, click on the General Ledger tab. Trial Balance tab - General ledger software also automates the preparation of trial balances. A trial balance lists each account from the General Ledger, along with its balance, either a debit or a credit. Total debits should always equal total credits. Schedule of Receivables tab - General ledger software automates the balances for each of the customers' accounts. Schedule of Payables tab - General ledger software automates the balances for each of the suppliers' accounts. Income Statement tab - Prepare a multiple-step income statement. Impact on Income tab - Indicate the impact each transaction had on net income. Requirement General Journal >
In the given problem, we are required to prepare journal entries to record the merchandising transactions of Hall's which uses the perpetual inventory system, and update the general ledger, trial balance, schedule of accounts receivable and accounts payable based on those entries.
August 1: Purchased merchandise from Thompson Company for $10,300 under credit terms of 1/10, n/30, FOB destination, invoice dated August 1. Accounts involved: Inventory a/c (Dr) $10,300Accounts Payable a/c (Cr) $10,300Explanation:As we received inventory from the supplier on credit, we will debit inventory and credit accounts payable. August 5: Sold merchandise to Garcia Corporation for $6,600 under credit terms of 2/10, n/60, FOB destination, invoice dated August 5. The merchandise had cost $4,000.
Accounts involved: Accounts Receivable a/c (Dr) $6,600Sales a/c (Cr) $6,600Cost of Goods Sold a/c (Dr) $4,000Inventory a/c (Cr) $4,000Explanation:As we made a sale, we will debit accounts receivable and credit sales. As there is a cost of goods sold involved, we will debit cost of goods sold and credit inventory. August 8: Purchased merchandise from Wilson Corporation for $5,960 under credit terms of 1/10, n/45, FOB shipping point, invoice dated August 8. Paid $525 cash for shipping charges related to the August 5 sale to Garcia Corporation.
Accounts involved: Inventory a/c (Dr) $5,960Accounts Payable a/c (Cr) $5,960Cash a/c (Dr) $525Explanation:As we received inventory from the supplier on credit, we will debit inventory and credit accounts payable. As we made a payment for the shipping charges, we will debit cash and credit the respective expense. August 9: Accounts involved: No transaction occurred. August 10: Garcia returned merchandise from the August 5 sale that had cost Hall's $200 and was sold for $300.
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Describe a Difficult Conversation from a Movie Margin Call (4/9) Movie CLIP - Be First, Be Smarter or Cheat (2011) HD
1. Analyze the difficult conversation. Explain how well the characters involved applied effective principles for communicating.
2. Describe how you can apply two strategies from the scene as you approach difficult conversations in the workplace.
The movie Margin Call (4/9) Movie CLIP - Be First, Be Smarter or Cheat (2011) HD features a difficult conversation in the movie. The conversation happened in the boardroom where a group of people sat together to discuss the potential effects of a financial crisis.
The CEO had been given information that the market was about to crash. He gathered his senior staff and board members together to disclose the information to them. The conversation was tense, and emotions were high. The CEO and his team had to decide whether to disclose the information to the public and allow the market to crash or to cheat and sell off all their toxic assets to unsuspecting buyers to protect their company's reputation. They had to make this decision within a limited amount of time, which added pressure to the conversation. Principles for effective communication applied by characters involved in the difficult conversation The CEO was calm, clear, and direct when communicating the information to his senior staff. He didn't sugarcoat the situation, nor did he allow fear and panic to cloud his judgment. Instead, he remained focused and composed, which helped to reassure his team that they were capable of handling the crisis. The senior staff was also receptive to the CEO's message. They listened attentively to the information presented to them and didn't shy away from asking difficult questions. They also spoke candidly about their concerns and provided feedback on the best course of action.
Two strategies from the scene that can be applied when approaching difficult conversations in the workplace
1. Honesty: One of the most effective ways to handle difficult conversations is to be honest about the situation. Honesty can help to build trust and foster positive relationships.
2. Active Listening: Active listening is an essential communication skill that can be used during difficult conversations. It involves paying attention to the other person's message, showing empathy, and providing feedback. Active listening can help to create a safe and comfortable environment for open and honest communication.
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