- Good X is price elastic.
- Good X is price inelastic.
The given price elasticity of demand for Good X (-1.17) indicates that a 1% change in price will result in a greater than 1% change in quantity demanded, indicating price elasticity. Therefore, Good X is price elastic.
Since the absolute value of the price elasticity of demand for Good X is greater than 1, it can also be inferred that Good X is price inelastic, as the demand is relatively unresponsive to price changes.
The information provided does not allow us to determine whether Good X and Y are substitutes or complements, or whether Good X is normal or inferior.
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Why do Nike and New Balance have different positions when it comes to the Trans-Pacific Partnership? 2. What is Vietnam's comparative advantage in the footwear industry? What is USA's comparative advantage? 3. What is likely to happen, in your opinion, if tariffs on shoes are raised? Try to think about whom all (all the stakeholders or affected parties) this is likely to affect, and by how much.
Nike and New Balance have different positions when it comes to the Trans-Pacific Partnership for several reasons. The Trans-Pacific Partnership is a trade agreement that would remove tariffs on a wide range of goods, including footwear, between participating countries.
Nike has supported the TPP, while New Balance has been critical of it. One reason for this difference in position is that Nike is a global company with a significant presence in Asia, particularly in countries such as Vietnam, which would benefit from the removal of tariffs. New Balance, on the other hand, is a US-based company that still produces a significant portion of its footwear in the US, and is concerned about the potential impact of the TPP on its domestic production. Additionally, New Balance has criticized the TPP's labor and environmental standards, arguing that they are not strong enough to protect workers and the environment.
Vietnam's comparative advantage in the footwear industry is primarily due to its low labor costs. The country has a large and growing workforce, which is relatively unskilled but can produce footwear at a much lower cost than in other countries. Additionally, Vietnam has been investing in its infrastructure and improving its business environment, making it an increasingly attractive location for foreign investors.
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A furnace costs $3,400 to replace, and is expected to last 20 years. what would be the appropriate charge for reserves for replacement for this item?
Under the straight-line method, the appropriate annual charge for reserves for the replacement of the furnace is $170.
What is the straight-line method?The straight-line method of accounting for reserves for the replacement of the furnace involves the division of the asset's cost less the expected salvage value by the number of years the asset is expected to be in use.
The cost of the furnace = $3,400
The number of years for using the furnace = 20 years
Expected salvage value = $0
The annual charge for reserves or depreciation = $170 ($3,400 ÷ 20)
Thus, using the straight-line method, the entity should reserve $170 annually to replace the furnace.
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What are the definitions or characteristics of these competitive analysis strategies and techniques? SWOT analysi: Five Choose... Choose... BCG Growth ∨ Choose... Share Choose.. used to describe the range of activities that a company performs to create a good or service determines the time horizon of forecasting required to support demand for a product model used to determine the level of competitiveness in an industry tool that is used to support decisions on portfolio resource allocation tool used to collect and organize data on the internal view of the company position in the market and an external perspective on the
The characteristics of competitive analysis strategies and techniques are explained below:SWOT analysis is a tool used to collect and organize data on the internal view of the company position in the market and an external perspective on the opportunities and threats present in the market.
Five Forces model used to determine the level of competitiveness in an industry, which involves suppliers, competitors, and substitutes among others. Choose-Your-Position matrix is a tool that is used to support decisions on portfolio resource allocation.BCG Growth-Share matrix is a tool that categorizes products into one of four categories based on market share and market growth. Choose-Your-Market is used to describe the range of activities that a company performs to create a good or service, which determines the time horizon of forecasting required to support demand for a product.
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How has Moore's Law played out since the early 1970s?
Select an answer:
Data generation is now trillions of gigabytes per year.
More people are connected and contribute to intelligent software.
Computing power has increased by a factor of several million.
8.
Around when did AI become a formal endeavor?
Select an answer:
1920
1975
1945
2000
9.
Approximately how reliable is current speech recognition technology?
Select an answer:
99 percent
50 percent
75 percent
90 percent
4. Your organization is using AI to predict customer receptiveness to modifying your existing furniture designs. Which class of cognitive technologies are you using?
Select an answer:
process
insight
product
1. Since the early 1970s, Moore's Law has played out in that computing power has increased by a factor of several million.
2. AI became a formal endeavor since 1956
3. The current speech recognition technology is 90 percent reliable
4. The class of cognitive technologies the organization is using is insight.
Learning about Moore's lawMoore's Law is the prediction made by Gordon Moore, who is the co-founder of Intel Corporation. He predicted in 1965 that the number of transistors on a microchip will double approximately every two years, while the cost it takes for computing power will decrease drastically.
Moore prediction has held true ever since then because it has been the driving force behind the rapid advancements in computer technology we have seen in recent years.
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Moore's Law states that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles approximately every two years, resulting in significant advancements in computing power. It has also led to increased data generation and connectivity.
Explanation:Moore's Law, formulated by Gordon Moore in the early 1970s, states that the number of transistors on a microchip will double approximately every two years. This has played out over the years, resulting in a significant increase in computing power. Today, computers are millions of times more powerful compared to the early 1970s.
Additionally, Moore's Law has also contributed to advancements in data generation and connectivity. Nowadays, we generate trillions of gigabytes of data per year, and more people are connected, contributing to intelligent software.
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Describe components of process choice from chapter 3 as related to the video content, Provide examples of how the specific commodity types are used in many everyday applications which most consumers are not aware of. How does Supply Chain Management make this possible?
Process choice refers to the decision-making process involved in selecting the most suitable method to transform inputs into outputs.
In chapter the components of process choice include process structure, process layout, and process technology.
Process structure refers to the overall configuration of the processes within a company. It involves deciding on the sequence and relationship of activities, as well as the allocation of resources.
For example, a manufacturing company may choose a job shop process structure, where each product is customized and made to order. Process layout refers to the physical arrangement of the facilities and equipment within the production system. It includes decisions about the placement of workstations.
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which show the numbers of these coffees sold aver sx diflerent price values: Using simple linear regressica and given that the price per cup is 51.85, the forecasted demand for mocha latte colees will bo cups (enier your response foundoud to one docimal place).
To determine the forecasted demand for mocha latte coffees using simple linear regression, we need to have information on the relationship between the price per cup and the number of coffees sold.
However, the question does not provide any data or coefficients for the regression equation. Without these details, it is not possible to calculate the forecasted demand accurately.
To conduct a simple linear regression analysis, you would typically need a dataset consisting of observations on both the independent variable (price per cup) and the dependent variable (number of coffees sold). With this data, you can estimate the regression equation and use it to forecast the demand for mocha latte coffees at a given price.
If you have access to the necessary data, please provide it, and I will be happy to guide you through the process of calculating the forecasted demand using simple linear regression.
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Julian, age 45, would like to determine how much life insurance to purchase using the human life value approach. He assumes his average annual earnings will remain at $40,000. Of this amount, $21,723 is available annually for the support of his family. Julian will generate this income for 24 more years and he believes that 5.25 percent is the appropriate interest (discount) rate. What is Julian's human life value? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places)
Julian's human life value, using the human life value approach, is approximately $286,835.34. This is the estimated amount of life insurance he should consider purchasing to provide financial support for his family based on his future earnings.
To calculate Julian's human life value using the human life value approach, we need to determine the present value of his future earnings available for the support of his family.
Julian's average annual earnings are $40,000, of which $21,723 is available annually for his family's support. He plans to generate this income for 24 more years, and the appropriate interest (discount) rate is 5.25%.
We can calculate the present value of Julian's future earnings as follows:
Present Value = Annual Income for Family Support / Discount Rate
Present Value = $21,723 / (1 + Discount Rate)^Number of Years
Present Value = $21,723 / (1 + 0.0525)^24
Present Value ≈ $286,835.34
Therefore, Julian's human life value, using the human life value approach, is approximately $286,835.34. This is the estimated amount of life insurance he should consider purchasing to provide financial support for his family based on his future earnings.
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When an incorrect entry has been journalized and posted to a wrong account or for the wrong amount, a(n)?
When an incorrect entry has been journalized and posted to a wrong account or for the wrong amount, it's related to an error.
In account, similar errors can be classified as either errors of omission, errors of commission, or errors of principle. Errors of commission come when an incorrect entry is made, while errors of omission happen when a transaction is fully omitted from the records. Errors of principle occur when an entry violates accounting principles or guidelines.
To amend these errors, adaptations need to be made through a series of correcting journal entries to insure that the fiscal statements reflect accurate and dependable information.
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How did the rapid decline in the native american population contributes to the rise of the atlantic slave trade?
The rapid decline in the Native American population in the Americas did contribute to the rise of the Atlantic slave trade, by labor shortage, plantation economies, and triangular trade.
Here are a few ways in which the decay of the Native American populace had an affect:
Labor Shortage: As the Local American populace declined due to different components, counting illness, fighting, and constrained labor, there was a noteworthy labor deficiency within the Americas. The inborn populaces were initially utilized as a source of labor by European colonizers, especially in mining, horticulture, and ranch work. With the decay of the Local American populace, there was a developing request for elective sources of labor.Plantation Economies: The decrease of the Local American populace coincided with the expansion of European colonies within the Americas, especially in locales just like the Caribbean and Brazil. These colonies depended intensely on labor-intensive cash trim manors, such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton. The labor request for these plantations could not be met by the innate populace alone, driving to the rummage around for elective labor sources.Triangular Trade: The rise of the Atlantic slave exchange was portion of a broader financial framework known as the Triangular Exchange. European powers, fundamentally Portugal, Spain, Britain, France, and the Netherlands, built up exchange courses interfacing Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Slaves captured in West Africa were transported over the Atlantic to the Americas, where they were exchanged for commodities such as sugar, tobacco, and rum. The labor needs of the Americas were somewhat met by the importation of African slaves, filling the labor void cleared out by the declining Local American populace.know more about labor-intensive
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In the consumer decision-making process, our preferred or desired state is best described as:________
In the consumer decision-making process, our preferred or desired state is best described as the "ideal state" or "desired state."
Consumer decision-making involves a number of steps, such as problem recognition, information search, alternative appraisal, buy decision, and post-purchase analysis. Consumers evaluate this process by contrasting their existing state with their preferred or intended state.
The consumer's hopes, desires, and expectations are reflected in the preferred or desired state. It stands for the results or advantages that the buyer hopes to get from a transaction or other action.
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Which cmo tranche has the least certain repayment date? a planned amortization class b plain vanilla c companion class d targeted amortization class
Targeted amortization class cmo tranche has the least certain repayment date. Correct option is d.
Tranches of the targeted amortisation class feature a variable repayment schedule determined by prepayment rates and the performance of the underlying mortgage pool. As borrowers in the mortgage pool make prepayments or fall behind on their loans, the timing and size of principal repayments may change.
The listed other tranches, however, have more foreseeable payback schedules:
Tranches for the planned amortisation class (PAC): These tranches are made to offer more consistent and predictable cash flows and have a set schedule for principal repayments.
a. Standard tranches: These tranches are the norm and have fixed principal and interest payments. They follow a predetermined repayment plan.
c. Companion class tranches: These tranches are made to take up any extra prepayments from other CMO tranches.
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In 1934, the average wage rate was $0.55 an hour and in 2018 the average wage rate was $22.67, The CP in 1934 was 13.4 and in 2018 it was In what year was the reai wage The 2018 nominal wage rate that is equivalent to $0.55 an hour in 1934 is $10.31 an hour The real wage rate in 1934 is $4.10 Whes the higher real wage rate: $0.55 an hour in 1924 or $22.67 an hour in 2018?$2027 in 2013 e help
Real wage rate in 1934 is $4.10. Higher real wage rate: $22.67 an hour in 2018.
The real wage rate is calculated by dividing the nominal wage rate by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) then multiplying by 100. Real Wage Rate = Nominal Wage Rate / CPI x 100 . Let's calculate the CPI in 2018 : We have the CP in 1934, which is 13.4.
We need to find the CP in 2018. Given CP 2013 = $2027. We will use this data to calculate the CP in 2018.
The value of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in 1934 is 13.4.
In 2013, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) value was $2027.
By using the formula,CPI_2018 = (CPI_2013 / CPI_1934) × 13.4CPI_2018 = (2027/13.4) × 13.4CPI_2018 = 2027
We can say that the value of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in 2018 was 2027.
The 2018 nominal wage rate that is equivalent to $0.55 an hour in 1934 is $10.31 an hour.
We can find the 2018 nominal wage rate equivalent to $0.55 in 1934 by using the formula: (wage rate in 1934/wage rate in 2018)* 2018 CPI. We have the wage rate in 1934 which is $0.55/hour.
We are supposed to find the wage rate in 2018.
Therefore,($0.55/$10.31)*2027= 108.07
Therefore, the 2018 nominal wage rate that is equivalent to $0.55 an hour in 1934 is $10.31 an hour.
In conclusion, the real wage rate in 1934 was $4.10, and the higher real wage rate is $22.67 an hour in 2018.
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Which of the following can potential reduce the problems of asymmetric information by monitoring a corporation's managers? Boards of directors. Venture capital firms. Rating agencies. Investment banks. Which of the following can reduce the problems of asymmetric information by investing in new companies? Investment banks. Boards of directors. Rating agencies. Venture capital firms. Which of the following can reduce the problems of asymmetric information by buying companies, running them for a short time, and then reselling them for a higher price? Takeover firms. Investment banks. Rating agencies. Venture capital firms.
1. Boards of directors can reduce the problems of asymmetric information by monitoring a corporation's managers. The board of directors is in charge of overseeing a company's operations. They must ensure that management acts in the best interests of shareholders and that all relevant information is disclosed to investors.
2. Venture capital firms can reduce the problems of asymmetric information by investing in new companies. Venture capital firms are in charge of investing in startups and other early-stage businesses. They frequently conduct extensive research on the companies in which they invest, and they may provide guidance and advice to those companies to help them succeed.
3 Takeover firms can reduce the problems of asymmetric information by buying companies, running them for a short time, and then reselling them for a higher price. Takeover firms buy businesses with the goal of improving their efficiency and profitability before reselling them at a higher price. They frequently conduct extensive research on the companies they intend to acquire, which may help to reduce the information asymmetry that exists between buyers and sellers.
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In your assessment, what stage is Wendy's Company (WEN) currently in within the product/brand/company lifecycle?
Please give the firm and well-constructed advice regarding how to grow revenues across the next several years.
Based on the information provided, it is difficult to determine the exact stage Wendy's Company (WEN) is currently in within the product/brand/company lifecycle. However, I can provide some general advice on how to grow revenues across the next several years.
1. Market Analysis: Conduct thorough market research to identify emerging trends, customer preferences, and competitors' strategies. This will help Wendy's Company understand the market landscape and target the right audience.
2. Product Innovation: Continuously innovate and improve Wendy's products and services to stay competitive and meet changing customer needs. Introduce new menu items, improve existing recipes, or experiment with new technologies to enhance the customer experience.
3. Branding and Marketing: Develop a strong brand identity that resonates with the target audience. Invest in marketing campaigns across various channels to raise awareness, promote unique selling points, and differentiate Wendy's from competitors.
4. Customer Experience: Focus on providing exceptional customer service and a positive dining experience. Train employees to be friendly, knowledgeable, and efficient. Implement loyalty programs or personalized marketing initiatives to encourage repeat visits.
5. Expansion and Partnerships: Explore opportunities for expansion into new markets or regions. Consider strategic partnerships or collaborations with other brands to reach a wider audience and leverage each other's strengths.
6. Online Presence: Enhance Wendy's online presence by optimizing the website, utilizing social media platforms, and exploring digital advertising. Engage with customers through social media channels, respond to feedback, and create a community around the brand.
7. Sustainability and Social Responsibility: Emphasize Wendy's commitment to sustainability and social responsibility. Highlight initiatives such as responsible sourcing, waste reduction, or community involvement to appeal to environmentally and socially conscious consumers.
Remember, these are general suggestions, and Wendy's Company should conduct a more detailed analysis of its specific market and internal capabilities to tailor a growth strategy that aligns with its goals and resources.
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Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Suppose that the economy is characterized by the following behavioural equations: Consumption: с 800 + 0.8 (Y - T) Real investment: I = 150 + 0.1 Y – 1000 i Government spending: G = 210 Tax revenue: T = 200 + 0.5Y Central bank policy: i = in + 0.5 (TT – IT) Aggregate supply (AS) relation: t = € + 0* (Y – Yn) The neutral rate of interest is in=0.05, the inflation target of the central bank is "=0.05, the natural level of output is Y, = 1900, the labour force is L=2000, and the current expected value of inflation is ne=0.10. a) Derive the IS relation, and draw it in {i, Y} space. Explain its meaning in words. (Hint: solve for an equation with i on the left-hand side - use the parameter numbers given above). (2 marks) b) Substitute the central bank policy relation into the real investment relation, and then derive the AD relation and draw it in {n,Y} space. Explain its meaning in words. (Hint: solve for an equation with a on the left-hand side the parameter numbers given above). (2 marks) use c) Using the AS and AD relations, solve for the current short-run equilibrium inflation rate, t, and output, Y. Are these short-run equilibrium values greater or less than their medium-run values? (3 marks) d) Solve for the short-run equilibrium interest rate, i. (1 mark) e) Calculate the medium-run equilibrium values of real investment, I, and consumption, c. Confirm that Y, = C+I+G in the medium run. (2 marks)
a) The IS (Investment-Savings) relation can be derived by setting the sum of consumption, investment, and government spending equal to output. In this case, the equation would be: Y = C + I + G. Substituting the given values, we have:
Y = 800 + 0.8(Y - T) + 150 + 0.1Y - 1000i + 210
Simplifying the equation, we get:
Y = 800 + 0.8Y - 0.8T + 150 + 0.1Y - 1000i + 210
Combining like terms, we have:
Y = 1.9Y - 0.8T - 1000i + 1160
Now, let's isolate Y on the left-hand side:
0.9Y = - 0.8T - 1000i + 1160
Dividing both sides by 0.9, we get:
Y = (-0.8T - 1000i + 1160) / 0.9
This equation represents the IS relation, which shows the combinations of interest rate (i) and output (Y) that satisfy the equilibrium condition where total output equals total spending.
b) Substituting the central bank policy relation (i = in + 0.5(TT - IT)) into the real investment relation (I = 150 + 0.1Y - 1000i), we get:
I = 150 + 0.1Y - 1000(in + 0.5(TT - IT))
Expanding the equation, we have:
I = 150 + 0.1Y - 1000in - 500TT + 500IT
This equation represents the AD (Aggregate Demand) relation, which shows the combinations of inflation (n) and output (Y) that satisfy the equilibrium condition where total spending equals total output.
c) To solve for the short-run equilibrium inflation rate (t) and output (Y), we need to find the intersection of the AD and AS (Aggregate Supply) relations. The AD relation is derived in part b), while the AS relation is given as: t = € + 0*(Y - Yn).
By equating the AD and AS relations, we have:
t = € + 0*(Y - Yn)
Substituting the AD relation into the equation, we get:
t = 150 + 0.1Y - 1000in - 500TT + 500IT
To solve for the values of t and Y, we need more information, such as the values of €, TT, and IT.
d) The short-run equilibrium interest rate (i) can be obtained by substituting the values of Y and t into the central bank policy relation (i = in + 0.5(TT - IT)).
e) To calculate the medium-run equilibrium values of real investment (I) and consumption (c), we need to find the values of Y, C, and I that satisfy the equation Y = C + I + G. This equation represents the condition for long-run equilibrium, where total output equals total spending.
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Bond X is a premium bond making semiannual payments. The bond has a coupon rate of 9.8 percent, a YTM of 7.8 percent, and has 15 years to maturity. Bond Y is a discount bond making semiannual payments. This bond has a coupon rate of 7.8 percent, a YTM of 9.8 percent, and also has 15 years to maturity. Assume the interest rates remain unchanged and both bonds have a par value of $1,000.
What are the prices of these bonds today? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) What do you expect the prices of these bonds to be in one year? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) What do you expect the prices of these bonds to be in three years? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) What do you expect the prices of these bonds to be in eight years? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) What do you expect the prices of these bonds to be in 15 years? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
The price of Bond X today is approximately $1,304.48, and the price of Bond Y today is approximately $928.73. In one year, the prices of Bond X and Bond Y are expected to decrease.
To calculate the prices of the bonds today, we can use the present value formula for bond valuation:
Price = Σ(C / (1 + r)^t) + (F / (1 + r)^n)
Where:
C = Coupon payment
r = Yield to maturity (YTM) as a decimal
t = Time period (in this case, semiannual periods)
F = Face value or par value of the bond
n = Total number of periods
For Bond X:
C = $1,000 * 9.8% / 2 = $49
r = 7.8% / 2 = 3.9%
t = 1 (one year)
n = 15 * 2 = 30
F = $1,000
Using the above values in the formula, the price of Bond X today is approximately $1,304.48.
For Bond Y:
C = $1,000 * 7.8% / 2 = $39
r = 9.8% / 2 = 4.9%
t = 1 (one year)
n = 15 * 2 = 30
F = $1,000
Using the above values in the formula, the price of Bond Y today is approximately $928.73.
In one year, assuming the interest rates remain unchanged, the prices of both bonds are expected to decrease. This is because the YTM of both bonds exceeds their respective coupon rates, resulting in a discount. The discount will be more significant for Bond X as its coupon rate is higher compared to Bond Y, causing a greater negative impact on its price.
It's important to note that bond prices are inversely related to changes in interest rates. If interest rates were to increase, bond prices would generally decrease, and vice versa.
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A broker built a website for a new listing that does not mention
the broker company. Does it have a link to the managing broker's
website?
It is necessary for a broker to mention the name of their broker company when building a website for a new listing. However, if the broker built a website for a new listing that does not mention the broker company but has a link to the managing broker's website, then it is still considered appropriate.When creating a website, a broker should always follow certain guidelines to ensure they are in compliance with the real estate laws and regulations.
For example, the website must not contain any false or misleading information, and it should always disclose the name of the broker company.
However, there may be situations where a broker may choose not to mention the name of their company. For instance, if the broker works for a small company and the website is not intended to promote the company but only the new listing. In this case, if the website has a link to the managing broker's website, then it is still considered acceptable.
On the other hand, if the broker company is a large corporation, it is recommended to include the company name on the website. Failing to do so may lead to legal implications, and the broker could face penalties and fines.
It is, therefore, crucial for brokers to adhere to the guidelines and regulations when building a website for a new listing.
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businessfinancefinance questions and answerswhich of the following statements is most incorrect? coupon rate is generally positively related to bond price volatility. as interest rates (yield to maturity) increase, bond price decrease as a decreasing rate. a highly liquid asset is one that can be converted into its full market value at short notice. the relationship between maturity and yield to
Question: Which Of The Following Statements Is Most Incorrect? Coupon Rate Is Generally Positively Related To Bond Price Volatility. As Interest Rates (Yield To Maturity) Increase, Bond Price Decrease As A Decreasing Rate. A Highly Liquid Asset Is One That Can Be Converted Into Its Full Market Value At Short Notice. The Relationship Between Maturity And Yield To
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Out of the following options here, the first one is the most incorrect.
This is so because, the price volatility of a bond depends on two factors
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Transcribed image text: Which of the following statements is most incorrect? Coupon rate is generally positively related to bond price volatility. As interest rates (yield to maturity) increase, bond price decrease as a decreasing rate. A highly liquid asset is one that can be converted into its full market value at short notice. The relationship between maturity and yield to maturity is called the term structure.
Out of the following options here, the first one is the most incorrect. This is so because, the price volatility of a bond depends on two factors:
i. time to maturity of the bond, and
ii. sensitivity of the bond’s price to changes in interest rates or yield to maturity. Coupon rate does not play a direct role in determining the bond's price volatility.
Hence, the given statement is most incorrect.
Thus, the answer is: Coupon rate is generally positively related to bond price volatility.
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You are a newsvendor selling San Pedro Times every morning. Before you get to work, you go to the printer and buy the day’s paper for $0.30 a copy. You sell a copy of San Pedro Times for $1.70. Daily demand is distributed normally with mean = 320 and standard deviation = 48. At the end of each morning, any leftover copies are worthless and they go to a recycle bin.
a. How many copies of San Pedro Times should you buy each morning? (Round your answer to the nearest whole number.)
Optimal order quantity b. Based on a, what is the probability that you will run out of stock? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Probability
a) the optimal order quantity is 400 copies. b) the probability of running out of stock is approximately 0.9525 or 95.25% (rounded to 2 decimal places).
How to determine the the optimal order quantitya. To determine the optimal order quantity of San Pedro Times, we can use the Newsvendor Model, which aims to minimize the total cost of overstocking and understocking.
Given:
Cost per copy (c) = $0.30
Selling price per copy (p) = $1.70
Mean demand (μ) = 320
Standard deviation of demand (σ) = 48
The optimal order quantity (Q*) can be calculated using the following formula:
Q* = μ + (Z * σ)
Where Z is the Z-value corresponding to the desired service level. Since the problem does not mention a specific service level, we'll assume a common value of 1.645, which corresponds to approximately 90% service level.
Q* = 320 + (1.645 * 48)
Q* ≈ 320 + 79.416
Q* ≈ 400.416
Rounding to the nearest whole number, the optimal order quantity is 400 copies.
b. To calculate the probability of running out of stock, we need to determine the probability that the demand exceeds the available inventory. In other words, we need to find P(Demand > Q*).
To do this, we'll use the standard normal distribution and calculate the z-score for the demand exceeding Q*. The formula is:
z = (X - μ) / σ
Substituting the values:
z = (400 - 320) / 48
z = 1.667
Using a standard normal distribution table we can find the probability corresponding to a z-score of 1.667, which is approximately 0.9525.
Therefore, the probability of running out of stock is approximately 0.9525 or 95.25% (rounded to 2 decimal places).
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A competitive analysis is a strategy that involves researching major competitors to gain insight into their products, sales, and marketing tactics. However, competitors may be conveniently classified as Direct, Significant and Indirect. Discuss these three (3) types of competitors. Give an example in each classification.
Competitive analysis involves researching major competitors to gain insights into their products, sales, and marketing tactics. Competitors can be categorized as direct (e.g., Burger King vs. McDonald's), significant (e.g., Samsung vs. Apple), or indirect (e.g., movie theaters vs. sports games), influencing marketing strategies and positioning decisions.
Competitive analysis is a strategy that involves researching major competitors to gain insight into their products, sales, and marketing tactics. Competitors can be classified into three types, namely direct, significant, and indirect. Here is a discussion on each of these three types of competitors:
1. Direct competitors: These are companies that offer the same or similar products/services as your business and target the same market. Direct competitors are often the most significant competition because they have the most significant impact on your market share and customer base. Example: Burger King and McDonald's are direct competitors.
2. Significant competitors: These are companies that offer slightly different products or services that solve the same customer problem as your business. They may target a slightly different audience but offer the same solutions. Significant competitors may not be the most significant threat to your business, but they can affect your market share. Example: Samsung and Apple are significant competitors.
3. Indirect competitors: These are companies that offer different products or services from your business but still solve the same customer problem. They may target a different audience, but they can affect your market share. Example: An indirect competitor for a movie theater could be a sports game because it is an alternative activity that a customer may choose over going to the movies.
The classification of competitors is essential in determining marketing tactics and strategy. Understanding your direct, significant, and indirect competitors can help you determine how to position your product, price it, and market it.
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Suppose that you are working in a company as a cost manager that is making a single product. Determine the following values of your own for this product: (3 Marks)
Selling price per unit
Variable cost per unit
Fixed cost
Target profit for next year
After determining the values for the above, find out:
Break-even point in units.
Break-even point in sales value.
Units needed to reach target pretax profit (as decided by you in your example).
Sales value required to reach target pretax profit (as decided by you in your example).
Note: You are required to assume values of your own and they should not be copied from any sources.
Q2. Critically analyze the differences between the "Account Analysis Method" and the "Two-Point Method" of estimating a cost function. Provide suitable examples for each method by assuming the values of your own. (3 Marks)
Answer:
Q3. Referring to the concept of job costing in the manufacturing sector, identify how you will record the following journal entries: (3 Marks)
When raw materials are received.
When raw materials are sent to the factory floor.
When labor costs are incurred.
When a job is completed.
When a job is shipped to a customer.
Note: You must assume significant values for each transaction of your own and prepare the journal entries for each case.
Q1: Suppose that you are working in a company as a cost manager that is making a single product, the following values of the product can be determined. The following are the values of the product. Selling price per unit: $40Variable cost per unit: $20Fixed cost: $60,000 Target profit for next year: $200,000.
a) Break-even point in units. Break-even point in units can be calculated by dividing fixed cost with the difference between selling price per unit and variable cost per unit. Break-even point in units = Fixed cost / (Selling price per unit – Variable cost per unit) = $60,000 / ($40-$20) = 3000 units b) Break-even point in sales value. Break-even point in sales value can be calculated by multiplying the break-even point in units with the selling price per unit. Break-even point in sales value = Break-even point in units × Selling price per unit = 3000 units × $40 = $120,000c) Units needed to reach the target pretax profit. Units needed to reach the target pretax profit can be calculated by dividing target profit with the difference between selling price per unit and variable cost per unit. Units needed to reach target pretax profit = (Fixed cost + Target profit) / (Selling price per unit – Variable cost per unit) = ($60,000 + $200,000) / ($40 – $20) = 10000 units
d) Sales value required to reach the target pretax profit. Sales value required to reach the target pretax profit can be calculated by multiplying the units needed to reach the target pretax profit with the selling price per unit. Sales value required to reach target pretax profit = Units needed to reach target pretax profit × Selling price per unit = 10,000 units × $40 = $400,000.Q2:Account analysis method is used to determine the cost equation by analyzing the relationship between costs and their associated accounts. This method can be used for simple cost functions. It is useful for firms that have low variation in the volume of production. In contrast, the two-point method uses data from two different activity levels to estimate fixed and variable costs. Two-point methods are often used when there are two extreme data points and a simple linear relationship can be established between them. The difference between the two methods is that the account analysis method relies on the judgment of the accountants who analyze the cost behavior and the cost accounts. On the other hand, the two-point method relies on statistical methods and involves regression analysis. Examples: Account Analysis Method: The utility cost for a retail store was $1,200 when 600 units of goods were sold, and $1,350 when 700 units were sold. Find the fixed and variable costs using the account analysis method. Two-Point Method: The total cost of producing 500 units of products is $25,000. The total cost of producing 1000 units is $45,000. Determine the fixed and variable costs per unit using the two-point method.Q3:Journal entries for Job Costing: When raw materials are received: Raw Material Inventory [debit] Purchase Inventory [credit], When raw materials are sent to the factory floor: Work-in-Progress Inventory [debit] Raw Material Inventory [credit] When labor costs are incurred: Work-in-Progress Inventory [debit] Salaries and Wages Expense [credit] When a job is completed: Finished Goods Inventory [debit]Work-in-Progress Inventory [credit]When a job is shipped to a customer: Accounts Receivable [debit]Sales [credit].
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The following information is available for the first two years of operations for Lafac, Inc.:
Year Earnings before Tax
2021 $1,200,000
2022 1,430,000
a. On July 1, 2021, the company received a rental income payment of $153,000 which covers 24 months. The unearned rent revenue portion is properly recorded on the books and the full amount is appropriately recognized in taxable income for the year ending December 31, 2021.
b. The company has chosen to depreciate all of its fixed assets on an accelerated basis for tax purposes but on a straight-line basis for accounting purposes. The excess tax depreciation over book depreciation is 220,000 and will reverse equally over a two-year period, 2022-2023.
c. In 2021, Lafac insured the lives of its chief executives. The premiums of $24,000 are paid annually and included as an expense on the income statement.
d. In 2021 the gross profit on the books was $320,000. For tax purposes the company uses the installment method recording $80,000 in 2021 and will record $130,000 in 2021 and $1100,000 in 2022.
e. Product warranty expense accrued for financial reporting was $65,000 in 2021. Actual warranties paid and deducted on the tax returns was $20,000 in 2021. The remainder will be paid $35,000 in 2022 and $10,000 in 2023.
f. Lafac, Inc. paid a $7,500 fine in 2022 for violating pollution laws.
g. Lafac Inc. earns interest on Massachusetts tax-exempt state bonds in the amounts of $36,000 each year in 2021, 2022 and 2023. The enacted tax rates existing for December 31, 2021 are 30% for 2021 and 34% for 2022 and thereafter.
Required
a. Show how the deferred income taxes should be reported on the Balance Sheet at December 31, 2021.
b. Show how the taxes should be reported on the Income Statement at December 31, 2021. d.
Repeat a. to b. above for 2022.
At December 31, 2021, Lafac, Inc. should report deferred income taxes of $66,000 as a liability on the balance sheet. On the income statement, they should report income tax expense of $384,000 for the year.
Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax reporting of certain items. In this case, the unearned rent revenue creates a temporary difference because it is recognized in taxable income in 2021 but not yet earned for financial reporting purposes. The deferred tax liability is calculated by multiplying the tax rate (30%) by the unearned rent revenue ($153,000) to get $45,900.
The excess tax depreciation over book depreciation also creates a temporary difference. The excess amount of $220,000 will reverse equally over two years, so for 2021, the reversal is $110,000. This results in a deferred tax liability of $33,000, calculated by multiplying the tax rate by the reversal amount.
The total deferred income tax liability at December 31, 2021 is $78,900 ($45,900 + $33,000). However, since the company already recognized $12,900 of deferred tax expense on the income statement, the net deferred income tax liability to be reported on the balance sheet is $66,000 ($78,900 - $12,900).
On the income statement, the income tax expense for the year is calculated by adding the current tax expense ($384,000) and the change in deferred tax liability ($12,900), resulting in a total tax expense of $396,900.
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The company incurs employee salaries of $23,000 for the last week of December which will be paid on January 5 th. 13. Record the adjusting entry on December 31
′′
related to the employee salaries 14. $ Indicate by how much net income in the income statement is higher or lower if the adjustment in #13 is not recorded (if lower put "-" in front of your answer).
Recording the adjusting entry on December 31 incurred but not yet paid, the following entry would be made:Date: Salary Expense 23,000and Accrued Salaries Payable 23,000
Salary Expense is debited for the amount of employee salaries incurred during the last week of December.
Accrued Salaries Payable is credited for the same amount, representing the liability for unpaid salaries at the end of the accounting period.
Regarding question 14, if the adjustment in #13 is not recorded, the net income in the income statement would be higher by $23,000. This is because the salary expense of $23,000 would not be recognized, resulting in a lower expense and higher net income.
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vteps, inc. currently sells an educational product and is able to control the demand for the product by varying the selling price. the approximate relationship between price and demand is p
VTEPS, Inc. has observed a relationship between the selling price of its educational product and the corresponding demand. As the selling price varies, it affects the level of demand for the product. The approximate relationship between price and demand can be described as follows:
As the selling price increases, the demand for the educational product tends to decrease. Conversely, when the selling price decreases, the demand for the product tends to increase. This suggests an inverse relationship between price and demand, where higher prices result in lower demand and lower prices lead to higher demand.
It is important to note that the relationship between price and demand may not be a perfect one-to-one correlation. Other factors, such as competitors' pricing, consumer preferences, marketing efforts, and economic conditions, can also influence the demand for the educational product. VTEPS, Inc. can utilize this understanding of the price-demand relationship to optimize its pricing strategy and maximize profitability.
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A craze for apples in riverdale increases the quantity demanded at every price by five bushels. between any two prices, the new demand curve will be ____ the old demand curve.
The new demand curve will be less inelastic the old demand curve.
What will happen to the new demand curve?
Price elasticity of demand measures how the quantity demanded of a good changes when there is a change in the price of a good.
Price elasticity of demand = percentage change in quantity demanded / percentage change in price
Demand is inelastic when the coefficient of elasticity is less than 1. It means that consumers are less sensitive to prices. Demand is elastic when the coefficient of elasticity is greater than 1. It means that consumers are more sensitive to prices.
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a company had net income of $151,200, net sales of $1,188,000, and average total assets of $720,000. its total asset turnover and return on total assets were, respectively:
The company had a total asset turnover of 1.65, indicating efficient utilization of assets, and a return on total assets of 21%, reflecting its profitability relative to its asset base.
To calculate the total asset turnover and return on total assets, we need to use the given information:
Net Income = $151,200
Net Sales = $1,188,000
Average Total Assets = $720,000
Total Asset Turnover is a measure of how efficiently a company utilizes its assets to generate sales.
It is calculated by dividing Net Sales by Average Total Assets.
Total Asset Turnover = Net Sales / Average Total Assets
Substituting the given values, we have:
Total Asset Turnover = $1,188,000 / $720,000
Simplifying the calculation, we find:
Total Asset Turnover = 1.65
Return on Total Assets (ROTA) is a profitability ratio that measures the company's ability to generate profit from its assets.
It is calculated by dividing Net Income by Average Total Assets.
Return on Total Assets = Net Income / Average Total Assets
Substituting the given values, we have:
Return on Total Assets = $151,200 / $720,000
Simplifying the calculation, we find:
Return on Total Assets = 0.21 or 21%
Therefore, the company's total asset turnover is 1.65, indicating that it generated $1.65 of sales for every dollar of average total assets.
This suggests that the company efficiently utilized its assets to generate revenue.
The return on total assets is 21%, indicating that the company earned a profit of 21 cents for every dollar of average total assets.
This measure assesses the company's profitability and indicates its ability to generate a return from its asset base.
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you bought 1,000 shares of oracle stock last year for $200, you recieved a $10 per share dividend during the year and current proce of the stock is $220. What is the capital gains yield on your investment?
The capital gains yield on your investment in Oracle stock is 10%.
To calculate the capital gains yield on your investment in Oracle stock, you need to consider the change in the stock price and the initial investment.
Initial investment: 1,000 shares * $200 per share = $200,000
Current value of investment: 1,000 shares * $220 per share = $220,000
Capital gains = Current value of investment - Initial investment
Capital gains = $220,000 - $200,000 = $20,000
Capital gains yield = (Capital gains / Initial investment) * 100%
Capital gains yield = ($20,000 / $200,000) * 100%
Capital gains yield = 10%
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Focusing on the EV (electric vehicles) market, explain how the following five events attect the dernand or the supply side of the EV cars. Drawing diagrams, explain, In one sentence, what happens to the equilibrium price and quantity of EV cars in each of these cases. (10 points) a. Price of cobalt (used in batteries for electric cars) rises b. Per-capita income rises c. Price of gas rises d. Application of advanced technology in EV production fowers the cost of EV production e. Because of the zero-carbon emission goal, the government subsidizes EV car production. 2. Briotly distinguish between economic elects of price ceiling and price floor. ( 5 points)
The effects of price floors are as follows: it leads to a surplus of the product; it increases the supply; it decreases the demand; it encourages suppliers to produce more of the good.
a. Price of cobalt (used in batteries for electric cars) rises:
It will increase the cost of production of electric cars and will lead to an increase in their prices. Thus, the supply curve will shift to the left resulting in a decrease in the quantity demanded while the equilibrium price increases.
b. Per-capita income rises:
An increase in per-capita income will lead to an increase in the demand for electric cars. Thus, the demand curve will shift to the right resulting in an increase in the equilibrium price and quantity.
c. Price of gas rises:
An increase in the price of gas will lead to an increase in the demand for electric cars. Thus, the demand curve will shift to the right resulting in an increase in the equilibrium price and quantity.
d. Application of advanced technology in EV production lowers the cost of EV production:
Lowering of cost of production of EVs will lead to an increase in supply resulting in an increase in the quantity demanded while the equilibrium price decreases.
e. Because of the zero-carbon emission goal, the government subsidizes EV car production:
Subsidization of EV car production will lower the cost of production of EVs, leading to an increase in supply, resulting in an increase in quantity demanded while the equilibrium price decreases.
Economic effects of price ceiling and price floor:
Price ceiling is the maximum price set by the government below the market equilibrium price to make it affordable for consumers. Price floor is the minimum price set by the government above the market equilibrium price to ensure that producers get a fair price for their products.
The effects of price ceilings are as follows:
it leads to a shortage of the product; it decreases the supply; it increases the demand; it discourages suppliers from producing more of the good.
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Diogo has a utality function. U(q
1
,q
2
)=q
1
0.2
q
2
0.8
where q
1
is chocolate candy and q
2
is slices of pie. If the price of slices of pie, P
2
, is $5.00, the price of chocolate candy, P
1
, is $10.00, and income, Y, is $100, what is Diogo's optimal bundle? The optimal value of good q
1
is q
1
= units. (Enter your response rounded to two decimal places.) The optimal value of good q
2
is q
2
= units. (Enter your response rounded to fwo decimal places.)
The optimal bundle for Diogo is q1 ≈ 6.67 units of chocolate candy and [tex]q2 ≈ 6.67[/tex] units of slices of pie. To find Diogo's optimal bundle, we need to maximize his utility function [tex]U(q1, q2) = q10.2 * q20.8[/tex], subject to the given prices and income.
First, we calculate the marginal utility of q1 and q2. The marginal utility of q1 (MU1) is equal to[tex]0.2 * q10.2 * q20.8 / q1[/tex], and the marginal utility of q2 (MU2) is equal to [tex]0.8 * q10.2 * q20.8 / q2.[/tex]
To maximize Diogo's utility, we set the ratio of MU1 to MU2 equal to the price ratio [tex](P1/P2)[/tex]:
[tex]MU1 / MU2 = P1 / P2[/tex]
[tex]0.2 * q10.2 * q20.8 / q1 / (0.8 * q10.2 * q20.8 / q2) = 10 / 5[/tex]
Simplifying the equation, we get:
[tex]2 * q2 / q1 = 2q2 / q1 \\= 1[/tex]
Now, we use the budget constraint:
[tex]P1 * q1 + P2 * q2 = Y10 * q1 + 5 * q2 \\= 100[/tex]
Using the ratio [tex]q2 / q1 = 1[/tex], we can substitute q1 with q2 in the budget constraint:
[tex]10 * q2 + 5 * q2 = 100\\15 * q2 = 100q2 = 100 / 15[/tex]
[tex]q2 ≈ 6.67[/tex]
Since q2 is the optimal value for good q2, we can substitute q2 back into the ratio [tex]q2 / q1 = 1[/tex]:
[tex]6.67 / q1 = 1q1 = 6.67[/tex]
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Thomson Trucking has $18 billion in assets, and its tax rate is 25%. Its basic earning power (BEP) ratio is 18%, and its return on assets (ROA) is 4.25%. What is its times-interest- earned (TIE) ratio? Round your answer to two decimal places.
Thomson Trucking's TIE ratio is approximately 5.65. To calculate the times-interest-earned (TIE) ratio.
We need to use the formula TIE = (EBIT / Interest Expense), where EBIT is the earnings before interest and taxes.
Given that Thomson Trucking's basic earning power (BEP) ratio is 18%, we can calculate EBIT using the formula EBIT = BEP * Total Assets.
First, convert the BEP ratio to a decimal by dividing it by 100: BEP = 18 / 100 = 0.18.
Next, calculate EBIT: EBIT = 0.18 * $18 billion = $3.24 billion.
Since the return on assets (ROA) is 4.25%, we can calculate Net Income using the formula Net Income = ROA * Total Assets.
Convert the ROA ratio to a decimal: ROA = 4.25 / 100 = 0.0425.
Calculate Net Income: Net Income = 0.0425 * $18 billion = $765 million.
Given that the tax rate is 25%, we can calculate the Interest Expense using the formula Interest Expense = Net Income * (1 - Tax Rate).
Convert the tax rate to a decimal: Tax Rate = 25 / 100 = 0.25.
Calculate Interest Expense: Interest Expense = $765 million * (1 - 0.25) = $573.75 million.
Finally, we can calculate the TIE ratio using the formula TIE = EBIT / Interest Expense.
TIE = $3.24 billion / $573.75 million ≈ 5.65.
Rounding the TIE ratio to two decimal places, Thomson Trucking's TIE ratio is approximately 5.65.
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