All the above characters combined can produce an estimate of phylogeny.
Phylogenetic trees represent hypotheses about the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms. A phylogenetic tree may be built using morphological (body shape), biochemical, behavioral, or molecular features of species or other groups. In building a tree, we organize species into nested groups based on shared derived traits (traits different from those of the group's ancestor). A phylogenetic tree may be built using morphological (body shape), biochemical, behavioral, or molecular features of species or other groups. In building a tree, we organize species into nested groups based on shared derived traits (traits different from those of the group's ancestor). The methods of constructing phylogenetic trees include the distance-based methods, parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods . The data used in reconstruction of a DNA-based phylogenetic tree are obtained by comparing nucleotide sequences
Learn more about Phylogeny here:
https://brainly.com/question/1620210
#SPJ4
the ________ region describes where the navel is found.
Answer:
Umbilical
Explanation:
I hope this helps... :)
Place the labels on the figure to designate the correct developmental sequence of erythrocytes.a. Hemocytoblastb. Proerythroblastc. Early erythroblastd. Late erythroblaste. Normoblastf. Reticulocyte
The stages for the erythrocyte are rubriblast, prorubriblast, lubricate, and metarubricye. At long last, the stages can likewise be named by the advancement of the normoblast stage. The correct option(G).
This gives the stages of pronormoblast, early normoblast, middle-of-the-road normoblast, late normoblast, and polychromatic cell.
Seven cell lines emerge from hemocytoblast, which by the activity of development factors form antecedents of the different platelets. From hemocytoblast, proerythroblast, myeloblast, lymphoblast, monoblast, and megakaryoblast are shaped.
Red platelets are minuscule and have the state of a level circle or donut, which is round with a space in the middle, however, it isn't empty. Red platelets don't have a core like white platelets, permitting them to change shape and move all through your body more straightforwardly.
To learn more about erythrocytes here
https://brainly.com/question/12529813
#SPJ4
Q-Place the labels on the figure to designate the correct developmental sequence of erythrocytes.
A. Hemocytoblast
B. Proerythroblast
C. Early erythroblast
D. Late erythroblast
E. Normoblast
F. Reticulocyte
G. Erythrocyte
describe how the immune system defends the body against diseases
Answer:
The acquired immune system, with help from the innate system, makes special proteins (called antibodies) to protect your body from a specific invader. These antibodies are developed by cells called B lymphocytes after the body has been exposed to the invader. The antibodies stay in your child's body.
After a sensory receptor is stimulated and sensory impulses travel to the brain, the brain becomes aware of the stimulus. This is called __________.
When other areas of the brain interpret the incoming sensory impulses, the process of __________ has occurred.
After a sensory receptor is stimulated and sensory impulses travel to the brain, the brain becomes aware of the stimulus. This is called sensation. When other areas of the brain interpret the incoming sensory impulses, the process of perception has occurred.
Sensation refers to the process by which sensory information is detected by sensory receptor and transmitted to the brain for processing. This involves the conversion of physical stimuli, such as light or sound waves, into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. Perception, on the other hand, refers to the process by which the brain interprets and organizes sensory receptor in order to make sense of the world around us. This involves the integration and interpretation of sensory information by various areas of the brain, including the primary sensory cortex and higher-order brain regions. Together, sensation and perception are the processes by which we detect, interpret, and make sense of the world around us.
Learn more about sensory receptor here:
https://brainly.com/question/25753221
#SPJ4
in appositional growth, chondrocytes within cartilage divide and secrete new matrix. true/false
True. Appositional growth is a process of cartilage growth where chondrocytes, the cells responsible for producing and maintaining the cartilage matrix, divide and secrete new matrix.
This is in contrast to interstitial growth, which involves the chondrocytes within the existing cartilage matrix dividing and producing new matrix.
During appositional growth, chondrocytes in the outer layer of cartilage, called the perichondrium, divide and secrete new matrix on the surface of the cartilage. This process leads to an increase in cartilage thickness and is important for the growth and maintenance of bones, joints, and other tissues that require cartilage for support and movement.
Appositional growth can also occur in other tissues, such as bone, where it contributes to bone remodeling and repair. In bone, the process involves the activity of osteoblasts, cells responsible for producing new bone matrix, and occurs on the surface of existing bone tissue.
In summary, appositional growth is a process of tissue growth where cells divide and secrete new matrix on the surface of existing tissue, and chondrocytes in cartilage are an example of cells that can carry out this process.
Learn more about cartilage here:
brainly.com/question/13256774
#SPJ4
Which statement describes plant-like protists?
Answer:
Algae are plant-like protists
Explanation:
Plant-like protists are called algae. They include single-celled diatoms and multicellular seaweed. Like plants, algae contain chlorophyll and make food by photosynthesis. Types of algae include red and green algae, euglenids, and dinoflagellates.
what are three inflammatory mediators released by basophils and mast cells? multiple select question. histamine hypochlorite leukotriene heparin histaminase
The three inflammatory mediators released by basophils and mast cells are Histamine, Leukotriene and Heparin.
Basophils and mast cells are two types of white blood cells that help the body's immune system respond to infection and injury. In response to pathogens, allergens, or other triggers, they release inflammatory mediators, which can cause inflammation and other immune responses. Histamine, leukotrienes, and heparin are three of the most important inflammatory mediators released by basophils and mast cells.
Histamine is a small molecule that plays an important role in inflammation. It is stored in basophil and mast cell granules and is released in response to various stimuli such as physical injury or allergen exposure. Histamine causes blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable by acting on various cells in the body. This allows immune cells and fluid to migrate from blood vessels into surrounding tissues, resulting in inflammation. Histamine also causes itching, pain, and other symptoms by acting on nerve endings.
Leukotrienes are a class of lipid molecules produced by basophils and mast cells. They are powerful inflammatory mediators involved in bronchoconstriction, vascular permeability, and the recruitment of other immune cells to the site of inflammation. Leukotrienes play a role in the development of asthma and other allergic and inflammatory diseases.
Heparin is a polysaccharide molecule that mast cells release. It is an anticoagulant that inhibits blood clotting and prevents blood clot formation near sites of inflammation. Heparin also binds to and neutralises inflammatory enzymes such as elastase and tryptase, which are released by neutrophils and mast cells, respectively. Heparin helps to limit the damage caused by inflammation by inhibiting blood clotting and enzyme activity.
Hypochlorite is not a mediator released by basophils and mast cells, and histaminase is an enzyme that breaks down histamine, so it is not a mediator itself.
For more question on inflammatory click on
https://brainly.com/question/12885835
#SPJ4
what ingredients are broken down by enzymes during the modification of barley?
Through the activity of enzymes released from the aleurone layer and perhaps the scutellum during germination, modification refers to the disintegration of cell walls and the conversion of starch to sugars in the endosperm of grains.
The modification of barley is also known as Malting. Malting is a test of practical biochemistry, particularly enzymology. Both the carbohydrate, protein, and nucleic acid molecules stored in barley grains and the fermentation processes carried out by brewing yeasts are not supported by these molecules. Before the yeast can utilize these big and physically complicated molecules, they must first partially or, in some cases, completely breakdown into their constituent sugars, amino acids, and nucleotides. When barley seeds sprout, hydrolytic enzymes are created or transformed into active forms that can quickly break down these heavy substances.
learn more about malting here:
https://brainly.com/question/30628610
#SPJ4
the body stores excess energy from food as ________.
The body stores excess energy from food as fat.
What causes the body to store surplus energy?
If you consume too many calories, your body stores the extra energy as fat or glycogen to utilize later. These substances are stored in your muscles, liver, and fat cells. Your body's fat reserves grow over time when you consistently consume too many calories, which leads to weight gain.
It turns out that storing energy in fat is far more effective. Protein and carbohydrates comprise only 4 calories per gram, compared to roughly 9 for fat. This distinction is considerably more pronounced in live tissue. Very little water is present in tissue-stored fat.
To learn more about fats use:
https://brainly.com/question/1128601
#SPJ1
biology homework inside look of cancer
Most cancer causing agents are "carcinogens," which are substances or agents that are capable of causing cancer.
What are carcinogens?Carcinogens can arise from a variety of sources, including tobacco smoke, specific chemicals, radiation, viruses, and even specific foods. They can also be man-made or naturally occurring.
Carcinogens can damage DNA and result in mutations that give rise to cancer when they enter the body.
The scientists found that two or more important gene alterations are typically required for cancer to develop.
These mutations in a person may result from environmental factors, inherited genes, or accidental DNA copying errors.
Thus, this can be concluded regarding the given scenario.
For more details regarding cancer, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/8590464
#SPJ1
In prokaryotic cells ATP synthase lies across the plasma membrane, while in eukaryotic cells it lies across the_____
In prokaryotic cells ATP synthase lies across the plasma membrane, while in eukaryotic cells it lies across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The cellular membrane is crossed by ATP synthase, which creates an opening through which protons can pass from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration, providing energy for the production of ATP. Cells can store energy in ATP for later use thanks to the electrochemical gradient produced by the electron transport chain.The plasma membrane is where ATP synthase is found in prokaryotic cells, whereas the inner mitochondrial membrane is where it is found in eukaryotic cells. The thylakoid membrane, which is found in the cytoplasm of cyanobacteria and the chloroplast of plants, respectively, is shared by all organisms that are capable of photosynthesis.
To know more about inner mitochondrial membrane. click here:
https://brainly.com/question/14362696
#SPJ4
Match each organism with the correct type of body cavity.
Photograph of a jellyfish emanating a bright white and yellow light in the dark background with few tiny jellyfishes around.
The organism pictured is a jellyfish, which has a gastrovascular cavity. This type of cavity is a simple, single-opening system that functions as both a digestive and circulatory system.
classify each protein example according to its highest level of protein structure.
The greatest level of protein structure may be used to categorise the following protein examples: Insulin is a tiny, globular protein that is kept together by disulfide connections between two polypeptide chains.
The tertiary structure, which is the overall three-dimensional form of the complete protein molecule, is the highest level of protein structure.
Four polypeptide chains and a heme group make up the huge, complex protein known as haemoglobin. The quaternary structure, which is the grouping of numerous polypeptide chains in a certain spatial arrangement, is the highest level of protein structure.
Three polypeptide chains are twisted together to create a triple helix in collagen, a fibrous protein. The quaternary structure, which is the grouping of numerous polypeptide chains in a certain spatial arrangement, is the highest level of protein structure. It is crucial to comprehend the many levels of protein structure since doing so aids in comprehending the behaviour and function of various proteins in living things.
learn more about protein here:
https://brainly.com/question/29776206
#SPJ4
According to their highest degree of protein structure, how would you categorise the following protein examples?
Insulin\sHemoglobin
Collagen
A farmer wants to properly manage her soil to prevent a situation like the Dust Bowl. What is the best way to manage the soil?
remove humus from the soil
allow plants such as grass to root in it
water the soil frequently
frequently dig the soil to get rid of unwanted plants
The best way to manage the soil to prevent a situation like the Dust Bowl is water the soil frequently.
What were 3 causes of the Dust Bowl?
1. Poor farming practices: Farmers used the same land year after year, which depleted nutrients from the soil and caused it to become dry and dusty.
2. Drought: The region experienced a prolonged period of drought from 1931-1939, which drastically reduced the moisture in the soil.
3. Intense winds: The dry soil, combined with the strong winds in the region, created dust storms that spread the dry soil across the country.
The Dust Bowl was caused by a combination of severe drought and poor land management, including over-cultivation and plowing of the Prairies’ native grasses. By regularly watering the soil, the farmer can help retain moisture and prevent it from drying out and becoming vulnerable to wind erosion. Additionally, by allowing plants such as grass to root in it, the farmer can help keep the soil in place and prevent it from blowing away.
Therefore, water the soil frequently is the correct answer.
To learn more about Dust Bowl from the link
https://brainly.com/question/29761987
#SPJ1
Which organelle converts food into usable energy for the cell?a. Mitochondrionb. Chloroplastc. Ribosomed. Nucleus
The organelle that is responsible for converting food into usable energy for the cell is the mitochondrion. So option a is correct.
Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell due to their essential role in producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the molecule that fuels cellular activities.
The mitochondrion is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in almost all eukaryotic cells. It has an outer membrane and an inner membrane, which creates two distinct compartments: the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix. The inner membrane contains a series of enzymes and electron transport chain complexes that work together to generate ATP.
The process of ATP production, also known as cellular respiration, occurs in several stages within the mitochondrion. The first step is glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm outside the mitochondrion. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate, which is then transported into the mitochondrial matrix. In the matrix, pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA, which then enters the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle.
Learn more about mitochondrion at : https://brainly.com/question/17091391
#SPJ4
What are valence electrons?
Answer:
Explanation:
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level (valence shell) of an atom. These electrons are involved in chemical reactions and are responsible for determining an element's chemical properties and behavior.
The number of valence electrons in an atom determines its electron configuration and is related to its reactivity. For example, elements with the same number of valence electrons tend to have similar chemical properties, as they have similar tendencies to bond with other elements or lose or gain electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
In general, elements with a small number of valence electrons tend to be highly reactive, as they are looking to either gain or lose electrons to fill their valence shell and achieve a stable electron configuration. Conversely, elements with a larger number of valence electrons tend to be less reactive, as they are already close to having a full valence shell.
The concept of valence electrons is an important one in chemistry and is used to predict and explain a wide range of chemical reactions.
Question: Positive And Negative Energy Balance A Healthy Weight Can Be Achieved By Increasing Focus On The Importance Of Energy Balance. Determine Whether Each Label Is A Component Of The "Energy Input Or The Energy Output Side Of The Energy Balance Equation Drag The Label To Its Appropriate Classification Energy Input Energy Output Walking With Friends Digesting A
Energy input : digesting of meal, eating a grilled chicken salad.
Energy output : walking with friends, shivering in response to cold( as heat), drinking of wine( increase basal metabolic rate).
What is the relationship between energy input and energy output known as?The ratio of an energy conversion machine's useful output to its input, expressed in energy, is known as energy conversion efficiency (). Chemical, electric power, mechanical work, light (radiation), or heat can be used as inputs or useful outputs.The prevalent climatic conditions, the technique used, and the kind of digestion all affect the energy inputs for anaerobic digestion (thermophilic, mesophilic, etc.). Energy inputs, broadly speaking, comprise the energy equivalents of depreciation on machinery, energy to heat the digestors, and electricity to run the process. Additionally, it might include expenses for gathering, moving, and preparing biomass waste as well as storing gas.
To know more about energy visit:
https://brainly.com/question/1932868
#SPJ1
what is the system that consists of the skin and its accessory organs
The largest organ in the body is the skin. The integumentary system is made up of the skin and its derivatives such as hair, nails, perspiration, and oil glands.
Your body's outermost layer is called the integumentary system. It is composed of your skin, hair, nails, and skin-surface glands and nerves. Your body is shielded from bacteria, infections, injuries, and sunlight by your integumentary system, which also serves as a physical barrier. It also enables you to experience hot and cold skin sensations and helps control your body's temperature. Your body is shielded from injuries and infections that could result from exposure to the outside world by your integumentary system. It serves as the initial line of defence against viruses, bacteria, and other organisms and is your body's armour.
learn more about integumentary system here:
https://brainly.com/question/29179621
#SPJ4
Need this for biology
A community can be defined as
A group of animals related by a common elementWhat is community?A community is a group of people who live in the same area and share common experiences, interests, or characteristics. A community can be defined by geographical location, such as a neighborhood or city, or by social and cultural factors, such as shared interests, religion, or nationality.
Communities provide individuals with a sense of belonging, social support, and a network of shared resources. They also offer opportunities for collaboration, cooperation, and mutual assistance.
There are many different types of communities, including physical communities, online communities, and communities of practice. Physical communities are groups of people who live in the same geographical area, while online communities are groups of people who connect and interact through the internet.
Communities of practice are groups of people who share a common professional or personal interest and come together to share knowledge and experiences.
Learn more about community at:
https://brainly.com/question/2806237
#SPJ1
these glands have ducts and excrete their products onto the surface of the skin or into the lumen of hollow organs.
Exocrine glands have ducts and excrete their products onto the surface of the skin or into the lumen of hollow organs.
Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products, such as hormones, enzymes, and mucus, onto the surface of the skin or into the lumen of hollow organs through ducts. These ducts transport the secretions from the glands to the target site, where they play important roles in maintaining the body's homeostasis and health. Examples of exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, and the glands in the digestive system that secrete digestive enzymes. In contrast, endocrine glands are glands that secrete their products, such as hormones, directly into the bloodstream, where they can be carried to target hollow organ cells and tissues throughout the body. The endocrine system works in conjunction with the nervous system to regulate the body's functions and maintain its homeostasis.
Learn more about hollow organs here:
https://brainly.com/question/1301521
#SPJ4
the difference between the images projected onto each eye is referred to as group of answer choices planar overlap. three-dimensional subtraction. binocular differential. retinal disparity.
The organ that is a part of the visual systems is the eye. Retinal disparity is the difference between both the images that are presented onto each eye. Thus, choice c is the right one.
The definition of retinal disparity is the variation in the image created at the optic centre as a result of the variation in the eye's viewpoint of the object as a result of the object's angle.The organ that is a part of the visual systems is the eye. Retinal disparity is the difference between both the images that are presented onto each eye. Thus, choice c is the right one.
The mismatch in how each eye perceives the object causes an imbalance in the image. As a result, an unrelated image is created. Three-dimensional images are the finest illustration of retinal disparity.
(The difference between the images projected onto each eye is referred to as __.
a. binocular differential
b. planar overlap
c. retinal disparity
d. three-dimensional subtraction)
Learn more about eye
https://brainly.com/question/7601256
#SPJ4
which of the following crop commodities is sometimes thought of as the invisible food product? group of answer choices grains sugar crops oil crops tree fruits
Oil crops. Over the previous 30 years, the increased interest has led to an 82% rise in the area under cultivation for oilseed crops and a roughly 240% increase in global production.
Oilseed crops are mostly grown for food oil. Oilseeds have gained increased attention recently due to a rise in demand for their beneficial vegetable oils, livestock feed, medicines, biofuels, and other oleochemical industrial uses. Therefore, to increase oil output per unit area, sustainable oil production must be combined with biotechnological methods in order to meet the growing global demand. Another strategy that might be used to fulfil this rising demand is the extension of oilseed growing regions. Oilseed crops can be produced sustainably through genetic engineering, and their nutritional value will be improved as well.
Learn more about Oil crops here:
https://brainly.com/question/23637215
#SPJ4
what the order of amino acids in a protein produced by your body?
Sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the amino acid sequence of a protein produced by body. DNA is the ultimate genetic material for cell and it holds all the instructions for the proteins that a cell needs.
What are amino acids?Amino acids are the organic compounds that contain amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although hundreds of amino acids exist in nature, but the most important are alpha-amino acids which comprise proteins. Only 22 alpha amino acids appear in genetic code.
The precise amino acid content, and sequence of those amino acids, of specific protein is determined by the sequence of bases in the gene that encodes that protein.
To know more about amino acids, refer
https://brainly.com/question/2526971
#SPJ1
Note: The question given on the portal is incomplete. Here is the complete question.
Question: What determines the order of amino acids in a protein produced by your body?
what is called neutrophils remove invading microorganisms through a process
Neutrophils remove invading microorganisms through a process called "phagocytosis." Neutrophils are an important part of the innate immune system, which is the body's first line of defense against invading microorganisms.
Phagocytosis is a process in which neutrophils (and other immune cells) engulf and ingest invading microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Once the neutrophil recognizes the presence of an invading pathogen, it extends its pseudopodia to surround and engulf the pathogen, forming a phagosome. The phagosome then fuses with lysosomes, which contain digestive enzymes and other antimicrobial substances that kill and digest the pathogen. They are among the first immune cells to respond to an infection and are capable of rapidly migrating to the site of infection, where they can quickly eliminate the pathogen.
To learn more about Neutrophils here:
https://brainly.com/question/14531154
#SPJ4
when would an infection with the epstein-barr virus have the most influence on the development of multiple sclerosis (ms)?
The risk of both infectious mononucleosis and multiple sclerosis (MS) increases when primary EBV infection occurs after the age of 10 years, when thymic negative selection of autoreactive T cells slows and T helper 1 (TH1) cell-mediated responses approach their peak
What is multiple sclerosis ?The immune system destroys the myelin sheath, a covering that covers and shields the nerves, when someone has MS. Messages travelling down the nerves become slowed down or disturbed as a result of this damaging and scarring the sheath and possibly the underlying nerves.
Multiple sclerosis has an enigmatic origin. The immune system of the body targets its own tissues in what is known as an immunological mediated illness. With MS, this immune system dysfunction eliminates the fatty substance that covers and shields the nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord (myelin).
Learn more about Multiple Sclerosis here:
https://brainly.com/question/11986054
#SPJ4
What is the effect of leptin on the hypothalamus?
The body's fat cells create the hormone leptin. It has a direct effect on the hypothalamus, which is a major part of the brain responsible for regulating hunger, thirst, and other bodily functions.
Leptin works by telling the hypothalamus when a person has eaten enough, thus preventing overeating. It also helps regulate energy balance and metabolism. In addition, leptin affects the production of other hormones, such as cortisol and insulin, which can help control appetite, metabolism, and fat storage.The LEP gene codes for leptin. Many different types of brain and peripheral cell types express leptin receptors. These include dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area and cell receptors in the arcuate and ventromedial nuclei, in addition to other regions of the hypothalamus, which subsequently mediate eating.
learn more about Leptin Refer:brainly.com/question/21052241
#SPJ4
these glands have ducts and excrete their products onto the surface of the skin or into the lumen of hollow organs.
Exocrine organs have conduits and discharge their items onto the outer layer of the skin or into the lumen of hollow organs. The correct option(B).
Exocrine organs are organs that discharge their items, like chemicals, catalysts, and bodily fluid, onto the outer layer of the skin or into the lumen of empty organs through conduits. These conduits transport the discharges from the organs to the objective site, where they assume significant parts in keeping up with the body's homeostasis and well-being. Instances of exocrine organs incorporate perspiration organs, salivary organs, and the organs in the stomach-related framework that discharge stomach-related catalysts. Interestingly, endocrine organs are organs that discharge their items, like chemicals, straightforwardly into the circulatory system, where they can be conveyed to target empty organ cells and tissues all through the body. The endocrine framework works related to the sensory system to control the body's capabilities and keep up with its homeostasis.
Learn more about hollow organs here:
brainly.com/question/1301521
#SPJ4
Q-These glands have ducts and excrete their products onto the surface of the skin or into the lumen of hollow organs.
A. Elastic
B. exocrine
C. Dendtrite
D. hyaline cartilage
the lipopolysaccharide molecule is an important component of the cell membranes of which organisms?
The lipopolysaccharide molecule is an important component of the cell membranes of gram-negative bacteria.
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are significant components of gram-negative bacteria's outer membrane. They are huge amphipathic glycoconjugates composed of a hydrophobic lipid domain linked to a core oligosaccharide and a distal polysaccharide. Because of the inclusion of lipid and sugar molecules, these compounds are also known as lipoglycans.
The lipid is A component differs from organism to organism and is critical in giving distinct harmful characteristics to bacteria. LPS, which is found in gram-negative bacteria, provides cell integrity as well as a way for the bacteria to interface with other surfaces.
Most bacterial LPS molecules are thermostable and cause a strong pro-inflammatory response in mammals' immune systems. Because distinct kinds of LPS are found in different gram-negative bacteria genera, LPS is used to serotype gram-negative bacteria.
More precisely, the O-antigen distinguishes the bacterial species serologically. Furthermore, the size and content of LPS vary greatly amongst bacterial species.
Because of its distinct features, LPS has attracted extensive scientific attention in order to better understand its complicated structure, biogenesis, transport, and assembly. Furthermore, LPS is a known biomarker due to its essential function in host-pathogen contact, which favors infection.
Learn more about lipopolysaccharide at https://brainly.com/question/13022272
#SPJ4
Why do we only see Neanderthal input in non-African genomes?Neanderthals never interbred with Homo sapiens in Africa.Only Y chromosome DNA can be transmitted from Neanderthal genomes.Neanderthals were adapted to a cold European climate.Only mtDNA can be transmitted from Neanderthal genomes.
The reason we only see Neanderthal input in non-African genomes is because Neanderthals and Homo sapiens did not interbreed in Africa, so Neanderthal DNA did not enter the African gene pool.
Neanderthals lived in Europe and western Asia, so they only interbred with Homo sapiens who migrated out of Africa and into these regions tens of thousands of years ago. As a result, modern human populations in Europe and Asia have inherited some Neanderthal DNA through interbreeding.
It is also worth noting that only a small percentage of the human genome is composed of Neanderthal DNA, indicating that interbreeding between the two groups was likely limited.Neanderthals were a closely related species to Homo sapiens, and there is evidence that the two groups interbred in the past. However, the only Neanderthal genetic material that is found in the genomes of modern humans is from populations outside of Africa. This is likely due to the fact that Homo sapiens evolved in Africa and did not encounter Neanderthals until they migrated into Europe and Asia.
Learn more about Neanderthal interbreeding here:
https://brainly.com/question/10994316
#SPJ4
Which kind of electrical charge atom of a polar water molecule?
A negative charge exists because a covalent bond with hydrogen is the kind of electrical charge atom of a polar water molecule.
Water is a polar molecule due to the difference in electronegativity between the oxygen atom and the hydrogen atoms. The oxygen atom has a higher electronegativity than the hydrogen atoms, which creates a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms. This is due to the sharing of electrons in a covalent bond between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms, rather than the formation of an ionic bond. So, the negative charge found on the oxygen atom in a water molecule is due to the covalent bond with hydrogen, not an ionic bond.
Therefore the correct answer is A.) a negative charge that exists because of a covalent bond with hydrogen.
The complete question is:-
Which kind of electrical charge is found on the oxygen atom of a polar water molecule?
A.) a negative charge that exists because of a covalent bond with hydrogen
B.) a negative charge that exists because of an ionic bond with hydrogen
C.) a positive charge that exists because of a covalent bond with hydrogen
D.) a positive charge that exists because of an ionic bond with hydrogen
To learn more about atom, refer:-
https://brainly.com/question/1566330
#SPJ4
