teratogens have their largest structural effects during the embryonic period primarily because this is the time when the unborn baby is

The presence of oxygen is not required for the process of formation of coal.

Coal forms over millions of years through coalification, mainly from the remains of deceased organisms, notably dead vegetation, undergoing transformation into a fossil fuel with high carbon content.

Through the coalification process, the organic matter undergoes high pressure and heat, resulting in the formation of coal. In fact, The presence of oxygen is not required in coalification but it is the absence of oxygen that helps in preserving and transforming the organic matter into coal.

Therefore, the presence of oxygen is not required for the coal formation.

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Since we cannot have a fraction of a plant, we would need to examine at least 7 offspring plants to achieve this level of confidence.

To determine the number of offspring plants that need to be examined to be confident at the 1% level that the r plant is actually rr, we can use a statistical test called a chi-square test. This test compares the observed data with the expected data based on the assumption of a specific genetic ratio.

In this case, we are crossing plants with genotypes r (round) and rr (wrinkled). The expected genetic ratio for this cross is 1:1 if the r plant is actually rr. We want to be confident at the 1% level, which means that there is only a 1% chance of observing a deviation from the expected ratio due to random chance.

To determine the sample size needed, we can perform a chi-square test with a significance level of 0.01 (1%). The chi-square test will provide a critical value that indicates the maximum allowable deviation from the expected ratio.

The formula to calculate the critical chi-square value is:

χ²_critical = χ²_(α, df)

where α is the significance level (0.01) and df is the degrees of freedom, which is equal to the number of categories minus 1.

In this case, there are 2 categories (r and rr), so df = 2 - 1 = 1.

Using a chi-square table or a statistical software, we can find that the critical chi-square value at α = 0.01 with 1 degree of freedom is approximately 6.635.

Once we have the critical chi-square value, we can use it to calculate the required sample size using the formula:

n = (χ²_critical * (p1 * p2)) / ((p1 - p2)²)

where p1 and p2 are the expected proportions for each category. In this case, since we expect a 1:1 ratio, p1 = p2 = 0.5.

Plugging in the values, we have:

n = (6.635 * (0.5 * 0.5)) / ((0.5 - 0.5)²) = (6.635 * 0.25) / (0.25) = 6.635

Therefore, the number of offspring plants that need to be examined to be confident at the 1% level that the r plant is actually rr is approximately 6.635. Since we cannot have a fraction of a plant, we would need to examine at least 7 offspring plants to achieve this level of confidence.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Diploid cells

Answer:

1 True

2 False

3 False

4 True

5 False

Answer:

B) plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis from sunlight

Explanation:

The true statement about photosynthesis is that "plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis from sunlight"

PHOTOSYNTHESIS:

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Answer:

strong acid

Explanation:

i just got it right on edu 2020

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Carla is using a fertilizer that contains nitric acid, which is classified as strong acid. The correct option is A.

Strong acids dissociate completely or nearly completely in water, whereas weak acids dissociate only partially when dissolved in water.

An acid or base that conducts electricity strongly contains a large number of ions and is referred to as a strong acid or base, whereas an acid or base that conducts electricity only weakly contains only a few ions and is referred to as a weak acid or base.

When dissolved in water, an equilibrium between the concentrations of the weak acid and its constituent ions is established. The following are some common examples of weak acids.

Hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, perchloric acid, and chloric acid are examples of strong acids.

Thus, the correct option is A.

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The example of a nucleotide is shown below. It contains a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base. Ribose and adenine nucleotide are among the response options.

The nucleotide is the first of the building blocks that make up DNA and RNA. A nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar molecule, and a phosphate group are the three main components of a nucleotide. The nitrogenous base, which comes in four different types (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine), is linked to the sugar molecule (either ribose or deoxyribose).

The nucleotide's phosphate group is connected to the sugar's 5' carbon atom. The following is an example of a nucleotide: image from here.DNA and RNA nucleotides differ in their chemical makeup as well as the nitrogenous bases they include.

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Answer:

heavier elements are formed

Explanation:

Remember, when a series of processes (fusion of elements) occurs in a star, it would result in a huge explosion that leads to the death of the star, forming what is called a supernova.

The supernova then forms heavier elements that are released into space as a result of the extreme heat and turmoil.

The body fluid regulation in the human body is maintained to ensure that there is a stable amount of fluids in the body. There are various ways of regulating body fluids in the human body, including the movement of water in and out of cells, pumping sodium out of cells and potassium into cells, signaling the thirst mechanism, etc. Therefore,  decreasing urine output from the kidneys is an exception.

All of the above-mentioned methods contribute to regulating the fluid balance in the human body. The sodium-potassium pump is a fundamental process that helps in regulating the fluid balance in the body by ensuring that there is a proper balance of ions within and outside the cells. This pump ensures that there is a steady concentration of sodium and potassium ions in the cells and in the extracellular fluid and helps maintain the osmotic balance in the body.

The thirst mechanism is a physiological response that contributes to fluid regulation in the body. The thirst mechanism is triggered when the body senses that there is a decrease in the water content in the body. This mechanism causes an individual to feel thirsty, prompting them to drink more water and rehydrate their body. However, decreasing urine output from the kidneys is not a method of regulating fluid balance in the body.

On the contrary, the kidneys play a crucial role in regulating fluid balance in the body by filtering out excess fluids and waste products from the blood. Hence, "by decreasing urine output from the kidneys" is the exception among the listed options.

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Answer:

new cells come only from existing

The vast array of different finch beaks on the Galapagos Islands is an example of adaptive evolution.

The beak morphology of the finches on the Galapagos Islands is highly diverse and has adapted to different ecological niches and food sources available on each island.

This variation in beak size, shape, and strength is a result of natural selection acting on the finch populations over time. The availability of different types of food and the specific environmental conditions on each island have driven the selection of specific beak traits that are advantageous for survival and reproduction.

For example, finches with larger, stronger beaks may be better equipped to crack open hard seeds, while finches with smaller, more delicate beaks may be more efficient at capturing insects or feeding on soft fruits.

As a result, finches with beak traits that are well-suited to their respective environments have a higher likelihood of surviving and passing on their genes to the next generation. Over time, this adaptive evolution has led to the emergence of different finch species with distinct beak morphologies on the Galapagos Islands.

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Answer:

B. Providing the building instructions for living things

Explanation:

The function of protein macromolecules is that they provide the building instructions for living organims.

Proteins are also polypetides.

Answer:

Explanation:

There are several types of ribonucleic acid, or RNA, but most RNA falls into one of three categories.

mRNA or Messenger RNA

mRNA transcribes the genetic code from DNA into a form that can be read and used to make proteins. mRNA carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell.

rRNA or Ribosomal RNA

rRNA is located in the cytoplasm of a cell, where ribosomes are found. rRNA directs the translation of mRNA into proteins.

tRNA or Transfer RNA

Like rRNA, tRNA is located in the cellular cytoplasm and is involved in protein synthesis. Transfer RNA brings or transfers amino acids to the ribosome that corresponds to each three-nucleotide codon of rRNA. The amino acids then can be joined together and processed to make polypeptides and proteins.

Based on the given options, option B seems to be the most plausible answer for the second question, but a definitive answer cannot be provided without more specific information about the decision tree.

Node 2: Without knowing the specific context or content of node 2, it is not possible to determine whether it represents the optimal solution, a state of nature, an alternative, or a non-optimal solution. The interpretation of node 2 depends on the specific decision tree and the labels assigned to its nodes.

Decision Tree: The structure of a decision tree typically consists of nodes representing decisions or alternatives, and nodes representing states of nature or outcomes. Based on the given options, it is likely that the decision tree has three alternatives (noted as "three payoffs" in option A) and two states of nature (noted as "two alternatives and three states of nature" in option B). However, without more specific information about the decision tree, it is impossible to confirm the exact number of alternatives or states of nature, or the total number of decisions.

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Answer:

b. Two oppositely-charged ions

Explanation:

opposites attract when talking about ions

Answer:

B. Words

Explanation:

I believe this is right!

Charts, colors and pictures do not make sense in the context.

I chose words because the question already includes "phrases" and "ideas," so words would logically make sense with these other 2.

The change in a coefficient of linkage disequilibrium

(D) equal to -0.204 expected to be if the recombination rate is 0.001  is 0.2041.

The formula for the calculation of D is:

D = pAB - pApB, where:

pAB is the frequency of a haplotype containing alleles A and B, pApB is the expected frequency of a haplotype consisting of the frequencies of A and B alleles based on their individual frequencies. The formula for calculating the expected change in D with a recombination rate of r is:

∆D = -rDIn this question,

the value of D = -0.204 and the recombination rate(r) = 0.001.

We can substitute these values into the above equation to obtain the change in D as follows:

∆D = -rD∆D = -0.001 (-0.204)∆D = 0.000204

Hence, the change in D is expected to be 0.2041 (rounded off to four decimal places).

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Answer:

The answer is T

Explanation:

In RNA, however, a base called uracil (U) replaces thymine (T) as the complementary nucleotide to adenine

All living things try to maintain a stable internal environment known as homeostasis.

Homeostasis may be defined as a process through which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment in order to survive and function appropriately. This activity is useful in the regulation of overall balance among all the body systems.

This process of homeostasis illustrates some physical as well as chemical parameters through which living organisms maintain and permit the actual and balanced functions of their numerous components like cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism.

Homeostasis also maintains the heart rate, blood flow, blood pressure, internal temperature, amount of nutrients, level of oxygen in the cells, etc. All the internal activities and state of balance are furnished to living organisms via the major activity of homeostasis.

Therefore, all living things try to maintain a stable internal environment known as homeostasis.

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Answer:

a-c- e are correct answer see table and refer clearly and like me

Answer:

B) eptiheral tissue

Explanation:

this is because they line many things in the body such as the organs and of course cells.

Here are the 3 parts of the cell theory:

1. Cells are the basic building blocks of any living things.

2. Any living thing is composed of more than 2 cells.

3. New cella arise from the old

Answer:

1) All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

2) The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.  

3) All cells come from preexisting cells.

Explanation:

These are the three most important statements to know. These are also the three parts of the cell theory.

Hope this helps!

Trichomonas vaginalis is a protist that causes an STD. Trichomonas vaginalis is a motile, single-celled, parasitic organism that causes trichomoniasis, an STD in females. In males, it can cause urethritis and prostatitis. Trichomonas vaginalis is typically found in the vagina and urethra of infected individuals.

It spreads via sexual contact and can be asymptomatic. Symptoms include vaginal discharge, burning, itching, and painful urination. Trichomonas vaginalis is usually treated with antiprotozoal medications such as metronidazole. Sexual partners of infected individuals should be treated as well to prevent reinfection. Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a parasitic protist called Trichomonas vaginalis.

It's passed through sexual contact and is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Trichomonas vaginalis infection may be asymptomatic in up to 50% of people. Women may experience a frothy, greenish-yellow, fishy-smelling vaginal discharge and vulvar itching or burning. Men may experience urethral discharge or burning during urination. The presence of Trichomonas vaginalis may increase the risk of acquiring other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or HIV.

There is no immunity against trichomoniasis, and infection does not provide protection against future infections. Hence, it is essential to use protective measures like condoms during intercourse.

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Answer:

Rainforest

Explanation:

I have had this question before

1. Dead plants, animal carcasses, compost.

2. You would find plenty of dead leaves and bones on the forest floor, while the desert floor would be very low in organic matter and would contain a higher majority of sand.

3. Organic matter is generally darker when referring to color. This is why the humus layer, or the final stage in the decomposition of organic waste, is black.

4. The soil texture triangle is used to help visualize and understand the meaning behind soil texture names. It tells us specifically what textures soils may be depending on the percentage of sand, silt, and clay in each.

5. The numbers on the side of the triangle relate to the percentage of clay, silt, and sand in the soil.

6. Soil compaction can prevent water drainage, slow microorganism population growth, and suffocate and stunt plants. Air can be brought back to the soil by using an aeration tool, or by introducing burrowing animals and plants with heavy roots. Aeration tools reduce compaction in soil, while rooted plants and burrowing animals create pores that allow air and water to drain into it.

7. (I can't 100% answer this question because it is apart of the reading that I don't have access to but I'll give it a shot) A soil profile is the arrangement of soil horizons that make up the various layers in the soil. We observe and describe soil horizons and soil profiles to help classify and interpret the type and uses of soils.

The possible outcomes of competition between two bird species, A and B, for the same prey can include: a.) Species A and Species B begin to forage in different areas of the habitat.

This outcome is possible as a way for the two species to reduce direct competition by partitioning the available resources. c.) Over time, Species A develops a beak shape adapted for a particular type of prey and Species B develops a beak shape adapted to a different type of prey:

This outcome is known as resource partitioning, where each species adapts to utilize different resources or prey items, reducing competition and promoting coexistence. It's important to note that outcomes b.) and d.) (one species driving the other to extinction) are not necessarily typical outcomes of competition.

While competitive interactions can lead to changes in population sizes, it is less common for one species to completely drive the other to extinction in a habitat. Instead, species often undergo adaptive changes or partition resources to coexist.

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