The conductivity of the solution in a reaction can be used to measure rates of reactions involving?

Answer:

A.) 1:1

Explanation:

You can determine the mole ratio between substances by comparing their coefficients in the balanced equation. Both Cl₂ and Br₂ have coefficients of 1. Therefore, they have a 1 to 1 (1:1) relationship.

If you were comparing the mole ratio of Cl₂ and NaBr, they would have a 1:2 relationship because Cl₂ has a coefficient of 1 and NaBr has a coefficient of 2.

If an aluminum manufacturer does not bear the entire cost of the smoke it emits, it will.

release more smoke than what is socially acceptable.

Smoke is a mixture of airborne gases and particulates released during the combustion or pyrolysis of a substance, along with the amount of air entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass. It is frequently a waste product of fires, such as those caused by stoves, candles, internal combustion engines, oil lamps, and fireplaces, but it can also be used for other purposes, such as fumigation, communication, military defensive and offensive capabilities, cooking, or smoking (tobacco, cannabis, etc.). It is utilized in ceremonies when sage, resin, or incense are burned to create a scent for occult or spiritual purposes. It can also function as a preservative and flavor.

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Answer:

Chemical energy is defined as. the energy which is stored in the bonds of chemical compounds (molecules and atoms).

Explanation:

Chemical energy may be released during a chemical reaction

Answer:

Chemical energy is the energy stored in the chemical bonds of Compound.

It's used during chemical Reactions.

PbCl2 is more soluble in acid as compared to other salts of lead.

Four salts of lead are more soluble in acid solution than water.

[tex]PbS[/tex] ⇒ [tex]Pb^{2+} + S^{2-}[/tex]

[tex]2H^{+} + S^{2-}[/tex]  ⇒ [tex]H_{2}S[/tex]

As [tex]S^{2-}[/tex] ions are removed from the solution by the formation of [tex]H_{2} s[/tex], the solubility of [tex]PbS[/tex] increases in acid solution.

[tex]PbCo_{3}[/tex] ⇒ [tex]Pb^{2+} + Co_{3} ^{2-}[/tex]

[tex]2H^{2+} + Co_{3} ^{2-}[/tex]  ⇒ [tex]H_{2} Co_{3}[/tex]

   As [tex]Co_{3}[/tex] ions are removed from the solution by the formation of [tex]H_{2} Co_{3}[/tex], the solubility of [tex]PbCo_{3}[/tex] increases in acid solution.

[tex]PbCl_{2}[/tex] ⇒ [tex]Pb^{2+} + 2Cl^{-}[/tex]

[tex]2H^{+} + 2Cl^{-}[/tex] ⇒[tex]2HCl[/tex]

As [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] ions are removed from the solution by the formation of HCl, the solubility of [tex]PbCl_{2}[/tex] increases in acid solution.

[tex]PbI_{2}[/tex] ⇒ [tex]Pb^{2+} + 2I^{-}[/tex]

[tex]2H^{+} + 2I^{-}[/tex] ⇒ [tex]2HI[/tex]

As [tex]I^{-}[/tex] are removed from the solution by the formation of [tex]HI[/tex], the solubility of [tex]PbI_{2}[/tex] increases in acid solution.

Thus from above we concluded that all the given salt of lead is more soluble in acid solution than in water.

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[tex]\leadsto[/tex] In what type of bonds do atoms join together because their opposite charges attract each other?

O metallic bonds and ionic bonds

O metallic bonds and covalent bonds

● Ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds ✓

O ionic bonds and covalent bonds

During bonding, the metals tend to lose electrons while the non-metals gain electrons. These ions with opposite charges will attract one another, creating an ionic bond. Similarly, for hydrogen, it is a weak bond that occurs due to the electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.

The type of bond in which atoms join together because their opposite charges attract each other is ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds. The correct option is C.

Ionic bonds are those bonds that are formed by the difference in the electrostatic charge between the molecules. Ex; sodium chloride.

Hydrogen bonds are formed between the hydrogen atom and the atom that are more electronegative than hydrogen.

Metals typically lose electrons during bonding, whereas non-metals typically gain electrons. These ions will be drawn to one another by their opposing charges, forming an ionic connection.

Similar to this, the electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other results in a weak link for hydrogen.

Thus, the correct option is C, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds.

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The weight of the 3 lb roast purchased by the housewife is 1,360.78 grams.

The weight of an object is the force acting on the object due to gravity.

The weight of an object varies from place to place across the globe due to difference in acceleration due to gravity.

1 lb ------------> 453.592 grams

3 lb ------------> ?

= (3 x 453.592)

= 1,360.78 grams

Thus, the weight of the 3 lb roast purchased by the housewife is 1,360.78 grams.

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When the reactants have less enthalpy than the products, then heat energy is given out. That is option A.

An exothermic reaction is a type of reaction in which the energy level of the reactants are higher than that of the product.

It is this discrepancy in the energy levels of both the reactants and products would lead to the generation and release of energy into the surrounding environment.

The enthalpy of exothermic reaction is gotten by the difference between the energy needed to break the bonds of reactants and the energy needed for the formation of products.

Therefore,when the reactants have less enthalpy than the products, then heat energy is given out.

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Answer:

6.4 L

Explanation:

When all other variables are held constant, you can use Boyle's Law to find the missing volume:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

In this equation, "P₁" and "V₁" represent the initial pressure and volume. "P₂" and "V₂" represent the final pressure and volume. You can find the theoretical volume by plugging the given values into the equation and simplifying.

P₁ = 3.2 atm                      P₂ = 1.0 atm

V₁ = 2.0 L                          V₂ = ? L

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂                                                    <----- Boyle's Law

(3.2 atm)(2.0 L) = (1.0 atm)V₂                        <----- Insert values

6.4 = (1.0 atm)V₂                                           <----- Simplify left side

6.4 = V₂                                                        <----- Divide both sides by 1.0

Answer:

6.4L or C on Brainly.

Explanation:

Hydration number is 9

Given:

molar mass of na2so4•nh2o = 304.04 g/mol

To Find:

hydration number 'n'

Solution: hydration number is the number of molecules of water with which an ion can combine in an aqueous solution of given concentration.

Atomic mass of Na = 23g

S = 32g

0 = 16g

H = 1g

Molar mass of the compound is evaluated as:

2(23) +32 + 4(16) + n[2(1) +16] = 304.04

46 +32 +64 +18n = 304.04

142 +18n = 304.04

18n = 304.04 - 142

18n = 162.04

n = 9

So, hydration number is 9

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The number of moles of hydrogen required will be 20 moles.

First, let us look at the balanced equation of the reaction:

[tex]C + 2H_2 --- > CH_4[/tex]

From the above equation, it is obvious that 1 mole of carbon requires 2 moles of hydrogen in order to produce a mole of methane.

In other words, the mole ratio of hydrogen to methane is 2:1. For every 1 mole of methane produced, 2 moles of hydrogen are consumed.

Now, what we want to produce is 10 moles of methane. The amount, in moles of hydrogen required, is calculated by:

                    10 moles x 2 = 20 moles.

Thus, 20 moles of hydrogen would be required to produce 10 moles of methane.

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The concentration of hydroxide ion of a solution with a pH of 8. 25 is 1.77×[tex]10^{6}[/tex] M

Calculation,

The pH of a solution tells us about concentration of the [tex]H^{+[/tex] ion ( proton ) in solution. However, if we know the value of pH , we can calculate pOH with the help of pH and from pOH we can find concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution.

pH + pOH = 14

8. 25 + pOH = 14

pOH = 14 - 8. 25 = 5.75

Since, pH = -㏒[ [tex]H^{+[/tex] ]

Similarly, pOH = -㏒[[tex]OH^{-[/tex] ]

If pOH = 5.75 , that means that -㏒[[tex]OH^{-[/tex] ]  = 5.75 ,which means that,

[[tex]OH^{-[/tex] ]  = [tex]10^{-5.75}[/tex] = 1.77×[tex]10^{6}[/tex].

So, we know that the concentration of the [tex]OH^{-[/tex] ions in the solution with pH of 8.25 is 1.77×[tex]10^{6}[/tex] Molar

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cesium chloride is another chloride that could be used instead of the calcium chloride dihydrate to produce a solid precipitate with aqueous sodium carbonate

A mineral salt called cesium chloride (CsCl) is occasionally ingested or administered intravenously to cancer patients seeking alternative therapies. However, the FDA has not yet approved any cesium chloride products to treat cancer or other disorders.

In isopycnic centrifugation, cesium chloride is a common medical compound used to separate different forms of DNA. It is a reagent used in analytical chemistry to distinguish ions based on the hue and shape of the precipitate.

Cesium chloride is not proven to be effective in treating cancer. As an alternative to chemotherapy for cancer, cesium chloride is pushed. Supporters assert that cesium prevents tumor cells from proliferating by neutralizing the poisons they release.

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A 1. 7 m solution of the acid ha has a ph of 1. 0, then the ka of the acid is 6.25×10^(-3).

The acid dissociation constant is defined as the value which is used to measure the strength of the specific acid in the solution.

Equation for general dissociation of strong or weak acid is

HA ----- (H+) + ( A-)

Ka can be expressed as

Ka = [H+] [A-]/[HA]

where [H+] is the concentration of H+ ions

Now, we will find the value of concentration of H+ ions

pH = -log [H+]

1 = -log[H+]

[H+] = antilog(-1)

[H+] = 0.1

By using ICE table, we find that the concentration of [HA] is

1.7-0.1

= 1.6

By substituting all the values we get,

Ka = 0.1 × 0.1/1.6

= 6.25×10^(-3)

Thus, we find that the Ka value of the given solution is 6.25×10^(-3).

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The maximum number of moles of SO₃ that can be produced by the reaction of 2.0 mol of S with of O₂ will be 2, two moles.

Moles are the quantity of a material in per unit of solution. It is the SI unit of amount of a substance. The moles can be calculated by dividing the molecular weight of an object with the molecular mass of the substance.

The balanced reaction is

2SO₂ +O₂  →2SO₃

The ratio is 2:1

So if 2.0 mol of sulfur will reaction with 1 mole of oxygen there will be 2 moles of SO₃. The reaction clears the moles of SO₃ in the reaction.

Thus, maximum number of moles of SO₃ will be 2.

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The moles are the estimation of the quantities like the molecules and the atoms. There are 7.984 moles of aluminum present in the 2.154 × 10⁻¹ kg substance. Thus, option b is correct.

The moles give the estimation of the smaller entities by the ratio of mass or weight to the molar mass of the substance.

The formula for moles is given as,

Moles = mass ÷ molar mass

Given,

Mass of aluminium = 2.154 × 10⁻¹ kg = 2.154 × 10² gm

Molar mass of Al = 26.9 g/mol

Substituting values above:

Moles = 2.154 × 10² gm ÷ 26.9 g/ mol

= 7.984 mol

Therefore, option. 7.984 moles of aluminum are present.

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Answer:

Al₂O₃ + 6 NaOH -----> 2 Al(OH)₃ + 3 Na₂O

Explanation:

This is a double-displacement reaction. In these reactions, the cation of one compound is swapped with the cation of another.

It is important that the new products have an overall charge of 0. To do this, some compounds must have more than 1 atom of each ion.

1.) Al(OH)₃

-----> Al³⁺ and OH⁻

-----> +3 + (-1) + (-1) + (-1) = 0

2.) Na₂O

-----> Na⁺ and O²⁻

-----> +1 + 1 + (-2) = 0

An equation is balanced when there is an equal amount of each element on both sides of the reaction. If these values are unequal, you can add coefficients to modify the amounts of particular compounds.

The unbalanced equation:

Al₂O₃ + NaOH -----> Al(OH)₃ + Na₂O

Reactants: 2 aluminum, 4 oxygen, 1 sodium, 1 hydrogen

Products: 1 aluminum, 4 oxygen, 2 sodium, 3 hydrogen

The balanced equation:

Al₂O₃ + 6 NaOH -----> 2 Al(OH)₃ + 3 Na₂O

Reactants: 2 aluminum, 9 oxygen, 6 sodium, 6 hydrogen

Products: 2 aluminum, 9 oxygen, 6 sodium, 6 hydrogen

The compound with the highest boiling point is [tex]CH_{3} CH_{2} OH[/tex] .

So, option C is correct one.

The boiling point depend two factors,

The boiling point of ether is less than alcohols because alcohol form hydrogen-bonding .The hydrogen bond is strongest bond. So, ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol has more boiling point than dimethy ether.

The propane molecules have only van-der waals force of attraction, which is weakest force of attraction.So, propane has lowest boiling point.

The molecular mass of ethanol is greater than methaol. So, ethanol has higher boiling point.

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The significant figures will be 1.

As, weight of acetylsalicylic acid = 0. 4 g

We obtain 400 mg when we convert 0.4g of acetylsalicylic acid to mg.

So, 400 milligrams are worth 0.4 grams when converted to grams.

There is just one significant figure because 0 before a decimal is not significant i.e. 4.

The digits of a number that have relevance in relation to the measurement's resolution are known as significant figures. Additionally known as significant figures in chemistry. All experimental measurements are subject to some degree of uncertainity.

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There are 165600 coulombs passed through the solution if 11. 5 A of current was applied for 4. 00 h.

Calculation,

Formula used :

Q = It

Where Q = charge passing through the solution = ?

I = current passed through the solution =  11. 5 A

and ,  t = time = 4. 00 h

Putting the value of current , and  time

Q = 11. 5×4. 00 h =11. 5× 46×3600 A×s = 165600 coulombs

The SI unit of charge is coulombs.

The SI unit of current is ampere.

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The δs∘rxn  for the reaction [tex]2NO(g) + O_{2}[/tex] → [tex]2NO_{2} (g)[/tex] will be -146 J/K.

Entropy would be a measurable physical characteristic and a scientific notion that is frequently connected to a condition of disorder, unpredictability, or uncertainty.

Entropy would be a measurement of the system's unpredictability or disorder. The entropy increases as randomness do. It has broad properties as well as a state function. It has the unit [tex]JK^{-1} mol^{-1}[/tex].

Entropy of the reaction can be calculated by the reaction.

Δ[tex]S^{0} rxn[/tex] = 2 mol × [tex]S^{0} (NO_{2} (g) - 2 mol[/tex] × [tex]S^{0} NO (g)[/tex] - 1 mol × [tex]S^{0} (O_{2} )[/tex]

Δ[tex]S^{0} rxn[/tex]  = 2 mol × 240 J/mol.K - 2 mol × 210 J/mol.K-1 mol  ×205.2 J/mol.K

Δ[tex]S^{0} rxn[/tex]  = -146.8 J/K

Therefore, the δs∘rxn  for the reaction [tex]2NO(g) + O_{2}[/tex] → [tex]2NO_{2} (g)[/tex] will be -146 J/K.

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The sensory neurons within the olfactory organ are stimulated by Chemicals in the air.

Sensory neurons are the neurons that take up the signal from the receptors to the Central Nervous system (CNS)

Olfactory organ is the organ which is capable to sense smell i.e. Olfaction.

The Chemicals present in the air stimulates the sensory neurons present withing the olfactory organ consisting of olfactory epithelium. The cilia present in the epithelium recognizes the chemical present.

The neurons form connections of neuron to the olfactory bulb.

It is a mass of tissue that is round in shape that comprises of several kinds of cells of neurons that are capable to sense smell. It is necessary to sense smell properly.

Odorants are the compound that consist of an odor which get detected by the sensory neurons to carry out olfaction. They activate olfactory receptors and send signals to olfactory bulb.

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Explanation:

metallic conduction:the movement of electrons through a metal, with no changes in the metal and no movement of the metal atoms.

I hope this help uuhh............

The glucose test strip may be used in the determination of the enzymatic activity of lactase

Since measuring the amount of generated glucose shows that the enzymes are actually converting the disaccharide into galactose and glucose, the glucose test strip can be used to determine the enzymatic activity of lactase.

As a byproduct of lactase hydrolysis, glucose serves as a direct indicator of the amount of lactase that has been reacted. Utilizing test strips that gauge the amount of glucose present in the reaction mixture, you can keep an eye on the enzyme activity.

An artificial substrate for lactase is hydrolyzed to extract lactase from dietary supplement tablets, which is then measured using a colorimetric assay (ortho-nitrophenol-beta-D-galactopyranoside, ONPG)

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The order of reaction with respect to a is 4 and with respect to b is 5 for a reaction that obeys the rate law.

The order of reaction is equal sum of power of concentration of the each reactant present in the reaction  that obeys the rate law . The order of individual reactant or species present in the rate law is equal to the power of the of concentration of the respective species or reactant .

Example : If rate law is given as,

rate = k[tex][a]^{4} [b]^{5}[/tex]

The order of reaction with respect to a is 4 and with respect to b is 5 for a reaction that obeys the rate law.

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[tex] \large { \pink { \sf \: ⿻ANSWER⿻}}[/tex]

They are classified on the basis of their physical features- Shape and Appearance.

The four basic shapes of bacteria are Coccus (spherical or ovoid), bacillus (rod-like), vibrio (comma-shaped ), and spirilla (spiral or helical shaped).

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The volume of the balloon at an altitude where the pressure is 530 torr if the temperature remains constant is 4.33 L

Calculation,

According to Boyle law, the pressure of a given quantity of gas varies inversely with its volume at constant temperature.

[tex]P_{1} V_{1} =k[/tex]            .....(i)

[tex]P_{1}[/tex]  is initial pressure =765 torr

[tex]V_{1}[/tex] is initial volume = 3L

k is constant

[tex]P_{2} V_{2} =k[/tex]             ....(ii)

[tex]P_{2}[/tex] is final pressure = 530 torr

[tex]V_{2}[/tex]  is final volume =?

k is constant

Combining equation (i) and (ii). we get,

[tex]P_{1} V_{1} =P_{2} V_{2}[/tex]

765 torr × 3L= [tex]V_{2}[/tex]  ×530 torr

[tex]V_{2}[/tex]   =  765 torr × 3L/530 torr = 4.33 L

Boyle law used during respiration or breathing.

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When mixture of H2PO4- and OH- is allowed to react. The products of the reaction are as follow

H2PO4+ OH--------HPO4(2-)+H2O

In the reaction above H2PO4(2-) is donating the proton to OH Resulting in H2O and the deprotonated species. This makes it a bronsted lowry acid.

According to Bronsted lowry, acid are those which donate proton.

In the given problem, H2PO4- is bronsted lowry acid. So it donate electron to OH- to form water.

Thus, the product formed in the given reaction is water and H2PO4(2-).

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6.9 g of sodium chloride will be produced.

Antoine Lavoisier discovered in 1789 that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions, which led to the formulation of the Law of Conservation of Mass. That is to say, the mass of any one element at the start of a reaction will be equal to that element's mass at the conclusion of the reaction.

The total mass of the reactants and products are equal under the principle of conservation of mass.

                  BaCl₂ + Na₂SO₄ => BaSO₄ + 2NaCl

Molecular weight of BaCl₂ = 137 + 35.5 × 2

                                            = 208 g/mole

Molecular weight of NaCl = 22.99 + 35.45

                                           = 58.44 g/mole

208 g/mol BaCl₂ produces 58.44 g/mole NaCl.

1 g/mol BaCl₂ produces (58.44 / 208) g/mole NaCl.

24.7 g  BaCl₂ produces   (58.44 / 208) × 24.7 g NaCl

                                       = 6.9 g NaCl

Therefore, 6.9g of sodium chloride will be produced.

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Answer:

A shift in the global hydrologic cycle

Explanation:

During cold-climate intervals, known as glacial epochs or ice ages, sea level falls because of a shift in the global hydrologic cycle: water is evaporated from the oceans and stored on the continents as large ice sheets and expanded ice caps, ice fields, and mountain glaciers.

The hydrological cycle of the earth is the sum total of all processes in which water moves from the land and ocean surface to the atmosphere and back in form of precipitation. The hydrological cycle is dependent on various factors and is equally affected by oceans and land surfaces.

The most stable form of naoch2ch3 in ch3ch2oh.

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