the democratic party platform of 1948 was the most progressive in the party's history.
a. true
b. false

The Hopewell people of the Ohio River valley are best known for their large earthworks and trade networks.

The Hopewell people were a pre-Columbian Native American civilization that flourished in the Ohio River valley from around 200 BCE to 500 CE. They are known for constructing large earthworks, including mounds and geometric enclosures, which often served as ceremonial and burial sites.

The Hopewell also had an extensive trade network that spanned across North America, exchanging goods such as copper, shells, and exotic materials like mica and obsidian.

This network allowed for the spread of cultural and artistic practices, including the creation of intricate pottery, jewelry, and figurines. The Hopewell culture declined around 500 CE, possibly due to environmental changes or social disruptions.

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Article 26 of the new Constitution was controversial because it established the principle of "ejido," which was a form of communal land ownership in Mexico.

This article expropriated all land from private ownership and allowed the state to redistribute the land to the people in the form of "ejidos," which were essentially communal landholdings.

The idea behind this was to break up the large estates owned by a few wealthy landowners and distribute the land among the peasants who were working on the land.

The goal was to create a more equal society by providing land and resources to the rural population, who were traditionally disenfranchised and impoverished.

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While Nelson Mandela undoubtedly played a critical role in the struggle against apartheid and the eventual birth of a free and democratic South Africa, it is important to recognize that this was a collective effort that involved numerous individuals and organizations, both within South Africa and beyond its borders. Therefore, it would be more accurate to say that Mandela was a key player in this struggle, rather than single-handedly responsible for its success.

To say that he was single-handedly responsible for this achievement would be a gross oversimplification.
While Mandela's unwavering commitment to the cause of freedom and justice undoubtedly played a significant role in the liberation of South Africa from apartheid, it was a collective effort that involved countless other freedom fighters, activists, and ordinary citizens who fought tirelessly for the same cause. For instance, the African National Congress (ANC), of which Mandela was a member, was a key player in the anti-apartheid struggle, and its members worked tirelessly for decades to bring an end to the oppressive regime.
Moreover, the role played by international organizations, governments, and leaders in exerting pressure on South Africa's apartheid regime cannot be overstated. The imposition of economic sanctions, diplomatic isolation, and the withdrawal of investments from South Africa played a crucial role in weakening the regime's grip on power, making Mandela's eventual release and the subsequent birth of a democratic South Africa possible.
In conclusion, while Nelson Mandela undoubtedly played a critical role in the struggle against apartheid and the eventual birth of a free and democratic South Africa, it is important to recognize that this was a collective effort that involved numerous individuals and organizations, both within South Africa and beyond its borders. Therefore, it would be more accurate to say that Mandela was a key player in this struggle, rather than single-handedly responsible for its success.

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The Marshall Plan, also known as the European Recovery Program, was an initiative started by the United States to help Western Europe recover from the devastation of World War II.

It is challenging to determine whose perspective on the requirements of Western Europe after World War II may be lacking without knowing the precise speech that is being referenced.

However, generally speaking, it is crucial to take into account various viewpoints on historical occurrences and choices, particularly those that had substantial ramifications for various groups of people.

We may recognize the range of experiences and viewpoints of the people involved and develop a more nuanced knowledge of the complexity and nuances of historical events by examining diverse perspectives. There were numerous issues in post-World War II Europe. Various groups of people, including troops, citizens, political leaders, and others, were impacted by the conflict and its aftermath. The needs and objectives of each of these groups may have varied, and their viewpoints might offer insightful information about the potential and difficulties of the  post-war era.

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According to Graham and Harvey's 1999 survey of 392 CFOs (2001), the two capital budgeting methods widely used by firms in the US and Canada are Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR).

These methods help firms make investment decisions and evaluate the profitability of projects. Graham and Harvey's 1999 survey of 392 CFOs found that the two most widely used capital budgeting methods by firms in the US and Canada were the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR).

The Net Present Value method calculates the present value of expected cash inflows and outflows of a project by discounting them to their present values and subtracting the initial investment. If the resulting value is positive, the project is considered profitable and acceptable for investment.

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Salman al-Farsi and Ja'far ibn Abi Talib were two prominent Companions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

Salman al-Farsi, originally from Persia, was a devoted seeker of truth. His spiritual journey led him to various religious traditions before he embraced Islam. As a knowledgeable person, he contributed significantly to the Muslim community, most notably during the Battle of the Trench by suggesting the idea of digging a defensive trench. His wisdom and piety earned him the title "Salman the Good" and he played an active role in the early Islamic state.

Ja'far ibn Abi Talib, a cousin of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), was known for his bravery and eloquence. He was among the first converts to Islam and faced persecution in Mecca. Ja'far migrated to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) with a group of Muslims seeking asylum, where he successfully defended the community in front of the Abyssinian king, securing their protection. Later, he participated in the Battle of Mu'tah, where he demonstrated great valor and was ultimately martyred. Ja'far's leadership and commitment to Islam left a lasting legacy for future generations.

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Kendra is well on her way to being ready for her upcoming marathon with her weekly 22.8 mile runs. However, it's important for her to continue to challenge herself and increase her distance in order to prepare for the full 26.2 miles. To do this, Kendra has decided to increase her distance by 15% next week.

This increase may seem small, but it can make a big difference in Kendra's endurance and overall preparedness for the marathon. Increasing her distance by nearly 3.5 miles will push Kendra out of her comfort zone and force her body to adapt to the new demands placed on it.

To successfully increase her distance, Kendra should focus on gradually increasing her mileage each week leading up to the marathon. She should also be mindful of proper hydration, nutrition, and recovery practices to prevent injury and optimize her training. With dedication and consistency, Kendra will be ready to conquer the marathon come race day.

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The country that was recently bombed by the US and its allies for suspected use of chemical weapons is Syria. In April 2018, the US, France, and the UK launched airstrikes against Syrian government targets in response to a suspected chemical attack on civilians in the town of Douma.

The attack was believed to have been carried out by the Syrian government, which has been accused of using chemical weapons against its own people in the ongoing civil war. The airstrikes were condemned by Russia, Syria's ally, and the Syrian government, which denied any involvement in the chemical attack.

The situation in Syria remains volatile, with ongoing fighting between government forces and opposition groups, as well as the presence of extremist groups such as ISIS.

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The primary reason given by US leaders to justify military involvement in Vietnam was that it would keep communism from spreading throughout the region. Thus, option A is correct.

The domino hypothesis, which postulated that should one country came into the control of Communism, the neighboring nations would certainly follow, was used by the US to justify the use of force in Vietnam.

The domino hypothesis, which postulated that if a particular nation came under the control of Communism, other nations would certainly follow, was used by the US to justify the use of force in Vietnam. The intention was to hinder the Communists from taking over South-East Asia.

Therefore, option A is correct.

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False.

The Magna Carta contains 63 clauses spelling out in dense legalese some of the basic laws of medieval England, not France. It was signed by King John of England in 1215 and is considered a foundational document in the development of modern democracy and human rights.

The Magna Carta established the principle that even a king must obey the law, and it limited the power of the monarchy by asserting the rights of the nobility and the church.

Its principles have influenced legal and political systems around the world.

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Theodore Roosevelt was known as a trustbuster due to his aggressive actions against monopolies and corporate trusts during his presidency, promoting competition and fair markets. Therefore, option b is correct.

Theodore Roosevelt was the 26th President of the United States, serving from 1901 to 1909. He was a progressive leader who championed trust-busting, conservation, and the regulation of big business.

He also played a major role in American foreign policy, particularly in the Caribbean and Latin America. Roosevelt was known for his energetic and charismatic personality, and he was also an accomplished writer and naturalist. He is often considered one of the greatest and most popular presidents in American history.

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The inland area refers to the regions of the country that are located away from the coast and are not directly connected to the sea. These areas may include forests, mountains, and plains, as well as cities and towns.

The inland area of a country is often important for agriculture, industry, and transportation, as it is where many of the country's natural resources are located. Therefore, it is crucial for a country to develop and manage its inland areas effectively in order to ensure sustainable growth and development."Domestic soil" is a term used to refer to the land and territory that belongs to a country, under its jurisdiction and control.

This term is often used in the context of international law, where it is important to distinguish between a country's domestic soil and foreign territory." Inland area" refers to the parts of a country that are located away from the coast or the border with another country. This term is often used to describe areas that are not easily accessible by sea or where the population is predominantly located away from the coastline.

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When the alliance with France was formalized, the Americans were able to gain access to large sums of money, double the size of their fighting forces, and avail themselves of French naval strength, and immense amounts of equipment. So, the correct answer is option E.

The alliance with France was a significant turning point in the American Revolution. It provided the Americans with much-needed support, which they lacked before. The French alliance helped the Americans in several ways. Firstly, they were able to gain access to large sums of money that they could use to finance their war efforts. Secondly, the French alliance allowed the Americans to double the size of their fighting forces, which was crucial in turning the tide of the war.

Thirdly, the Americans were able to avail themselves of French naval strength, which was important in blockading the British and cutting off their supplies. Finally, the alliance with France allowed the Americans to gain immense amounts of equipment, which was vital in sustaining their war effort.

Despite all these advantages, the Americans were not able to gain a negotiated peace treaty with the British. The war continued for another two years after the French alliance was formed. The Americans eventually won the war, but it was not until 1783 that a peace treaty was signed between the Americans and the British. The French alliance played a significant role in the American victory, but it was not the only factor. The Americans' determination, bravery, and strategic planning were also crucial in their ultimate success.

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The road to the Civil War in the United States was marked by four major issues:

Slavery: The issue of slavery was the primary cause of the Civil War. The North and the South had very different views on slavery. While the North believed in abolition, the South relied heavily on the slave trade for their economic survival.States' rights: The Southern states believed that the federal government was encroaching on their rights as individual states. The Northern states believed that the federal government should have more power to regulate issues like slaveryTariffs: The North relied heavily on tariffs to protect their manufacturing industry, while the South believed that these tariffs unfairly taxed their agricultural products.Expansion of slavery: The question of whether or not slavery should be allowed to expand into new territories and states was a major issue leading up to the Civil War.

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During the Great Depression, expressions such as Hoovervilles and Hoover blankets showed that President Hoover (SS.912.A.5.11) c. was blamed for the suffering of the poor. The correct option is c).

Hoovervilles were makeshift shantytowns that sprang up across the United States during the Great Depression. They were named after President Herbert Hoover, who was in office during the onset of the economic crisis. Many people blamed Hoover for not doing enough to alleviate the economic hardships that the country faced.

Hoover blankets, similarly, were newspapers used by the homeless and impoverished individuals to keep warm during the Depression. The term was also a derogatory reference to President Hoover, as it implied that his policies and lack of action left people with nothing but newspapers to keep them warm.

Despite Hoover's efforts to address the economic crisis, many believed he did not go far enough in providing relief and support for the millions of Americans struggling with unemployment and poverty. As a result, the Hoovervilles and Hoover blankets became symbols of the public's discontent with Hoover's administration and its handling of the Great Depression.

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The given statement "John, as a prince, ruled over a large territory " is true.

John, who later became King John of England, did rule over a large territory as a prince. Before becoming king, he held the titles of Lord of Ireland and Count of Mortain. In his capacity as Lord of Ireland, he controlled a vast area, while as Count of Mortain, he was responsible for the region in western France. His reign as prince saw him presiding over these territories, allowing him to exercise authority over a large geographical area. During his reign, he ruled over a large territory that included England and parts of Ireland, Wales, and Scotland.

Hence, the statement is true.

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The first Navigation Laws were primarily designed to eliminate Dutch shippers from the American carrying trade.

So, the. correct answer is. B.

These laws aimed to strengthen the British mercantile system and ensure that British colonies' trade directly benefited the British economy.

By restricting the involvement of foreign shippers, these laws promoted British shipping and encouraged the growth of a British-dominated trading network.

Although the laws were not primarily focused on other objectives such as supporting the mapping of trade routes or fostering competition with Britain's economy, their primary goal was to protect and enhance British interests in colonial trade.

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The natural resource discovered beneath Texas dirt is oil, which men call "black gold."

The exact amount of oil reserves beneath the is not mentioned, so the answer is unclearThe Hamills get paid 3 for every foot they drilThe number of people who die in oil explosions each year varies, but according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the fatality rate for the oil and gas extraction industry was  100,000 workers in 2019The thicker liquid that the Hamills get from the nearby cattle is called manure, which they use as fertilizer for their crops.

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The states in the upper South, including Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas, initially had strong ties to the Union and were hesitant to secede from the United States.

However, the fall of Fort Sumter in April 1861 marked the beginning of the Civil War and changed the political climate. The upper South states were concerned about the growing power of the federal government, especially with the election of President Abraham Lincoln, who they feared would abolish slavery. Additionally, the upper South states were primarily agrarian and relied heavily on the institution of slavery for their economic prosperity.

The secession of the lower South states, including South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas, also influenced their decision to secede. These states formed the Confederate States of America, which the upper South states joined in order to protect their economic and political interests. Ultimately, the fall of Fort Sumter was a significant catalyst for the upper South's decision to secede from the Union and join the Confederacy.

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Luis Buñuel's films, "Un Chien Andalou" (An Andalusian Dog) and "Las Hurdes: Tierra Sin Pan" (Land without Bread), reflect his changing political views in the late 1920s and early 1930s.

"Un Chien Andalou" was made in collaboration with the surrealist painter Salvador Dali and released in 1929. The film is a shocking, dreamlike montage of surreal and disturbing images that challenges traditional storytelling and narrative structure.

It has been interpreted as a critique of the bourgeoisie and its values, as well as an attack on the constraints of conventional morality and religious dogma. Buñuel was a member of the surrealist movement at the time, which sought to subvert traditional forms of art and literature in order to express a new kind of revolutionary consciousness.

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The Grange's influence on the 1876 Texas Constitution is evident in its advocacy for agricultural policies and public education. The organization's influence ensured that rural communities had access to resources and opportunities that would help them thrive economically and socially.

The Grange was a farmers' organization that began in the late 1860s as a response to economic challenges faced by rural communities. The organization aimed to improve the social and economic conditions of farmers and their families. The Grange quickly gained popularity among rural communities and became a powerful political force in many states, including Texas. The Grange's influence is evident in the 1876 Texas Constitution in several ways.

One of the most significant ways in which the Grange influenced the Texas Constitution was through its advocacy for agricultural policies. The Grange believed that farmers needed protection from unfair business practices, such as price-fixing and monopolies. The organization lobbied for legislation that would regulate these practices and ensure that farmers received fair prices for their products. As a result, the Texas Constitution included provisions that protected farmers from such practices and gave them a voice in the legislative process.

Another way in which the Grange influenced the Texas Constitution was through its support for public education. The organization recognized the importance of education for rural communities and lobbied for legislation that would provide funding for public schools. The Texas Constitution included provisions that mandated the establishment of a free public school system and provided funding for it. The Grange's influence on the Texas Constitution ensured that rural communities had access to education and opportunities for economic and social mobility.

In conclusion, the Grange's influence on the 1876 Texas Constitution is evident in its advocacy for agricultural policies and public education. The organization's influence ensured that rural communities had access to resources and opportunities that would help them thrive economically and socially. The Grange's legacy continues to this day, as farmers and rural communities continue to advocate for policies that promote their interests and well-being.

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The principle of federalism refers to the division of powers between the federal government and the individual states in a country.

Looking at the timeline provided, there are several events that illustrate this principle. In 1787, the United States Constitution was drafted and adopted. This document established a federal system of government, dividing powers between the federal government and the states.

The Constitution established a system of checks and balances, ensuring that no one branch of government became too powerful.

In 1791, the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution, further defining the relationship between the federal government and the states. The first ten amendments to the Constitution guaranteed certain rights and protections to the people and the states.

During the Civil War, from 1861 to 1865, the issue of federalism was hotly debated. The Confederacy was formed by states that believed in the principle of states' rights, while the Union believed in a strong federal government. The outcome of the war solidified the power of the federal government over the states.

In the 20th century, federalism continued to be an important issue in American politics.

The New Deal programs of the 1930s expanded the role of the federal government in areas such as social welfare and economic regulation. In the 1960s, the Civil Rights Movement led to the federal government taking a more active role in protecting the rights of all citizens, regardless of state laws.

Overall, the events in this timeline illustrate the principle of federalism throughout American history, from the formation of the country to modern times. The balance of power between the federal government and the states has been an ongoing debate and continues to be an important issue in American politics today.

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The "tentacles of empire" refer to the various methods and mechanisms through which a dominant power extends its influence and control over other territories and populations. This term was coined by historian William Appleman Williams to describe the expansionist policies of the United States during the Cold War era.

These "tentacles" can take many forms, including economic domination through trade and investment, military interventions and alliances, cultural imperialism through media and entertainment, and political pressure and coercion through diplomacy and international organizations.

For example, the United States used economic aid and investment to support pro-American regimes in countries such as Iran and Chile, while using military force to intervene in conflicts in Vietnam and Afghanistan. Additionally, American culture, such as Hollywood films and music, has spread around the world, influencing local cultures and promoting American values.

The "tentacles of empire" can have both positive and negative effects. While they may bring economic growth and stability to some regions, they can also lead to exploitation, cultural homogenization, and political oppression. Understanding the various ways in which dominant powers exert their influence is important in analyzing global power dynamics and promoting equitable international relations.

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The correct answer is True. Britons and colonists of the 18th century often regarded themselves as the freest people in the world.

They saw themselves as enjoying a level of liberty that was not available to other nations, particularly those on the European continent. This perception was partly due to Britain's long history of relative political stability and the establishment of certain rights and liberties such as habeas corpus and the Bill of Rights. Additionally, the British colonists in America enjoyed a relatively high degree of autonomy compared to their counterparts in other European colonies. However, this perception of freedom was not shared by everyone, and many groups, such as enslaved Africans, Native Americans, and women, were excluded from these freedoms.

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Islamic scholars borrowed the Indian number system that spread along the Silk Road. These numbers, known as Arabic numerals, are done in groups of ten and include the concept of zero. This revolutionary system replaced the cumbersome Roman numeral system and enabled easy and efficient calculations.

The Indian number system was brought to the Arab world through trade routes, and Islamic scholars further developed and refined it. They introduced the decimal point, which allowed for more precise calculations and the creation of complex mathematical equations.

Islamic mathematicians such as Al-Khwarizmi also created algebra, which is a branch of mathematics that revolutionized the way equations were solved. The Arabic numeral system and other mathematical innovations developed by Islamic scholars were influential in Europe during the Renaissance and continue to be used worldwide today.

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By the year 1971, the United States was witnessing a number of significant changes and challenges.

The country was deeply divided over the Vietnam War, which was causing widespread protests and social unrest. The Civil Rights Movement had made significant progress in the previous decade, but there was still a long way to go in terms of achieving racial equality. The feminist movement was also gaining momentum, as women fought for equal rights and opportunities. The economy was struggling with inflation and unemployment, and the country was still grappling with the legacy of the counterculture movement of the 1960s. Overall, 1971 was a time of significant social, political, and economic change in the United States.

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If a member of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals resigns midterm, the process to fill the vacant seat would depend on the specific circumstances and the applicable laws in Texas

1. Resignation Announcement: When a member of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals decides to resign, they typically submit a formal resignation letter to the appropriate authorities. The resignation would specify the effective date of the resignation.

2. Vacancy Notification: The resignation would be communicated to the relevant parties, including the Governor's Office, the Secretary of State, and the Texas Judicial Branch.

3. Governor's Appointment: In most cases, the Governor of Texas has the authority to appoint a replacement to fill the vacant seat on the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. The Governor may have a designated process for considering potential candidates or may seek recommendations from legal experts, bar associations, or other relevant entities.

4. Confirmation Process: The Governor's appointment of a new member to the Court of Criminal Appeals may be subject to confirmation by the Texas Senate. The Senate typically reviews the appointment and conducts confirmation hearings to assess the qualifications and suitability of the appointee. If confirmed, the appointee assumes the position.

5. Remaining Term: The newly appointed member would serve the remaining term of the resigning judge, unless specified otherwise by law. In some cases, the appointment may be temporary, serving only until the next general election when voters would elect a candidate to serve a full term.

It's important to note that the specific process for filling a vacancy on the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals may be subject to legal provisions, including those outlined in the Texas Constitution and relevant statutes. The details may vary depending on the timing of the resignation, the political climate, and any specific regulations or procedures in place at the time.

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The Quartering Act of 1765 had a significant impact on the relationship between the colonists and the British government.

This act created resentment and frustration among the colonists, as they were forced to house and feed British soldiers without their consent. The act also led to increased tensions between the colonists and the British government, which eventually led to the American Revolution. The colonists saw this act as a violation of their rights, and it further fueled their desire for independence. In summary, the Quartering Act of 1765 had a negative effect on the relationship between the colonists and the British government, ultimately leading to the American Revolution.

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The statement " Many French republicans defended Captain Alfred Dreyfus because they felt that his wrongful conviction based on forged documents was a betrayal of the values of the French Republic" is true.

Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish officer in the French army, was wrongfully accused and convicted of treason in 1894 based on fabricated evidence and anti-Semitic biases. The case was marred by institutional cover-ups, prejudice, and a lack of due process.

Republican ideals such as equality, justice, and the rule of law were central to the French Republic's founding principles. Many republicans, including intellectuals, writers, and politicians, saw Dreyfus's case as a stark violation of these principles.

They believed that Dreyfus had been targeted because of his Jewish heritage and that his conviction was the result of anti-Semitism within the French military and establishment.

Prominent republican figures, such as Émile Zola, a renowned writer and activist, played a crucial role in defending Dreyfus. Zola's famous open letter titled "J'Accuse...!" exposed the miscarriage of justice and called for a reassessment of the case.

The letter sparked intense public debate and galvanized support for Dreyfus's innocence.

Republican defenders of Dreyfus argued that his wrongful conviction undermined the principles of a just and democratic society.

They saw the affair as an opportunity to expose and challenge the entrenched anti-Semitism within French institutions, calling for a fair retrial and the reestablishment of the principles of liberty and equality.

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