The diagram shows the characteristics of two different components of scientific knowledge.
Component C
Component D
Risa
suggested
explanation
of a single
phenomenon
or few related
phenomena
It is testable.
It provides
a unifying
explanation for
a vast set of
phenomena
natural world
Which statement explains which component is likely to be more powerful in explaining a scientific phenomenon? (4 points)
Component C, because a theory is often based on possibility and not certainty.
Component D, because a hypothesis is often based on possibility and not certainty.
Component C, because the ability to explain several occurences in the natural world is a characteristic of a hypothesis
Component D, because the ability to explain several occurences in the natural world is a characteristic of a theory

Answer:

"When the same amount of electricity is passed through different electrodes, the mass of electrodes liberated during electrolysis is directly proportional to its chemical equivalent."

A = 2.86 x [tex]10^{23[/tex] molecules of  [tex]KMnO_4[/tex]

B = 323.76 grams of Al

C = 1.53 moles of Au

D = 7.71 x [tex]10^{23[/tex] molecules of [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex]

E = 4.52 x [tex]10^{23[/tex] total atoms

According to Avogadro, a single mole of any substance contains 6.022 x [tex]10^{23[/tex] molecules or atoms of the substance.

Also, the mole of a substance is the ratio of the mass of the substance and the molar mass of the substance. In other words;

mole = mass/molar mass

These theories are what we need to solve the outlined problems.

       Mole of 75 g of [tex]KMnO_4[/tex]:

       mass/molar mass = 75/158

                                     = 0.4747 mol

        Since 1 mole = 6.022 x [tex]10^{23[/tex] molecules

         0.4747 mole = 0.4747 x 6.022 x [tex]10^{23[/tex]

                                = 2.86 x [tex]10^{23[/tex] molecules

       Since 1 mole =  6.022 x [tex]10^{23[/tex] molecules or atoms

        7.23 x [tex]10^{24[/tex] atoms = 7.23 x [tex]10^{24[/tex] / 6.022 x [tex]10^{23[/tex]

                                     = 12 moles

        Mass of 12 moles Al = 12 x 26.98

                                          =  323.76 grams    

                                    = 1.53 moles

                                   = 1.28 moles

         1.28 moles = 1.28 x 6.022 x [tex]10^{23[/tex]

                            = 7.71 x [tex]10^{23[/tex] molecules

                                        = 4.52 x [tex]10^{23[/tex] atoms

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The limiting reactant in the reaction is NaOH. one mole or 40 g of NaOH gives 58.5 g of NaCl. Thus, 4.16 g have to give 6.08 g but the actual yield is 5.79 g. Thus the percent yield of the reaction is 95%.

Percent yield of a reaction is the ratio of actual yield to the theoretical  yield multiplied by 100.

The molar mass of NaOH is 40 g/mol. Thus number of moles of NaOH is 4.16 /40 = 0.10 moles. Similarly the molar mass of HCl is 36.5 g/mol and number of moles in 5.81 g is 5.81/ 36.5 = 0.15 moles.

One mole of HCl needs 1 mole of NaOH, thus 0.15 moles need 0.15 moles NaOH but we have 0.1 only. Thus, NaOH is the limiting reactant.

40 g of NaOH gives 58.5 g of NaCl (1 mole). Thus the theoretical yield for 4.16 g of NaOH  is :

=  ( 4.16 × 58.5 )/40

= 6.04 g.

The actual yield is 5.79 g. Thus percent yield =(5.79/6.04) × 100 = 95%.

Hence, the percent yield of the reaction is 95%.

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Option B. 1n 18 minutes the concentration of a solution of 0.600 M changes to 0.300M.

An order of first-order kinetics in which the rate of the reaction relies upon the concentration of only one reactant, and is proportional to the amount of the reactant. it could be represented via the equation, charge = kA, in which ok is the reaction fee steady, and A is the concentration of the reactant.

Calculation:-

T = 2.303/k log a/(a-x)

K = 2.303/T log a/(a-x)

   = 2.303/54 log(0.600/0.0750)

  K = 2.303/54 log 8

       = 2.303/54 × 0.9

        = 0.038

new concentration = 0.300M

  T = 2.303/k log a/(a-x)

       = 2.303/ 0.038  log 0.600/(0.300)

        = 0.693/0.038

        = 18.2 minutes

 or 18 minutes approx.

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The new volume of the balloon is 26.307L. This can be solved with the help of Charles' law.

What is Charles' law?

According to the Charles' law, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature at constant pressure.

Here we assume that the pressure is constant in both the cases.

V1/T1 = V2/T2

30.6L/285.15K = V2/245.15K

V2= 26.307L.

Therefore, the new volume at -28 degree Celsius and constant 1 atm pressure is 26.307L according to Charles' law.

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In both plants and animals, the process of cellular respiration may be broken down into the following steps: Oxygen + carbon dioxide.

When plant cells undergo cellular respiration, oxygen is taken in through the plant's leaves from the surrounding atmosphere, and carbon dioxide is exhaled back into the atmosphere as a byproduct of the process. In contrast, when animal cells undergo cellular respiration, oxygen is taken in through the lungs, and carbon dioxide is exhaled through the lungs.

Therefore, a quick review, throughout the process of cellular respiration, plants and animals trade oxygen and carbon dioxide with one another.

Therefore, we may draw the following conclusion: Oxygen + carbon dioxide is a shorthand for the process of cellular respiration in plants and animals.

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2 NH3 + 3 CuO → 3 Cu + N₂ + H₂O in the equation the compounds that are on the left side were reactants and the compounds on the right side was products.

what is reactants and products?

Chemical reactions form and dissolve the chemical bonds that hold atoms together to form molecules. During a chemical reaction, the atoms are re organized; they become disengaged and reattached to one another in various ways, resulting in new compounds with diverse characteristics. Every chemical reaction has two parts:

Reactants – The beginning elements of a chemical reaction; what enters into the reaction

Usually written on the left side of a chemical reaction

Products — What is produced as a result of a chemical reaction.

Usually written on the right side of a chemical reaction.

among the given options the false statement was

H20 is a reactant was the false statement.

but the H2O was actually a product.

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The pH of a solution that is 0.21 M sodium fluoride and 0.57 M hydrofluoric acid is 3.36.

given the data as follows :

sodium fluoride ( base ) = 0.21 M

hydrofluoric acid ( acid )= 0.57 M

using the Henderson - Hassel Balch equation we get:

pH = pKa  +  log (base / acid)

pKa of hydrofluoric acid = 3.8

∴ pH = 3.8 + log ( 0.21 / 0.57 )

pH = 3.8 + ( - 0.4341)

pH = 3.36  

Thus, The pH of a solution that is 0.21 M sodium fluoride and 0.57 M hydrofluoric acid is 3.36.

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Answer:for making the text look colored and bold

Explanation:It can reacting differently with different mass solution, it also depends on what concentration you're measuring, and what reaction

K₄ [Fe (CN)₂] is a coordination compound where the oxidation number of Fe is -2. But the negative charge for metal iron is not possible and the actual formula is K₄ [Fe (CN)₆] .

A coordination compound is a complex where an ionic or neutral ligand is coordinated to a metal. The oxidation state of the metal is called the primary valence of the complex.

Here, there are 4 potassium outside the coordination sphere and thus +4 charge is outside hence -4 charge have to be inside to neutralize the compound. The charge of one CN is -1. Thus -2 for two CN.

Total charge is -4 and that of 2CN is -2, thus charge of Fe is -4-(-2) = -2.

Actually this compound do not exists. The correct coordination formula is K₄ [Fe (CN)₆] where Fe is +2 oxidation state.

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The mass in grams of sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄, that will be produced by the complete reaction of 40.01 grams of sulfur trioxide is 49.01 grams

We'll begin by obtaining the reacting mass from the balanced equation. This is shown below

SO₃(g) + H₂O(l) → H₂SO₄

From the balanced equation above,

80 g of SO₃ reacted to produce 98 g of H₂SO₄

Finally, we shall determine the mass of sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄ produced as illustrated below:

From the balanced equation above,

80 g of SO₃ reacted to produce 98 g of H₂SO₄

Therefore,

40.01 g of SO₃ will react to produce = (40.01 × 98) / 80 = 49.01 g of H₂SO₄

Thus, the mass of sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄ produced is 49.01 g

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The pH of the 3.9M of pottasium fluoride is 0.591.

pH of a solution can be described as the figure expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a logarithmic scale on which 7 is neutral, lower values are more acid and higher values more alkaline.

The pH of a solution can be calculated by using the following expression:

pH = -log {H}

Where;

According to this question, a 3.9 M potassium fluoride is given. The pH can be calculated as follows:

pH = - log {3.9}

pH = -0.591

Therefore, the pH of the solution is 0.591

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The number of atoms of Oxygen in 7.23 moles of Fe(NO₃)₃ is 3.92 x 10²⁵.

Determine to total number of individual molecules of Fe(NO₃)₃ in 7.23 moles.

Use Avogadro's number for this: 1 mole = 6.02 x 10²³ molecules.

Thus, 7.23 moles of Fe(NO₃)₃ contains molecules,

7.23 x 6.02 x 10²³ = 4.35 x 10²⁴ molecules of Fe(NO₃)₃.

Determine how many oxygen atoms in one molecule of Fe(NO₃)₃. There are 3 Oxygen atoms in the nitrate NO₃, and 3 nitrate groups in Fe(NO₃)₃. Thus, number of oxygen atoms in Fe(NO₃)₃ is,

3 x 3 = 9 Oxygen atoms in 1 molecule of Fe(NO₃)₃.

Finally, multiply the number of O atoms in 1 molecule of Fe(NO₃)₃ by the total number of Fe(NO₃)₃ molecules.

9 x 4.35 x 10²⁴ = 3.92 x 10²⁵ total Oxygen atoms.

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The equation of the reaction can be obtained as the net ionic equation of the reaction is; [tex]Fe^{2+} (aq) + CO_{3} ^{2-} (aq) ----- > Fe CO_{3} (s)[/tex]

The term net ionic equation has to do with the fact that we have considered the is that did not participate in the reaction. These ions that did not change in the course of the reaction are called the spectator ions in the reaction.

As we look at the reaction, we can see that ions that did not change in the reaction are the chlorate ion and the sodium ion. Thus the net ionic equation can be written as; [tex]Fe^{2+} (aq) + CO_{3} ^{2-} (aq) ----- > Fe CO_{3} (s)[/tex].

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The solubility product (Ksp) at the given temperature is 2.27×10⁻²⁴

We'll begin by writing the dissociation equation of aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH)₃. This is shown below:

Al(OH)₃(aq) <==> Al³⁺(aq) + 3OH⁻(aq)

Finally, we shall determine the solubility product (Ksp). This is illustarted below:

Ksp = [Al³⁺] × [OH⁻]

Ksp = 8.70×10⁻¹³ × 2.61×10⁻¹²

Ksp = 2.27×10⁻²⁴

Thus, we can coonclude that the solubility product (Ksp) is 2.27×10⁻²⁴

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The ratio of mol of ZnSO₄ : mol H₂O is 1:7.

Empirical formula- The relative ratios of the various atoms in a compound are given by an empirical formula. The ratios are still valid at the molar level. As a result, H₂O is made up of two hydrogen and one oxygen atoms. Similar to how 2.0 moles of hydrogen and 1.0 mole of oxygen make up 1.0 mole .

Steps to determine Empirical formula-

Determine the masses in Step 1. Step 2: Multiply the grams by the atomic mass to get the number of moles. Step 3: Subtract the smallest number of moles from the total number of moles of each element. Step 4: Make entire numbers out of the numbers.

Given,

0.05216 mol of ZnSO₄

0.3609 mol of H₂O

Here, the smallest number of mole is 0.05216.

Dividing each by the smallest number of moles to get the ratio -

⇒ 0.05216/ 0.05216 = 1

⇒ 0.3609/ 0.05216 = 6.91 ≈ 7

Therefore the mol ratio of ZnSO₄ and H₂O are 1 and 7 respectively.

Hence, 1 mol ZnSO₄ : 7 mol H₂O.

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The thumbprint-shaped region on the pressure/enthalpy chart is called saturation curve

An enthalpy chart show the A/C cycle and at what temprature and pressure  the refrigerant changes from gas to liquid and back to gas and the vapor liquid saturation curve of the pure substances is important from both the practical and thermodynamic viewpoint because it provide basic information on the behavior of the fluid as well as on its properties and the loop is the most common type of fingerprint and the ridges form elongated loop and some people have double loop fingerprint

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The empirical formula for the leaked gas, given it contains 1.54 grams of nitrogen and 0.277 grams of hydrogen is NH₃

The empirical formula for the leaked gas can be obtained as illustrated below:

Divide by their molar mass

N = 1.54/ 14 = 0.11

H = 0.277 / 1 = 0.277

Divide by the smallest

N = 0.11 / 0.11 = 1

H = 0.277 / 0.11 = 3

Thus, from the above calculation, we can conclude that the empirical formula of the gas is NH₃

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Answer: CH3-CO-CH3<CH3-CH2-OH<CH3-COOH

Explanation:

basically the boiling point depends upon the intermolecular hydrogen bonding. thus alcohol tends to have a higher boiling points then ketones because they have -OH group unlike carbonyl.

Answer:

the same kind of atoms

Explanation:

the same kind of atoms

The molecular structure of C4H6 rigid is Not rigid.

The Schrödinger equation, a quantum mechanical equation for the motion of electrons in the field of nuclei, can theoretically be used to identify the molecule structure. The bond lengths and bond angles in a molecular structure are those where the molecular energy is lowest. The numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation to determine structures has developed into a highly developed technique requiring the use of computers and supercomputers.

Either either neutron diffraction or microwave vibration-rotation spectra are used to determine the nuclear locations within a molecule. X-ray diffraction investigations can be used to analyse the electron cloud that surrounds a molecule's nucleus.

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The seventh shell contains 49 orbitals, making the total number of electrons in 49 orbitals 98.

characteristics of elements in group 7

At room temperature, each halogen exhibits the properties listed below: A light yellow gas is fluorine. A deadly green gas, chlorine is poisonous. The reddish-brown liquid bromine is poisonous.

Since the group number is 7, this means that the outer shell of halogen atoms contains seven electrons (energy level). These atoms gain a single electron in order to stabilize themselves and adopt the same structure as the nearby noble gas (rather than losing seven electrons which would take much more energy).

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In the egg floating experiment, the independent variable is adding salt to the water, the dependent variable is the egg floating in the water and the control group is the beaker just with water.

The egg floating experiment is done to test the density of the egg with respect to the water. Generally, the egg sinks in the water as the egg has a higher density than water.

On the other hand, if salt is added to water to form a salt solution and if the egg is added to that solution, then the egg floats. This is because the density of the egg is lesser than the salt solution leading the egg to float.

Therefore, in this experiment, the independent variable is the amount of salt added to the water and the dependent variable is the egg floating in the water as it is dependent on the amount of salt added the water. Thus, the control group is the beaker with water.

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Answer:

Distillation is the process of obtaining a liquid from a mixture containing a dissolved solute. The mixture is heated at a temperature just before the boiling point of the liquid. It evaporates and the vapor travels into a condenser flushed with cold water along the outside. The vapor loses its heat energy and cools into a liquid state. It then falls into a beaker on the other end as a distillate.

An example is desalination, where water is removed from seawater.

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Among the given compounds, H[tex]_2[/tex]S dissolves in water.

The dissolution of compounds in water depends on the polarity of that compound. As water is a polar solvent, polar compounds readily dissolve in water. As it is said that Like dissolves like, we can say that polar and ionic compounds dissolve in polar solvents while, non-polar compounds dissolve in non-polar solvents like benzene, hexane, and other organic solvents.

CBr[tex]_4[/tex], C[tex]_6[/tex]H[tex]_6[/tex], and CCl[tex]_4[/tex] are non-polar compounds and cannot dissolve in water due to the absence of d-orbital in carbon atoms so they cannot accept lone pairs of electrons from water. H[tex]_2[/tex]S  is also non-polar but the presence of a large sulfur atom gets easily polarized as compared to carbon and thus it dissolves in water.

Thus, due to the presence of a Sulfur atom, hydrogen sulfide dissolves in water.

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Answer:

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. the number of protons define the identity of an element

From the calculations, the new volume of the gas is 30.2 L.

We know that we can be able to obtain the parameters that ahs to do with the gas by use of any of the equations of the laws that relate to an ideal gas.

Given that the;

Initial volume [tex]V_{1}[/tex] = 35.0 L

Initial temperature [tex]T_{1}[/tex] =  268 K

Initial pressure [tex]P_{1}[/tex]  = 5.16 atm

Final temperature [tex]T_{2}[/tex] = 343 K

Final pressure [tex]P_{2}[/tex] =  7.65 atm

Final volume [tex]V_{2}[/tex] = ??

Then we have to use the general gas equation;

[tex]P_{1}[/tex] [tex]V_{1}[/tex]/ [tex]T_{1}[/tex]=  [tex]P_{2}[/tex] [tex]V_{2}[/tex]/ [tex]T_{2}[/tex]

[tex]V_{2}[/tex] =  5.16 * 35.0 *  343/7.65 * 268

[tex]V_{2}[/tex] = 61945.8/2050.2

[tex]V_{2}[/tex] = 30.2 L

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The total moles of ions produced when dissolving 9.44 g of CuSO₄.5H₂O completely in water is 0.0756.

A mole is described as a scientific unit for the measurement of a large number of quantities of ions, atoms, molecules, or other particular particles.

The number of entities present in one mole is equal to 6.023 × 10 ²³ is known as Avogadro’s number.

Given, the mass of CuSO₄.5H₂O sample = 9.44 g

The mass of 1 mole of CuSO₄· 5H₂O = 250 g/mol

Number of moles of CuSO₄· 5H₂O = 9.44/250 = 0.0378 mol

The dissociation of CuSO₄· 5H₂O when dissolved in water as:

[tex]CuSO_4.5H_2O \longrightarrow Cu^{2+} (aq) + SO_4^{2+} (aq) + 5H_2O (l)[/tex]

The number of Cu²⁺ ions of 0.0378 mol of CuSO₄· 5H₂O = 0.0378

The number of SO₄²⁻ ions of 0.0378 mol of CuSO₄· 5H₂O = 0.0378

Total moles of ions in the given sample= 0.0378 + 0.0378 = 0.0756 mol

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Early "chemists" focused on practical problems - the production of dyes and perfumes, the production of soap, the use of metals, the production of glass, etc. The goal was not to make sense of the physical world.

Tapputi (also known as Tapputi-Belatekallim, referring to the female attendants of the palace), believed to be the world's first recorded chemist and perfume maker, mentioned in a cuneiform tablet from Babylonian Mesopotamia, circa 1200 BC It is BC is mentioned.

Along with Lavoisier, Boyle, and Dalton, Berzelius is considered the father of modern chemistry. In 1828, using oxygen as a standard and fixing its weight at 100, he produced a table of relative atomic weights containing all the elements known at the time.

Very early chemists were often motivated primarily by achieving a particular goal or product. It didn't take a lot of theory to make perfume or soap, just a good recipe, and attention to detail. There was no standard way to name substances (and no periodic table we could all agree on).

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