The electronic configuration packing patterns of some elements in group 6b(6) and group 1b(11) reflect the enhanced stability of half-filled and fully-filled sublevels. So option (c) is correct.
What is electronic configuration?The electronic configuration of an element describes how the electrons are distributed in its atomic orbitals. For example, the electron configuration of sodium is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹
The three rules that direct the manner in which electrons are to be filled in atomic orbitals are:
Aufbau principle: Electrons must completely fill the atomic orbitals of a given energy level before occupying an orbital of a higher energy level. Electrons fill orbitals in the increasing order of orbital energy level.
Pauli’s exclusion principle: It states that two electrons can never have equal values for all four quantum numbers. Also each subshell of an orbital can have a maximum of 2 electrons and both these electrons must have opposite spins.
Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity: The subshells in an orbital must be singly occupied before it is doubly occupied. Furthermore, the spin of all the electrons in singly occupied subshells should be the same (to maximize the overall spin).
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how many valence electrons does each of these four elements have? how do you know? a) aluminum (al), b) fluorine (f), c) sodium (na), and d) calcium (ca)
if the reaction between nitrogen gas and oxygen gas to produce nitric oxide has a 92% yield, what is the actual yield (in mg) when 5.0 g of nitrogen gas is completely consumed?
The actual yield is 9.9, which is 92 percent of the theoretical yield of 10.7. As a result, since the reaction only produces 92 gas because it is only 92 percent efficient, obtain 9.9 gas of the product instead of 10.7 milligrams.
How can I get my body to produce more nitric oxide?You can increase your body's natural release of nitric oxide by eating a diet rich in nitrate-rich foods and antioxidants, taking supplements like L-arginine or L-citrulline, or both. Other effective methods include reducing mouthwash use and engaging in regular exercise.
What results from excessive nitric oxide levels?Methemoglobinemia can be quickly and powerfully induced by nitric oxide. In addition to pulmonary edema, pneumothorax, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, emphysema, and perhaps methemoglobinemia, radiation to nitrogen oxides can alter the pulmonary system. After some time, a cough, hyperpnea, and distress may be observed.
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assume that heat in the amount of 100 kj is transferred from a cold reservoir at 600 k to a hot reservoir at 1150 k contrary to the clausius statement of the second law. what is the total entropy change? the total entropy change is kj/k.
The total entropy change is 1.036 JK/K
Entropy means the unavailable energy associated with the system. The entropy generation for the reversible cycle is zero and for irreversible cycle, it is positive. We can also understand entropy to be randomness of a system, Randomness is maximum in gaseous state and least in solid state.
The given data; the amount of heat transferred by the thermal reservoir is Q = 100KJ. Temperature of the high thermal reservoir is [tex]T_{h}[/tex] = 1150k.
The temperature of the low thermal reservoir is [tex]T_l[/tex] = 600K.
[tex]d_{s}[/tex] = -Q + Q
[tex]T_{h}[/tex] [tex]T_{l}[/tex]
Substituting the formula we get
[tex]d_{s}[/tex] = - 100KJ + 1OOKJ
1150K 600K
= 1.036 KJ/K
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how long did your addition of the acid mixture take? how much ethanol did you use for the recrystallization? what did your nitroacetanilide crystals look like? how long did you dry the final solid before taking the mass and melting point?
Recrystallization ; 25 mL of solvent are needed at 100 oC to dissolve 100 mg of the chemical. 75 mg of the chemical will precipitate at 0 oC while 25 mg will remain in solution.
what did your nitroacetanilide crystals look like? how long did you dry the final solid before taking the mass and melting point?The chemical compound para nitroacetanilide, commonly known as 4-nitroacetanilide, is a nitroacetanilide derivative made from acetanilide and a nitrating combination. A trace of ortho product also forms along with the para product.
Through nitration, the chemical molecule p-nitroacetanilide is created from acetanilide. P-nitroacetanilide is created when acetanilide is treated with a nitrating mixture, which is a combination of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. O-nitroacetanilide is also generated as a small byproduct along with p-nitroacetanilide. It is quite simple to separate p-nitroacetanilide through crystallization since o-nitroacetanilide is highly soluble in alcohol.
Because ethanol is endlessly cosoluble with water and has high dissolving properties for many organics, ethanol and water mixtures are frequently utilized. Many organic compounds' solubilities can be drastically and quickly decreased by the addition of water, which can cause crystallization.
The solution may become too diluted for crystals to form if you add too much solvent. The flask needs to be gently cooled, first at room temperature and then in cold water. Impurities will be captured by a hastily formed crystal's lattice. Smaller crystals will be produced as a result.
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which of the salts below, when dissolved in water, will form a basic solution? sodium chloride, nacl sodium acetate, nac2h3o2 ammonium bromide, nh4br calcium nitrate, ca(no3)2
Sodium acetate will form the basic salt when dissolved in water.
Water turns basic when a salt made from a strong base and a weak acid dissolves in it. Sodium ions and acetate ions are created when sodium acetate dissociates in water. There are no acidic or basic characteristics in the sodium ion. The conjugate base of acetic acid, the acetate ion, has a high affinity for H+ ions.
The solution turns acidic when a salt made from a potent acid and a feeble base dissolves in water. Chloride ions and ammonium ions are created when ammonium chloride dissociates. No affinity exists between the chloride ion and H+ ions.
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heat is added to an ideal gas, and the gas expands in the process. is it possible for the temperature to remain constant in this situation?
If the work done by the expanding gas equals the heat added, despite the constant energy of the system of the gas, the temperature can stay constant.
What is considered a ideal gas?An ideal gas is one where there were no inter - molecular attraction forces and all collisions involving atoms and molecules are entirely elastic. It can be seen as a group of perfectly nearly spherical that collide but do not otherwise interact with one another.
Why does temperature affect an ideal gas?Temperature doesn't vary, but pressure and volume do. The energy content will not change throughout this procedure because there is no exchange of labor or heat with the environment. As a result, a perfect gas's internal energy depends solely on its temperature.
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What is the best description of the relationship between emerging scientific ideas and open-mindedness?
Open-mindedness results from emerging scientific ideas.
Open-mindedness often leads to emerging scientific ideas.
Open-mindedness leads to critical evaluation of emerging scientific ideas.
Open-mindedness helps people understand that emerging scientific ideas are uncertain.
The best description of the relationship between emerging scientific ideas and open-mindedness is: Open-mindedness often leads to emerging scientific ideas.
The correct answer choice is option b
Why open-mindedness often leads to emerging scientific idea?It follows that scientific skills emanate faster when a scientist is very open-minded and open to corrections as well. The simple reason why our open-mindedness often results in emerging scientific ideas is simply because it is one of the major keys to investigating scientific problems.
In conclusion, it can be deduced when when we work with transparency, our scientific skills brings positive results.
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Which atom’s ionization energy is greater than that of phosphorus (P)?
A) Ba
B) K
C) As
D) Cl
D.) CI
Explanation:Hi and Bye, have a good one. '^'
given the rate at which human activity is increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, why can't we expect the natural carbon dioxide cycle to prevent global warming?
the human activities like coal tar minings, foctory out let releasing the carbon gases out with out filtering, air polluting activities, over using personal vehicles for unnecessary activities, and many other reasons that are briefly explained below
what is global warming?
a steady rise in atmospheric temperature often attributed to the greenhouse effect brought on by higher quantities of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.
The quantity of carbon dioxide emitted by human activity each year is at least 60 times greater than that produced by volcanoes. Large, ferocious eruptions may, for a few hours, match the pace of human emissions, but they are too uncommon and brief to come close to the yearly emissions of humans. In fact, the annual carbon dioxide emissions from a few specific U.S. states exceed those of the planet's entire active volcanoes.
In 2015, around 40 billion metric tonnes of carbon dioxide were released into the atmosphere as a result of human activity, mostly the burning of coal and other fossil fuels, but also cement manufacture, deforestation, and other landscape changes. The Global Carbon Project estimates that since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, human activities have contributed more than 2,000 billion metric tonnes of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
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explain why the water strider is able to land on the surface of the water. use your knowledge of intermolecular forces and draw a particle diagram to justify your explanation
Water striders use the high surface tension of water and long, hydrophobic legs to help them stay above water.
Surface tension:
The tension of the surface film of a liquid is caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, which tends to minimize surface area.
The force responsible for surface tension is the cohesive force that is present between the molecules of the liquid, the surface tension of water is high this is just because there is a hydrogen bond present between the molecules of water.
As we know that the legs of a water strider are long and slender, allowing the weight of the water strider's body to be distributed over a larger surface area.
Therefore the water strider can land on the surface of the water because of the surface tension of the water.
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the chemical formula of mustard gas used in warfare is c4h8scl2. what is the percent by mass of carbon in the chemical?
The percent by mass of carbon in the chemical is 30.20%.
Solution:
Molar mass of C4H8SCl2 = (4×12.01) + ( 8 ×1.0078) + (1×32.065) + ( 2×35.45) = 48.04 + 8.0624 + 32.065 + 70.9 = 159.0674 g/mol
% of Carbon = = Mass of carbon ÷ Mass of the compound)×100 Mass carbon = 4 × 12.01 g/mol = 48.04 g/mol Mass of compound = 159.0674 g/mol
% of Carbon = ( 48.04 ÷ 159.0674 ) × 100 = 0.30201 × 100 = 30.20%.
Sulfur mustard is a type of chemical weapon. These drugs cause blisters on the skin and mucous membranes on contact. They are called vesicants or bubblers. Sulfur mustard is also known as mustard gas or mustard agent under the H, HD, and HT military designations. Sulfur mustard is commonly known as mustard gas.
The name mustard gas was first used when the chemical was sprayed during World War I attacks. Sulfur mustard is not related to mustard, but when mixed with other chemicals It got its name from its yellow color and mustard smell.
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convert 4.6 x 10^23 molecules of sucrose to moles of sucrose
Answer:
0.76moles of sucrose
Explanation:
1 mol = 6.022 x 10^23 molecules
4.6 x 10^23 molecules = X x 6.022 x 10^23
X = 0.7639
X = 0.76moles
From XNH,(g) + YO₂ g → ZNO(g), + QH₂O (g) the value of Z is
please guys...I need help asap....
Answer:
4
Explanation:
Can yall help me with this
Answer: B
Explanation:
B is the correct answer, but this is only because there is no other data to go off of to answer said question. It says "Other potentially dangerous asteroids" meaning that is what they intend to do.
Sodium can combine with element "X" so that
the chemical formula is Na2X. What element
could element "X" be?
Answer:
An element in Group 16 (oxygen, sulfur, selenium, etc.)
Explanation:
Sodium (Na) typically forms the cation Na⁺ during ionic bonding. If the overall charge of the compound is neutral (0), and there are two Na⁺ ions present (+1 + (+1) = +2), the element serving as the anion must have a -2 charge (+2 + (-2) = 0). Elements in group/column 16 have a -2 charge when ionized.
2. based on your observations, what is the function of propylene glycol and methyl oleate in a hand cream?
The function of propylene glycol and methyl oleate in a hand cream is as a thickening agent and as an emulsifier and skin softener used in cosmetics.
ExplanationPropylene Glycol
Propylene glycol is a petroleum derivative product that has no odor and is colorless. This product is one of the products used as a raw material for making cosmetics. The function of propylene glycol is as a thickener for cosmetics such as facial moisturizers, facial cleansers, and other cosmetics that are liquid.
Methyl Oleate
Methyl Oleate is a long-chain saturated fatty acid found naturally in various animal and plant fats. Methyl oleate is solid and white in color, and has a mild aroma and is sometimes crystalline. The content contained in this product is often used as raw material for cosmetic products. The function of methyl oleate is as an emulsifier and lubricant that can soften the skin, and help keep cosmetic products from separating. One important function of methyl oleate in cosmetic products is to create a moist, slippery and unbreakable texture.
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what molecules does mgso4 remove from the viodiesel, what chemical interactions are occuring that allow this to work
The MgSO₄ (magnesium sulfate) remove water molecules entrapped in biodiesel. Ion dipole are the interactions that allow this to work.
Diesel fuel can be replaced by domestically produced, clean-burning biodiesel. The use of biodiesel as a vehicle fuel increases energy security, benefits the environment and the air we breathe, and enhances safety. Animal fats, used cooking oils, yellow grease, and vegetable oils can all be used to make biodiesel. The process of transesterification, which turns fats and oils into biodiesel and glycerin, produces the fuel. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a dipole-containing neutral molecule produces an attractive force known as the ion-dipole force. typically located in solutions. important in particular for ionic compound solutions in polar liquids.
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which two of the following electronic configurations (in quantum mechanical notation) are not reasonable? indicate the letters of the two unreasonable electronic configurations: . a) 1s22s22p4 b) 1s22s22p73s23p4 c) 1s22s22p63s23p5 d) 1s22s62p5
1s²2s²2p⁷3s²3p⁴ two of the following electronic configurations (in quantum mechanical notation) are not reasonable.
The correct option is B.
How do you find the electron configuration?Using subshell labels, the electronic structure of an atom is described. These labels include the subshell name, which is determined by the azimuth and elevation quantum number, the shell number, which is determined by the main quantum number, and the total quantity of electrons in the subshell, which is indicated in superscript.
What three factors influence electronic configuration?An atom's electron configuration describes how its electrons are dispersed across its orbits (shells) and subshells. An atom's electron configuration is crucial because it aids in predicting a substance's chemical, physiological, electrical, and magnetic characteristics.
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what pairs would form covalent bonds?
Answer:
Covalent bonds usually occur between nonmetals.
Explanation:
it is quite possible to have a positive reaction in a glucose carbohydrate broth and yet a negative reaction in a glucose use methyl red test. this is due to:
This is due to the methyl-requiring acid produced.
Methyl red test is considered positive when the culture medium turns red after the addition of methyl red, because of a pH at or below 4.4 from the fermentation of glucose.
methyl red test is considered negative when the culture medium gives yellow colour after the addition of methyl red.
when the bacteria are grown in a broth medium containing glucose .if the bacteria has the ability to utilise glucose with the production of a stable acid,
the colour of methyl red changes from yellow to red when added to broth culture.
In glucose carbohydrate broth 4 mol of acids,1 mole of ethanol, and 1 mol of CO2 are produced. the large quantity of acid produced causes a significant decrease in pH which gives red colour as a result.
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consider the ground state electron configurations of the following atoms and ions: a. n b. s c. ni d. cl- e. ti3 c. which atom or ion has the most valence electrons? e. which atom or ion has the fewest valence electrons? a. which atom or ion has the most unpaired electrons? d. which atom or ion has the fewest unpaired electrons?
The most valence electron is present in Cl. The fewest valence electrons are present in Ni and Ti. The most unpaired electrons are present in N. The fewest unpaired electrons are present in Cl.
What are valence electrons?
Valence electrons are the electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom that participate in formation of a chemical bond. For example, oxygen atom has total of six valence electrons. out of those 2 electrons are in the 2s subshell and 4 electrons are present in the 2p subshell. So the electronic configuration of oxygen atom can be written as 1s2 2s2 2p4.
Cl has 7 valence electrons in it. Ni and Ti have 2 valence electrons in them which is the least among the following. There are 3 unpaired electrons present in N atom which is the highest among the following atoms and Cl has 1 unpaired electron which is the lowest among the following atoms.
Therefore, the most valence electron is present in Cl. The fewest valence electrons are present in Ni and Ti. The most unpaired electrons are present in N. The fewest unpaired electrons are present in Cl among the following atoms.
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ten moles of helium gas and one mole of solid argon are in thermal equilibrium with each other at 10 k. both helium and argon are monatomic, and argon is ten times as massive as helium. how do the average speeds of the atoms in these two substances compare under the conditions specified? explain/justify your answer using appropriate components of the particle model of thermal energy and/or previous models we have used
Helium moves more quickly on average than argon.
How much thermal energy does helium have compared to argon?
Helium has a lower thermal energy than argon does.
Explanation:
Due to the smaller mass of helium atoms in comparison to argon atoms, their average speed is higher under the given conditions. An atom's average speed is inversely related to its mass. While the average speed of an atom reduces as the mass of the atom grows, the opposite is true if the mass of the atom decreases.
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How did analyzing the chemical composition of the murder victim's bone help the detective identify the region of the world from which the victim came?
Please just answer in some educated way it doesnt have to be 100% correct
Each region has a different environment which can change the chemical composition of the body.
What information provides by studying the bones?Many of the skeletons have related to age, sex, ancestry, and cause of death. The remains of an individual with biological information are especially valuable. Forensic anthropologists have used skeletons to develop standards for identifying the sex, age, and ancestry of unknown remains of the body. Analyzing the chemical composition of the murder victim's bone, can help to identify the region of the world from which the victim came because each region has a different environment that can change the chemical composition of the body.
So we can conclude that analyzing the chemical composition of the murder victim's bone helps the researcher to identify the victim due to the environment in which the person was exposed.
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why should reflux of the micro-scale reaction be gentle, with the condensation ring remaining close to the surface of the liquid in the test tube?
The reflux of the micro-scale reaction should be gentle because since solvents are present in small quantities, the reaction might dry up and burn.
What is reflux?
Reflux can be analogous to distillation. The condenser is present in reflux. The solvent boils and gets condensed back to the same flask. The equipment for reflux are RB flask, heat source, condenser and a water bath.
In reflux reactions, the micro-scale reactions use very small amount of solvents and reagents as the name suggests. During the reaction some solvent might boil and leave the reaction vessel. Then the solvent molecules condense below. Higher the condensation ring, lesser solvent present in the reaction.
Therefore, during reflux reactions, the reaction might dry up and burn since the solvent condenses and only few molecules of solvent are present in the reaction mixture. So, the reaction needs to be gently done.
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a mixture of gases contains 4.97 g of n2, 8.08 g of h2, and 4.22 g of nh3. if the total pressure of the mixture is 3.97 atm, what is the partial pressure of each component?
The partial pressure of N₂ = 0.158 atm
The partial pressure of H₂ = 3.6 atm
The partial pressure of NH₃ = 0.22 atm
Mass of N2₂ = 4.97 g
Molar mass of N₂ = 28 g/mol
Mass of H₂ = 8.80 g
Molar mass of H₂ = 2 g/mol
Mass of NH₃ = 4.2 g
Molar mass of NH₃ = 17 g/mol
Total pressure (Pt) = 3.97 atm
Partial pressure of N₂ = ?
Partial pressure of H₂ = ?
Partial pressure of NH₃ = ?
First, we will find out the number of moles of each component
Number of moles = mass / molar mass
Number of moles of N₂ = 4.97 g / 28 g/mol
Number of moles of N₂ = 0.1775 mol
Number of moles of H₂ = 8.08 g / 2 g/mol
Number of moles of H₂ = 4.04 mol
Number of moles of NH₃ = 4.22 g / 17 g/mol
Number of moles of NH₃ = 0.2482 mol
Total number of moles = 0.1775 mol + 4.04 mol + 0.2482 mol
Total number of moles = 4.4657 mol
Now find out the partial pressure for each component
partial pressure = number of moles of each / total number of moles × total pressure
partial pressure of N₂ = (0.1775 mol / 4.4657 mol) 3.97 atm
partial pressure of N₂ = (0.0397 mol) 3.97 atm
partial pressure of N₂ = 0.158 atm
partial pressure of H₂ = (4.04 mol / 4.4657 mol) 3.97 atm
partial pressure of H₂ = (0.9047 mol) 3.97 atm
partial pressure of H₂ = 3.6 atm
partial pressure of NH₃ = (0.2482 mol / 4.4657 mol) 3.97 atm
partial pressure of NH₃ = (0.0556 mol) 3.97 atm
partial pressure of NH₃ = 0.22 atm
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viral symmetry that is both icosahedral and helical and possibly other symmetry is collectively referred to as
viral symmetry that is both icosahedral and helical and possibly other symmetry is collectively referred as complex.
what is symmetry?
Chemistry terms like "molecular symmetry" refer to the symmetry that exists in molecules as well as how they are categorised. As it may be used to predict or explain many of a molecule's chemical characteristics, including its dipole moment and its permitted spectroscopic transitions, molecular symmetry is a key concept in chemistry.
An action that results in an object's appearance remaining unchanged is known as a symmetry operation. For instance, a water molecule will retain its original appearance if it is rotated by 180 degrees around an axis that runs through the centre O atom (located in the middle of the two H atoms). Each symmetry operation has a corresponding symmetry element, which can be an axis, a plane (2 dimensions), a line (1 dimensions), or a point (0 dimensions), with regard to which the symmetry operation is performed
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A compound of hydrogen, chlorine, and carbon has a simplest formula of CCIH₂. If in one of its molecules there are two carbon atoms, find its molar mass.
Answer:
99 g/mol
Explanation:
2 carbon atoms in one molecule means double all the other atoms
(12*2)+(35.5*2)+(1*4)=99g/mol
For substances at the same temperature absorb equal amounts of energy the specific heat of the four substances are 1.01J/G Celsius, 1.01J/G Celsius, 0.3 AJ/G Celsius, and 0.4 4J/G Celsius what is the specific heat value of the substance I will have highest in Chrisman in temperature
The substance with the highest specific heat value will have the highest increase in temperature.
What is a chemical reaction ?
Chemical reaction, the process by which one or more substances (reactants) are transformed into one or more other substances (products). Substances are either chemical elements or compounds. Chemical reactions rearrange the constituent atoms of reactants to produce different substances as products.
Chemical reactions are part of technology, culture, life . Fuel combustion, glass and pottery making, beer , and wine and cheese making are few examples. Activities involving chemical reactions that have been around for thousands of years. Chemical reactions are abundant in a variety of complex processes occurring in the Earth's geology, atmosphere and oceans, and in all biological systems.
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Which two steps are in the wrong order for scientific method? Ask a question, make a hypothesis, test hypothesis, draw conclusions, analyze results, communicate results.
Answer:
draw conclusions and analyze results
what is the component of colloid solutions that is helpful in managing hypovolemic shock through the intravenous route?
The component of colloid solutions that is helpful in managing hypovolemic shock through the intravenous route is option 3 Starches.
A colloid is an aggregate wherein one substance inclusive of microscopically dispersed insoluble debris is suspended throughout another substance. some definitions specify that the debris needs to be dispersed in a liquid, even as others expand the definition to encompass substances like aerosols and gels.
Colloids and crystalloids are two types of solutions used to replace lost blood fluid (plasma). They encompass blood and artificial products. each colloid and crystalloids seem like in addition powerful at resuscitation. There are one-of-a-kind varieties of colloids and those may have exceptional consequences.
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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the complete question.
what is the component of colloid solutions that is helpful in managing hypovolemic shock through the intravenous route?
1. Salts
2. Sugars
3. Starches
4. Minerals
