The entire complex of concentric rings and cells that surround a single central canal is called a/an osteon.
What is osteon?An osteoclast-rich tissue creates cylindrical vascular tunnels called osteons. They include cutting cone-shaped endosteum and pluripotent precursor cells. The cutting cone replaces the bone with osteoblast-rich tissue.The Haversian canal is surrounded by the osteon, the main structural component of compact (cortical) bone, which is made up of concentric bone layers termed lamellae.Osteons, also known as Haversian systems, are the building blocks of compact bone structure. Osteons are spherical organs made up of a mineral matrix, live osteocytes, and canaliculi that carry blood. They are positioned parallel to the bone's long axis. The structural component of compact bone are osteons. Also known as the Haversian system, osteons consist of overlapping cylinders of bone tissue called lamellae.
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In a separate location, take notes from the sources you have identified. The notes will provide details for your presentation. While taking notes from texts and websites, use these reading strategies. In the space provided, write four pieces of information that you intend to use in your presentation.
When taking notes from texts and websites, or other sources, it is important that they are factual and accurate.
What is a Presentation?This refers to the use of tools, words, diagrams, etc to present an idea or topic to a group of people.
This makes use of persuasive speech to convince them so they would buy into your idea and also things like:
PowerPoint ProjectorSlides are also used when making presentations.This goes without saying that when making a presentation, it is important to have a clear purpose and the major purposes of giving a presentation are:
to give information, to persuade the audience to act to create goodwill, etcHence, we can see that your question is incomplete so I gave you a general overview of the given topic to give you a better understanding of the concept.
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If a gene exists in 10 different alleles in a population, how many alleles can be expressed in one diploid cell?
If a gene exists in 10 different alleles in a population, two alleles can be expressed in one diploid cell.
What is a diploid cell?
The term "diploid" describes an organism's cells having two full sets of chromosomes, with one chromosome from each parent present in each pair. Since humans are diploid, the majority of their cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes. However, human germ cells (egg and sperm cells) are referred to as haploid since they only have one pair of chromosomes.
Two full sets of chromosomes are present in a diploid cell. The majority of human cells are diploid, with 23 chromosomal pairs totaling 46 chromosomes. This comprises a pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes. The mother and father each contributed one replica of each pair of chromosomes to the person.
We have two copies of every gene because we have two copies of each chromosome. The majority of mammals, including humans, are diploid, however certain creatures are polyploid or have more than two sets of each chromosome. Consider the octoploid nature of your typical supermarket strawberry, which has eight complete sets of seven chromosomes apiece for a total of 56 chromosomes.
Therefore, two alleles can be expressed in one diploid cell, if a gene exists in 10 different alleles in a population.
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Muscle fatigue occurs as ______ increases in concentration in the muscle tissues.
Muscle fatigue occurs as lactic acid increases in concentration in the muscle tissues.
What causes muscle fatigue?Muscle fatigue may be caused due to accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles, ion imbalance (Na+, K+), less production of ATP as compared to its use in the cells.Muscle fatigue is defined as the decrease in ability of muscles to generate force. It occurs after exercise, strenuous activity, and aging. This may even be caused due to diseases like muscular dystrophy.It results in pain, lessens the movement of body, etc.If muscle fatigue occurs regularly even without performing any strenuous activities, one should immediately consult a doctor to find the underlying causes.Caffeine and ephedrine are synthetic products which can be used to treat muscle fatigue.Learn more about muscle fatigue here:
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Hybridomas, which produce monoclonal antibodies, are made by fusing cells of the immune system with.
Hybridoma cells resulting from the fusion of B lymphocytes and myeloma cells produce specific monoclonal antibodies. Hybridomas are generated by fusing spleen cells (plasma cells) from immunized hosts with a compatible myeloma cell line (malignant and immortal plasma cell line).
What is hybridomas?A hybriddoma is a culture of hybrid cells formed by the fusion of B and myeloma cells. Hybridoma technology gives rise to hybridomas. This technique was created to create mAbs. Hybridomas have two crucial B cell properties: antibody production and myeloma cell immortalization.Hybridoma technology ushered in a paradigm change by enabling the mass manufacture of extremely specific and sensitive monoclonal antibodies. The mAbs have been widely employed in diagnostics, including the detection of cancer. These are also widely utilized in cancer treatment.To learn more about hybridomas from the given link
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Compare and contrast the structure & functions of mitochondria & chloroplast
Utilizing oxygen and nutrition, the mitochondria produce ATP, which serves as the cell's energy source. In a plant cell, photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast.
Plant cells contain both the chloroplast and the mitochondrion, but animal cells only have the mitochondria. The purpose of mitochondria and chloroplasts is to produce energy for the cells in which they are found. Both types of organelles have an energy generation, or how inner and outer membrane as part of their structure. they change cellular energy into a certain form before the cell uses it, which is the fundamental commonality between mitochondria and chloroplast. 2. Chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA and RNA are nearly identical. Each DNA molecule is round.
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What happens to acetylcholine (ach) after it is released from the presynaptic membrane?
The acetylcholine (ach) gets broken down and the choline is reabsorbed.
The presynaptic membrane formed by the terminal button of an axon which faces the cell membrane of neuron or muscle fiber. Axon may have infrequent branches which are called axon collaterals. Thus, axons and axon collaterals terminate in many short branches or telodendria.
The release of ACh transpire through Ca2+ stimulated docking, fusion, and fission of the vesicle with the nerve terminal membrane. However, the ACh, is an enzyme in the synaptic cleft as well as, ACh diffuses across the synaptic cleft.
When acetylcholine (ACh) is released from the nerve endings upon action potential-driven depolarization, triggers postsynaptic response.
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The basement membrane between the epidermis and dermis provides for adhesion and serves which function regarding molecule transportation?
A Final statement or concluding statement
Keratinocytes and fibroblasts' adhesion, mobility, and proliferation are controlled by the basement membrane. It also gives the epidermis structural stability.
What is epidermis?The epidermis is the thin, outer layer of skin that is visible to the eye and acts to protect the body. The epidermal layers comprise the stratum basale (the epidermis's lowest layer), the stratum spinosum, the stratum granulosum, the stratum lucidum, and the stratum corneum (the most superficial portion of the epidermis).
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In what ways is human population ecology similar to and different from that of other organisms? why is it difficult to determine a carrying capacity for humans?
Human can regulate or control their fertility . Population are not limited according to the natural resources. The nutritional requirement of human are unique in the animal kingdom.
In humans , they are complex species we do not reproduce , consume resources and interact with our living environment uniformly.If human consume only what they actually needed then the earth could potentially support a much higher figure.
There are current limiting factors for growth of humans are pollution and land for agriculture. Carrying capacity is the level of production that does not impact undesirably on the surrounding ecosystem.There are four categories such as - physical. ecological, economic, and social carrying capacities.
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_________ can take many different forms ranging from human organs to computer software.
Components can take many different forms ranging from human organs to computer software such as - CPU, Memory and IO.There are invincible indestructible and codependent connection between humans and computers.
CPU is like brain of the body which controls the computer , Memory which gain and store every commend like a human memory store Relationship is based on the difference and similarities between human and computers and the ways in which what one of them lacks be fulfilled by what the other one has.
Computer and humans inhabit same world in which they Seems to be existing in symbiosis, which means both are depend on each others.Collaborative computerized robots that are part machines part humans.
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After drying off a newborn he has a weak cry and poor muscle tone. what should you do?
We can give a blow by oxygen, so that babies can exchange air and the supplemental oxygen will during post birth.
What is Apgar test?
Baby's first cry will give a signal that his lungs work properly or not.
Similarly, hypotonia is condition of low muscle tone of baby after birth, and the symptoms include limp in arms.
These conditions can be diagnosed by Apgar test consist up one minute test and five minute test, tells about the entire birthing journey of a baby .
In this test, baby's color, respiratory effort, heart rate, muscle tone are detected and the maximum total score is ten, if baby get a score between 4 and 4, need assistance for breathing.
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It is likely that modern Homo sapiens first extended out of Africa by crossing the Sinai Peninsula from North Africa and moved into the ____, or eastern Mediterranean.
It is likely that modern Homo sapiens first extended out of Africa by crossing the Sinai Peninsula from North Africa and moved into the Levant or eastern Mediterranean.
Historically, a broad area in Western Asia's Eastern Mediterranean region has been referred to as the Levant.It is likely that modern Homo sapiens first extended out of Africa by crossing the Sinai Peninsula from North Africa and moved into the Levant or eastern Mediterranean.Levant originally meant "the East" or "Mediterranean lands east of Italy" when it first appeared in the English language in 1497. It is derived from the French word levant, which means "rising" and refers to the sun rising in the east or the sunrise location.Some of the earliest stone tools manufactured by our ancestors Homo erectus after they left Africa were made by the earliest humans in the Levant at a few known sites in Israel, Syria, and Jordan about 1.7 million years ago.learn more about Homo sapiens here: https://brainly.com/question/5176769
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The only cell type found superficial to the stratum spinosum in the epidermis is the?
The only cell type found superficial to the stratum spinosum in the epidermis is keratinocyte.
What is the function of epidermis?The principal function of the epidermis of the body is to provide protection from harmful substances like pathogenic bacteria, viruses etc.
It keeps our skin hydrated, help in production of new skin cells and determine its color.
In epidermis, the keratinocytes move to the layer of spiny-shaped cells called stratum spinosum.
The stratum spinosum is partially responsible for the skin’s strength and flexibility.
Hence, keratinocyte is found superficial to the stratum spinosum.
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What activated carriers, and how many of each, are produced during the citric acid cycle?
NADH, GTP, FADH2 are the activated carriers which are produced during the citric acid cycle.
What are activated carriers?A small molecule that has a chemical group attached to it through a high-energy linkage and can donate energy or the chemical group in a variety of chemical processes.
How these activated carriers are produced in Kreb's cycle?The inner mitochondrial membrane's electron-transport chain receives high-energy electron contributions from NADH and FADH2. The activated nucleoside triphosphate GTP, which is closely similar to ATP, is also produced by the citric acid cycle.Electrons from the combustion of carbs, lipids, and other nutrients during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are used to power the flow of ATP production. These "high-energy" electrons are produced by activated carriers produced during these two types of catabolic events, with the citric acid cycle operating in the mitochondrial matrix producing the majority of these activated carriers. The oxidation of molecules taken from food is finished by the citric acid cycle. The activated carriers NADH and FADH2 store some of the energy produced by this oxidation in the form of high-energy electrons. The inner mitochondrial membrane's electron-transport chain can then receive electrons from these two activated carriers.Learn more about activated carriers here:
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Why is it important for teachers to implement all six levels of bloom's taxonomy in their lesson plans?
It is important that teachers implement all six levels of Bloom's taxonomy in their lesson plans because Bloom's Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain is structured in levels of increasing complexity – from the simplest to the most complex – and that means that in order to acquire a new skill belonging to the next level, the student must have mastered and acquired the skill of the previous level.
What are the 6 levels and 3 domains of blooms taxonomy elaborate?Bloom's Taxonomy comprises three learning domains:
the cognitiveaffectiveand psychomotorand assigns to each of these domains a hierarchy that corresponds to different levels of learning. It's important to note that the different levels of thinking defined within each domain of the Taxonomy are hierarchical.
With this information, we can conclude that Bloom's taxonomy is a classification system used to define and distinguish different levels of human cognition
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Antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types are termed?
Antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types are termed as broad-spectrum drugs.
What are Antimicrobials?These refers to substances which kill or inhibit the growth of microbes such as bacteria, protozoa etc.
These type of drugs ensure their metabolism is altered thereby leading to their death. Those who are effective against a small variety are termed as narrow spectrum drugs while those who are effective against a wide variety of microbial types are broad-spectrum drugs.
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The town of Seaside needs to build a new power plant. The old coal burning plant produces too much pollution and is no longer safe. The mayor decides that he will do some research on alternative forms of energy like nuclear power plants and solar power plants.
What types of resources should the mayor use to conduct his research?
Why would these be considered reliable source of information?
What types of resources are reliable?
How can the mayor use what is learned to make the best decision for the town?
The mayor must depend on scientific articles and journals as the source documents for the research.
What is carbon emission?In most countries, there have been a serious commitment to reduce the rate of carbon emissions. This is because, carbon emission is one of the main catalysts for climate change and global warming. The temperatures of the earth have been rising steadily due to the emitting of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
The mayor would need to conduct his research using members of the academia and he has to depend on scientific articles and journals as the source documents for the research. The are reliable sources of information because they were authored by experts in the field who are authorities in that line of research.
After the research, the mayor must analyze the data and carry out an environmental impact assessment before carrying out any of the courses of action.
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You are working with a research group and discover fossils of large animal. Upon close examination, it looks to be a mammal and an ancestor to the modern tiger, that you temporarily name 'Species X' until you learn more about it. Using your knowledge of the fossil record, you attempt to determine its relative age. You know that ______ evolved before species X, ______ had already evolved and gone extinct before species X evolved, and ______ did not evolve until after species X went extinct.
A. Winged insects, Dinosaurs, Humans
B. Humans, Dinosaurs, Flowering plants
C. Dinosaurs, Invertebrates, Land plants
D. Trilobites, Reptiles, Birds
Section 1: ENERGY
Discuss how we obtain and use energy in this section of your project. You should include how we use natural resources to create energy and at least two different types of alternate energy sources.
name the two parts of an ecosystem from which organisms need resources to survive and reproduce?
Answer:
abiotic and biotic
Explanation:
the abiotic components of any ecosystem are properties os the environment
When lions pick off the slowest members of a herd they are hunting why is it beneficial to the group as a whole?
A. The herd puts the least desirable members on the outside for the lions to eat.
B. It keeps the lions busy long enough for the rest to get away.
C. It keeps the herd stronger through natural selection.
D. It does not benefit the herd.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The one that got caught was the one that was most likely least essential to the herds' survival. It was either sick, young, elderly or injured.
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. is an element found in all organic molecules. during respiration, animals excrete it as a gas known as .
carbon is an element found in all organic molecules. during respiration, animals excrete it as a gas known as carbon dioxide.
During respiration, all animals exhale carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of respiration; it is harmful if it remains in the body for an extended period of time and must be excreted. Instead of excreting carbon dioxide, plants use it to produce glucose and oxygen, which are then used by animals.
What makes carbon a good Atom for building with?Carbon has a remarkable ability to bind to a wide range of other elements. Carbon provides four electrons for the formation of covalent chemical bonds, allowing carbon atoms to form numerous stable bonds with other small atoms such as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
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The presence of both immature neutrophils and nucleated erythrocytes in the peripheral blood is most accurately called a:______.
The presence of both immature neutrophils and nucleated erythrocytes in the peripheral blood is most accurately called a Neutrophilic shift .
Immature neutrophils in the blood may indicate the presence of a disorder in the bone marrow, such as leukemia. When immature neutrophils are found in the blood, doctors usually take a sample of bone marrow .Nucleated RBCs (NRBCs) are immature RBCs not normally seen in the peripheral blood beyond the neonatal period. Their appearance in peripheral blood of children and adults signifies bone marrow damage or stress and potentially serious underlying disease. Nucleated red blood cells represent a very immature form of erythrocytes that are released by the bone marrow when the body significantly lacks red blood cells, such as in severe anemia, thalassemia.
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Hybrids hide one expression of a trait that reappears when hybrids are self-crossed because _____.
Hybrids hide one expression of a trait that reappears when hybrids are self-crossed because As gametes form, paired sets of elementen separate, and when gametes connect during fertilization, the elementen combine once more.
The process of interbreeding individuals from genetically diverse populations to create a hybrid is known as genetic hybridization. Therefore, a genetic hybrid would have two unique alleles of the same gene. Because hybrid animals lack functional sex cells, they are unable to produce sperm or eggs, rendering them infertile. This is true because their parents' chromosomes from different species don't line up.
The merging of male and female gametes from the same organism is known as a self cross. Selfing is another name for it.
Some features exhibit a pattern whereby one allele expresses itself in the hybrid (dominant), while a second allele is present but hidden (recessive). A dominant allele will show up externally in the organism when it is combined with either another dominant allele or a recessive allele. Only when two recessive alleles are combined will a recessive allele become visible.
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A(n) __________ is a layer of protein or glycoprotein that exhibits a pattern resembling floor tiles.
A coating of protein or glycoprotein that looks like floor tiles is called an "S-layer."
Description of "S-layer":
A paracrystalline surface layer(S-layer) serves as the most prevalent kind of cell wall in varieties of Archaea. It is made up of a layer that is consistently organized and is made of molecules of protein or glycoprotein that lock together. possesses a tile-like pattern in electron micrographs. S-layers typically range in thickness from 5 to 25 nm and feature similar holes that are 2 to 8 nm in diameter, however, this depends on the species. S-layers have been discovered in a number of bacterial species.
Functions and importance of "S-layer" in infection-causing bacteria:
Numerous potential uses for the S-layer have been mentioned. They consist of the following-
The S-layer may shield bacteria from dangerous enzymes, and pH fluctuations, the carnivorous microbe Bdellovibrio, is a parasitic microbe that really exploits its motility to infiltrate other bacteria and proliferate within its cell, and from phages.The S-layer can operate as an adhesin, allowing the bacteria to colonize and withstand washing by adhering to host tissues and external sites.The S-layer may increase virulence by shielding the bacteria from phagocytosis and complement assault.A coarse molecular filter might be formed by the S-layer.Learn more about S-layer here:
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Part B
Many rain forest plants are prone to developing fungal infections on their leaves. Fungi can grow rapidly in moist environments, and a serious infection can kill plants. One rain forest plant species has a genetic variation that affects its leaf structure. The traits and the descriptions of the plant’s leaves are listed in the chart.
Description
Trait A: medium-tip leaves Leaves are narrower toward the tips, but don't come to a full point. Most of the water drains from the leaves.
Trait B: drip-tip leaves Leaves come to a sharp point, leading to thorough water drainage from the leaves.
Trait C: wide-tip leaves Water runs onto the leaves and tends to pool in pockets at the tips.
During natural selection, organisms with harmful traits are less likely to successfully reproduce than organisms with beneficial traits. Neutral traits don’t improve or hurt an organism’s chances for survival. So, they tend to persist in populations when environmental conditions are stable. If the environment changes, neutral traits could become harmful or beneficial depending on the situation.
In year 1, a population of rain forest plants has the following distribution: 50% have medium-tip leaves, 25% have wide-tip leaves, and 25% have drip-tip leaves. You will simulate three years of this population: year 1, year 5, and year 10. How will the trait distribution most likely change over this time?
The trait distribution most likely change over this time such that the plants with favorable traits, medium-tip leaves and drip-tip leaves will survive due to natural selection.
What is natural selection?Natural selection is the process by which organisms which are better suited to their environment survive whereas those not suited die off.
The organisms that are suited to their environment possess special features which enable them to adapt to changes in their environment.
Considering the plants in the rainforest with different leaf tips:
Trait A: medium-tip leavesTrait B: drip-tip leavesTrait C: wide-tip leavesSince fungi grow in moist environments, it can be seen that plants with Trait C will be least favored to survive, while plants with Trait B will be most favored to survive by natural selection.
Thus;
In year 1: the composition of plants is 50% have medium-tip leaves, 25% have wide-tip leaves, and 25% have drip-tip leaves.In year 5: the composition of plants is 50% have medium-tip leaves, 25% have wide-tip leaves, and 0 % have drip-tip leavesIn year 10: the composition of plants is 25% have medium-tip leaves, 75% have wide-tip leaves, and 0% have drip-tip leaves.In conclusion, plants with favorable traits will survive due to natural selection.
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What is the effect of each of the 4 types of inhibitors on the initial rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction?
They are competitive inhibition, non-competitive inhibition, uncompetitive inhibition, and mixed inhibition are the 4 types of enzyme inhibition.
competitive inhibition: The enzyme's active site is occupied by a molecule other than the substrate, which results in competitive inhibition. The substrate and the inhibitor (molecule) are structurally and chemically related (hence able to bind to the active site). The competitive inhibitor blocks the active site to prevent substrate binding.In non-competitive inhibition, a substance binds to a site different from the active site (an allosteric site). The enzyme's active site changes structurally when the inhibitor binds to the allosteric site. This modification alters the affinity between the active site and substrate, prohibiting substrate binding. In non-competitive inhibition, the inhibitor only binds to the substrate-enzyme complex.Uncompetitive inhibition is frequent in reactions involving two or more substrates or products.Mixed inhibition: When an inhibitor binds both the enzyme by itself and the enzyme-substrate complex, mixed inhibition occurs. According to this scenario, the inhibitor may bind the enzyme by itself 60% of the time and the enzyme-substrate complex 40% of the time.learn more about enzyme inhibition here: https://brainly.com/question/14944549
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What effect did decreasing the extracellular sodium have on the resting membrane potential?
Decreasing the extracellular sodium makes the resting membrane potential disappear. It tends to become less negative. Only a minute change is seen because the resting neuron is not very permeable to sodium.
Sodium is a soft silvery-white metal in nature. In the nerve cells, Sodium (Na+) is critical for the action potential. Action potentials are recursively initiated as the extracellular concentration of Sodium ion Na+ is modified. As the quantity of sodium in the extracellular solution is decreased its action potential decreases as well. Therefore, the quantity of sodium is inversely proportional to its action potential.
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A population of 200 mice contains 168 brown mice. brown is dominant to gray. how much of the population would be heterozygous?
84%
84% of the population of mice would be heterozygous.
What does heterozygous mean?Heterozygous refers to the presence of two different allele types for the same gene. For a single gene, these alleles display two distinct character types. An illustration would be someone with an allele for both brown and black hair.
There are 200 mice in total, 168 of which are brown.
By the Hardy–Weinberg (HW) equilibrium
q² (bb) = (200 - 168) /200 = 32 / 200 = 0.16
q: √ 0.16 = 0.4
p = 1 - q = 1 - 0.4 = 0.6
p² (BB) = 0.6 x 0.6 = 0.36
Thus, 84% of the population of mice would be heterozygous.
What is meant by population heterozygosity?Given that q2 is significantly smaller than 2pq when q is close to zero and p2 is significantly smaller than 2pq when p is close to zero, rare alleles are mostly found in heterozygotes. This is known as population heterozygosity.To learn more about heterozygous population visit:
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Discuss how temperature and amount of precipitation can affect the type of plants and animals found in the deciduous biome.
Climate affects the type of plants and animals found in the deciduous biome. The high temperatures and rain create a warm, damp environment that insects enjoy living in. Many kinds of plants, animals, and insects have all evolved to suit the climate. This variety of creatures is what makes deciduous biome unique.
What types of plants and animals are found in deciduous biome?Calm deciduous timberlands are found within the mid-latitude zones which implies that they are found between the polar locales and the tropics. The deciduous timberland locales are uncovered to warm and cold discuss masses, which cause this range to have four seasons. The temperature changes broadly from season to season with cold winters and hot, damp summers. The normal annually temperature is approximately 10°C. The regions in which deciduous timberlands are found get almost 750 to 1,500 mm of precipitation spread decently evenly throughout the year. During the drop, trees change color and after that lose their takes off. Typically in arrangement for the winter season. Since it gets so cold, the trees have adjusted to the winter by going into a period of torpidity or rest. They too have thick bark to ensure them from the cold climate. Trees bloom and develop amid the spring and summer developing season. Many distinctive sorts of trees, bushes, and herbs develop in deciduous woodlands.To know more about Biomes visit:
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A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would Group of answer choices increase intestinal motility. decrease intestinal motility. increase gastric secretion. decrease gastric secretion.
A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would decrease intestinal motility.
A network of nerves that runs between the layers of the muscular propria in the digestive system is referred to as the myenteric plexus, also referred to as the Auerbach plexus (plural: plexuses). The plexus aids in controlling peristalsis in the digestive system, among other things.The peristaltic motion of the bowels is primarily controlled by the myenteric plexus. Although it is connected to the autonomic nervous system, which connects the central and enteric nervous systems, it can act independently of the central nervous system.Thus, A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would lead to a decrease in intestinal motility.learn more about myenteric plexus here:
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