Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism levels are the six general levels of the organisation, listed from smallest to largest. The following levels are included: chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal.
Organizational hierarchy is built up from lower levels. Cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems are the four levels of organisation that make up an organism. These levels categorise intricate anatomical structures into categories, making the parts simpler to comprehend. Chemicals, which can range in size from the smallest atoms to the greatest macromolecules, are thought to be the smallest and lowest organisational unit in a living system. An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform important tasks or satisfy the body's physiological needs.
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Consider the following ratios of bases:
Ratio 1: (A+T)/(G+C)
Ratio 2: (A+G)/(C+T)
Ratio 3: A/C
Which of these ratios is expected to be a constant for double-stranded DNA, regardless of the species?
Ratio 1: (A+T)/(G+C) is expected to be a constant for double-stranded DNA, regardless of the species. This is because the number of A and T bases is equal to the number of G and C bases, resulting in a constant ratio.
What is Double-Stranded DNA?Double-stranded DNA is a type of DNA molecule that consists of two complementary, complementary strands of nucleotides. The strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs: adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C). The two strands run in opposite directions and form a double helix structure. This type of DNA structure is found in most organisms and plays a crucial role in the storage and transmission of genetic information.
Therefore, ratio 1 which is (A+T)/(G+C) is expected to be a constant for double-stranded DNA, regardless of the species. This is because the number of A and T bases is equal to the number of G and C bases, resulting in a constant ratio.
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If anyone can help me please. Asap!!!!!!!
The proteins that make up the class of molecules known as enzymes are the class of molecules that all living cells must use to power the enzymes that carry out all of the functions of the cell.
What supplies the cells' primary energy?ATP serves as the engine that propels cells, and it is itself renewed by electrons moving through a number of electron-transport proteins.
How does ATP provide energy to cells?The ATP molecule splits off one of its three phosphates when a cell has to expend energy to complete a task, resulting in the formation of ADP (Adenosine di-phosphate) + phosphate. That phosphate molecule's energy is now free and can now be used by the cell to perform tasks.
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Would you expect a chromosome that has a large amount of repeated DNA sequence to have a high or low density of genes?
All higher plants include repetitive DNA sequences, which can make up as much as 90% of some species' genomes. It is believed that these repeated DNA sequences produce significant variations in genomes, which may reflect the evolutionary gaps across species.
On a chromosome, a tandem repeat is a sequence of two or more DNA bases that is repeated frequently head-to-tail. Non-coding DNA frequently contains tandem repeats.
Tandem repeats can occasionally be used as genetic markers to trace family ancestry. The dinucleotide repeat (GT)n, with a total copy number of 100,000, is the most prevalent of these scattered repeats, occurring in the human genome on average every 30,000 bases.
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knowledge of the structure of body parts helps us to understand their function. which of the following is an accurate example of that principle?
Movable joints allow us to be able to bend our fingers so that we can perform many different actions and this proves that knowledge of the structure of our own body parts can helps us to understand their function.
Hence, the correct option is option C. Moveable joints allow us to bend our fingers in order to perform many different actions.
The human body is very diverse with every part of the body performing diverse functions which help us with day to day life and functioning. An understanding of how the human body works is very important have a better knowledge of how to use it perform necessary tasks.
For example, the moveable joints are present in a lot of locations in our body, especially in the limbs. The joints in our shoulders, knees and even our fingers allow us to move them in voluntary manner and perform the required tasks.
--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Knowledge of the structure of body parts helps us to understand their function. Which of the following is an accurate example of that principle?
A) The basic structural unit of the body is the cell.
B) The internal environment of the body is maintained in a relatively stable condition.
C) Moveable joints allow us to bend our fingers to perform many different actions.
D) Each tissue type is composed of cells that have a similar structure and function.
E) Negative feedback is not homeostatic."--
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Classify each body organ to its correct body cavity where it is located in the human body by clicking and dragging the labels to the correct location
The abdominal cavity and the Organ of Digestive System contain the stomach, liver, and small intestine.
What is body cavity?The internal organs, or viscera, are found in the cavities or gaps of the body. The ventral and dorsal cavities are the names of the two primary cavities.
The diaphragm, a dome-shaped respiratory muscle, divides the larger ventral cavity into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
Here,
Abdominal cavity have Stomach, liver, spleen, and small intestine.Cranial cavity have brain.Pelvic cavity have urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs.Thoracic cavity have lungs and heart.Vertebral cavity have spinal cord.Thus, this is the classification for the given scenario.
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Your question seems incomplete, the missing image is:
drag two of the labels of group 1 to identify the distances between loci. each label gives the distance in map units. one map unit, or one centimorgan (cm), is equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency. drag the labels of group 2 to identify the allele loci indicated by vertical dashes. note that the apricot allele is already labeled.
Group 1: Distances between loci
14.2 cm ____ Apricot ____ 3.1 cm
Group 2: The allele loci indicated by vertical dashes
Purple ____ White ____ Red
The labels from Group 1's loci indicate that they are separated by 14.2 centimorgans (14.2 map units) and 3.1 cm, respectively (3.1 centimorgans or 3.1 map units). Vertical dashes denote the allele loci for Purple, White, and Red, with the Apricot allele already identified.
An allele is a gene's variable form. Alleles can be passed down from one generation to the next and are responsible for a species' genetic variety. Every gene in an individual normally has two copies, one from each parent. Alleles can be recessive, which requires two copies of the allele to express a trait, or dominant, which requires only one copy of the allele to exhibit a trait.
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1.) which of the following statements about neurotransmission is true? group of answer choices all or none potentials (action potentials), once triggered, sometimes fade and die before reaching the axon terminal myelination of axons allows action potentials to travel more quickly in its resting state, the neuron is positively charged all of the above statements are true
Since myelination of axons speeds up the movement of action potentials while a neuron is at rest, neurotransmission can sometimes fade and die before reaching the axon terminal.
The process of neurotransmission occurs when signalling molecules, known as neurotransmitters, are released from a neuron's axon terminal and bind to and interact with receptors on the dendrites of a nearby neuron. Retrograde neurotransmission involves a similar process where the dendrites of the postsynaptic neuron release retrograde neurotransmitters that signal via receptors on the presynaptic neuron's axon terminal, primarily at GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses.
The availability and pace of synthesis of the neurotransmitter, its release, and other variables all play a role in controlling neurotransmission.
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____ cultures emphasize independence and self-expression, whereas ____ cultures emphasize obedience and group harmony.
Individualistic societies esteem individual opportunities, individual accomplishment, and self-articulation.
They focus on private objectives and interests over a bunch of objectives and put accentuate freedom and individual independence. Interestingly, collectivistic societies center around saving gathering amicability, and focusing on the prosperity and interests of the local area over those of the person.
Acquiescence and regard for power are exceptionally esteemed in collectivistic societies, and individuals are supposed to adjust to bunch standards and values. Individualistic societies focus on self-articulation and autonomy, while collectivistic societies stress acquiescence and gathering congruity.
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Could anyone tell me what's the difference between Pest and Parasite?
Pests and parasites have similarities because both cause problems for humans. Both can spread diseases too. Parasites will depend on their host for survival, just like how pests cause damage to human food, crops, and properties to get what they need.
Barbiturates are grouped according to their _________, which also happens to correspond to how quickly they act after being taken by mouth.
A. duration of action
B. potency
C. toxicity
D. route of administration
A. Duration of action
Which description correctly pairs all three ecosystems with an example of that type of ecosystem?
freshwater - oceans; marine - rivers; terrestrial - marshes
freshwater - ponds; marine - oceans; terrestrial - deserts
freshwater - estuaries; saltwater - oceans; terrestrial - marshes
freshwater - rivers; saltwater - lakes; terrestrial - forests
The description which correctly pairs all the three ecosystems correctly with their example are: freshwater-ponds; marine-oceans; and terrestrial-deserts. Thus, the correct option is B.
What are freshwater habitats?The habitats is the place where an organism lives. In the habitat where the water is freshwater, then it is called as fresh water habitat. If the aquatic habitat has the marine or saltwater in it, then it is called as marine habitat. The ocean water has salt dissolved in it and is thus called as a marine habitat. While the ponds, lakes, and rivers are freshwater habitat.
The examples of freshwater habitats include ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams, while that of marine habitats include the ocean and salty seas. And, the ponds and lakes are both stationary bodies of freshwater, with ponds being smaller than that of lakes.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
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The peptide interbridge crosslinking between peptidoglycan layers is found ONLY in the cell walls of gram-negative Bacteria. O Archaea. Eukarya. gram-positive Bacteria.
Option 4 is Correct. Only the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria exhibit the peptide interbridge crosslinking between peptidoglycan layers.
One tetrapeptide is connected to another in many gram positive bacteria by a cross-bridge made of five amino acids, such as glycine (peptide interbridge).
The bacterial cell wall, also known as peptidoglycan or murein, is a strong, rigid, strongly cross-linked polymer made of polysaccharide chains with peptide cross-links that is necessary for bacteria to keep their form and endure significant osmotic pressure changes.
Almost all bacteria have peptididoglycan (murein), which is a crucial and distinctive part of the bacterial cell wall, on the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane (Rogers et al., 1980; Park, 1996; Nanninga, 1998; Mengin-Lecreulx & Lemaitre, 2005).
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Correct Question:
The peptide interbridge crosslinking between peptidoglycan layers is found ONLY in the cell walls of
1. gram-negative Bacteria.
2. Archaea.
3. Eukarya.
4. gram-positive Bacteria.
Over the span of a decade, The amount of rain in ecosystem receives per year decreases 75%.
How is this change most likely to affect the ecosystem?
The most significant direct drivers of ecosystem change include habitat change (land use change, physical modification of rivers, or water extraction from rivers), overexploitation, invasive alien species, pollution, and climate change.
How do these changes impact the ecosystem?The effects of climate change on ecosystems decrease their capacity to enhance water quality and control water flows. Numerous species may be lost or displaced as a result of rapid environmental changes. The timing of biological processes is changing, which has an impact on species and environments.The most significant direct drivers of ecosystem change include habitat change (land use change, physical modification of rivers, or water extraction from rivers), overexploitation, invasive alien species, pollution, and climate change.The most significant direct drivers of ecosystem change include habitat change (land use change, physical modification of rivers, or water extraction from rivers), overexploitation, invasive alien species, pollution, and climate change.The complete question is,
What has the greatest impact on the ecosystem?
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Answer:
It's B, Biotic factors will no longer be supported. Thus decreasing the stability of the system. Explanation: I just took the quiz.
How does the central vacuole
keep a plant upright?
A. It pushes against the soil, creating pressure
that keeps the plant upright.
B. It spins in fast circles to keep the plant
upright.
C. It uses turgor pressure to force the cell
wall to be rigid and keep the plant upright.
Answer:
C. It uses turgor pressure
Explanation:
Central vacuoles are large, membrane-bound organelles found in plant cells that act as a storage space for water and other molecules in the cell. A fluid-filled central vacuole exerts pressure on the surrounding components of the cell and the cell wall.
In a plant cell, the central vacuole stores water and regulates turgor pressure. Additionally, it forces the cell's contents toward the membrane, enabling plant cells to absorb more light energy for photosynthesis, the process of turning sunlight into food.
describe how temperature is regulated using negative feedback
Answer:
Negative feedback - example
If the hypothalamus detects that the body is too hot, the response is that the body begins to sweat to try and reduce the temperature back to the correct level. Once the body temperature is back to the correct level, sweating will stop.
negative feedback can regulate the temperature by allowing glands to begun the sweating process once the temperature becomes normal it stimulates the glands to stop the process of sweating
why is energy not conserved in the carbon cycle
Energy is not conserved in the carbon cycle because it is an open system.
Why is energy not conserved in the carbon cycle?Energy is not conserved in the carbon cycle, but it is transformed from one form to another. For example, the energy stored in carbon compounds such as glucose is released through cellular respiration and used by organisms for growth and metabolic processes.
The carbon cycle also involves the transfer of energy from the sun to plants through photosynthesis, and from the atmosphere to the ocean through the dissolution of carbon dioxide. Overall, energy is neither created nor destroyed in the carbon cycle, but is transformed from one form to another.
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prologue: the woman in the photograph the author uses several similes to describe cells. what simile does she use to describe the way a cell looks? what simile does she use to explain the functions of the different parts of a cell? what do these similes suggest about biology? what is mitosis? what beneficial biological processes involve mitosis? what simile does donald defler use to describe mitosis? what happens when there is a mistake during the process of mitosis? according to defler, how important was the discovery of hela cells? as a high school student, skloot began researching hela cells to find out more about henrietta lacks. examine pages 5 and 6 and write down each step that skloot took to begin her research.
The author uses the simile of a city to describe the way a cell looks, comparing its various parts to buildings and streets.
She compares the functions of the parts of the cell to a car, with the nucleus being the driver, the mitochondria being the engine, and the ribosomes being the wheels. These similes suggest that biology is complex and interconnected, much like the parts of a city or a car.
Mitosis can be likened to a factory assembly line, with replicated chromosomes moving along a conveyor belt to be separated into two daughter cells. This process is essential for many aspects of life, such as the growth and repair of tissue, the production of gametes in sexual reproduction, and the formation of new organisms. Mitosis is a vital component of cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells, ensuring the continuation of life.
The discovery of HeLa cells was an important breakthrough, as it provided a reliable source of cells for scientific research, which allowed for greater understanding of diseases like cancer and Down syndrome. Mistakes that occur during mitosis can result in daughter cells having too much or too little genetic material, leading to these genetic disorders.
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A spider has evolved to have the shape of an ant, which protects it from predators. This spider is a _____.
In order to protect itself from predators, a spider is evolved to resemble an ant. This spider resembles Batesian ants.
What name do predators go by?The Yautja, also known as the Hunter or Hunter, are an otherworldly species distinguished by their practise of killing other hazardous species for amusement and honour, including people.
Do Predators still exist?They worked together to try to discover a way out and get back to Earth. Royce and Isabelle were left trapped on the planet following an unsuccessful attempt to escape on a Yautja spacecraft; they became the only of the group to surviving the encounter with Super Predators.
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To which molecules can amino acids be converted when entering the energy pathways of cellular respiration?
Amino acids can be converted in to pyruvate, acetyl CoA, or some components of the citric acid cycle while entering the energy pathways of cellular respiration.
Proteins must first be disassembled into their component amino acids before they can be utilised in the cellular respiration pathway. Each amino acid has its amino group removed (deaminated), which produces ammonia. The liver of mammals produces urea by combining two ammonia molecules with one carbon dioxide molecule. Because nitrogen comes from amino acids in animals, the main waste product from nitrogen is urea, which is excreted in urine.
Which intermediate of the cellular respiration pathway the amino acid will be transformed into after deamination depends on its chemical composition. These intermediaries come into contact with cells during various stages of the citric acid cycle. Before accessing any of the pathways for the breakdown of glucose, amino acids must be deaminated. This process turns the amino group into ammonia, which the liver uses to make urea. To enter the routes of glucose catabolism, deaminated amino acids can be transformed into pyruvate, acetyl CoA, or various elements of the citric acid cycle. Numerous amino acids can enter the processes that break down glucose.
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15. When a tree grows, the majority of its "mass" comes from
A. the soil and water
C. the soil, water, and oxygen
B. water and carbon dioxide
D. water and oxygen
Answer:
B. Water and Carbon Dioxide.
Calculate the number of moles of oxygen gas required for the average person per day. (1 point)
The daily need for oxygen gas for the typical individual is 840/32 = 26.25 moles.
What does the general gas legislation state?He found that the volume and temperature are connected when the pressure of a gas is held constant; V/T = Constant. The ideal gas law, which again was created by combining these rules, is nowadays the only set truth for gases.
What does combined gas law mean?The three gas laws of Charles' law, Boyle's law, and Gay-Lussac law are combined to create the combined gas law, often known as an ideal gas law equation. When considering a specific amount of gas, the law demonstrates the relationship amongst temperature, volume, and pressure.
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A parfocal microscope is one that keeps the specimen in focus (or very close to it) when a higher-power objective lens is rotated into position, after focusing with a lower-power objective.
True False
A parfocal microscope is one that keeps the specimen in focus (or very close to it) when a higher-power objective lens is rotated into position, after focusing with a lower-power objective. The given statement is true.
The high power objective lens on the compound light microscope provides the highest magnification. A parfocal microscope is one that retains the specimen in focus (or extremely close) after focusing with a lower-power objective lens.
A "parfocal" microscope is one that, if it is in focus with one objective, will remain (largely) in focus when the objective is rotated.
For example, if the focus of a microscope is changed from a low power objective (10x) to a higher power objective (40x or 100. x), the object remains in focus.
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What color will a solution of water, glucose, and Benedict's reagent turn?
Answer: Benedict's reagent starts out aqua-blue. As it is heated in the presence of reducing sugars, it turns yellow to orange. The "hotter" the final color of the reagent, the higher the concentration of reducing sugar.
Menstrual cramps are caused by prostaglandins which are both produced by and affect the uterus. Because they are produced by and affect the same area of the body they are considered ____ hormones.
local / autocrine
Menstrual cramps are caused by prostaglandins which are both produced by and affect the uterus. Because they are produced by and affect the same area of the body they are considered local hormones.
What are local hormones?Local hormones can be defined as chemical messengers that affect the phenotype of neighboring cells when secreted, thereby having a local effect that may be controlled in a very specific way by the body.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that local hormones have a local close effect on the cells in the tissue in which they are secreted.
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In rabbits, a dominant allele S results in long hair, and a recessive allele s results in short hair. At a separate unlinked gene, a dominant B allele results in black hair, and a recessive allele b results in brown hair. Match each of the following crosses, with the correct expected ratio of rabbits with long black hair : long brown hair : short black hair : short brown hair.
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1 long black: 1 long brown: 1 short black: 1 short brown
9 long black: 3 long brown: 3 short black: 1 short brown
1 long black: 1 long brown: 0 short black: 0 short brown
3 long black: 1 long brown: 3 short black: 1 short brown
3 long black: 3 long brown: 1 short black: 1 short brown
SsBb X ssbb
1 long black: 1 long brown: 1 short black: 1 short brown
SsBb X SsBb
9 long black: 3 long brown: 3 short black: 1 short brown
SsBb X Ssbb
1 long black: 1 long brown: 0 short black: 0 short brown
SsBb X ssBb
3 long black: 1 long brown: 3 short black: 1 short brown
SSBb X Ssbb
3 long black: 3 long brown: 1 short black: 1 short brown
Matches with the correct expected ratio of rabbits with
long black hair : long brown hair : short black hair : short brown hair
is given below.
SsBb X ssbb = 1 long black: 1 long brown: 1 short black: 1 short brownSsBb X SsBb = 9 long black: 3 long brown: 3 short black: 1 short brownSsBb X Ssbb = 1 long black: 1 long brown: 0 short black: 0 short brownSsBb X ssBb = 3 long black: 1 long brown: 3 short black: 1 short brownSSBb X Ssbb = 3 long black: 3 long brown: 1 short black: 1 short brownIn genetics, a cross describes the process of breeding two organisms with different genetic traits. When two organisms are crossed, the offspring receive a combination of traits from both parents. The ratio of the offspring's traits are determined by the alleles they receive from each parent, as well as the dominance of those alleles.
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Complete Question:
In rabbits, a dominant allele S results in long hair, and a recessive allele s results in short hair. At a separate unlinked gene, a dominant B allele results in black hair, and a recessive allele b results in brown hair. Match each of the following crosses, with the correct expected ratio of rabbits with long black hair : long brown hair : short black hair : short brown hair.
1 long black: 1 long brown: 1 short black: 1 short brown9 long black: 3 long brown: 3 short black: 1 short brown1 long black: 1 long brown: 0 short black: 0 short brown3 long black: 1 long brown: 3 short black: 1 short brown3 long black: 3 long brown: 1 short black: 1 short brownSsBb X ssbb 1 long black: 1 long brown: 1 short black: 1 short brownSsBb X SsBb 9 long black: 3 long brown: 3 short black: 1 short brownSsBb X Ssbb 1 long black: 1 long brown: 0 short black: 0 short brownSsBb X ssBb 3 long black: 1 long brown: 3 short black: 1 short brownSSBb X Ssbb 3 long black: 3 long brown: 1 short black: 1 short brownexplain how physical variation is expressed in human beings and how it relates to cultural groups and ethnicty
Answer:
Race refers to dividing people into groups, often based on physical characteristics. Ethnicity refers to the cultural expression and identification of people of different geographic regions, including their customs, history, language, and religion. In basic terms, race describes physical traits, and ethnicity refers to cultural identification.
Explanation:
An organism having the genotype AaBbCcDdEe is self-fertilized. Assuming the loci assort independently, determine the following proportions:A. gametes that are expected to carry only dominant alleles.B. progeny that are expected to have a genotype identical to that of the parent.C. progeny that are expected to have a phenotype identical to that of the parent.D. progeny that are expected to have the genotype AABBCcddE
A. 25% of gametes will carry only dominant alleles.
B. 12.5% of progeny are expected to have the same genotype as the parent.
C. 25% of progeny are expected to have the same phenotype as the parent.
D. 0.78% of progeny are expected to have the genotype AABBCcddE.
Out of the 16 possible gametes produced by the parent organism, 4 (25%) will carry only dominant alleles.
12.5% (1 out of 8) of the progeny are expected to have the same genotype as the parent organism due to self-fertilization.
25% (2 out of 8) of the progeny are expected to have the same phenotype as the parent organism due to the combination of dominant and recessive alleles present.
The probability of the genotype AABBCcddE is 0.78% (0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5).
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____ is achieved when there is an equal concentration of water and electrolytes inside and outside the body's cells.
Isotonic condition is achieved when there is an equal concentration of water and electrolytes inside and outside the body's cells.
The act of maintaining the water and salt balance (osmotic balance) across membranes in the body's fluids, which are made up of water as well as electrolytes and non-electrolytes, is known as osmoregulation. An electrolyte is a solute that, when dissolved in water, separates into ions. In contrast, a non-electrolyte does not split into ions during the dissolving of water. The osmotic equilibrium is influenced by electrolytes and non-electrolytes alike. Blood plasma, the cytosol found inside cells, and interstitial fluid—the fluid that fills the spaces between the body's cells and tissues—are among the fluids that make up the human body. The body's membranes, including the cell, pleural, and serous membranes, are semi-permeable membranes. Certain types of solutes and water pass through semi-permeable membranes (or are permissive to pass through them).
By moving solutes and/or water across the membrane, solutions on two sides of a semi-permeable membrane tend to have identical solute concentrations. A cell placed in water has a tendency to enlarge as a result of the environment's water gain from being hypotonic or "low salt." On the other hand, a cell placed in a solution with more salt tends to cause the membrane to shrivel up as a result of water loss into the hypertonic or "high salt" environment. The osmotic pressure on either side of the semi-permeable cell membrane is equalised in isotonic cells by the equal concentration of solutes inside and outside the cell.
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which statements are true about the phylogeny of chordates? mammals and reptiles have both an amniotic egg and hair. tunicates and lancelets have vertebrae, but they lack jaws. the amniotic egg in reptiles and mammals is a synapomorphy. only mammals, reptiles, and amphibians have living species. lobe-finned fishes feature lungs and vertebrae.
It is true that "the amniotic egg present in reptiles and mammals is a synapomorphy" and "the lobe-finned fishes feature lungs and vertebrae."
Chordata is basically a phylum or a group of animals which have a notochord. The group consists of vertebrates also with some of the closely related invertebrates.
Most of the jawed vertebrates belong to the Osteichthyes which is a major radiation of vertebrates which is divided into two monophyletic clades namely the Sarcopterygii (which includes the lobe-finned fishes and tetrapods) and Actinopterygii (which includes the ray-finned fishes).
Synapomorphy is basically a particular characteristic which is present in an ancestral species and is shared exclusively. The amniotic egg present in reptiles and mammals is a synapomorphy.
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the gills of a mushroom are . when the mushroom is first formed, a basidium is . following karyogamy, a basidium is .the basidium then undergoes meiosis, which produces spores.
Answer:
The gills of a mushroom are the structures that produce the spores of the fungus (spores). When the mushroom is first formed, a basidium is a single cell that will eventually produce spores of the fungus. Following karyogamy (the fusion of two nuclei), a basidium is a cell with a single nucleus that will divide to produce spores. The basidium then undergoes meiosis, which produces four haploid spores that will eventually develop into spores of the fungus.
