a) Mg3N2 is the limiting reactant.
b) H2O is the excess reactant.
c) 1.41 g of the excess reactant is left when the reaction stops
d) The percent yield of NH3 is 95.51%.
e) Total Theoretical yield of product is 11.17g.
What is reaction?
A reaction is a process that involves a change in the arrangement of atoms, molecules, or ions to form new substances with different properties from the original substances.
a) First, we need to convert the masses of Mg3N2 and H2O to moles:
Moles of Mg3N2 = 7.3 g / (3 x 24.31 g/mol + 2 x 14.01 g/mol) = 0.0442 mol
Moles of H2O = 5.3 g / 18.02 g/mol = 0.294 mol
Next, we need to find out which reactant is limiting by comparing the number of moles of each reactant to the stoichiometric ratio:
Mg3N2 : H2O = 0.0442 mol : (0.294 mol/3) = 0.098 mol
The ratio of Mg3N2 to H2O is 1:3, so we need to divide the number of moles of H2O by 3.
Since the ratio of Mg3N2 to H2O is greater than 1:3, Mg3N2 is the limiting reactant.
b) H2O is the excess reactant.
c) from balanced that, chemical reaction it is clear
I mole of Mg3N2 react with 3 mole H2O
0:0722 mole of Mg 3 N₂ react with = 3x0-0722 =0.2166 mol of H20
mass of H2o reacted with Mg, N₂ = moles * molar mass
= 0.2166 x 18 = 3.89 g of H20
remaining Excess reagent after the reaction
⇒ 5.30 g -3.89g
= 1.41 g
d) from balanced chemical reaction it is clear that
I mole of Mg3N₂ produced = mole of NH3
0.0722 mole of Mg 3 N₂ produced = 2X0.0722 mole of NH3
= 0.144 mole of NH3
mass of NH3 produced = 0.144 x 17 = 2.45 g NH3
Theoretical yield = 2.45 g of NH3
Actual yield = 2.34g of NH3
Percent yield = actual yield/ Percent yield X 100
= 2.34/ 2.45 X 100 = 95.51%
e) From balanced chemical rxn it is clear that
I mole of Mg3 N₂ produced = 3 mole of MgO
0.0722 mole of Mg3 N₂ produced= 3x0.0722 mole of MgO
= 0.2166 mole of MgO
mass of MgO produced = 0.2166 x 40.36 8.72 g of MgO
=8.72 g of MgO
Total Theoretical yield of product (MgO + NH3) in gram = 2.45+ 8.72
= 11.17g
Therefore, Mg3N2 is the limiting reactant, H2O is the excess reactant, 1.41 g of the excess reactant is left when the reaction stops, The percent yield of NH3 is 95.51% and Total Theoretical yield of product is 11.17g.
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The Frackville Power Plant combusts methane to produce electricity. The plant burns 37,500,000 cubic yards of methane each year. The plant produces 61,626,000 kWh of electricity. Calculate the efficiency of this power plant. (Hint: 1 yd3 = 27 ft3)
The efficiency of this power plant that combusts methane to produce electricity is 4.8%.
Given the area of methane = 37,500,000 cubic yards
The power of electricity = 61,626,000 kWh
It is given that the power plant combusts methane to produce electricity.
We know that the efficiency of power is equal to the electricity generated divided by the energy used for combustion.
1 yard^3 = 27ft^3
37,500,000 cubic yards x 27 = 1,012,500,000 cubic feet
Efficiency = energy output/energy input
Efficiency = (61,626,000 kWh) / 1,012,500,000 cubic feet
Here, BTU is the common unit of energy so,
1,012,500,000 cubic feet of methane = 5,072,500,000,000 Joules where 1 Joule = 0.0009478 BTU
5,072,500,000,000 Joules x 0.0009478 = 4,787,039,500,000 BTU
We know that 1 kWh = 3412 BTU then,
61,626,000 kWh = 61,626,000 * 3412 BTU = 210,343,312,000 BTU
efficiency = 210,343,312,000 BTU / 4,787,039,500,000 BTU = 0.0438%
Efficiency = 4.38%
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Two hockey players attempt to move the puck at rest. Each player applies a 10 N force on either side of the puck.
What is the resulting motion of the puck?
The puck will move in the direction of the heaviest player.
The puck will move away from the heaviest player.
The puck will not move because equal forces are acting on it.
The puck will not move due to gravity.
As a result of friction, kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy, which lowers velocity as a byproduct.
Describe a motion example.Motion is a characteristic of moving objects. Our daily lives involve a lot of motion, a phenomenon. For instance, the vehicle you are currently in moves, as does the universe, the planet, the air we breathe, the blood in our veins, and a host of other things.
Motion changes in what ways?The total force acting on an item determines its motion; if that total force is not zero, the object will move in a different direction. More mass means the object is heavier.
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5. When 5.20 g of chlorine is added to 8.7 of acetylene, C_{2}*H_{2} 3.86 g of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, C_{2}*H_{2}*C*l_{41} is formed: what is the limiting reagent? What is the present yield of this reaction
The limiting reagent in this reaction is chlorine. This is because it is present in the smallest amount of the reactants (5.20 g of chlorine compared to 8.7 g of acetylene).
What is chlorine ?Chlorine is a chemical element found on the periodic table with the atomic number of 17. It is a halogen and a powerful oxidizing agent, meaning it readily reacts and binds with other elements to form compounds. Chlorine is found in nature in the form of salt, which is a compound of chlorine and sodium. It is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature, and it has a strong, distinct smell. Chlorine is widely used in industry and is found in many everyday products.
The theoretical yield of this reaction is 3.86 g of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. This is because the amount of chlorine present is enough to completely react with the acetylene, forming the maximum possible amount of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. The actual yield of the reaction is dependent on the efficiency of the reaction and the purity of the reactants.
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Science (middle school work)
The answers include the following:
Population have variations which is the level of differences between two or more populations such as height and color differences etc.Some variations are favorable such that it makes an individual or organism better suited to survive and reproduce in their environment and an example is the long neck of the giraffe.Those that survive have favorable traits because it gives them some advantage and are more likely to survive and reproduce such as the speed of some preys such as deer etc.What is Variation?This is referred to as the difference in DNA among individuals or the differences between populations.
The organisms which survive have favorable traits because it gives them some advantage and are more likely to survive and reproduce such as the speed of some preys such as deer which helps it to evade predators and gives them enough time to mate and reproduce.
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PLEASE HELP
You perform an electrolysis of NaCl and collect one of the products in a test tube. You realize later you did not label the test tube. You dip a strip of pH paper into the test tube and get no reaction. You dip a dry strip of damp pH paper into the tube and it turns white. You hold a lit match near the mouth of the test tube and get no reaction. Which product is in the test tube?
A. Oxygen gas
B. Hydrogen gas
C. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
D. Chlorine gas
Answer:
Answer = 'A' => Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
Explanation:
Aqueous electrolysis of salt solutions finds the salt ions in competition with electrolysis of water at the respective electrodes. That is, water can undergo reduction at the cathode as can the cation of the salt; while at the anode water can undergo oxidation as can the anion of the salt. The competing reactions are as follows:
Cathode:
Cation + electrons => Reduced form of metal in Basic Standard State
H₂O(l) + 2e⁻ ⇄ 2OH⁻(aq) + H₂(g)
Anode:
Anion ⇄ Basic Standard State element + electrons
2H₂O(l) ⇄ O₂(g) + 4H⁺(aq) + 4e⁻
Na⁺ + e⁻ => Na⁰(s); εo = -2.71v
2H₂O(l) + 2e⁻ ⇄ 2OH⁻(aq) + H₂(g); εo = -0.83v (Dominant Rxn at cathode – more positive value)
At the Anode:
Cl⁻(aq) => Cl₂(g) + 2e⁻; εo = 1.36v
2H₂O(l) => O₂(g) + 4H⁺ + 4e⁻; εo = 1.23v (Dominant Rxn at anode – more positive value)
Since the more dominant reaction at the cathode produces hydroxide ions, the solution would become alkaline with Na⁺ ions already present. NaOH will effect the change in color of red litmus to blue. The gases produced in the half-reactions would have evaporated and not be present for flame test.
The distinction can be determined by comparing the 'Standard Reduction Potentials' of the half-reactions. At the cathode (site of reduction), the more positive electrode potential will dominate while at the anode (site of oxidation) the more negative electrode potential will dominate.
For NaCl(s) => Na⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) finds the ions in competition with the oxidation and reduction reactions of water.
At the Cathode:
i need help answering these questions
The properties of gas are that they are easy to compress and they will expend to fill their container as well as they occupy more space then the liquids and solids they originated from.
What is gas?An imaginary gas which perfectly obeys gas laws is called as an ideal gas. It is a hypothetical gas whose molecules do not occupy any space and have no interactions among themselves.
This is the formula:
P . V = n . R. T
where P respresents the pressure of the gas, the V the volume where the gas is contained and T refers to the absolute T (T° in K)
R is the Universal Gases constant → 8.31 J/K.mol or 0.082 L.atm/mol.
Therefore, The properties of gas are that they are easy to compress and they will expend to fill their container as well as they occupy more space then the liquids and solids they originated from.
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Suppose that a 0.10 mL bubble of methane gas formed from decaying organisms on the ocean floor, where the temperature is 279 K and the pressure is 623 atm. Assuming that methane acts like an ideal gas, calculate the volume of the bubble at the ocean surface at 1.0 atm and 293 K. Be sure to use significant digits.
The volume of the methane gas bubble at the ocean surface at 1.0 atm and 293 K is approximately 0.063 mL.
What is an ideal gas?Ideal gas is theoretical gas composed of randomly moving point particles that are not subject to the interparticle interactions.
PV = nRT
P is pressure, V is volume, n is number of moles, R is gas constant, and T is temperature.
V = (nRT) / P
n = PV / RT
P and V are the pressure and volume of bubble at the ocean floor, R is gas constant, and T is temperature of the bubble at the ocean floor.
n = (623 atm) x (0.10 mL) / (0.08206 L atm/mol K x 279 K) = 2.76 x 10^-6 mol
V = (nRT) / P
P is the pressure of the bubble at the ocean surface, which is 1.0 atm, and T is temperature of the bubble at the ocean surface, which is 293 K.
V = (2.76 x 10⁻⁶ mol x 0.08206 L atm/mol K x 293 K) / 1.0 atm = 6.27 x 10⁻⁵ L
V = 6.27 x 10^-5 L x (1000 mL / 1 L) = 6.27 x 10^-2 mL
Therefore, the volume of the methane gas bubble at the ocean surface at 1.0 atm and 293 K is approximately 0.063 mL.
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Calculate the mass of oxygen gas formed when 10g of potassium trioxocarbonate (vi) is heated strongly. (K= 39, O=16, N=14)
One mole of potassium carbonate decompose to give one mole or 32 g of oxygen. Hence, 10 g of potassium carbonate will give 2.31 g of oxygen gas.
What is decomposition reaction?Decomposition is type of reaction in which the one compound breaks into its constituent elements and compounds. Potassium carbonate is an ionic compound which can decomposed on heating to given CO and oxygen gas as follows:
[tex]\rm K_{2}CO_{3} \rightarrow 2 K + O_{2} + CO[/tex]
As per this balanced chemical equation of the decomposition, one mole of potassium carbonate produces one mole of oxygen gas.
molar mass of potassium carbonate = 138 g/mol
molecular mass of O₂ = 32 g/mol
Hence, 138 g of potassium carbonate gives 32 g of oxygen gas. Then, 10 g of potassium carbonate will give
(10 × 32)/138 = 2.31 g.
Therefore, the mass of oxygen formed from 10 g of potassium carbonate will be 2.31 g.
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How many moles of magnesium is 1. 25
x 1023 atoms of magnesium?
1.25 x 1023 atoms of magnesium contains 0.28. moles of magnesium.
A mole of any element contains Avogadro's number of that element's atoms. To find the number of moles of magnesium in 1.25 x 1023 atoms of magnesium, simply divide by Avogadro's number:
1.25 x
[tex] {10}^{23} [/tex]
magnesium atoms / 6.022 x
[tex] {10}^{23} [/tex]
atoms/mol = 0.208 moles magnesium
As a result, 1.25 x
[tex] {10}^{23} [/tex]
atoms of magnesium contain 0.208 moles of magnesium.
The number of particles (atoms, molecules, and ions) in one mole of a substance is represented by Avogadro's number, which is a fundamental constant in chemistry. It has a value of about 6.022 x
[tex] {10}^{23} [/tex]
particles per mole. The number was named after Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro, who first proposed the concept in the early 19th century as a way to explain the relationship between the amount of a substance and its constituent particles.
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Please help!
Washington and Oregon have
very soft water in most places.
What is the relative quantity of
ions dissolved in the water in
these states?
A. The water holds a large number of ions.
B. The water holds absolutely no ions at all.
C. The water holds a small number of ions.
The relative quantity of the water holds a small number of ions. ions dissolved in the water in. The correct option to this question is C.
Definition Many minerals, including calcium and magnesium, are present in water by nature. Depending on how much of these minerals are present in your water, you can decide if it is "hard" or "soft" to drink. More calcium and/or magnesium is present in hard water than in soft water.All that is present in soft water are the molecules of H2O; no mineral deposits of any kind. Yet minerals do not naturally exist in water. The water is regarded as soft water when it rains. When calcium and magnesium are absorbed by the water as it percolates into the soil, the water turns hard.Most healthy people can drink soft water without any problems. The higher salt levels seen in soft water are often a cause for worry. Indeed, the salt content of soft water is just little higher.For more information on soft water kindly visit to
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What term describes the application of water to farmland from
a source such as a lake or river?
The term that describes the application of water to farmland from a source such as a lake or river is "irrigation."
What is Irrigation?
Irrigation is the process of artificially supplying water to crops or plants to promote their growth and development. It involves the application of water to agricultural land using various techniques, such as sprinklers, drip systems, or flood irrigation. The primary purpose of irrigation is to supplement the natural rainfall that is insufficient or irregular in certain regions, allowing farmers to grow crops in areas that would otherwise be unsuitable for farming. Irrigation systems can be designed to deliver the required amount of water directly to the roots of plants, which can increase crop yields and improve the quality of the produce. However, overuse or mismanagement of irrigation can lead to waterlogging, soil salinization, and other environmental problems.
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to land for the purpose of agricultural production. It is a critical practice in areas where rainfall is insufficient or unreliable, as it provides a reliable source of water for crops to grow. Irrigation systems can vary widely depending on the type of crops being grown, the availability of water, and the topography of the land.
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How many grams of phosphorus trichloride will be formed upon a complete reaction of 28.7 g of chloride gas with excess phosphorus.(P4)
According to the stoichiometry of the given chemical equation, 37 grams of phosphorus trichloride will be formed upon a complete reaction of 28.7 g of chloride gas with excess phosphorus.
What is stoichiometry?It is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.
Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample.
426 g chlorine gives 549.32 g PCl₃ thus for 28.7 g chlorine will give 28.7×549.32/426=37 g.
Thus,37 grams of phosphorus trichloride will be formed upon a complete reaction of 28.7 g of chloride gas with excess phosphorus.
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A student prepares a solution by dissolving 20.0 g of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in enough water to produce 500 mL of solution. What is the molarity of the solution?
Answer:
The molarity (M) of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the volume of solution in liters.
First, we need to calculate the moles of aluminum chloride:
moles of AlCl3 = mass / molar mass
moles of AlCl3 = 20.0 g / 133.34 g/mol
moles of AlCl3 = 0.150 mol
Next, we need to convert the volume of solution from milliliters to liters:
volume of solution = 500 mL / 1000 mL/L
volume of solution = 0.500 L
Finally, we can calculate the molarity of the solution:
Molarity = moles of solute / volume of solution
Molarity = 0.150 mol / 0.500 L
Molarity = 0.30 M
Therefore, the molarity of the aluminum chloride solution is 0.30 M.
Balance the following reaction. Choose “blank” if no coefficient is needed.
C^2H^5 + O^2 ➡️CO^2 + H^2O
Answer:
Explanation:
4 C2H5 + 11 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 10 H2O
A liter of milk has a [H+] of about 2.51 × 10–7. (You may prefer to think of the hydronium ion concentration, [H3O+], as 2.51 × 10–7.) Use the formula for the calculation of pH provided and show each step as you calculate the pH of milk. In order to get full points you must show all the steps you take.
Milk has a pH of roughly 6.60.
What is the formula to determine pH based on the amount of H+?The following equation, pH = log [H+], which refers to the molar hydrogen ion concentration, gives the definition of pH. You'll see that to get pH, we must use the common (base 10) logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.
The formula for calculating pH is: pH = -log[H+]
where [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ions (also known as hydronium ions) in moles per liter.
Given that the [H+] in a liter of milk is about 2.51 × 10–7, we can calculate the pH as follows:
pH = -log(2.51 × 10–7)
pH = -log(2.51) - log(10–7) (using the logarithmic rule that log(ab) = log(a) + log(b))
pH = -0.399 - (-7) (taking the negative logarithm of 2.51)
pH = 6.60
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How are global winds produced?
a) When low pressure equatorial air moves to replace sinking high pressure polar air.
b) When high pressure equatorial air moves to replace sinking low pressure polar air.
c) When high pressure polar air moves to replace rising low pressure equatorial air.
d) When low pressure polar air moves to replace rising high pressure equatorial air.
Global winds are produced when high pressure polar air moves to replace rising low pressure equatorial air.
What do you mean by global wind?
Large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns that cover the entire planet are referred to as global winds. The uneven heating of the Earth's surface by the sun, which results in temperature differences and pressure gradients, is what causes these winds. Ocean currents are influenced by global winds, which also move heat and moisture throughout the planet and affect weather and climate patterns.
The trade winds, the dominant westerlies, and the polar easterlies are the three main wind belts that make up the global wind system. In the tropics, the predominant westerlies move from west to east, but in the mid-latitudes, the trade winds move from east to west. Near the poles, polar easterlies wind from east to west.
The correct option is:
c) When high pressure polar air moves to replace rising low pressure equatorial air.
The uneven heating of the Earth's surface by the sun, which results in temperature disparities and pressure gradients, is what causes global winds. Low pressure occurs close to the equator and high pressure occurs close to the poles as a result of warm air rising at the equator and cold air sinking at the poles.
Global winds are caused by air flowing from high-pressure to low-pressure regions. In this instance, the global wind system is created when high pressure polar air travels towards the equator to replace rising low pressure equatorial air.
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MgCl2 is electrolyzed to produce Mg and Cl2. 1311 g of MgCl2 decomposed, what is the percent yield for this reaction if 96.85 g of magnesium are recovered ?
Explanation:
Refer to pic.............
How many liters of butane (C4H10) will be needed to produce 1.55L h2O at STP(Standard temperature and pressure)?
Explanation:
Refer to pic.............
Calculate the molarity of 0.5 moles NaHCO3 in 1,892 mL of solution.
Answer: 0.264 M
Explanation: the first step is to transfer mL to L, which can be done with the conversion rate of 1000mL = 1L.
This gives you 1.892 L.
Then you divide the mols by the liters, since Molarity (M) =Mol/L.
0.5/1.892 = M
M = 0.2642706131
It can then be rounded to the proper amount of significant figures. I used 3.
M = 0.264
What type of chemical reaction is ammonia + oxygen -> nitric acid + water?
The type of chemical reaction of ammonia + oxygen -> nitric acid + water is a combustion reaction.
What is the chemical reaction?The chemical reaction between ammonia (NH₃) and oxygen (O₂) to form nitric acid (HNO₃) and water (H₂O) is an oxidation-reduction reaction, specifically a combustion reaction.
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
4NH₃ + 5O₂ → 4NO + 6H₂O
followed by the oxidation of NO to form NO₂ and then the formation of nitric acid by the reaction of NO₂ with water:
2NO + O₂ → 2NO₂
3NO₂ + H₂O → 2HNO₃ + NO
So, while the overall reaction involves oxidation and reduction, the formation of nitric acid involves an acid-base reaction.
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What is the molarity of a solution of sodium hydroxide if 36.6 mL is neutralized by 12.7 mL of a 0.108 M phosphoric acid?
*Write a balanced equation and use stoichiometry to solve.
*Round your answer to correct sig figs. Do NOT put units on your answer.
Explanation:
Refer to pic............
if 15.0 g silver nitrate is reacted with excess sodium bromide, how many moles of silver bromide will form
Please help and answer this
According to the observations, work of scientist uses evidence while work of an engineer uses a practical approach.
What are observations?Observations are defined as a set of statements or facts which are recorded while conducting an experiment.Observations are made through sensing changes in the variables of the experiment.
It is specifically defined as an act of knowing or recording the changes in the variables of the experiment.Recording observations holds importance as recording observations avoid the experiment to be repeated over and over again.
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Calculate the equilibrium constant for the chemical reaction, given the equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products in the table.
2AB(aq)+4CD(aq)↽−−⇀2AD(aq)+2BD(aq)+4C(aq)
The value of the equilibrium constant is independent of the initial concentration of the reactants. It has a definite value for every reversible reaction at a particular temperature.
What is equilibrium constant?The equilibrium constant can be defined as the ratio of the product of molar concentrations of the products to that of the reactants with each concentration term raised to a power equal to its coefficient in the balanced chemical equation.
The expression of the equilibrium constant is:
Keq = [AD]² [BD]² [C]⁴ / [AB]²[CD]⁴
Thus the expression of the equilibrium constant is determined.
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Which of the following statements is true about strong, weak, and nonelectrolytes?
A. Strong electrolytes partially dissociate in water, weak electrolytes partially dissociate, and nonelectrolytes completely dissociate.
B. Strong electrolytes partially dissociate in water, weak electrolytes completely dissociate, and nonelectrolytes do not dissociate.
C. Strong electrolytes completely dissociate in water, weak electrolytes partially dissociate, and nonelectrolytes do not dissociate.
D. Strong electrolytes completely dissociate in water, weak electrolytes do not dissociate, and nonelectrolytes partially dissociate.
Strong electrolytes completely dissociate in water, weak electrolytes partially dissociate, and nonelectrolytes do not dissociate is the following statements is true about strong, weak, and nonelectrolytes.
What is electrolytes?
An electrolyte is a substance that transmits electrical current due to its breakdown into positively and negatively charged particles known as ions. These ions typically move toward and discharge at the negative and positive terminals (cathode and anode) of an electric circuit, respectively.
What is strong electrolytes?
A strong electrolyte is a soluble ionic compound that dissociates completely into ions when dissolved in water.
Therefore, Strong electrolytes completely dissociate in water, weak electrolytes partially dissociate, and nonelectrolytes do not dissociate is the following statements is true about strong, weak, and nonelectrolytes.
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Answer:
Strong electrolytes completely dissociate in water, weak electrolytes partially dissociate, and nonelectrolytes do not dissociate.
Explanation:
2 kg of sodium chloride costs $8.80, 2 kg of calcium chloride costs $17.05, and 2 kg of silicon dioxide costs $9.60. Use this information to make a recommendation about which material should be used as a road deicer.
Because it costs the least per kilogram, sodium chloride is the most cost-effective option for a road deicer based on the information provided.
Silicon dioxide is less effective at melting ice and costs significantly more than calcium chloride. However, it is important to take into account factors like temperature, humidity, and the presence of other materials on the road surface when selecting a deicer because different deicing materials may be more effective in different conditions.
What is deicing the road?The process of removing or preventing the formation of ice on roads and highways during winter weather conditions is known as road deicing. Since ice can make roads dangerously slick and slippery, this is essential for maintaining safe driving conditions.
What common materials are utilized in road deicing?Rock salt, or sodium chloride, is the most common deicing material. It is applied to the road surface to melt the ice and prevent new ice from forming. Deicing can also be done with other materials like calcium chloride and magnesium chloride.
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How many molecules of 2.21 moles of propane (C3H8)?
Answer: Lebron
Explanation: James was here
What happens to the molecular attraction and kinetic energy when gas to changes to liquid?
Answer:
the molecules in a liquid don't move apart.
Explanation:
The molecules of a gas move apart when they collide. The average kinetic energy of the particles in a liquid (or solid) is small enough that the forces of attraction between them is sufficient to hold the particles close together. The molecules in a liquid (or solid) do not move apart.
Answer: When a gas changes to a liquid, the molecules in the gas lose some of their kinetic energy and their molecular attraction increases.
Explanation:
In a gas, the molecules are moving around rapidly and colliding with each other and with the walls of the container. These collisions create pressure, and the average kinetic energy of the molecules is high. However, when the gas cools down, the average kinetic energy of the molecules decreases, and they move around more slowly.
As the gas cools down further, the molecules start to come closer together, and the intermolecular attractive forces become more important. Eventually, the attractive forces between the molecules become strong enough to overcome the kinetic energy of the molecules, and the gas condenses into a liquid.
In a liquid, the molecules are still in motion, but they are much closer together and have much lower average kinetic energy than in a gas. The attractive forces between the molecules are strong enough to keep them close together in a fixed volume, but not so strong that they are unable to move around freely.
How many liters of O2 will be produced at a temperature of 12.43 degrees Celsius and 941.34 kPa if 37.25 grams of KCIO, decompose according to the following balanced equation:
2KCIO3
---> 2KCI + 30,(g)
Round your answer to three decimal places.
To solve this problem, we first need to use stoichiometry to determine the number of moles of O2 produced by the decomposition of 37.25 grams of KCIO3.
From the balanced equation, we know that 2 moles of KCIO3 decompose to produce 3 moles of O2. Therefore, we can use the molar mass of KCIO3 to convert 37.25 grams to moles:
37.25 g KCIO3 x (1 mol KCIO3/ 122.55 g KCIO3) = 0.3032 mol KCIO3
Using the stoichiometry of the balanced equation, we can convert the moles of KCIO3 to moles of O2:
0.3032 mol KCIO3 x (3 mol O2/ 2 mol KCIO3) = 0.4548 mol O2
Now that we know the number of moles of O2 produced, we can use the ideal gas law to calculate the volume of gas produced at the given temperature and pressure.
V = nRT/P
Where:
V = volume of gas (in liters)
n = number of moles of gas
R = ideal gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/K·mol)
T = temperature (in Kelvin)
P = pressure (in atm)
First, we need to convert the temperature to Kelvin:
12.43°C + 273.15 = 285.58 K
Now we can substitute the values into the ideal gas law equation:
V = (0.4548 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/K·mol)(285.58 K)/(941.34 kPa/101.325 kPa/atm)
V = 0.0151 L or 15.1 mL (rounded to three decimal places)
Therefore, 37.25 grams of KCIO3 will produce 15.1 mL of O2 at a temperature of 12.43°C and 941.34 kPa.
Suppose 239. 7 mg of PbCl2 was added to 15. 0 mL of water in a flask, and the solution was allowed to reach equilibrium at 20. 0 oC. Some solute remained at the bottom of the flask after equilibrium, and the solution was filtered to collect the remaining PbCl2, which had a mass of 83. 6 mg. What is the solubility of PbCl2 (in g/L)?
The solubility of PbCl2 in water (H2O) at 20.0 °C (temperature) is 10.407 g/L.
First, we need to calculate how much PbCl2 actually dissolved in the water. The amount of PbCl2 that did dissolve is the difference between the initial amount of PbCl2 added and the amount of PbCl2 that remained after filtering:
Initial amount of PbCl2 = 239.7 mg
Amount of PbCl2 remaining after filtering = 83.6 mg
Amount of PbCl2 that dissolved = 239.7 mg - 83.6 mg = 156.1 mg
Next, we can use the density of water at 20.0 °C, which is 0.9982 g/mL, to calculate the volume of the solution:
Volume of solution = 15.0 mL = 0.015 L
Finally, we can calculate the solubility of PbCl2 in g/L:
Solubility of PbCl2 = amount of PbCl2 that dissolved / volume of solution
Solubility of PbCl2 = 156.1 mg / 0.015 L
Solubility of PbCl2 = 10406.7 mg/L
Solubility of PbCl2 = 10.407 g/L
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