Interest revenue is the revenue gained by lending funds to customers or borrowers who repay the sum with interest. When a firm lends money to a borrower, it receives a note payable or promissory note in which the terms and conditions of the loan are outlined, as well as the amount to be repaid over time with interest.
The preceding transactions of Clark Company have been evaluated and computed. As previously mentioned, when a company gives out a loan to a customer or borrower, it receives a promissory note outlining the amount to be repaid over time with interest. A company may earn interest revenue by lending money to a borrower and receiving a note payable from them. As a result, Clark Company was able to obtain $1,074 in interest revenue for the period.This can assist the company in earning more revenue by enabling it to offer its customers extended terms on their accounts receivable while still generating income. When the interest revenue is earned, it is recorded in the revenue account of the firm's books.
In conclusion, when Clark Company extends the time for its customers to pay their overdue accounts receivable, it receives notes payable in return, which it can use to generate interest revenue. This interest revenue helps to increase the company's revenue, and it is recorded in the company's revenue account.
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Total resignation / Total employees X 100 is the formula to calculate ____________________
a.
turnover rate
b.
resignation rate
c.
avoidable turnover
d.
separation rate
The correct answer is a. Turnover rate.
The formula to calculate turnover rate is Total resignation / Total employees X 100.What is the turnover rate?Turnover rate, as the name suggests, refers to the rate at which workers leave an organization. Simply put, it's the percentage of an organization's total workforce that has left in a given period of time.
Turnover rate is a vital statistic that can aid an organization's growth by tracking employee retention. If the turnover rate is too high, it could be an indication that the company has difficulty keeping employees. On the other hand, if the turnover rate is low, it may be an indication that the company has a happy workforce and is a desirable place to work.
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Chose the best answer. Basic form of collaboration, Alliance:
Governed by desire to voluntarily work together both intellectually and operationally
Shifts focus from buying materials to performing a specific service or activity
Dominate firm governs by command and control
Extreme form of Alliance
Adds time dimension to traditional buying/selling
The best answer for the basic form of collaboration, Alliance, is:- Governed by the desire to voluntarily work together both intellectually and operationally.
In the context of collaboration, an alliance refers to a cooperative relationship between two or more organizations that work together toward a common goal. The essence of an alliance is the voluntary decision to collaborate, driven by shared objectives and the willingness to combine intellectual and operational resources.
Alliances are characterized by mutual cooperation, coordination, and knowledge sharing among the participating organizations. The desire to work together both intellectually (sharing ideas, expertise, and knowledge) and operationally (collaborating on projects, activities, or initiatives) forms the foundation of an alliance.
The other options mentioned - shifting focus from buying materials, dominant firm governance, an extreme form of alliance, and adding a time dimension to traditional buying/selling - do not capture the essential nature of a basic alliance. While these elements may be present in certain types of alliances or collaborative arrangements, they do not define the fundamental concept of an alliance. The core aspect of an alliance is the voluntary partnership between organizations based on shared goals and the active participation of all parties in both intellectual and operational aspects of the collaboration.
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: 75% + 1 WIN QUMDT Sample question: Team Leadership model This diagram will not be given to you in the Team leadership model exam Synergising Leader's Style Sustaining team performance Jeremy has been promoted to become a partner at KMCP law firm. His team consists of 5 people: 2 attorneys, 1 paralegal, 1 receptionist and 1 accountant. The 2 attorneys have been working at KMCP for 3 years now. However the paralegal, the receptionist and the accountant are new hires. Alignment Stimulating Team Performance Supporting Performing and achieving results with a team Strengths Developing a team Steering Teamwork Leader's Focus Creating a new team Results Team Development Potential questions: 1. Given Jeremy is creating a new team with these 5 people, what should be the leadership style of Jeremy? (1 point) 2. Provide one way Jeremy can implement or practice the leadership style in question 1? (2 points) When i is the annual interest rate, the formula for calculating the present value of a bond with a face value of R dollars, receivable in one year is a. PV=R/(1+i) b. PV=R(1+i). C. PV=i(R+i). d. PV=(1+i)/R. e. PV=R/L
The correct formula for calculating the present value of a bond with a face value of R dollars, receivable in one year, when the annual interest rate is represented as i, is PV = R / (1 + i) (option a).
Jeremy should focus on nurturing the potential of his team members and creating an environment conducive to their development, promoting collaboration, and fostering individual growth within the team.
Given that Jeremy is creating a new team with 5 people, including both experienced and new members, the appropriate leadership style for him would be the "Developing a team" style. This leadership style focuses on building and nurturing the team members, developing their skills, and fostering a positive team dynamic. Jeremy needs to take a proactive role in guiding and supporting the team's growth, providing mentorship, and creating an environment where each team member can contribute and develop their potential.
One way Jeremy can implement the "Developing a team" leadership style is by conducting regular team-building activities and fostering open communication among team members. He can organize team workshops, where members can share their skills, knowledge, and experiences, facilitating a learning environment. Jeremy can also provide coaching and feedback sessions to help individual team members identify their strengths and areas for improvement. By setting clear goals and expectations, offering guidance and support, and recognizing and celebrating achievements, Jeremy can encourage team members' personal and professional growth, enhancing team cohesion and performance. The correct option is a.
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Social scientists such as Maslow, Herzberg, McClelland, McGregor, Ouchi, Thamhain and Wilemon, and Covey developed behavioral theories that are now a must for project managers to understand and apply for resource management. What are the benefits of using these theories?
Behavioral theories benefit project managers in resource management by improving motivation, team dynamics, communication, leadership, conflict resolution, and resource allocation, leading to increased productivity and success.
The behavioral theories developed by social scientists like Maslow, Herzberg, McClelland, McGregor, Ouchi, Thamhain and Wilemon, and Covey provide valuable insights for project managers in resource management. Some benefits of using these theories include:
Understanding Motivation: The theories help project managers comprehend what drives individuals and what factors can enhance their motivation. This understanding allows managers to tailor their approach to meet individual and team needs, thereby increasing productivity and job satisfaction.Effective Team Building: These theories offer frameworks for building cohesive and high-performing teams. By recognizing different personality types, needs, and motivations, project managers can create a positive work environment and foster collaboration, trust, and synergy among team members.Improved Communication: The theories emphasize the importance of effective communication in project management. By considering different communication styles and preferences, project managers can tailor their communication strategies to ensure clear and meaningful exchanges, minimizing misunderstandings and conflicts.Enhanced Leadership Skills: These theories provide valuable guidance on leadership styles and approaches. By understanding different leadership theories and applying them appropriately, project managers can adapt their leadership style to the needs of the team and project, inspiring and guiding team members towards project success.Conflict Resolution: The theories offer insights into understanding and managing conflicts within project teams. Project managers can utilize these theories to identify the underlying causes of conflicts and employ appropriate strategies to address and resolve them, fostering a harmonious work environment and maintaining team productivity.Improved Resource Allocation: By understanding individual and team needs, project managers can allocate resources more effectively. They can identify areas where additional resources or support may be required and ensure that resources are distributed in a way that maximizes productivity and minimizes waste.Overall, the application of these behavioral theories enables project managers to better understand their team members, tailor their approach, enhance motivation, foster effective communication, build strong teams, resolve conflicts, and optimize resource management. These benefits contribute to improved project outcomes, increased team satisfaction, and overall project success.
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What does each of the three forms of market efficiency postulate? (Be concise!) List all forms of market efficiency that the momentum anomaly violates.
Market efficiency is the concept that describes the degree to which stock market prices reflect all available information about a particular stock or market at any given point in time. Three forms of market efficiency are the weak, semi-strong, and strong forms.
Each of these forms of market efficiency has different postulations. The weak form of market efficiency states that all past market prices and trends are fully reflected in the current price of a particular stock.
It means that any past trading information such as past prices, trading volumes, and other market trends has no impact on future market performance.
The semi-strong form of market efficiency postulates that both past and current market information are fully reflected in the current price of a stock. It means that all publicly available information such as financial statements, company earnings reports, dividend payment reports, and market news are reflected in the current stock price.
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Who are the board of directors at Pollo Tropical and what is their work experience (can include past jobs)?
The board of directors at Pollo Tropical are experienced professionals in the restaurant industry, finance, and business. Their primary responsibility is to oversee the company's management team and provide strategic direction to the company.
The current board of directors at Pollo Tropical includes:- Richard P. Snead, Chairman and CEO of Gas South. He previously served as CEO of Carlson Restaurants Worldwide and CEO of Carlson Hotels Worldwide.- David Stern, CEO of Starwood Retail Partners. He has held executive positions at Hudson's Bay Company, LNR Property Corporation, and Goldman Sachs.- David Chitlik, a Managing Director at Aztec Group. He previously worked as a Managing Director at SouthStar Development Partners and held senior positions at General Growth Properties and The Rouse Company.- Gary Feiwell, a retired Partner at Accenture.
He has served on the board of directors of several companies, including The Athlete's Foot and Uno Restaurant Holdings Corporation.- Charles M. Slaton, the President of Seminole Financial Services. He has extensive experience in finance, accounting, and real estate development.- Lance Turner, a seasoned executive with over 35 years of experience in the restaurant industry. He has held leadership positions at Church's Chicken, Boston Market, and Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen.- Jacqueline Simkin, a seasoned executive with extensive experience in marketing and advertising. She previously served as EVP and Chief Marketing Officer of Schlotzsky's and as SVP of Marketing at Focus Brands. In summary, the board of directors at Pollo Tropical is comprised of experienced professionals from various fields who provide strategic direction and oversight to the company.
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Walden Tire Store is a chain of tire and auto accessory retail stores. Required: Walden discloses that it uses a balanced scorecard with seven performance measures. Link the measures to the perspectives of the balanced scorecard by labelling each performance measure with the appropriate perspective number. Perspective 1. Financial 2. Customer 3. Learning and growth 4. Internal business processes
Walden Tire Store, a chain of tire and auto accessory retail stores, uses a balanced scorecard with seven performance measures.
The measures are linked to the perspectives of the balanced scorecard by labelling each performance measure with the appropriate perspective number.
These perspectives of the balanced scorecard are:
Financial Perspective 1: Market share growth and revenue increase Customer Perspective
2: Customer satisfaction and retention Learning and Growth Perspective
3: Employee retention and satisfaction, technology usage, and innovation Internal Business Process Perspective
4: Efficiency and effectiveness of internal operations
Here is the link between the performance measures and the appropriate perspective of the balanced scorecard used by Walden Tire Store: Perspective
1: Financial Market share growth Revenue increase Perspective
2: Customer Customer satisfaction Customer retention Perspective
3: Learning and Growth Employee retention and satisfaction Technology usage Innovation Perspective
4: Internal Business Process Efficiency Effectiveness Internal operations.
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You need $24,966 at the end of 10 years, and your only investment outlet is an 11 percent long-term certificate of deposit (compounded annually). With the certificate of deposit, you make an initial investment at the beginning of the first year. Use Appendix B and Appendix C for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.
a. What single payment could be made at the beginning of the first year to achieve this objective? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)
Single payment made
b. What amount could you pay at the end of each year annually for 10 years to achieve this same objective? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)
Amount to be paid
a. A single payment of approximately $9,013.67 could be made at the beginning of the first year to achieve the objective of $24,966 at the end of 10 years.
b. An amount of approximately $1,622.46 could be paid at the end of each year annually for 10 years to achieve the objective of $24,966.
a. To calculate the single payment that could be made at the beginning of the first year to achieve the objective of $24,966 at the end of 10 years, we can use the formula for the future value of a single sum:
Future Value = Present Value × (1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Periods
In this case, the interest rate is 11 percent (or 0.11), and the number of periods is 10. Let's calculate the present value:
Future Value = Present Value × (1 + 0.11)^10
$24,966 = Present Value × (1.11)^10
To isolate the present value, we divide both sides of the equation by (1.11)^10:
Present Value = $24,966 / (1.11)^10
Present Value ≈ $9,013.67
Therefore, a single payment of approximately $9,013.67 could be made at the beginning of the first year to achieve the objective of $24,966 at the end of 10 years.
b. To calculate the amount that could be paid at the end of each year annually for 10 years to achieve the objective of $24,966, we can use the formula for the present value of an ordinary annuity:
Present Value = Payment × [(1 - (1 + Interest Rate)^(-Number of Periods)) / Interest Rate]
In this case, the interest rate is 11 percent (or 0.11), the number of periods is 10, and we need to solve for the payment. Let's calculate the payment:
$24,966 = Payment × [(1 - (1 + 0.11)^(-10)) / 0.11]
To isolate the payment, we multiply both sides of the equation by 0.11 and then divide by [(1 - (1 + 0.11)^(-10))]:
Payment = $24,966 × 0.11 / [(1 - (1 + 0.11)^(-10))]
Payment ≈ $1,622.46
Therefore, an amount of approximately $1,622.46 could be paid at the end of each year annually for 10 years to achieve the objective of $24,966.
a. A single payment of approximately $9,013.67 could be made at the beginning of the first year to achieve the objective of $24,966 at the end of 10 years.
b. An amount of approximately $1,622.46 could be paid at the end of each year annually for 10 years to achieve the objective of $24,966.
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A stream of cash flows that pays $800 at the end of year 1, $1,200 at the end of year 2, and $2,300 at the end of year 3. If the cash flows are compounded at 6% annually. The value of this payment stream at year 3 is:
A. $4,470.88 B. $4,144.03 C. $4,423.87 D. $4,520.00
A stream of cash flows that pays $800 at the end of year 1, $1,200 at the end of year 2, and $2,300 at the end of year 3. If the cash flows are compounded at 6% annually. The value of this payment stream at year 3 is $4,470.88. The correct option is a.
To calculate the present value of the stream of cash flows, we can use the following formula:
Present Value = Sum of (Future Cash Flow / (1 + Discount Rate)^(Years to Future Cash Flow))
Plugging in the numbers, we get the following:
Present Value = $800 / (1 + 0.06)^1 + $1,200 / (1 + 0.06)^2 + $2,300 / (1 + 0.06)^3 = $4,470.88
Therefore, the value of the stream of cash flows at year 3 is $4,470.88.
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Which contract type typically has a performance span measured in years and has a special provision that allows for cost increases due to inflation?
A
Fixed-price incentive fee
B
Time and materials
C
Fixed-price with economic price adjustment
D
Cost plus incentive fee
Fixed-price with economic price adjustment. This contract type typically has a performance span measured in years and includes a special provision that allows for cost increases due to inflation.
Fixed-price with economic price adjustment contracts are commonly used in situations where the performance span is expected to extend over several years. These contracts are particularly suitable for projects that are subject to inflationary pressures, as they provide a mechanism to account for cost increases.
The main advantage of this contract type is that it offers stability and predictability for both the buyer and the seller. The price adjustment provision ensures that the contractor is adequately compensated for any increase in costs resulting from inflation, while the buyer is protected from unexpected price hikes. This provision is usually based on an agreed-upon index or formula that reflects changes in the cost of labor, materials, or other relevant factors.
By incorporating the economic price adjustment provision, the fixed-price contract becomes more flexible and adaptable to changing market conditions. It allows for a fair distribution of risk between the buyer and the seller, as they share the impact of inflationary pressures. This type of contract also encourages cost control and efficiency on the part of the contractor, as they must manage their costs within the agreed-upon parameters.
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In Donahue v. Rodd Electric Co, Inc., the appellate court compared close corporations to partnerships and found that they were dissimilar and that, consequently, the standard of "utmost good faith and loyalty" should not apply to the shareholders of close corporations as it applies to partners in partnerships.
t/f
The statement "In Donahue v. Rodd Electric Co, Inc., the appellate court compared close corporations to partnerships and found that they were dissimilar and that, consequently, the standard of "utmost good faith and loyalty" should not apply to the shareholders of close corporations as it applies to partners in partnerships" is a true statement. The Donahue v. Rodd Electric Co, Inc. case which was decided in 1963 had a significant impact on corporate law.
The court compared close corporations to partnerships and found that they were dissimilar, and that, consequently, the standard of "utmost good faith and loyalty" should not apply to the shareholders of close corporations as it applies to partners in partnerships. The court concluded that it was more appropriate to apply the standard of "good faith" rather than "utmost good faith and loyalty" in close corporations. The ruling was a significant departure from previous case law, which had treated corporations and partnerships similarly.
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A baseball player is offered a 5-year contract that pays him the following amounts: Year 1: $1.12 million Year 2: $1.91 million. Year 3: $2.36 million Year 4: $2.76 million. Year 5: $3.22 million Under the terms of the agreement all payments are made at the end of each year. Instead of accepting the contract, the baseball player asks his agent to negotiate a contract that has a present value of $1.56 million more than that which has been offered. Moreover, the player wants to receive his payments in the form of a 5-year ANNUITY DUE. All cash flows are discounted at 12.00 percent. If the team were to agree to the player's terms, what would be the player's annual salary (in millions of dollars)? (Express answer in millions. $1,000,000 would be 1.00) Submit Answer format: Currency: Round to: 4 decimal places. Show Hint
Player's annual salary would be approximately $0.5165 million or $516,500 under the negotiated contract terms, resulting in a present value $1.56 million higher than the original offer.
To calculate the player's annual salary in millions of dollars, we need to determine the annuity payment that would result in a present value $1.56 million higher than the original contract.
Using the formula for the present value of an annuity due:
PV = PMT * [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r]
Where:
PV = Present value
PMT = Payment per period
r = Interest rate per period
n = Number of periods
Given:
PV = $1.56 million
r = 12% or 0.12
n = 5 years
We can rearrange the formula to solve for PMT:
PMT = PV / [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r]
Substituting the values:
PMT = 1.56 / [(1 - (1 + 0.12)^(-5)) / 0.12]
PMT ≈ $0.5164649 million
Therefore, the player's annual salary would be approximately $0.5165 million or $516,500.
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Sheridan Inc. manufactures golf clubs in three models. For the year, the Dynatech line has a net loss of $5,000 from sales of $200.000.
variable costs of $180,000, and fixed costs of $25,000. If the Dynatech line is eliminated, $15,000 of fixed costs will remain.
Prepare an analysis showing whether the Dynatech line should be eliminated. (If an amount reduces the net income then enter with a
negative sign preceding the number e.g. -15,000 or parenthesis, e.g. (15,000).)
Continue
Eliminate
Increase
(Decrease)
$
$
The division
$
be continued.
the answer is to eliminate the Dynatech line. If the line is eliminated, the company will save $25,000 more than current net income
Sheridan Inc. manufactures golf clubs in three models. The Dynatech line has a net loss of $5,000 from sales of $200,000. The variable costs of the Dynatech line are $180,000, and the fixed costs are $25,000. If the Dynatech line is eliminated, $15,000 of fixed costs will remain. Let's find the contribution margin (CM) of the Dynatech line
.CM = Sales - Variable Costs = $200,000 - $180,000 = $20,000Contribution Margin Ratio
(CMR) = (CM / Sales) x 100 = ($20,000 / $200,000) x 100 = 10%
The formula for finding the break-even point (BEP) in dollars is:
BEP ($) = Fixed Costs / CMRWe have to calculate the BEP of the Dynatech line.
BEP ($) = $25,000 / 10% = $250,000
The current sales of the Dynatech line are $200,000.
Therefore, the current margin of safety (MOS) can be calculated as follows:MOS ($) = Sales - BEP ($) = $200,000 - $250,000 = ($50,000)
The negative MOS indicates that the company's sales are below the BEP, and hence, it is operating at a loss of $5,000. If the Dynatech line is eliminated, fixed costs of $15,000 will remain, and the new BEP will be:
BEP ($) = $15,000 / 10% = $150,000Since the new BEP will be lower than the current sales of $200,000, it implies that the company will make a profit if the Dynatech line is eliminated. Therefore, the answer is to eliminate the Dynatech line. If the line is eliminated, the company will save $5,000 (net loss of the Dynatech line), and it will have a new income statement as follows: Sheridan Inc.
Income Statement for Year Ending...Net Sales $400,000 (Dynatech was 50% of total sales, so eliminating it doubles total sales)Variable Costs $360,000Fixed Costs $15,000Net Income $25,000 (Net income will increase by $30,000, $25,000 more than current net income of ($5,000) from Dynatech)
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(Algo) Adjusting entries [LO2-6] The following transactions occurred for the Fierro Company. 1. A three-year fire insurance policy was purchased on July 1,2024 , for $12,600. The company debited prepaid insurance for the entire amount at the time of payment. 2. Depreciation on equipment totaled $12,500 for the year. 3. Employee salaries of $17,000 for the month of December will be paid in early January 2025. 4. On November 1, 2024, the company borrowed $210,000 from a bank. The note requires principal and interest at 12% to be paid on April 30, 2025. 5. On December 1, 2024, the company received $6,300 in cash from another company that is renting office space in Fierro's building. The payment, representing rent for December, January, and February was credited to deferred rent revenue at the time cash was received. Required: Prepare the necessary adjusting entries at December 31, 2024 for each of the above situations. Assume that no financial statements were prepared during the year and no adjusting entries were recorded. Note: If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.
To prepare the necessary adjusting entries at December 31, 2024 for each of the above situations, the following entries should be made:
1. Prepaid Insurance:
Debit: Insurance Expense $4,200
Credit: Prepaid Insurance $4,200
2. Depreciation Expense:
Debit: Depreciation Expense $12,500
Credit: Accumulated Depreciation $12,500
3. Salaries Expense:
Debit: Salaries Expense $17,000
Credit: Salaries Payable $17,000
4. Interest Expense:
Debit: Interest Expense $8,400 ($210,000 x 0.12 x (9/12))
Credit: Interest Payable $8,400
5. Deferred Rent Revenue:
Debit: Deferred Rent Revenue $1,050 ($6,300 x (3/12))
Credit: Rent Revenue $1,050
Please note that these adjusting entries are based on the assumption that no financial statements were prepared during the year and no adjusting entries were recorded.
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Look up one or two articles on current trends or fads in management. Then, find one or two articles on a management fad from several years ago. Finally, surf the Internet for information on both the current and previous fads.
Questions
Q1. How were these fads used in organizations? Use real examples from your readings.(long answer)
Q2. Why do you think the fads were adopted? To what extent were the fads adopted to truly improve productivity and morale versus the company’s desire to appear current in its management techniques compared to the competition?(long answer)
Q3. Give an example in which a fad did not work as expected. Explain why it did not work. (long answer)
1. Current trends and management fads include agile development, big data analytics, business process reengineering, change management, customer relationship management (CRM), etc.
2. Fads are often adopted by organizations in an attempt to improve productivity and morale, or to appear current and innovative.
3. A fad that did not work out as expected was Open Office trend
Management fads are often short-lived and do not always produce the desired results. This is because fads are often based on untested or unproven theories, and they are often implemented without careful consideration of the specific needs of the organization.
In addition, fads can be expensive to implement, and they can disrupt the status quo, which can lead to resistance from employees. As a result, organizations should carefully evaluate any fad before adopting it, and they should be prepared to abandon the fad if it does not produce the desired results.
Here are some additional tips for evaluating management fads:
Consider the source - Where did the fad come from? Is it based on sound research or is it just a trendy idea?
Be skeptical of claims - Does the fad promise unrealistic results? Are there any guarantees?
Consider the cost - How much will it cost to implement the fad? Will the benefits outweigh the costs?
Get input from employees - How do employees feel about the fad? Are they willing to embrace it?
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Referred Company: PetSmart
Referring to your selected company's CSR initiatives, identify which pillars of responsibility they seem most focused on: economic, legal, ethical, or philanthropic. Give at least two specific examples.
PetSmart is a pet store chain that deals in pet supplies, grooming services, and pet adoption programs. The company has CSR initiatives that reflect a deep sense of corporate responsibility. PetSmart appears to be focused on philanthropic and ethical pillars of responsibility in their CSR initiatives.
The ethical pillar is aimed at ensuring that the company operates under sound ethical principles, guided by a code of conduct. The company has initiated an "Ethical Standards Program," which requires all associates and suppliers to follow the code of conduct. The code of conduct includes fair business practices, human rights, conflict of interest, anti-bribery, and corruption. PetSmart operates an "Ethics Help Line," which offers associates and other stakeholders a platform to report unethical practices.The philanthropic pillar of PetSmart's CSR initiatives is aimed at giving back to the community.
The company has a philanthropic arm known as "PetSmart Charities," which is aimed at supporting animal welfare initiatives. PetSmart Charities has a goal of finding homes for pets by supporting shelters, fostering, and adoption programs. The organization has invested over $400 million in pet adoption initiatives, which have helped to save millions of animal lives.Furthermore, PetSmart also supports non-profit organizations that help promote animal welfare. PetSmart works with over 4,000 animal welfare organizations in the US and Canada. The company provides these organizations with grants, pet food, and other supplies necessary for their operations.
PetSmart also supports other philanthropic initiatives such as disaster relief programs, which help animals affected by natural disasters.In summary, PetSmart appears to be focused on the ethical and philanthropic pillars of responsibility in their CSR initiatives. The company is committed to promoting ethical practices and giving back to the community by supporting animal welfare initiatives. The company has initiatives such as the Ethics Help Line and PetSmart Charities that ensure that the ethical and philanthropic pillars of responsibility are upheld.
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Rachel wants to have $4,400.00 in 27 months. Her bank is offering her a Certificate of Deposit, a special savings account, that earns 1.8% compounded weekly. How much does she need to deposit now to reach her goal? Round your answer up to the nearest penny. Assume the interest rate does not change while the account is open.
$_____
The amount Rachel needs to deposit now will be approximately $4,142.65.
To calculate the amount Rachel needs to deposit now to reach her goal, we can use the formula for compound interest;
A = [tex]P(1+r/n)^{nt}[/tex]
Where;
A = Amount accumulated after time t
P = Principal amount (initial deposit)
r = Annual interest rate (as a decimal)
n = Number of times the interest will be compounded per year
t = Time in years
In this case, Rachel wants to have $4,400.00 in 27 months, and the interest is compounded weekly with an annual interest rate of 1.8% (0.018).
Let's calculate the amount she needs to deposit (P);
A = $4,400.00
r = 0.018
n = 52 (since interest is compounded weekly)
t = 27 months / 12 months = 2.25 years
$4,400.00 = P(1 + 0.018/52[tex])^{(52X2.25)}[/tex]
To find the value of P, we need to solve this equation for P. However, since it involves an exponent, we can use the trial-and-error method or a financial calculator to find the closest amount.
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, the amount Rachel needs to deposit now is approximately $4,142.65.
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Learning Outcomes: 1. Define the fundamental theories of public sector management. 2. Describe the simple and complex issues pertining to public management Assignment Question(s): This Assignment is a
The fundamental theories of public sector management are divided into four categories: Classical theory, behavioral theory, incremental theory, and resource dependence theory.
Classical theory holds that management is a skill that can be learned, and it focuses on the principles of scientific management, administration, and bureaucracy. The behavioral theory holds that management is about dealing with people and social processes. The incremental theory holds that policy decisions are made gradually and that public organizations and their goals are evolutionary. The resource dependence theory holds that public organizations depend on other organizations and actors for resources, and that they need to manage these relationships in order to achieve their goals. Simple issues in public management are those that can be easily addressed and solved without much difficulty.
These include things like budgetary constraints, personnel management, and resource allocation. Complex issues in public management, on the other hand, are those that require a more in-depth understanding of the problem and the context in which it exists. These include things like political interference, organizational culture, and external pressures.
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Cost of goods manufactured by Hobte & Co for July is $419,000. At the end of July, the company had a finished goods inventory of $98,000. Cost of goods sold during June and July are $400,000 and $405,000 respectively. What is the finished goods inventory at the end of June?
To determine the finished goods inventory at the end of June, we need to calculate the change in inventory between June and July. The finished goods inventory at the end of June is $414,000.
The cost of goods sold during June is given as $400,000. This represents the cost of the goods that were sold during that month. Additionally, the cost of goods manufactured during July is given as $419,000. This represents the total cost of goods produced during July, including both the goods sold and the ending inventory.
Therefore, the total cost of goods available for sale during June and July is: Cost of goods available for sale = Cost of goods sold during June + Cost of goods manufactured during July
= $400,000 + $419,000
= $819,000
We also know that the cost of goods sold during July is $405,000. Therefore, the cost of goods in the ending inventory at the end of July can be calculated as:
Ending inventory at the end of July = Cost of goods available for sale - Cost of goods sold during July
= $819,000 - $405,000
= $414,000
Since the ending inventory at the end of July is given as $98,000, we can calculate the change in inventory between June and July:
Change in inventory = Ending inventory at the end of July - Ending inventory at the end of June
= $98,000 - $414,000
= -$316,000
A negative change in inventory indicates a decrease in inventory. Therefore, the finished goods inventory at the end of June would be:
Ending inventory at the end of June = Ending inventory at the end of July - Change in inventory
= $98,000 - (-$316,000)
= $98,000 + $316,000
= $414,000
Therefore, the finished goods inventory at the end of June is $414,000.
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4. Management decision problems are not encountered by
government agencies or non-profit organizations.
a. True
b. False
The given statement "Management decision problems are not encountered by government agencies or non-profit organizations" is false because Management decision problems are issues that arise when managers attempt to make decisions and are unsure about what to do. Option b is correct.
Management decision problems are encountered by government agencies and non-profit organizations, just like they are encountered by for-profit businesses. All organizations, regardless of their sector or purpose, face various management decision problems related to resource allocation, goal setting, operational efficiency, strategic planning, and more.
These decision problems may differ in nature and context between different types of organizations, but they are still present and require effective management and decision-making processes to address them. Government agencies and non-profit organizations also need to make decisions regarding budgeting, program implementation, resource allocation, stakeholder engagement, and achieving their mission and objectives.
Therefore, it is incorrect to claim that management decision problems are not encountered by government agencies or non-profit organizations.
Option b is correct.
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From your understanding of the "Objective and Task" method of budgeting, what would be a logical first step for advertisers and their agencies to complete, if budgets were set using this method?
a. The advertiser would give the advertising agency a certain amount of money with which to work.
b. The advertiser and agency would agree upon a "percent of sales" percentage number to use.
c. The costs associated with the objective would be determined.
d. The tasks to meet the objective would be determined.
e. The promotional objective would be established.
The "Objective and Task" method of budgeting involves determining the tasks to meet the objective. Therefore, a logical first step for advertisers and their agencies to complete, if budgets were set using this method would be "d. The tasks to meet the objective would be determined.
Objective and task method of budgeting is a marketing research method that sets objectives based on consumer insights and then seeks to create a task that will enable those objectives to be met. It is a highly systematic approach to creating a marketing plan and includes a number of key steps.Each step is required to be completed before the next step can be taken. This method requires a detailed understanding of customer needs, attitudes, and preferences. This method requires advertisers to determine the tasks that are necessary to achieve their promotional objectives. Once the tasks are identified, the costs associated with each task can be determined, and the total budget can be calculated.
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achievement In the situational approach, leadership style defines directive behaviors as those that help group members in goal via two-way communication (in other words, through mutual input, feed back, and agreement rather than through one-way instructions).
True or False
The statement "In the situational approach, leadership style defines directive behaviors as those that help group members in goal via two-way communication" is true.
Leadership is the activity of directing, leading, and motivating individuals or groups to achieve common objectives. It is a combination of communication, personality, and knowledge that inspires others to follow a leader.Communication in leadership is an essential tool in achieving success in an organization.
An effective leader should have excellent communication skills. Effective communication is critical for effective leadership since it fosters trust, respect, and collaboration within a group or team.The situational approach to leadership stresses the importance of flexibility in leadership styles. It posits that there is no one-size-fits-all solution when it comes to leadership style. It implies that the best style of leadership will differ based on the scenario. The situational approach implies that leadership behaviors can change based on the situation, for example, directive or supportive behaviors.Learn more about communication:
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When Bart catches a three-eyed fish, this is a possible example of which policy tension? Group of answer choices
When private interests result in public costs
When public goods result in private costs
Bart enjoys fishing for personal reasons So in this case Bart catching fish is private interest leading to public cost.
Option 1 is correct .
Bart enjoys fishing for personal reasons. Additionally, as a rare good is lost, catching a rare three-eyed fish during that time period costs the public. In this case, private interest results in public expense.
Bart reserves fish for private interest, in this manner it is private interest and not public.
Confidential interest" signifies any interest, including however not restricted to a monetary interest, which relates to an individual or business by which the individual or business would acquire an advantage, honor, exception or benefit from the activity of a state organization or worker that isn't accessible to the overall population.
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Net present value. Quark Industries has a project with the following projected cash flows Initial cost: $250,000 Cash flow year one: $20,000 Cash flow year two: $80,000 Cash flow year three: $143,000 Cash flow year four: $143,000 a. Using a discount rate of 10% for this project and the NPV model, determine whether the company should accept or reject this project b. Should the company accept or reject it using a discount rate of 16%? C. Should the company accept or reject it using a discount rate of 22%? a. Using a discount rate of 10%, this project should be . (Select from the drop-down menu.) rejected accepted Click to select your answer(s) and then click Check Answer
Using a discount rate of 10% for this project and the NPV model, determine whether the company should accept or reject this project.
To calculate the net present value (NPV), we discount each cash flow to present value and subtract the initial cost. The formula for NPV is:NPV = Cash flow year one / (1 + Discount rate)^1 + Cash flow year two / (1 + Discount rate)^2 + Cash flow year three / (1 + Discount rate)^3 + Cash flow year four / (1 + Discount rate)^4 - Initial costUsing a discount rate of 10% and the given cash flows, the NPV calculation is as follows:NPV = $20,000 / (1 + 0.10)^1 + $80,000 / (1 + 0.10)^2 + $143,000 / (1 + 0.10)^3 + $143,000 / (1 + 0.10)^4 - $250,000NPV = $18,181.82 + $65,289.26 + $103,095.75 + $91,040.99 - $250,000NPV = $27,607.82Since the NPV is positive ($27,607.82), the project should be accepted.b. Should the company accept or reject it using a discount rate of 16%?Using a discount rate of 16%, we repeat the same NPV calculation:NPV = $20,000 / (1 + 0.16)^1 + $80,000 / (1 + 0.16)^2 + $143,000 / (1 + 0.16)^3 + $143,000 / (1 + 0.16)^4 - $250,000NPV = $17,241.38 + $55,900.31 + $83,675.69 + $70,208.07 - $250,000NPV = -$23,974.55Since the NPV is negative (-$23,974.55), the project should be rejected.c. Should the company accept or reject it using a discount rate of 22%?Using a discount rate of 22%, we repeat the same NPV calculation:NPV = $20,000 / (1 + 0.22)^1 + $80,000 / (1 + 0.22)^2 + $143,000 / (1 + 0.22)^3 + $143,000 / (1 + 0.22)^4 - $250,000NPV = $16,393.44 + $50,396.11 + $69,342.23 + $57,492.98 - $250,000NPV = -$56,375.24Since the NPV is negative (-$56,375.24), the project should be rejected.
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Sold 20,000 shares of $5 par common stock for $30 per share.
A. Cash payment, $1,000,000
B. Cash receipt, $2,000
C. Cash receipt, $600,000
D. Cash receipt, $11,000
Paid dividends of $1.25 per share. There were 1,000,000 shares issued and 180,000 shares of treasury stock.
A. Cash payment, $1,025,000
B. Cash receipt, $2,000
C. Cash receipt, $600,000
D. Cash receipt, $11,000
Common stocks are shares in a publicly held corporation that provide the holder with voting rights and a portion of the firm's earnings. The correct answer is (C) Cash receipt, $600,000 and (A) Cash payment, $1,025,000.
Common stockholders may vote on corporate decisions and may get a dividend on their investment if the corporation distributes earnings in the form of dividends. The dividend on common shares is not fixed like that of preferred stock, but is dependent on the corporation's financial performance. We are given that 20,000 shares of $5 par common stock are sold for $30 per share.
The sale of shares raised $30 x 20,000 = $600,000.
We are given that dividends of $1.25 per share were paid out. There were 1,000,000 shares of common stock outstanding, and 180,000 shares of treasury stock, for a total of 1,000,000 - 180,000 = 820,000 shares of common stock outstanding.
The total amount of dividends paid out = 820,000 shares x $1.25 per share
= $1,025,000. Hence, (C) Cash receipt, $600,000 and (A) Cash payment, $1,025,000 are the correct answers.
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Suppose Jay wants to retire in exactly 12 years from today. He needs exactly $150000.00 when he reaches his future retirement age. In order to meet his goal retirement savings, he will make monthly contributions to his retirement account beginning one month from today. He will continue making equal monthly payments in the account until he reaches retirement age in 12 years.
What minimum amount needs to be places in his account at the end of each month so he will reach his retirement savings goal, if the annual interest rate is 5.25%?
Jay should place at least $832.71 in his retirement account at the end of each month to meet his retirement savings goal of $150,000 in 12 years, considering an annual interest rate of 5.25%.
To calculate the minimum amount Jay needs to contribute to his retirement account each month, we can use the future value of an ordinary annuity formula.
The future value of an ordinary annuity formula is given by:
FV = P * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r
Where:
FV = Future value (desired retirement savings)
P = Monthly payment
r = Monthly interest rate
n = Number of months (12 years * 12 months/year)
In this case, we know the future value (FV) is $150,000, the interest rate (r) is 5.25% per year, and the number of months (n) is 12 years * 12 months/year = 144 months.
Plugging these values into the formula, we can solve for the monthly payment (P):
$150,000 = P * [(1 + 0.0525/12)^144 - 1] / (0.0525/12)
Simplifying the equation, we can find the value of P:
P = $150,000 * (0.0525/12) / [(1 + 0.0525/12)^144 - 1]
Calculating this expression, the minimum amount Jay needs to contribute to his retirement account each month to reach his goal is approximately $832.71.
Therefore, Jay should place at least $832.71 in his retirement account at the end of each month to meet his retirement savings goal of $150,000 in 12 years, considering an annual interest rate of 5.25%.
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Question 3 – Planning and Plans Former US President and Commander of Allied Forces in World War II, Dwight Eisenhower, once said "Plans are useless, but planning is indispensable."
Using the material discussed in class, outline what Eisenhower meant and why he may be right. (10 marks, 400 words)
Dwight Eisenhower's quote, "Plans are useless, but planning is indispensable," emphasizes the importance of the planning process rather than the specific plans themselves. Here's an outline of what Eisenhower meant and why he may be right:
1. Planning as a Dynamic Process: Eisenhower suggests that plans should not be seen as rigid, fixed documents that dictate every step of a journey or operation. Instead, he highlights the significance of the planning process itself, which involves assessing the current situation, setting objectives, considering alternatives, and anticipating contingencies. Planning is a dynamic and ongoing activity that allows for adaptation and adjustment as circumstances change.
2. Uncertainty and Complexity: The world is inherently unpredictable and complex, whether it's in military campaigns, business strategies, or any other domain. Plans created in isolation may not fully account for all the uncertainties and variables that can arise during execution. Eisenhower recognizes that the reality on the ground often diverges from what was initially envisioned, rendering plans less effective. However, through comprehensive planning, decision-makers gain a deeper understanding of the complexities involved and are better prepared to navigate unforeseen challenges.
3. Flexibility and Adaptation: By emphasizing planning over plans, Eisenhower emphasizes the importance of flexibility and adaptability in achieving success. Rigid adherence to specific plans, especially in dynamic environments, can hinder progress and prevent individuals or organizations from capitalizing on emerging opportunities or responding effectively to unexpected obstacles. Planning, on the other hand, equips individuals and teams with the ability to think critically, analyze situations, make informed decisions, and adjust their course of action when necessary.
4. Continuous Learning and Improvement: Planning as an ongoing process allows for continuous learning and improvement. Through planning, individuals and organizations gain insights from past experiences, evaluate outcomes, and incorporate new knowledge into future actions. This iterative process helps refine strategies and enhances the ability to anticipate and manage risks and uncertainties effectively.
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Determine the interest rate r needed for an investment to triple in value in 17 years if interest is compounded continuously. Exact interest ratewithout using a calculator,r Interest rate,as a percent,rounded to 2 decimal places 6.[-/1Points] DETAILS MY NOTES Math 110 Course Resources -Compound Interest Course Packet on solving for an unknown length of time with discrete compounding of interest How long will it take for $2,000 to grow to $7,000 if the investment earns an interest rate of 20% per year compounded quarterly i.e.,4 times a year Exact length of time(without using a calculator),t years Length of timerounded to 2 decimal places years 7.[-/1Points] DETAILS MY NOTES How long does it take for an investment earning interest at a rate of 18% compounded quarterly i.e.4 times a year to double in value? Exact length of timewithout using a calculator),t= years Length of time,rounded to 2 decimal places years
a. the interest rate (r) needed for the investment to triple in value in 17 years, with interest compounded continuously, is approximately 4.09%. b. it will take approximately 6.06 years for the investment to grow from $2,000 to $7,000 with an interest rate of 20% per year compounded quarterly. c. it will take approximately 4.19 years for the investment earning interest at a rate of 18% compounded quarterly to double in value.
a. The interest rate (r) needed for an investment to triple in value in 17 years, with interest compounded continuously, is approximately **4.09%**.
To determine the interest rate, we can use the formula for continuous compound interest:
A = P * e^(rt),
where A is the final amount, P is the initial principal, e is the base of the natural logarithm (approximately 2.71828), r is the interest rate, and t is the time in years.
In this case, we want the investment to triple in value, which means the final amount (A) is three times the initial principal (P). Therefore, we have:
3P = P * e^(rt).
By canceling out the initial principal (P) on both sides of the equation, we get:
3 = e^(rt).
Taking the natural logarithm of both sides, we have:
ln(3) = rt.
Now, we can solve for the interest rate (r) by dividing both sides by 17:
r = ln(3) / 17 ≈ 0.0409 ≈ 4.09%.
Therefore, the interest rate (r) needed for the investment to triple in value in 17 years, with interest compounded continuously, is approximately 4.09%.
b. It will take approximately **6.06 years** for an investment of $2,000 to grow to $7,000 if the investment earns an interest rate of 20% per year compounded quarterly.
To determine the length of time, we can use the formula for compound interest:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt),
where A is the final amount, P is the initial principal, r is the interest rate, n is the number of compounding periods per year, and t is the time in years.
In this case, the final amount (A) is $7,000, the initial principal (P) is $2,000, the interest rate (r) is 20% (or 0.20 as a decimal), and the compounding is done quarterly (n = 4).
Plugging these values into the formula, we have:
$7,000 = $2,000(1 + 0.20/4)^(4t).
Simplifying the equation, we get:
3.5 = (1 + 0.05)^(4t).
Taking the logarithm of both sides, we have:
log(3.5) = log(1.05)^(4t).
Using the logarithmic properties, we can rewrite the equation as:
4t = log(3.5) / log(1.05).
Solving for t, we divide both sides by 4:
t = (log(3.5) / log(1.05)) / 4 ≈ 6.06 years.
Therefore, it will take approximately 6.06 years for the investment to grow from $2,000 to $7,000 with an interest rate of 20% per year compounded quarterly.
c. It will take approximately **4.19 years** for an investment earning interest at a rate of 18% compounded quarterly to double in value.
Using the same formula for compound interest as in the previous question:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt),
where A is the final amount, P is the initial principal, r is the interest rate, n is the number of compounding periods per year, and t is the time in years.
In this case, we want the investment to double in value, which means the final amount (A) is twice the initial principal (P). Therefore, we have:
2P = P(1
+ 0.18/4)^(4t).
Cancelling out the initial principal (P), we get:
2 = (1 + 0.045)^(4t).
Taking the logarithm of both sides, we have:
log(2) = log(1.045)^(4t).
Simplifying the equation, we find:
4t = log(2) / log(1.045).
Dividing both sides by 4, we get:
t = (log(2) / log(1.045)) / 4 ≈ 4.19 years.
Therefore, it will take approximately 4.19 years for the investment earning interest at a rate of 18% compounded quarterly to double in value.
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Question 21 0.66 points Tam Attem With reference to Boston Consulting Group Matrix, the strategic options facing a question mark are to make the investments necessary to increase market share and manage the business to a star O true Fake Question 22 Unless the corporate parent is creating greater value than its costs, the businesses would be better off as independent companies. O True False Mi Question 23 The aim of Portfolio analysis is to evaluate related and unrelated diversification strategies and to take over a competitor. True False Question 24 The main reason for conglomerate diversification is, growth in an organization's existing markets. O True O False Stion will save this response. estion 25 Unlike overall cost-leadership and differentiation strategies, which are industry-wide, a focus strategy is aimed at serving a particular target market efficiently True O False A Moving to another question will save this response.
Question 21: False - With reference to the Boston Consulting Group Matrix, the strategic options facing a question mark are to make the investments necessary to increase market share and manage the business to a star.
Question 22: True - Unless the corporate parent is creating greater value than its costs, the businesses would be better off as independent companies.
Question 23: False - The aim of portfolio analysis is to evaluate related and unrelated diversification strategies, not specifically to take over a competitor.
Question 24: False - The main reason for conglomerate diversification is not growth in an organization's existing markets.
Question 25: True - Unlike overall cost-leadership and differentiation strategies, a focus strategy is aimed at serving a particular target market efficiently.
Question 21: The statement is false. In the Boston Consulting Group Matrix, the strategic options for a question mark are not specifically to make investments to increase market share and manage the business to a star category. Instead, question marks are characterized by low market share in high-growth markets, and strategic options include deciding whether to invest in them to turn them into stars, harvest them for short-term profits, or divest them.
Question 22: The statement is true. If a corporate parent is not creating greater value than its costs, it indicates that the businesses under its control would be more profitable and better off operating as independent companies rather than being part of the corporate portfolio.
Question 23: The statement is false. The aim of portfolio analysis is to assess the performance and potential of different businesses or products within an organization's portfolio. It helps evaluate the contribution of each business unit to the overall portfolio and aids in making decisions regarding resource allocation, divestment, and diversification strategies.
Question 24: The statement is false. The main reason for conglomerate diversification is not growth in an organization's existing markets. Conglomerate diversification involves entering new and unrelated markets to spread risk, gain access to new revenue streams, and leverage existing capabilities or resources across diverse industries.
Question 25: The statement is true. Unlike overall cost-leadership and differentiation strategies, which target a broad industry, a focus strategy involves concentrating efforts on serving a specific target market efficiently. By tailoring products, services, and marketing efforts to the needs and preferences of a particular customer segment, a company can achieve a competitive advantage and effectively meet the specific demands of that market.
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You will review a qualitative research.
The topic is up to you as long as you choose a peer-reviewed, academic research piece. I suggest choosing a topic that is at least in the same family as your expected dissertation topic so that you can start viewing what is out there. There are no hard word counts or page requirements as long as you cover the basic guidelines. You must submit original work, however, and a paper that returns as a large percentage of copy/paste to other sources will not be accepted. (Safe Assign will be used to track/monitor your submission for plagiarism. Submissions with a Safe Assign match of more than 25% will not be accepted.) Please use APA formatting and include the following information: Introduction/Background: Provide context for the research article. What led the author(s) to write the piece? What key concepts were explored? Were there weaknesses in prior research that led the author to the current hypothesis or research question? Methodology: Describe how the data was gathered and analyzed. What research questions or hypotheses were the researcher trying to explore? What statistical analysis was used? Study Findings and Results: What were the major findings from the study? Were there any limitations? Conclusions: Evaluate the article in terms of significance, research methods, readability and the implications of the results. Does the piece lead into further study? Are there different methods you would have chosen based on what you read? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the article in terms of statistical analysis and application? (This is where a large part of the rubric is covered.)
In their research article, Kremers, Bergman, Hong, & Thompson (2015) examine an intriguing topic of mutual attention in dating partners in the early stages of a relationship. The purpose of their study was to identify different behaviors and effects of mutual gaze in the early stages of dating relationships.
They were motivated to conduct this study because very little is known about the role of gaze and mutual gaze in the early stages of relationships and how it impacts relationship development.Methodology:Their sample consisted of 64 couples who had been together for about four months. They were primarily Caucasian, mostly in their 20s, and were either married or living together. Participants were instructed to come to the laboratory after having completed a daily diary in which they reported their daily activities.
They were instructed to sit on chairs facing each other while wearing eye-tracking glasses for a total of 5 minutes, and the recordings were then analyzed. During the eye-tracking phase, both partners were asked to answer some questions to ensure that their gaze was natural and not forced.Study Findings and Results:The research found that the exchange of mutual attention between romantic partners is a crucial and constructive feature of early romantic relationships, and that mutual gaze promotes a positive affect.
They discovered that there were differences in gaze patterns based on gender, with men using more eye contact when listening than women, while women used more eye contact when speaking. They concluded that mutual gaze is an essential component of early-stage relationships, and that it can have a positive impact on the health of a relationship.Conclusions:In summary, the article by Kremers et al. (2015) provides an insightful examination of the role of mutual gaze and how it influences the development of relationships in the early stages.
Their research provides insight into how mutual gaze might be beneficial in building and maintaining healthy relationships. The study is essential for shedding light on the effects of gaze in the initial stages of relationships, as very little is known about how eye contact can promote a positive affect and enhance relationship satisfaction. The research is significant in terms of further study and provides insight into how mutual gaze might be utilized in therapeutic settings to help couples with relationship issues.
The research methodology was comprehensive, and the results were clearly presented. The study was limited to a small sample size, which raises questions about generalizability, and the authors acknowledge that further research is necessary to support their findings. Overall, the study is well-written, the research methodology is sound, and the results are clearly presented.
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