the future value of a series of uneven cash flows over time can be computed by:

A shopping center contains between 15 and 50 retail stores, including a department or variety store, a supermarket, specialty stores, professional offices, and sometimes a bank.

A shopping center is a commercial complex that accommodates various retail establishments and services within a single location. It typically consists of a mix of stores, including a department or variety store, a supermarket for grocery shopping, specialty stores offering specific products or services, professional offices for various businesses, and sometimes a bank for financial transactions.

Shopping centers are designed to provide convenience to consumers by offering a diverse range of shops and services in one centralized place, making it easier for customers to fulfill their shopping needs and access different amenities.

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Government Auditing Standards characterize government engagements into the following three categories Financial audits, compliance audits, and performance audits, option a.

Government Auditing Standards (GAS), also known as the Yellow Book, categorizes government engagements into three main categories: financial audits, compliance audits, and performance audits.

Financial audits focus on examining and providing assurance on financial statements, including the fairness of presentation, internal controls, and compliance with applicable accounting standards.

Compliance audits assess whether an entity has complied with laws, regulations, contracts, or grant agreements that may have a direct and material effect on its financial statements.

Performance audits, on the other hand, evaluate the economy, efficiency, effectiveness, and equity of government programs or activities. These audits aim to provide insights into program effectiveness, resource utilization, and the achievement of program objectives.

Therefore, the correct answer is (a) Financial audits, compliance audits, and performance audits.

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According to the simple quantity theory of money, an increase in the money supply will shift the AD (aggregate demand) curve to the right and raise the price level. Therefore, the correct option is c. AD; the price level.

The simple quantity theory of money posits that in the long run, changes in the money supply have a direct impact on the price level. This theory assumes that the velocity of money (the rate at which money circulates in the economy) and real GDP remain constant.

When the money supply increases, there is more money available in the economy. This leads to an increase in aggregate demand as consumers and businesses have more money to spend. The increased aggregate demand shifts the AD curve to the right.

As the AD curve shifts to the right, the equilibrium level of output and employment in the economy may increase in the short run. However, in the long run, the economy tends to adjust, and the increase in aggregate demand primarily affects the price level. The increase in the money supply eventually leads to a proportional increase in the price level.

The correct option is c.

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Prior to the enactment of the UCC (Uniform Commercial Code), common law courts often refused to enforce both output contracts and requirements contracts because they failed to specify the quantity of goods to be produced or purchased.

Output contracts and requirements contracts are two types of agreements commonly used in commercial transactions. An output contract is an agreement where a seller agrees to sell all of its production or output to a particular buyer. On the other hand, a requirements contract is an agreement where a buyer agrees to purchase all of its requirements for a particular good from a specific seller.

Under common law, courts required contracts to include a definite and specific quantity of goods to be enforceable. Both output contracts and requirements contracts were problematic because they did not specify a fixed quantity. This lack of specificity made it difficult for courts to determine the obligations and performance of the parties involved.

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The effective annual interest rate on the loan is 9.5%. To calculate the effective annual interest rate on the loan, we need to consider the effect of the compensating balance.

To calculate the effective annual interest rate on the loan, we need to consider the effect of the compensating balance.

Given:

Principal amount (borrowed): $2,000,000

Stated interest rate: 9.5%

Compensating balance: 10%

To account for the compensating balance, we need to find the amount of money that must be deposited in the account to fulfill the requirement. The compensating balance is 10% of the borrowed amount, which is $2,000,000 * 0.10 = $200,000.

The actual amount available for borrowing is the difference between the principal amount and the compensating balance, which is $2,000,000 - $200,000 = $1,800,000.

Now, let's calculate the interest expense based on the actual amount borrowed ($1,800,000) and the stated interest rate (9.5%).

Interest expense = $1,800,000 * 0.095 = $171,000

The effective annual interest rate takes into account the interest expense relative to the actual amount available for borrowing. The formula to calculate the effective annual interest rate is:

Effective annual interest rate = (Interest expense / Actual amount available for borrowing) * 100

Effective annual interest rate = ($171,000 / $1,800,000) * 100 = 9.5%

Therefore, the effective annual interest rate on the loan is 9.5%.

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Parties can discharge their duty by being ready, willing and able to perform is True. Parties can discharge their duty by being ready, willing, and able to perform, which is known as tender.

Tender refers to the act of offering to perform a contractual obligation or settle a debt as agreed upon by the parties involved. By tendering performance, a party demonstrates their intention to fulfill their obligations under the contract. In some cases, the actual performance may not be necessary if the tender is sufficient to discharge the duty. This principle is relevant in various contractual situations, such as the delivery of goods, payment of debts, or provision of services. To successfully tender performance, the party must meet all the conditions and terms of the contract, and the tender should be unconditional and unequivocal. If one party is ready, willing, and able to perform but the other party refuses or is unable to accept the tender, the first party is considered to have discharged their duty and may be entitled to relief or damages if necessary.

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Option C) There are an adequate number of suppliers that want to compete for your business.

Competitive bidding is a better option when there are an adequate number of suppliers interested in competing for your business. This allows for a transparent and competitive process, which can help drive down prices and ensure the best value for the buyer.

a. In the case of a small dollar volume (option a), negotiating may be more efficient and cost-effective than conducting a competitive bidding process, as the effort and resources required for bidding may outweigh the benefits.

b. When there are unclear specifications (option b), negotiating can be more appropriate, as it allows for direct communication and clarification with the supplier to align on the requirements.

d. If suppliers are unwilling to bid (option d), competitive bidding becomes impractical, and negotiation may be the only viable option to engage with the suppliers and reach an agreement.

e. In a very short timeframe (option e), negotiations may be preferred over competitive bidding, as the bidding process typically takes time to allow suppliers to prepare and submit their proposals. Negotiations can be faster in such urgent situations.

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Bill Jones paid a total of $81.20 for the fishing rod, which includes the original price, 6% sales tax, and 10% excise tax.

find the sales tax amount by multiplying the cost of the fishing rod ($70.00) by the sales tax rate (6%). This gives us:

$70.00 × 0.06 = $4.20

calculate the excise tax amount by multiplying the cost of the fishing rod ($70.00) by the excise tax rate (10%). This results in:

$70.00 × 0.10 = $7.00

add the original cost of the fishing rod ($70.00), the sales tax amount ($4.20), and the excise tax amount ($7.00) to find the total amount Bill paid for the rod:

$70.00 + $4.20 + $7.00 = $81.20

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The Leadership Grid, developed by Blake and Mouton, is a model that assesses leadership styles based on two dimensions: concern for people (relationship-oriented) and concern for results (task-oriented).

The point on the grid that is proven to consistently be the best form of leadership is known as "Team Management" or "9,9" leadership style. This style represents a high concern for both people and results. Leaders following this approach emphasize teamwork, collaboration, and empowerment while also focusing on achieving high-performance outcomes.

They prioritize the development and well-being of their team members while striving for excellent results. The Team Management style is often associated with fostering a positive work environment, employee engagement, and long-term success.

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Firm a should select the high advertising budget strategy.b.What is the equilibrium outcome and payoffs given these strategies?

a. to determine the best strategy for firm a, we need to analyze the payoff matrix and identify the highest payoff for firm a regardless of firm b's decision. firm a's best strategy is to choose a high advertising budget since the payoff for firm a is highest in the top-right cell of the matrix (assuming higher payoffs are preferred). to determine the equilibrium outcome and payoffs, we need to identify the cell in the payoff matrix where both firms' strategies align and neither firm has an incentive to deviate. in this case, the equilibrium outcome occurs when both firms choose a high advertising budget. the corresponding payoff in this cell represents the equilibrium payoffs for both firms. let's assume that the payoff in the cell for high advertising budgets is (5, 3), meaning firm a receives a payoff of 5 and firm b receives a payoff of 3.

c. based on the given information, both firms are currently choosing the best strategy available to them. however, it is important to note that this analysis assumes that both firms are solely concerned with maximizing their own profits. if the firms were to collaborate or form a cooperative agreement, they might be able to achieve a higher joint payoff. cooperation could involve sharing advertising costs and jointly maximizing their profits.

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E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services via a telecommunications network.

E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, encompasses all online transactions that involve the exchange of products or services. It involves various activities such as online shopping, electronic payments, online auctions, and internet banking. E-commerce has gained significant popularity and has become a crucial part of the global economy. It provides convenience, accessibility, and a broader reach for businesses and consumers worldwide. E-commerce platforms enable businesses to showcase and sell their products or services to a vast customer base, while consumers can shop from the comfort of their homes and have items delivered to their doorstep. The growth of e-commerce has revolutionized the way businesses operate and has transformed the traditional retail landscape.

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The decrease in accounts receivable appears as an $8,000 increase to net income as an operating activity on the consolidated statement of cash flows.

The decrease in accounts receivable is considered a source of cash and is reflected as an increase to net income in the operating activities section of the consolidated statement of cash flows.

When accounts receivable decreases, it means that cash has been collected from customers, resulting in an increase to net income. This increase in net income is then added back to account for the cash that was generated. In this case, the consolidated accounts receivable decreased by $8,000, so it is added to net income as a positive adjustment in the operating activities section.

This indicates that the decrease in accounts receivable contributed to the cash generated by the company's operations.

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(1) The state expenditure structure should be different from that of individuals for two main reasons:

a) Perpetual existence: Unlike individuals, the state has a perpetual existence and operates on a long-term basis. Individuals have finite lifespans and their expenditure patterns are influenced by their immediate needs and preferences. In contrast, the state must consider the long-term welfare and development of society as a whole. This means that the state's expenditure structure needs to incorporate investments in infrastructure, education, healthcare, and other long-term projects that may not directly benefit individuals in the short term but contribute to the overall well-being of the society over time.

b) Nature of social and industrial functions: The state has the responsibility to provide public goods and services that benefit the entire society, such as defense, public safety, transportation, and environmental protection. These functions are essential for the functioning and progress of society as a whole, but they may not be efficiently provided by individuals on their own. The state's expenditure structure should prioritize these collective needs and allocate funds accordingly, even if individual preferences may differ. The state also has a role in addressing market failures, redistributing income, and ensuring social welfare, which further distinguishes its expenditure structure from that of individuals.

In conclusion, the state's expenditure structure differs from individuals due to its perpetual existence and the nature of its social and industrial functions. The state must consider long-term welfare and invest in public goods, services, and addressing market failures, which may not align with immediate individual preferences.

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False. Businesses that engage in ultrahazardous activities are generally held strictly liable for any injuries the activities cause.

Strict liability means that the business can be held responsible for the harm caused, even if they were not negligent or did not intend to cause harm. Ultrahazardous activities are those that involve a high degree of risk and potential for harm, such as using explosives, handling toxic chemicals, or engaging in activities with a high likelihood of causing environmental damage.

Because these activities pose a significant risk to others, businesses must take all necessary precautions and may still be held liable for any injuries or damages that occur as a result of their ultrahazardous activities.

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The goal of brand-name awareness exists when your company's brand is the first brand that consumers recall when thinking about brands in a particular product category.

Achieving top-of-mind awareness (TOMA) means that your brand has successfully established a strong and prominent presence in the minds of consumers. When consumers automatically associate your brand with a specific product or service, it indicates a high level of brand recognition and recall. This positioning is crucial for capturing consumer attention, driving preference, and increasing the likelihood of being chosen over competitors. TOMA signifies that your brand has effectively communicated its unique value proposition and built a strong brand identity that resonates with consumers, leading to increased brand loyalty and market share.

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The level (or extent) of lower-level participation in the budgeting process refers to the use of authoritative vs. participative budgeting.

The level of lower-level participation in the budgeting process refers to the extent to which those at lower levels of the organization are involved in the budgeting process.

This can be done through either authoritative budgeting, where higher-level managers make all budgeting decisions, or participative budgeting, where lower-level managers and employees have a say in the budgeting process.

The level of lower-level participation can have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the budgeting process, as it can affect employee buy-in and motivation to achieve budget goals.

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The inventory, purchases, and costs of goods sold budget for a merchandiser calculates budgeted purchases using option A, which is "Cost of goods sold - Desired ending merchandise inventory - Beginning merchandise inventory."

The cost of goods sold (COGS) represents the cost of the products that a company sells during a certain period of time. The desired ending merchandise inventory represents the value of the inventory that a company wants to have on hand at the end of that same period. Finally, the beginning merchandise inventory represents the value of the inventory that a company had at the beginning of the period.

So, when we subtract the desired ending merchandise inventory and the beginning merchandise inventory from the cost of goods sold, we get the amount of inventory that a company needs to purchase during the period in order to meet its sales goals and maintain its desired ending inventory level.

In other words, this calculation helps a merchandiser determine how much inventory it needs to purchase in order to keep its shelves stocked and meet customer demand.

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None of the given practices would be considered "engaged in Insurance premium financing."

Insurance premium financing refers to a financial arrangement where a third-party lender provides funds to an individual or business to pay for insurance premiums. The borrower then repays the loan to the lender, typically with interest, over a specified period of time.

The practices described in the options provided are related to the overdue payment of premium accounts receivable by a producer, which does not directly involve insurance premium financing. These options pertain to the delinquency or late payment of premium accounts receivable by a producer, but they do not indicate engagement in insurance premium financing.

It's important to note that engaging in insurance premium financing would involve a specific arrangement or agreement with a lender for the purpose of financing insurance premiums, which is not reflected in the options provided.

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The following statement is true about business-to-business (B2B) shows and business-to-customer (B2C) shows:

B2B shows primarily cater to businesses and are focused on showcasing products, services, and networking opportunities for professionals within specific industries or sectors. These shows are designed to facilitate business transactions, establish partnerships, and promote business-to-business relationships.

B2C shows, on the other hand, target individual consumers and are geared towards showcasing products and services directly to the public. These shows often involve demonstrations, promotional activities, and opportunities for consumers to make purchases or gather information about products and services of interest to them.

In summary, the main distinction between B2B shows and B2C shows lies in their target audience and purpose. B2B shows target businesses and aim to facilitate business interactions, while B2C shows target individual consumers and focus on promoting products and services directly to the public.

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At the end of the year, the labor force in Economica will consist of 15,550 workers, and the unemployment rate will be 3.7%.

To calculate the labor force at the end of the year, we need to consider the changes in the labor force throughout the year.

Given information:

Total labor force = 15,000 workers

Unemployed workers = 600

Changes in the labor force:

New workers entering the labor force = 750

Workers returning to the labor force = 255

Workers leaving the labor force voluntarily = 150

Workers losing their jobs = 300

Workers finding jobs = 1400

Workers retiring or leaving for other reasons = 450

Total labor force at the end of the year = Initial labor force + New workers entering - Workers leaving the labor force

                                    = 15,000 + 750 + 255 - (150 + 450)

                                    = 15,000 + 750 + 255 - 600

                                    = 15,405 workers

Unemployment rate at the end of the year = (Number of unemployed workers / Labor force) * 100

                                        = (600 / 15,405) * 100

                                        ≈ 3.9% (rounded to one decimal place)

At the end of the year, the labor force in Economica will consist of approximately 15,405 workers, and the unemployment rate will be approximately 3.9%. These calculations demonstrate the changes in the labor force and the resulting unemployment rate based on the given information.

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Agreements on conflict resolution methods are important because they promote a positive work environment and improve team efficiency.

Agreements on conflict resolution methods within a team are crucial for various reasons. Firstly, they foster a positive work environment by addressing issues and misunderstandings promptly and effectively. This creates an atmosphere of trust and open communication, enabling team members to express their concerns without fear of retribution.

Secondly, having a predefined method for resolving conflicts helps maintain professionalism, ensuring that disputes are dealt with objectively and fairly. This encourages mutual respect among team members and reinforces the importance of collaboration.

Thirdly, agreements on conflict resolution strategies improve overall team efficiency. When conflicts are resolved quickly and fairly, team members can refocus on their shared goals and responsibilities. This results in better productivity and higher-quality outcomes in the workplace.

In conclusion, agreements on conflict resolution methods are vital in promoting a positive work environment, fostering professionalism, and enhancing team efficiency.

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The given statement, "Rapid changes in digital technology have hampered the consumers' decision-making process due to an increasing overload of information" is true because rapid changes in digital technology have led to an increase in the amount of information available to consumers, making it difficult for them to make informed decisions.

The digital age has brought about an unprecedented amount of information accessible to consumers, making it difficult to filter and evaluate all the available options. Consumers may experience decision fatigue or decision paralysis when confronted with too many choices, leading to delays or dissatisfaction in their decision-making process.

Additionally, the rapid pace of technological advancements means that consumer preferences and trends can change quickly. Keeping up with the latest technologies and understanding their implications on purchasing decisions can be demanding for consumers.

Furthermore, the abundance of information online can sometimes lead to conflicting or misleading information, making it harder for consumers to make informed choices. Sorting through reviews, opinions, and marketing messages can be time-consuming and confusing.

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The prisoner's dilemma in an economic context is a model used to illustrate why collusion tends to break down. This model shows how two parties may both benefit if they cooperate and act in their mutual interest, but because of the possibility of one party betraying the other for personal gain, both parties ultimately end up worse off.

The prisoner's dilemma can also be applied to situations in which running at a loss may be beneficial in the long run or when a firm must make decisions with high variable costs and limited profit. However, at its core, the prisoner's dilemma highlights the sacrifices that parties must make when choosing between values or opportunities and the risks associated with trusting others in a competitive environment. Overall, the prisoner's dilemma serves as a cautionary tale for the dangers of short-term thinking and the importance of building trust and cooperation in economic relationships.

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Relative to the conventional Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), an optimistic EKC peaks at a lower level of pollution and a higher level of income per capita.

The conventional EKC suggests an inverted U-shaped relationship between pollution and income, where pollution initially increases with economic growth and then starts to decline once a certain income level is reached. On the other hand, the optimistic EKC suggests that technological advancements and improved environmental policies can lead to a more sustainable development trajectory. In this case, pollution is expected to peak at a lower level, indicating that societies can achieve a cleaner environment even at earlier stages of economic development. Simultaneously, the income per capita associated with the peak pollution level is higher, reflecting the potential for greener economic growth and higher standards of living.

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Capital Management Ltd's stock price is $232.14 and he rte at which Capital Management Ltd's dividends and earnings per share are expected to grow is 3.2%.

The first step to finding the stock price of Capital Management Ltd is to determine the present value of the expected dividend using the formula:

P0 = D1/(r-g), where D1 is the expected dividend, r is the equity cost of capital, and g is the expected growth rate.

Using the formula: P0 = $10/(0.077 - 0.032) = $232.14

Therefore, Capital Management Ltd's stock price is $232.14.

Suppose that Capital Management Ltd decides to pay a dividend of only $5 per share this year and use the remaining $5 per share to repurchase stock. The dividend per share for next year is calculated as follows:

Next year's dividend per share = Current year's dividend per share x (1 + growth rate) = $5 x (1 + 0.032) = $5.16

The dividend payout rate is still constant at 50% ($5.16/$10.32).

Using the same formula: P0 = D1/(r-g)

P0 = $5.16/(0.077 - 0.032)

P0 = $123.81.

Therefore, rate at which Capital Management Ltd's dividends and earnings per share are expected to grow is 3.2%.

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The nonprofit "1001 fountains for tomorrow" is an excellent example of a charity that is dedicated to providing a basic human need - safe drinking water - to small rural villages in Cambodia.

Access to clean and safe water is a fundamental human right, and this organization is doing a remarkable job of fulfilling that right. Their goal of building 1001 fountains is an ambitious one, but it is also incredibly important for the communities they serve. Providing safe drinking water not only improves the health and well-being of the people in these villages, but it also helps to empower them by giving them greater control over their own lives and the ability to develop their communities sustainably. In summary, "1001 fountains for tomorrow" is an inspiring example of a nonprofit that is making a significant impact by providing a critical need to vulnerable communities in Cambodia.

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The bass note remains constant, even as we're going up the diatonic scale.

When we're talking about a musical scale, we're typically referring to a series of notes that follow a specific pattern of whole and half steps. The diatonic scale is a specific type of scale that consists of seven notes and follows a specific pattern of whole and half steps.  When we're talking about the bass note, we're typically referring to the lowest note in a chord or melody. In this case, the bass note remains constant, meaning it stays the same, even as we're going up the diatonic scale. This means that the notes above the bass note are changing, but the bass note itself is staying the same.  This could be important information for a musician who is trying to create a chord progression or melody that flows smoothly. By keeping the bass note constant, they can create a sense of stability and grounding in the music, even as the notes above it change and create movement and interest.

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If a nonissue (a company that is not publicly traded) refuses to give permission to the auditor to communicate with its external legal counsel, the auditor should modify option C: The attorney's letter of inquiry.

The attorney's letter of inquiry is a crucial document used by auditors to obtain information from the entity's legal counsel regarding pending litigation, claims, and assessments. It allows the auditor to assess the potential legal liabilities and contingencies that could impact the financial statements. When the nonissue denies permission for the auditor to communicate with its external legal counsel, the auditor's ability to obtain the necessary information and responses from the attorney may be restricted. As a result, the auditor may need to modify or exclude certain sections of the attorney's letter of inquiry, impacting the completeness and reliability of the information obtained.

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False. The statement that large companies have a natural advantage over small firms when it comes to preparing a strategic plan is not universally true.

The size of a company does not determine its advantage in strategic planning. While large companies may have certain advantages such as more resources, diverse expertise, and established infrastructure, small firms can also possess unique strengths in strategic planning.

These strengths can include agility, adaptability, innovation, and the ability to make quick decisions. Small firms often have the advantage of being more nimble and able to respond quickly to market changes, whereas large companies might be burdened by bureaucracy and slower decision-making processes.

Small firms may also have a closer connection to their customers and a better understanding of niche markets, enabling them to develop focused and effective strategic plans.

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The correct statement at all levels of production is "MC = AVC." This is because MC (marginal cost) represents the additional cost of producing one more unit of t-shirt, while AVC (average variable cost) represents the variable cost per unit of t-shirt produced.

In this scenario, since the total cost function is given as TC = 50 2Q, we can calculate MC by taking the derivative of this function with respect to Q, which is MC = 100. We can also calculate AVC by dividing the total variable cost by the number of units produced, which is AVC = 50q/Q = 50. Therefore, MC = AVC at all levels of production.
Now, let's analyze the options:
- MC = AC: False, since MC is constant (2) and AC varies with Q.
- MC = AVC: True, as MC = 2 and AVC = ATC, both change with Q.
- MC > AFC: Cannot be determined due to insufficient information on fixed costs.

So, the correct statement among the given options is MC = AVC.

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