The graph shows the altitude and temperature for different layers of Earth’s atmosphere. Based on the diagram, which of the following identifies a characteristic of the atmosphere between the stratopause and the tropopause?
answer choices
Cloud formation occurs in the stratosphere.
The warmest air is found in the mesosphere.
The ozone layer is in the stratosphere.
The troposphere is the closest layer to the sun.

Ethyne gas undergo combustion reaction to give two moles of carbon dioxide and water as per the balanced equation written below:

[tex]\rm C_{2} H_{2} + \frac{5}{2} O_{2} \rightarrow 2CO_{2} + H_{2}O[/tex]

Combustion is a type of reaction in which a gas burns in oxygen to give water and carbon dioxide. Hydrocarbons alkanes, alkenes or alkynes easily undergo combustion reaction and they can be used as fuels.

C₂H₂ is an alkyne names ethyne and it is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with triple bond between two carbon atoms. Ethyne gas reacts with oxygen to give two moles of carbon dioxide and one mole of water.

To balance the number of carbons the right side carbon dioxide is multiplied by 2 and the number of oxygens is balanced accordingly to get the balanced equation as follows:

[tex]\rm C_{2} H_{2} + \frac{5}{2} O_{2} \rightarrow 2CO_{2} + H_{2}O[/tex]

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Lead oxide is act as oxidizing agent and ammonia is act as reducing agent. 3PbO + 2NH₃ ⇒ 3Pb + N₂ + 3H₂O. This is a balance chemical equation.

A chemical equation is said to be balanced if the quantity of each kind of atom in the reaction is the same on both the reactant and product sides. In a balanced chemical equation, the mass and the change are both equal.

To match up the amount of atoms in the reactants and products, a chemical equation must be balanced. Following the rule of conservation of mass requires that a chemical equation be balanced. The balance of a chemical equation is disregarded by the rule of conservation of mass.

Thus, 3PbO + 2NH₃ ⇒ 3Pb + N₂ + 3H₂O. This is a balance chemical equation.

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From the calculation, the  maximum wavelength of photon that will eject a ground state electron from a hydrogen atom is 9.5 * 10^-8 m.

We know that the hydrogen atom has electrons that are in it at different energy levels. The lowest energy level of the photon is what we call the ground state of the electron.

The energy of the ground state of the hydrogen atom has an energy of about 13.6eV or 2.08 * 10^-18 J. Then we know that;

E = hc/λ

E = energy of the photon

h = Plank's constant

c = Speed of ight

λ = wavelength

λ = hc/E

λ = 6.6 * 10^-34 * 3 * 10^8/ 2.08 * 10^-18

λ = 9.5 * 10^-8 m

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According to Newton's Third Law of Motion, The force the child applies on the boat same force that is applied to the child.

The third regulation states that for every movement (force) in nature there is the same and contrary reaction. If item A exerts a force on object B, object B also exerts an identical and contrary force on item A. In different phrases, forces result from interactions.

The swimmer whilst swimming pushes in opposition to the pool wall along with his feet and in return hurries up (swims) inside the course contrary to that of his push. Newton's third law of motion states that for each movement, there may be the same and contrary reaction.

The third law states that for each motion (pressure) in nature there is a same and contrary reaction. If object A exerts pressure on item B, object B also exerts an identical and contrary pressure on object A.

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A) The intermolecular force between acetone and ethanol are London dispersion, Dipo-dipole, and hydrogen bonding.

B) The intermolecular force between pentane and hexane is London dispersion.

C) The intermolecular force between pentanol and water are London dispersion, Dipo-dipole, and hydrogen bonding.

An intermolecular force can be described as the force that the interaction between molecules, including the electromagnetic forces which act between atoms and other types of neighboring particles such as atoms or ions.

Intermolecular forces are generally weak relative to intramolecular forces the forces which held molecules together. The covalent bond which is involving the mutual sharing of electron pairs between atoms is much stronger than the intermolecular forces between neighboring molecules.

Attractive intermolecular forces are hydrogen bonding, Ion-dipole forces, ion-induced dipole forces, and London dispersion force.

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Propene is a compound which has covalent bonds out of which 8 sigma bonds and 1 pi bond.

Covalent bond is defined as a type of bond which is formed by the mutual sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between the two atoms.These electron pairs are called as bonding pairs or shared pair of electrons.

Due to the sharing of valence electrons , the atoms are able to achieve a stable electronic configuration . Covalent bonding involves many types of interactions like σ bonding,π bonding ,metal-to-metal bonding ,etc.

Sigma bonds are the strongest covalent bonds while the pi bonds are weaker covalent bonds .

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The buffer solution's pH value is 0.18.

An aqueous solution known as a buffer is composed of a weak acid and its salt (acid buffer) or a weak base and its salt (basic buffer). It is used to prevent pH changes in solutions because, when a small amount of a strong acid or base is added to it, its pH changes very little.

Concentration of CH₃CH₂COOH= 2.00 mol dm⁻³

Volume of CH₃CH₂COOH = 200 cm³ = 200 ml

Concentration of CH₃CH₂COONa = 1.00 mol dm⁻³

Volume of CH₃CH₂COONa = 600 cm³ = 600 ml

Ka for CH₃CH₂COOH = 1.32×10⁻⁵

The following expression can be used to determine the pH of an acidic buffer solution:

pH = pKa + log [salt/acid]

We can determine the salt and acid concentrations by changing the given values in the expression above.

[Salt] = 600×1/100 = 6M

[Acid] = 200×2/100 = 4M

Change the values in the equation above.

pH = 1.32×10⁻⁵ + log [6/4]

pH = 1.32×10⁻⁵ + 0.17609

pH = 0.0000132 + 0.17609

pH = 0.1761032

pH = 0.18

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Answer:

1.5055 × 10²³ molecules of C

Explanation:

Formula we use,

→ No. of moles × 6.022 × 10²³

Now the molecules will be,

→ No. of moles × 6.022 × 10²³

→ 0.25 × 6.022 × 10²³

→ 1.5055 × 10²³

There is 1.5055 × 10²³ molecules.

The feature of the Benedict's test that corresponds to the reducing sugar concentration is the intensity of the color.

Reducing sugars are sugars that are able to act as reducing agents by giving up one or more free electrons.

Reducing sugars have a free aldehyde or ketone group in their molecule.

Reducing sugars are usually all monosaccharides and disaccharides except sucrose.

Examples of reducing sugars are:

Reducing sugars reduce reagents such as Fehling solution and Tollen's reagent.

A test for reducing sugars is Benedict's test.

In Benedict's test, Benedict's solution is added to the sugar and heated in a water bath, A change in color from blue to green or yellow or orange, or red within three minutes indicates a positive Benedict test presence of reducing sugar in the sample. The intensity of the color corresponds to the concentration of the reducing sugar.

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The mass of iron starting at 100°C to increase the water’s temperature to 65.0°C is 531.3g.

The mass of a substance can be calculated using the following expression;

Q = mc∆T

mc∆T (water) = - mc∆T (metal)

According to this question, a specific mass of iron added to 50.0g of water at 25.0°C to increase the water’s temperature to 65.0°C. The mass can be calculated as follows:

50 × 4.184 × (65 - 25) = -{m × 0.450 × (65 - 100)}

8368 = 15.75m

m = 531.3g

Therefore, 531.3g is the mass of the iron.

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Answer:

0.146 M

Explanation:

Use v1s1 = v2s2

here, v1 = 500 mL, v2 = 700 mL, s1 = 0.205 M & s2 = new concentration

One sigma and two pi bonds make up the triple bond in the diatomic molecule of nitrogen.

As with all molecules, molecular nitrogen is made up of two nitrogen atoms triple bonded to one another. As with all molecules, this triple bonding allows the outer electron shells of the two nitrogen atoms to fill up, making the molecule more stable than the individual nitrogen atoms.

With another nitrogen atom, three of them form a triple bond (which also has five electrons in its outermost shell). Because of this, a nitrogen molecule has a triple bond between two nitrogen atoms and a lone pair on each nitrogen atom.

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From the solubility curve, it is clear that 84 g of potassium nitrate can be dissolved in 100 g of water at 50°C.

Solubility is defined as the ability of a substance which is basically solute to form a solution with another substance. There is an extent to which a substance is soluble in a particular solvent. This is generally measured as the concentration of a solute present in a saturated solution.

The solubility mainly depends on the composition of solute and solvent ,its pH and presence of other dissolved substance. It is also dependent on temperature and pressure which is maintained.Concept of solubility is not valid for chemical reactions which are irreversible. The dependency of solubility on various factors is due to interactions between the particles, molecule or ions.

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The valence bond theory involves the combination of atomic orbitals.

We know that the valence bond theory has to do with the combination of the atomic orbitals so as to form compounds. The main kernel of this theory is that atomic orbitals that have the appropriate energy are combined together to produce the required molecular orbitals of the compound.

We can see that that the formation of the fluorine molecule involves the combination of two p orbitals, the combination of the hydrogen fluoride molecule involves the combination of an s and a p orbital just as the formation of ClBr involves the combination of two p orbitals.

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Based on the quantity of heat required to convert the system ice and water to water at 0.0 °C, the mass of the water initially present is 8.0 g.

The mass of the ice that requires 1.333 kJ of heat to be converted to water at 0.0 °C is calculated as follows:

Assuming the system of ice and water was initially at 0.0 °C

The heat of fusion of ice = 333 J/g

mass of ice  = ?

Heat change = 1.33 kJ or 1330 J of heat

mass of ice = heat change / heat of fusion of ice

mass of ice = 1330 / 333 J

mass of ice = 4.00 g

Hence, the mass of the water = mass of ice and water - mass of ice.

mass of ice and water = 12.0 g

mas of water = 12.0 - 4.0

mass of water = 8.0 g

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Acid base reaction. H2S - acid and NaHCO3 - base

The temperature of the gas is 0.49 K.

An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly transferring factor particles that aren't difficult to interparticle interactions. the best gasoline idea is beneficial because it obeys the precise gas law, a simplified equation of country, and is amenable to evaluation under statistical mechanics.

Volume is a degree of occupied three-dimensional space. it's far more frequently quantified numerically the usage of SI-derived gadgets or by way of diverse imperial gadgets. The definition of length is interrelated with the extent.

An ideal gas is described as one for which both the extent of molecules and forces between the molecules are so small that they have got no effect at the behavior of the gas. The real gas that acts almost like a really perfect gasoline is helium. that is due to the fact helium, in contrast to maximum gases, exists as an unmarried atom, which makes the van der Waals dispersion forces as low as viable

Using the ideal gas equation:-

Given;

P₁ = 387 torr = 0.509211 atm

V₁ =  2 L

mole n = 0.25 mol

T = ?

R = 8.314

PV = nRT

T = PV /nR

   = 0.509211 × 2 / 0.25 × 8.314

   = 0.49 K

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Iron is more denser, due to its tightly packed particles and little volume occupied, which results in a very high density.

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Taking into account the definition of enthalpy of a chemical reaction, 107.94 kJ is produced  when 7.25g of MgO is formed.

The enthalpy of a chemical reaction is the energy that is released or absorbed when chemicals are transformed into a chemical reaction at constant pressure.

The enthalpy is an extensive property, that is, it depends on the amount of matter present.

In this case, the balanced reaction is:

2 Mg + O₂ → 2 MgO + 1200 kJ

This equation indicates that when 2 moles of Mg reacts with 1 mole of O₂, 2 moles of MgO are formed and 1200 kJ of heat is released.

If 7.25g of MgO is formed and being the molar mass of MgO 40.30 g/mole, the moles of MgO formed is calculated as:

moles of MgO= 7.25 g÷ 40.30 g/mole

moles of MgO= 0.1799 moles

When 0.1799 moles of MgO is formed, then you can apply the following rule of three: if 2 moles of MgO are formed when 1200 kJ of heat is released, 0.1799 moles of MgO are formed when how much heat is released?

heat= (0.1799 moles of MgO× 1200 kJ)÷ 2 moles of MgO

heat= 107.94 kJ

Finally, 107.94 kJ is produced.

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Answer:

Neon is the tenth element with a total of 10 electrons. In writing the electron configuration for neon the first two electrons will go in the 1s orbital. Since 1s can only hold two electrons the next 2 electrons for Ne go in the 2s orbital. The remaining six electrons will go in the 2p orbital.

Explanation:

Answer:

XH2 = 0.5185; XN2 = 0.3782; XAr = 0.103

Explanation:

Let's say the mole fraction is Xi, i is individual gas, and Pi is partial pressure.

[tex]X_i=\frac{P_i}{P_{total}}[/tex]

Ptotal is all the pressure added together, which is:

449.0torrH2 + 327.5torrN2 + 89.5torrAr = 866.0torr

From this point, it's pretty simple, just plug the values into the equation (watch out sig figs):

XH2 = 449.0torr/866.0torr = 0.5185
XN2 = 327.5torr/866.0torr = 0.3782
XAr = 89.5torr/866.0torr = 0.103

Dilution is the process of lowering concentration in a solution by including water or any other solvent.

As is well known, the basic solution has a higher concentration of hydroxide ions and an acidic solution has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions. Water causes an acidic or basic solution to change in pH.

The concentration of hydrogen ions decreases when water or another solvent is added to an acid. Due to this, the acid's pH rises to around 7. In other words, the ph rises as the acid solution is diluted.

A highly concentrated acid has a pH of about 1, but as we add water or any other solvent, the pH rises to about 7. The pH changes to 7 when it is extremely diluted and only a trace amount of acid is present.

It should be noted that dilution is the process of lowering a solute's concentration in a solution. To achieve this, we must increase the solvent without increasing the solute.

A solution is deemed acidic if the pH value is less than 7.

A solution is deemed to be basic if the pH value is greater than 7.

A solution is deemed neutral if the pH value is 7 or greater.

One mole of aluminum oxide or Al₂O₃ is 102 g/mol  . It contains 54 g of Al metal. Thus, 25.5 tones of aluminum oxide contains 13.5 tones of Al. Therefore, the maximum mass of aluminum that can be extracted is 13.5 tones.

Aluminum is 13 the element in periodic table. It is an electropositive element and exhibit metallic properties. Aluminum easily forms its oxides by reacting with atmospheric oxygen.

The molar mass of aluminum oxide Al₂O₃ is 102 g/mol. The atomic mass of Al is 27 g/mol. Thus 102 g of Al₂O₃ contains 54 g of Al. Therefore, the mass of Al in 25.5 tones or 25.5 ×10⁶ g of Al₂O₃ is calculated as follows:

mass of Al = (25.5 ×10⁶ g × 54 g) / 102 g

                  = 13.5  ×10⁶ g = 13.5 tones.

Therefore, the maximum mass of aluminum that can be extracted is 13.5 tones

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Statements which correctly describe atomic orbitals are an orbital can contain a maximum of two electrons, p orbitals are always found in groups of 3. An s orbital is lower in energy than a p orbital of the same energy level.

Electrons present in an atom revolve in different orbits which are stationary states and are also called as energy levels. The energy levels are numbered as integers which are also called as principal quantum numbers.

Energy of the stationary state is given as E= -R

1/n² where R

is the Rydberg's constant. When an electron is excited, and it moves from lower to higher energy levels there is absorption of energy, while when it moves from higher energy level to lower energy level it radiates or gives out energy in the form of radiation.

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The first crystal structure is HCP (hexagonal closest-packed)

The second crystal structure is FCC (face-centered cubic)

The third crystal structure is BCC ((body-centered cubic)

The 4th crystal structure is  simple (simple cubic)

The unit cell can be described as the smallest repeating unit of the crystal lattice or the building block of a crystal.

The unit cells are all identical and are defined as they fill space without overlapping. The 3-Dimensional arrangement of atoms, molecules, or ions inside a crystal is known as a crystal lattice.

The crystal lattice is composed of numerous unit cells. A unit cell can either be simple cubic, body-centered cubic (BCC), or face-centered cubic (FCC). The simple cubic has a total of one atom in it. The BCC cubic has a total of two atoms in it. The FCC and HCP have a total of six atoms in them.

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Quantum numbers can be shown by;

ℓ

ms

When we talk about the quantum numbers that describe an electron, we are looking at the number that can be used to show the designation of an electron in an atom. Thus the position of the electron that can be found in the atom is shown by the use of the quantum numbers.

There are four sets of quantum numbers and they are;

1) orbital quantum number (l)

2) Spin quantum number (ms)

3) Magnetic quantum number (ml)

4) Principal quantum number (n)

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When these two are combined, a precipitate does indeed result. AgI(s) A g I (s) is the empirical formula for the precipitate.

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Ai. The car's initial kinetic energy is 22657.94 J

Aii. The car's initial potential energy is 939960.1 J

B. The car's final kinetic energy is 171420.38 J

C. The car's change in kinetic energy is 148762.44 J

Ai. How do I determine the car's initial kinetic energy?

We can obtain the initial kinetic energy of the car as illustrated below:

KE₁ = ½mu²

KE₁ = ½ × 566.99 × 8.94²

KE₁ = 22657.94 J

Aii. How do I determine the car's initial potential energy?

The car's initial potential energy can be obtained as shown below:

PE₁ = mgh

PE₁ = 566.99 × 9.8 × 169.164

PE₁ = 939960.1 J

B. How do I determine the car's final kinetic energy?

The final kinetic energy of the car can be obtained as illustrated below:

KE₂ = ½mv²

KE₂ = ½ × 566.99 × 24.59²

KE₂ = 171420.38 J

C. How do I determine the car's change in kinetic energy?

The change in the kinetic energy of the car can be obtained as follow:

ΔKE = KE₂ - KE₁

ΔKE = 171420.38 - 22657.94

ΔKE = 148762.44 J

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