The interference with conditioning that occurs as a result of repeated exposure to the unconditioned stimulus before conditioning trials begins is known as the US-preexposure effect.
What is the pre-exposure effect in the US?spontaneous stimulus The result of a subject being exposed to and becoming familiar with an unconditioned stimulus before to the start of a conditioning experiment is known as the preexposure effect (US preexposure effect). The emergence of a conditioned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus is slowed by familiarity.
What are CS and US?In classical conditioning, a human or animal learns to link a neutral stimulus (the conditioned stimulus, or CS) with a stimulus (the unconditioned stimulus, or US) that inherently results in a behavior (the unconditioned response, or UR).
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melanie is getting d grades in several of her classes. the most effective strategy to get melanie to study more would be for her parents to
Melanie, Sophia's daughter, is receiving "D" grades across the board. Melanie's parents should encourage her to study more by giving her praise for good study habits.
What Does Positive Reinforcement Mean?When a behavior is followed by the introduction of a pleasing or desirable stimulus, this is known as positive reinforcement. The desirable stimulus reinforces the behavior, increasing the likelihood that it will happen again.
For instance, a student who works hard in class and is attentive to what is being said. They thus earn outstanding grades. A social reinforcer is an expression of approval for a behavior, such as the words "good job" or "excellent work" from a teacher, parent, or employer.
What are techniques for positive reinforcement?Positive reinforcement: Adding something enjoyable or desirable (such as a toy, food, or attention) to increase the likelihood that a specific behavior will take place. Negative reinforcement is the removal of something unpleasant or undesirable (such as aspirin to treat a migraine) in order to increase the likelihood that a target behavior will take place.
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a student arrives at school to find that he/she has an exam for which he/she is unprepared. which physiological response would be expected?
When a student gets to school, they discover they have an exam for which they are unprepared. Physical reaction would be anticipated. increased release of glucagon.
What does the adrenal cortex's stimulation by stress cause it to secrete?When under stress, the adrenal gland reacts quickly by secreting more glucocorticoids (GCs) and catecholamines into the bloodstream. These hormones then have an impact on metabolism, providing short-term energy, the vasculature, raising blood pressure, and the immune system, keeping it from becoming overly activated.
What determines a person's likelihood of having a stress reaction the most?According to the cognitive theory of emotion, whether we experience eustress or distress is influenced by our self-talk, often known as "automatic thoughts" and beliefs.
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determine if the statement is true or false. the rate of substance abuse among people with serious mental illnesses is about the same as that among the general population. responses true true false
The statement 'the rate of substance abuse among people with serious mental illnesses is about the same as that among the general population' is false.
Substance abuse can be described as the phenomenon in which a person takes illegal drugs or drugs that cause distractions to the mind of a person without the prescription of a doctor.
People with serious mental illnesses are known to be more prone to substance abuse. They might do it for various reasons such as to get a sense of peace, forget their illness, etc. On the contrary, the general public can also be engaged in substance abuse but the rate is higher for people with mental illnesses.
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What happened between the fall of the akkadian empire and the rise of the babylonian empire?.
Answer:After the fall of the Akkadian Empire, the city was taken over and settled by the Amorites. The city began its rise to power in 1792 BC when King Hammurabi took the throne. He was a powerful and capable leader who wanted to rule more than just the city of Babylon.
Explanation: Im correct Trust me ;)
What factors made the Tang capital of Chang'an a center of culture and trade? Select the two correct answers.
The factors that made the Tang capital of Chang'an a center of culture and trade are:
A. It welcomes foreigners and their beliefsD. It was located at one end of the Silk RoadWhat was the significance of Tang capital of Chang'an?The name Chang'an is one of the most important and immense ancient capital cities of ancient China. Also known as the eastern terminal of the Silk Road, the city is located in Shaanxi Province about 3 kilometers northwest of the modern town of Xi'An. The city of Chang'an served as capital to the leaders of the Western Han (206 BC-220 AD), Sui (581-618 CE), and Tang (618-907 AD) dynasties.
It was was established as a capital in 202 BC by the first Han Emperor Gaozu and it was destroyed during the political upheaval at the end of the Tang dynasty in 904 AD.
Missing options "A. It welcomed foreigners and their beliefs. B. It based its trade on the merit system. C. It was the center of silk production. D. It was located at one end of the Silk Road. E. It was located on the South China Sea.
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Prohibitions against bills of attainder, suspension of habeas corpus, and ex post facto laws can be found where?.
Prohibitions against bills of attainder, suspension of habeas corpus, and ex post facto laws can be found in the original Constitution.
The Preamble explains the motivations behind the Constitution's drafting. The framers' intentions were extremely clear. Preventing the federal government from wielding excessive authority over the populace was one of these objectives.
Because of this, many constitutional clauses describe what the government cannot do rather than outlining what it should do.
Article I, Section 9, Clause 3 of the Constitution is simply one illustration. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder may be passed, according to this clause. These specific prohibitions were included in Article I of the Constitution by its creators. They must've believed they were significant!
In The Federalist papers, the "Father of the Constitution," James Madison, stated that "Bills of attainder, ex post facto laws, and laws impairing the responsibilities of contracts, are repugnant to the essential principles of the social compact, and to every tenet of sound legislation."
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charities often send you a small gift (e.g., personalized address labels) in an attempt to increase your likelihood of making a donation. this is an example of which influence tactic? charities often send you a small gift (e.g., personalized address labels) in an attempt to increase your likelihood of making a donation. this is an example of which influence tactic? authority
Charities frequently offer you a modest gift in an effort to boost the likelihood that you would make a donation (such as personalised address labels). This is an illustration of the influence tactic of reciprocity.
This implies that there is a norm for reciprocity and that people are more likely to be treated as they treat others.
Most people interact with other people in some way since they live in a society. In order for there to be reciprocity, at least two parties must engage in a financial or non-financial exchange. According to reciprocity psychology, since there is a social expectation of reciprocal treatment, exchange participants may influence how other participants react by acting.
Therefore, the bible's famous command to treat people as you would like to be treated. The expectation that kindness will be reciprocated exists when treating someone well. This is the reciprocity principle.
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james barber concludes that the most desirable type of presidential character is group of answer choices active-negative passive-negative passive-positive active-positive
James Barber comes to the conclusion that an active-positive personality makes for the ideal president. Here option D is correct answer.
A method for categorizing a president's personality into active-positive, active-negative, passive-positive, or passive-negative traits was developed by James Barber. A president who is proactive and upbeat will have high levels of optimism and a general affection for the office.
There have been five main sorts of presidents throughout history. They include the contemporary presidency, the prerogative presidency, the public presidency, the stewardship presidency, and the stringent constructionist president.
Successful U.S. presidents seem to share the following leadership traits, according to a well-known study on presidential character a compelling future vision for the nation. A historical perspective on their own time period.
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what is the bill of rights? what were the reasons for it? summarize what freedom each amendment protects.
The Constitution's Bill of Rights is comprised of the first ten Amendments. It outlines the rights of Americans with regard to their government. It ensures that each person has the freedoms of speech, the press, and religion.
What is the Bill of Rights, and how did we acquire it?The Bill of Rights is made up of the first ten amendments to the Constitution. In response to requests from many states for additional constitutional protection for individual liberty, James Madison drafted the amendments, which outline explicit restrictions on governmental power.
Why was the Bill of Rights created?The American people needed strong assurances that the new government would not violate their recently earned freedoms of speech, press, and religion, as well as their right to be free from warrantless searches and seizures, after being recently liberated from the oppressive English monarchy.
List the freedoms that each amendment guarantees in brief.Freedom of petition, assembly, speech, and the press.The right to keep and bear arms is necessary to keep a well-controlled militia.No military quartering.Protection from arbitrary searches and seizures.Freedom from self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and the right to a fair trial.Rights of those who have been accused, such as the right to a quick and open trial.The right to a jury trial in civil proceedings.Freedom from harsh penalties and expensive bail.Other constitutional rights.States are given exclusive authority.Learn more about Bill of Rights: https://brainly.com/question/6836926
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age friendly environments include not only physical buildings and areas that are accessible to older adults but also that the environment is socially accessible for engaging older adults in activities, volunteer opportunities and continued learning.true or false
According to continuity theory, older people keep their position, their past behaviours, and the relationships they had when they were younger. The answer is True.
Adults adapt their recent behaviours based on their prior experience, according to this hypothesis.People seek to maintain balance in their lives in this state.They might not be doing the same job exactly, but they are still employing the talents they learned when they were younger.The natural ageing process that takes place in persons is called continuity.This is the situation in which the elderly continued to act and behave as they had in earlier periods of their lives. This hypothesis contends that older adults continue to be active by employing techniques from their formative years. This hypothesis is a component of three other ageing psychology theories. Disengagement theory and activity theory are the other two psychological theories, and continuity theory comes in oddly and elaborates and alters everything. It can be understood from the level of functions and related to a micro-level theory.
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Did all of the colonies agree to pay for the quartering of soldiers? Cite textual evidence to support your claim.
Answer:no not all of them do
Explanation: ?
If the force on a cart is doubled, what happens to the acceleration of the cart?.
If the force on a cart is doubled, then the acceleration on the cart will also get doubled.
Force may be defined as the influence within which the state of a body can be changed. It can cause a body to move, and it can also cause a moving body to stop. It is the product of mass of the body and the acceleration of the body. Acceleration may be defined as the rate with which the velocity of a body changes with time in both direction and speed as it is vector quantity. Let us assume that the force on a cart of mass 'm' and acceleration 'a' is equal to F. The expression of force will be
F = ma
Now, the acceleration will can be expressed as
a = F/m
If the force on the cart becomes 2F then the acceleration will be
a' = 2F/m
a' = 2a
that is acceleration is doubled.
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your friend devin, who is right-handed, has played the violin for almost 20 years. if you conducted an mri scan of devin's brain, you would expect to see an increase in the size of his:
If a friend named Devin, who is right-handed, has played the violin for almost 20 years, conducting an MRI scan of Devin's brain, would reveal an increase in the size of his: hand region in motor cortex in the right hemisphere.
What is the function of the brain's right hemisphere?The right hemisphere of the brain is responsible for the processing of images and spatial factors. It is also connected to problem solving, memory and attention.
For Devin who is righthanded, we can expect to see an increase in the sizze of the hand region in motor cortex which directs the movements in the body. This motor cortex consists of the premotor, the primary and the supplemenatary motor area.
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describe how oceans or seas affect the climate of coastal areas.
The axon of a resting neuron has gates that do not allow positive sodium ions to pass through the cell membrane. What is this characteristic called?.
The characteristic of the axon of a resting neuron gates that do not allow positive sodium ions to pass through the cell membrane is called Selective Permeability.
Selective Permeability by definition is a characteristic of a cellular membrane which only allow certain molecules to exit or enter the cell. This characteristic is especially important in order to maintain a constant state of condition within the cell despite of an ever-changing external environment. The cellular membrane/plasma membrane itself is a thin layer of flexible barrier separating the inside of a cell from its external environment. The cellular membrane is selectively permeable because of its structure which is made of a double layers of phospholipids that have both hydrophobic parts called the tails and hydrophilic parts called the heads. The hydrophobic heads of a phospholipids are facing the inside and outside of a cell and can easily mix with water, whereas the hydrophilic tails are located in the middle in between the two phospholipids and does not interact easily with water hence resulting in its selective permeability characteristic.
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a. recognition and identification of stimuli. b. planning for the future. c. directing attention to extrapersonal space. d. impulse control. e. directing attention to the body.
They boost activity in the brain areas in charge of deliberate behavior, so I think the correct answer is D.
Stimulants increase activity in the frontal lobe, basal ganglia, and regions of the brain associated with intelligent cognition. This increases the possibility that a person will direct all of his or her mental energy toward a single goal and be more productive all day.
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jed was in a residential treatment program for substance-related disorders that was one of the few programs that also addresses stigma among this population. what would likely be the program's focus for reducing stigma?
Accepting difficult feelings, connecting with others, emphasizing process over content in negative thinking, and exploring goals and values in life.
Which part of the brain is primarily active during the binge-intoxication phase of the addiction cycle?An individual consumes their preferred substance during the binge/intoxication stage of the addiction cycle. The nucleus accumbent and the dorsal striatum, two important brain subregions of the basal ganglia, are extensively involved in this period.
What connection is there between addiction and mental illness?There are recognized risk factors for the emergence of some mental illnesses. The use of drugs as a kind of self-medication by people with moderate, severe, or even subclinical mental problems is frequently suggested.
What elements affect college students' drug use patterns?Family background.
Concerns about mental health.
Unmet Trauma.
Metabolism.
Peer Influence and the College Environment.
Academic Performance and Pressure.
failure to flourish
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during which step of the emergency planning process should communities begin to engage the whole community in planning?
Communities should begin to engage the entire community in disaster planning during the "Form a collaborative planning team" step of the crisis planning process.
Forming a collaborative planning team is the first step in the process of planning. Experience and lessons learned show that emergency planning is best accomplished as a group effort. When planning as a group, the team members:
Improve your understanding of each team member's function. Develop or broaden your relationships with one another. Can garner the support and backing of the principal, school board, as well as other community members.
The core planning team should be comprised of a smaller group of planners who are inclusive but not so large as to impede productivity.
Later, the team is expanded to include more community members to give specific expertise and also to review the strategy.
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what is the name for behaviors such as getting a p-value that is close to significant, then 'cleaning' or 'examining' the data until that p-value is significant?
The practice of achieving a p-value that is almost significant and then "cleaning" or "inspecting" the data to make it significant is known as "p-hacking."
What in statistics is the p value?
You can determine how likely it is for your data to have occurred under the null hypothesis by looking at the p-value, or probability value. This is accomplished by estimating the probability of your test statistic, which is the figure obtained from a statistical analysis of your data.
What exactly is p-hacking?P-hacking and selective reporting are other names for inflation bias, which is the misreporting of actual effect sizes in published studies (Box 1). It happens when researchers test out various statistical analyses and/or data eligibility requirements and then only release the results of those that are statistically significant [12–15].
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in many ethnically diverse schools, ethnic groups segregate themselves in the lunchrooms. white students often think that they would welcome black students to sit at their table but assume the black students do not like them. the black students believe the same thing about the white students. this pattern of thinking best illustrates:
Ethnic groups often separate in the lunchrooms at schools with a wide range of racial and ethnic backgrounds. White students frequently mistakenly believe that they would invite black students to sit at their table while assuming the opposite about the black students. The white students are viewed similarly by the black students. The easiest way to understand mirror-image perceptions is through this mental process.
In psychology, the word "perceptions" describes how a person sees the world. To put it another way, a person's perspective of who they are and the world around them can either be normal or aberrant, with the latter being frequently the result of a mental or psychological condition. The tendency for people to picture themselves as the opposite of the person they are in conflict with (especially when it is intense) is known as mirror-image perception. They are other people's mutual and reciprocal viewpoints. The opposing party or person adopts the same viewpoint. In times of conflict, when one nation attempts to inspire its people and troops by persuading them that the adversaries they are facing are the "evil guys," this is sometimes managed and established.
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What is the difference between an adult’s death and a child’s death when it comes to día de los muertos?.
The difference between an adult’s death and a child’s death when it comes to Día de Los Muertos is that the holiday for departed children is called Dia de los Angelitos (Day of the little angels) and it starts at midnight on November the 1st. Meanwhile, for the departed adult the holiday is called Dia de los Difuntos (Spirits of the adults) and starts at midnight on November the 2nd.
Dia De Los Muertos (Day of the Dead)It is the holiday in Mexico to reunite the living and the dead. The family gathers to honor those departed family members and celebrate at the beginning of November.
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hannah and chris are classmates who have gotten into a debate over whether or not the voting age should be lowered further. hannah believes that high school students have gotten more politically involved in recent years and that the voting age should be lowered to sixteen. chris disagrees and believes teenagers are more sensitive and could use more experience in the world before casting a vote, arguing that the voting age should be raised to twenty-one. which policy would chris likely agree with?
Chris will most likely agree with the policy of Repealing the Twenty-Sixth amendment.
The Twenty Sixth amendment talk about the Voting rights of persons above the age of 18.The Supreme Court concluded in Oregon v. Mitchell (1970) that while Congress has the jurisdiction to reduce the voting age for federal elections, it lacked such power for state and local elections. Therefore, states had the legal right to restrict voting in state and local elections to people who were at least 21 but were mandated by law to let people between the ages of 18 and 20 to cast ballots for the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of Representatives, and the President.
Congress proposed the Twenty-Sixth Amendment to lower the voting age to 18 for all elections in response to Oregon. The ratification process for this constitutional amendment was the quickest, taking less than four months.
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A state government places security cameras facing a popular site of protest in a public square in front of its statehouse. This scenario illustrates.
State Government places security cameras facing popular sites of protest in a public square in front of its statehouse illustrates to promote the balance for stability and ensure civil liberties.
Civil liberties are basic freedoms guaranteed by the Bill of Rights or interpreted through the years by courts and lawmakers. For most of us, then, when we talk about our 'rights,' we're really talking about our 'liberties.' Thus, placing cameras ensures a stop to any violence, and ensures stability over a peaceful lifestyle among civils in the state.
Prevention of protests, violence, crimes, and other illegal criteria among civilians is the only way to be stopped by placing cameras.
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Why did president washington give this advice about the future of u. S. Foreign policy?.
President Washington gives this advice in order to protect the sovereignty and independence of the new state and avoid expensive and deadly wars to work for economic and domestic reformation in US foreign policy.
During the farewell of President Washington in the year 1796, He gave advice about the future of the United States' foreign policy in order to :
Advice on being neutral in world affairs to keep the US on the safe side.He stated US foreign policy as a warning against "permanent inveterate antipathies against particular Nations," as well as "a passionate attachment of one Nation for another".He pointed reason above emotions and passion and was careful to cultivate fair and peaceful relations with other nations.Washington feared the anarchy would spread to North American shores.To learn more about president Washington, follow the below link:
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when one follows orders or behaves similarly to one's friends, one is demonstrating the power of social: please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices cognition. relations. influence. attraction.'
When one follows orders or behaves similarly to one's friends, one is demonstrating the power of social influence.
The term "social influence" describes actions taken to influence or mold other individuals. Power is the potential or ability to alter the attitudes, behaviors, or beliefs of others.
A group has collective power, whereas we frequently conceive of power in terms of how individuals try to influence one another. There is conformity through group influence, either by disclosing details about either explicitly or implicitly, by acceptable behavior or group pressure.
Additionally, obedience is influenced by the group's leader or other influential members. In order to effectively use social proof in your marketing, it's critical to understand the idea that people occasionally replicate the behavior of others.
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a 58-year-old woman complains that she suddenly feels very tired, dizzy, and weak. what would you advise her to do?
Seek immediate medical attention. advise her to do because she may be having a heart attack
Most heart attacks are characterized by discomfort in the center or left side of the chest that lasts more than a few minutes or that goes away and returns. The discomfort can manifest as pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain. Feeling weak, dizzy, or faint. You could also break out in cold sweat. It may feel like a squeezing, pressing, or painful pressure. Other upper-body discomfort, such as one or both arms, the back, the neck, the jaw, or the stomach. Breathing difficulties before or during chest discomfort. Breaking out in a cold sweat, feeling nauseated, or dizzy.
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]In 1945, President Harry Truman gave the order to drop two atomic bombs on Japan in order to end World War II. Later he was criticized for this decision. After reading, the letter "Why I Dropped the Bomb" by Harry Truman, answer the following question:
Knowing what he knew at the time, did President Truman make the right decision in using the atomic bomb on Japan? Why or why not? Give at least three reasons to support your answer
President Truman has consistently maintained that he gave the order to deploy the atomic bomb against Japan to hasten the end of the war and preserve the lives of Americans and Japanese.
For what purpose did Truman drop a second atomic bomb on Japan?To conclude the conflict with Japan as soon as possible was the stated purpose. But it was also meant to make a statement to the Soviets. The matter has remained unanswered ever since the United States launched a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan, on August 9, 1945.
For what reason did Harry Truman choose to destroy Japan with an atomic bomb?Truman wished to keep Japan from being invaded. Truman believed that the use of the bomb and its astounding results would be sufficient to force Japan to submit so that they wouldn't need to invade them. The bombs were dropped by the US over Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
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use the infographic to answer the question. how has the data shown in the infographic impacted american democracy?
Information is being disseminated to the public through the mass media more swiftly than in the past.
The term "mass media" refers to a broad range of media technologies that use mass communication to reach a big audience. The technology used for this communication include a wide range of sources. Through media like movies, radio, recorded music, or television, broadcast media deliver information electronically. Internet- and mobile-based mass communication are both considered to be digital media. Email, social media platforms, websites, and Internet-based radio and television are all examples of internet media. Many other large media organisations have an additional online presence through techniques like linking to or broadcasting TV commercials there, or by dispersing QR codes in print or outdoor advertising to point mobile users to a website.
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Which of the following did humans invent that marked the end of the prehistory period
When metal tools were common, the prehistoric era came to an end (in the Copper Age or Bronze Age; or, in some geographical regions, in the Iron Age). As its application to societies in the Americas and Oceania that did not fully acquire metal-working technology poses issues, the term "Neolithic" is frequently employed in the Old World.
Prehistory is the era of time that spans from the time that the first humans appeared, roughly five million years ago, until the time that writing was developed, roughly 6,000 years ago.
During the Neolithic Revolution, commonly referred to as the Agricultural Revolution, small, nomadic bands of hunters and gatherers gave way to larger agricultural towns and early civilization.
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which type of survey question is best suited to addressing concerns about errors in public opinion polling resulting from difficulty in measuring intensity?
Feeling thermometer question is best suited to addressing concerns about errors in public opinion polling resulting from difficulty in measuring intensity.
In political science research, measuring people's attitudes and sentiments toward a political object, such as a political figure or an organization, is commonly done using feeling thermometer questions. There has to be more research into how to measure this question type given how common the feeling thermometer inquiry is in population surveys. The effect of data collection mode on tactile thermometers is investigated in this study. We discover, using the 2012 American National Election Studies, that the assessment of feeling thermometers between in-person and online surveys is not quite identical. Respondents who are contacted directly have a tendency to express warmer emotions, while respondents who are contacted online tend to provide more trustworthy answers.
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