The law of demand states that there is an inverse relationship between the price of a good or service and the quantity demanded, assuming that all other factors that could influence demand remain constant.
The law of demand is one of the most fundamental concepts in economics. It describes the relationship between the price of a good or service and the quantity demanded of that good or service. The law of demand assumes that all other factors that could influence demand, such as income, tastes, and availability of substitutes, remain constant.
The law of demand states that, all else equal, there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded.
This means that as the price of a good or service increases, the quantity demanded of that good or service will decrease, and conversely, as the price of a good or service decreases, the quantity demanded of that good or service will increase, assuming that all other factors that could influence demand, such as income, tastes, and availability of substitutes, remain constant.
In other words, the law of demand suggests that consumers tend to buy more of a good or service when its price is low and buy less of it when its price is high.
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Happy Trail Adventure Products is a manufacturer of golf carts. Joe Smith, the plant manager of Happy Trail, provided the following information for Job #202 in April 2021. A total of 50 units were started, and 3 spoiled units were detected and rejected at final inspection. The spoiled units were considered to be normal spoilage. Costs prior to the inspection point are $1,200 per unit. The current disposal price of the spoiled units is $600 per unit. When spoilage is detected, the spoiled units are inventoried at $600 per unit.
Required:
1. Prepare journal entries to record the normal spoilage, assuming:
a. The spoilage is related to a specific job.
b. The spoilage is common to all jobs.
c. The spoilage is considered to be abnormal spoilage.
1. Journal entries to record the normal spoilage:
a. When the spoilage is related to a specific job:
Work-in-Process Inventory (Job #202) 1,200 x 3 = $3,600
Loss Due to Spoilage (Job #202) 600 x 3 = $1,800
Job #202 5,400 (To record normal spoilage for Job #202)
a. When spoilage is related to a specific job, the journal entries debit the Work-in-Process Inventory for the cost of the spoiled units at the production cost per unit ($1,200) and credit the Loss Due to Spoilage for the disposal price per unit ($600). Finally, the Job #202 account is credited to record the normal spoilage for that specific job. b. When spoilage is common to all jobs, the journal entries debit the Overhead Control account for the production cost per unit ($1,200) and credit the Loss Due to Spoilage (Common) for the disposal price per unit ($600). The Factory Overhead Control account is then credited to record the normal spoilage for all jobs.
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a. What is the duration of a two-year bond that pays an annual coupon of 11 percent and has a current yield to maturity of 13.7 percent? Use $1,000 as the face value. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 4 decimal places. (e.g., 32.1616)) b. What is the duration of a two-year zero-coupon bond that is yielding 11.5 percent? Use $1,000 as the face value.
a. The duration of the two-year bond is 1.3427 years.
b. The duration of the two-year zero-coupon bond is 2 years.
a. To calculate the duration of a two-year bond with an annual coupon of 11 percent and a current yield to maturity of 13.7 percent, we need to determine the present value of each cash flow and its corresponding time period.
The bond pays an annual coupon of 11 percent on a face value of $1,000, which means it pays $110 annually. At the end of the two years, the bond will also return the face value of $1,000.
Using the present value formula, we can calculate the present value of each cash flow. The present value of the coupon payments can be calculated as follows:
PV(coupon) = $110 / (1 + 0.137)¹ + $110 / (1 + 0.137)²
The present value of the face value can be calculated as:
PV(face value) = $1,000 / (1 + 0.137)²
Now, we calculate the weighted average of the present value of each cash flow, weighted by the proportion of its present value to the bond price:
Duration = (PV(coupon) * (1) + PV(face value) * (2)) / (Bond price) =1.3427 years.
b. For a two-year zero-coupon bond with a yield of 11.5 percent and a face value of $1,000, the calculation of duration is simpler. Since it is a zero-coupon bond, it doesn't have any coupon payments. The duration is equal to the bond's time to maturity, which is two years in this case.
Therefore, the duration of the two-year zero-coupon bond is 2 years.
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Sunn Company manufactures a single product that sells for $180 per unit and whose variable costs are $135 per unit. The company's annual fixed costs are $562,500. (1) Prepare a contribution margin income statement at the break-even point. (2) If the company's fixed costs increase by $135,000, what amount of sales (in dollars) is needed to break even?
Sunn Company needs [tex]\$ \ 2,790,000[/tex] in sales, considering an increase of [tex]\$\ 135,000[/tex] in fixed costs.
To prepare a contribution margin income statement at the break-even point, we need to calculate the break-even point first. The break-even point is the level of sales at which the company's total revenue equals its total costs, resulting in zero profit.
(1) Break-even point calculation:
Break-even point (in units) = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit
Contribution margin per unit = Selling price per unit - Variable costs per unit
Selling price per unit = [tex]\$\ 180[/tex]
Variable costs per unit = [tex]\$\ 135[/tex]
Fixed costs = [tex]\$\ 562,500[/tex]
Contribution margin per unit = [tex]\$\ 180 - \$\ 135 = \$\ 45[/tex]
Break-even point (in units) = [tex]\$\ 562,500 / \$\ 45 = 12,500 units[/tex]
Now, let's prepare the contribution margin income statement at the break-even point:
Contribution Margin Income Statement
Sales (12,500 units) [tex]\$\ 2,250,000[/tex] ([tex]\$\ 180 * 12,500[/tex])
Variable costs (12,500 units) [tex]\$\ 1,687,500[/tex] ([tex]\$\ 135[/tex] x 12,500)
Contribution margin [tex]\$\ 562,500[/tex] (Sales - Variable costs)
Fixed costs [tex]\$\ 562,500[/tex]
Net profit [tex]\$\ 0[/tex] (Contribution margin - Fixed costs)
(2) To find the amount of sales (in dollars) needed to break even after the fixed costs increase by [tex]\$\ 135,000[/tex], we can use the same formula as above:
Break-even point (in units) = (Fixed costs + Increase in fixed costs) / Contribution margin per unit
New fixed costs = [tex]\$\ 562,500 + \$\ 135,000 = \$\ 697,500[/tex]
Break-even point (in units) = [tex]\$\ 697,500\ \$\ 45 = 15,500 units[/tex]
Sales needed to break even = Break-even point (in units) * Selling price per unit
Sales needed to break even = [tex]15,500 units * \$\ 180 = \$\ 2,790,000[/tex]
Therefore, the company needs to achieve[tex]\$\ 2,790,000[/tex] in sales (in dollars) to break even after the fixed costs increase by [tex]\$\ 135,000[/tex].
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The break-even sales level for Sunn Company originally is $2,250,000 and in the scenario of an increased fixed cost, the new break-even sales level is $2,790,000.
Explanation:In this scenario, we are asked to prepare a contribution margin income statement at the break-even point and find out the new break-even sales level if fixed costs increase.
The unit contribution margin is calculated as the selling price per unit minus the variable cost per unit, which is $180 - $135 = $45. The break-even point in units is the fixed costs divided by the unit contribution margin. So, $562,500 / $45 = 12,500 units. Therefore, the break-even sales in dollars is $180 * 12,500 units = $2,250,000.
Contribution Margin Income Statement at the Break-Even PointSales: $2,250,000
Variable Costs: $1,687,500
Contribution Margin: $562,500
Fixed Costs: $562,500
Net Income: $0
If fixed costs increase by $135,000, the new fixed costs will be $697,500. So, the new break-even sales (in dollars) will be = $697,500 / $45 * $180 = $2,790,000.
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Which of the following changes increase operating risk (select ALL correct answers) an increase in sales price an increase in sales volume an increase in operating leverage an increase in fixed costs
The correct answer is C and D. An increase in operating leverage and an increase in fixed costs both raise the operating risk of the company.
Operating risk is the risk a company faces in its usual business operations. It can be calculated by determining the number of fixed costs a company has in its operations. An increase in the number of fixed costs leads to an increase in operating risk. Also, an increase in operating leverage raises the operating risk of the company. Therefore, the changes that increase operating risk are an increase in operating leverage and an increase in fixed costs. An increase in sales price and an increase in sales volume are not changes that increase operating risk. They can be changes that would increase operating income and result in a more significant profit. However, they do not cause an increase in operating risk. Thus, the correct answer is C and D. An increase in operating leverage and an increase in fixed costs both raise the operating risk of the company.
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Which of the following does your financial institution use to reduce fraud?
a. signature verification system
b. hand geometry system
The financial institution uses the Signature verification system to reduce fraud. The correct option is A) a signature verification system.
A signature verification system is a technology that allows users to verify the identity of people who signed a document, for instance, a receipt, application, or contract. This system is utilized in fraud prevention, and it's being used in financial institutions for checking the signatures of account holders while performing bank-related activities, such as withdrawing money, transferring funds, and making payments. With the help of signature verification systems, banks can detect fake signatures, which are mostly used by criminals to make illegal transactions. Therefore, the use of a signature verification system reduces fraud and the chances of scams as it verifies the authenticity of the signature before performing the task.
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These people see themselves as effective, capable, and in control of their environment:
a. High Machiavellianism
b. Low Self-Monitoring
c. High Core Self Evaluation
d. Low Core Self Evaluation
e. Both B and C
Option e is correct. These people see themselves as effective, capable, and in control of their environment: Both Low Self-Monitoring and High Core Self Evaluation.
Individuals with low self-monitoring and high core self-evaluation have a strong sense of self and tend to see themselves as effective, capable, and in control of their environment. Low self-monitoring individuals are less concerned with others' perceptions and prioritize their internal beliefs and values, leading to a consistent and authentic self-image.
This self-assurance contributes to their perception of being effective and in control. On the other hand, individuals with high core self-evaluation have a positive self-image and evaluate themselves positively across various dimensions, such as self-worth, competence, and control.
Their high self-esteem, self-confidence, and self-efficacy further reinforce their belief in their abilities and effectiveness. Together, these individuals have a strong belief in their capabilities and their ability to navigate and influence their surroundings, resulting in a sense of control over their environment.
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Time ago, the CBSA Board decided to implement a new Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system. The new system is designed to allow management of client appointment scheduling, payments, requests, complaints, records including any interactions with CBSA, and general client management work. the IT department did most of the project work installing and configuring the new system, you were responsible for managing the implementation of the system as it is a tool primarily used by the Sales & Marketing team. Since the system was released three days ago, your inbox is flooded with complaints – from both staff and clients. It appears that the daily performance reports have not been completed and client records are not able to be accessed. Invoices that should have been sent automatically to clients have not been sent, and clients have been turning up for appointments to find that they have been double booked.
seems to have be two main issues that need to be resolved:
-sales and marketing staff have not been adequately trained to use the new CRM
-some configuration and settings issues that the IT department didn’t properly configure need to be resolved and tested
-a request to attend a meeting tomorrow at 10 a.m. to address the issues that have come up
-request for your team members to think about ways to move ahead with the crisis, including letting them know you value their input and that you would like a group brainstorming session with positive suggestions for ways to address the IT issues
-assign your two team members for specific jobs to do before the meeting tomorrow
The situation you described highlights a significant gap between management theory and practice in the implementation of the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system. Several factors may have contributed to these issues:
Insufficient planning and requirements gathering: Effective implementation of a CRM system requires thorough planning and a clear understanding of user requirements. It is possible that the project did not involve sufficient input from the Sales & Marketing team and other stakeholders, leading to inadequate identification of system requirements and functionalities needed to support their work processes.
Inadequate testing and quality assurance: Testing is a critical phase in system implementation to identify and resolve any bugs, errors, or issues before the system goes live. It appears that the daily performance reports, client records access, and automatic invoicing features were not adequately tested, resulting in these functionalities not working as intended.
Lack of user training and change management: Introducing a new system requires proper training and change management to ensure that users understand how to effectively utilize the system and adapt their workflows accordingly. It is possible that the Sales & Marketing team and other staff members did not receive adequate training and support during the transition, leading to confusion and frustration.
Communication and coordination challenges: Smooth implementation of a system requires effective communication and coordination between the IT department, project manager, stakeholders, and end-users. If there were breakdowns in communication, important information or feedback may not have been appropriately shared, leading to unexpected issues during the system's release.
Possible technical issues: It is also worth considering the possibility of technical issues or limitations with the CRM system itself. Despite the IT department's involvement in the project, unforeseen technical problems or compatibility issues may have arisen, leading to the reported difficulties.
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Consider a 2-year coupon bond with a $1000 face value and a 10% coupon rate, its current price is $960, and its price is expected to increase to $980 next year. a. Calculate the bond’s yield to maturity. If the the annualized expected rate of inflation over the life of the bond is 8%, what is the real interest rate of this bond? b. Calculate the current yield, the capital gain and the rate of return if the bond holder plans to sell it at the end of the 1st year?
a. The bond’s yield to maturity is 12.88% and the real interest rate of this bond is 4.88%.
b. The current yield is 10.42%, the capital gain is $20 and the rate of return is 12.92%.
a. Calculate the bond’s yield to maturity To calculate the yield to maturity (YTM), we use the current price, future price, coupon rate, and the number of years to maturity. We can use the following formula to calculate the bond’s yield to maturity: YTM= (C + (F - P) / n) / ((F + P) / 2) Where, C = coupon payment, F = face value, P = current price, n = number of years to maturity. In the given question, C = $1000 × 10% = $100F = $1000P = $960n = 2 years So, YTM = ($100 + ($1000 - $960) / 2) / (($1000 + $960) / 2)= 12.88%Now, if the annualized expected rate of inflation over the life of the bond is 8%, then we can use the following formula to calculate the real interest rate: Real interest rate = nominal interest rate - inflation rate= YTM - expected inflation rate= 12.88% - 8%= 4.88%Therefore, the real interest rate of the bond is 4.88%.
b. Calculate the current yield, the capital gain and the rate of return if the bond holder plans to sell it at the end of the 1st year The coupon payment at the end of the 1st year is $1000 × 10% = $100The current yield can be calculated as follows: Current yield = Annual coupon payment / Current price= $100 / $960= 10.42%The capital gain can be calculated by subtracting the current price from the selling price at the end of the 1st year: Capital gain = Selling price at the end of 1st year - Current price= $980 - $960= $20The rate of return can be calculated by adding the current yield and capital gain: Rate of return = Current yield + Capital gain / Current price= (10.42% + $20 / $960) x 100%= 12.92%. Therefore, the rate of return for the bond holder is 12.92%.
In finance, the yield to maturity (YTM) is the total return anticipated on a bond if the bond is held until its maturity date. The current yield is the annual income from a bond divided by its current market price. The capital gain is the increase in the price of an asset, such as a stock or a bond, over its purchase price. Finally, the rate of return is the total return on an investment over a given period of time, expressed as a percentage of the initial investment.
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Which of the following is NOT among M&M's dividend irrelevance proposition's assumptions? All market participants have equal information to companies. Trading shares is free for all investors O No trader in the market has superior private information about stocks. O All companies pay the same corporation taxation rate. Issuing shares is free for all companies. Question 10 1 pts -If one could realise superior profits by valuing stocks using her/his private information but not information that is public knowledge. then there would be violation of which form of the market efficiency hypothesis: The weak, semi-strong and strong form The weak and semi-strong form only O The semi-strong and strong form only O The strong form only The semi-strong form only
A. Among the assumptions of M&M's dividend irrelevance proposition, the assumption that is NOT included is: "Issuing shares is free for all companies."
B. If one could realize superior profits by valuing stocks using private information but not public knowledge, it would violate the semi-strong form of the market efficiency hypothesis
A. M&M's dividend irrelevance proposition is based on several assumptions. Options 1, 2, 3, and 4 all align with these assumptions, which include equal information among market participants, no superior private information about stocks, and equal corporation taxation rates. However, the assumption that issuing shares is free for all companies is not part of M&M's dividend irrelevance proposition. This assumption pertains more to the cost and accessibility of issuing shares, rather than the impact of dividends on the value of the firm.
B. The market efficiency hypothesis encompasses three forms: weak, semi-strong, and strong. The weak form assumes that all past market prices and trading volume data are reflected in stock prices. The semi-strong form assumes that all publicly available information is reflected in stock prices. The strong form assumes that all public and private information, including insider information, is reflected in stock prices. If one could consistently realize superior profits using private information that is not publicly known, it would violate the semi-strong form of market efficiency, as stock prices would not fully incorporate all publicly available information.
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The following items were extracted from the pro forma statement of financlal position oi Sumba Stores as at 31 December 2022: Non-current assets R360 000; Inventories R225 000; Equity R570 000; Accounts receivable R330 000; Cash R45 000 and Accounts payable R270 000. How much external funding is required? A. R120000 B. R840000 C. 2960000 D. R60000
Given data Non-current assets
= R360,000Inventories
= R225,000Equity
= R570,000Accounts receivable
= R330,000Cash
= R45,000Accounts payable
= R270,000.
The working capital is calculated as follows. Current Assets
= Inventories + Accounts receivable + Cash
= R225,000 + R330,000 + R45,000
= R600,000Current Liabilities
= Accounts payable
= R270,000Working Capital
= Current Assets – Current Liabilities
= R600,000 – R270,000= R330,000.
The company is having R330,000 in Working Capital. If the working capital is more than 100% then it is considered that it is over-capitalized, and there is no requirement of external funding. However, we do not know what the required working capital is and what the current working capital is.
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An all-equity financed firm has a degree of operating leverage of 2. If the sales changes from $80,000 to $95,000, what will be the percentage of changes in its net income?
The percentage of change in net income is 40%.
An all-equity financed firm has a degree of operating leverage of 2. If the sales change from $80,000 to $95,000, the percentage of changes in its net income will be 40%.In this problem, we can use the formula for Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) to find the percentage change in net income. The formula for DOL is the percentage change in EBIT divided by the percentage change in sales. Since the firm is all-equity financed, there is no interest expense to worry about. So, we can simply use EBIT as a proxy for net income. We are given that the DOL is 2, which means that a 1% change in sales will lead to a 2% change in EBIT. We can use this information to find the percentage change in EBIT when sales change from $80,000 to $95,000. The percentage change in sales is:($95,000 - $80,000) / $80,000 = 0.1875 = 18.75%The percentage change in EBIT is therefore:2 × 18.75% = 37.5%Since EBIT is equal to net income for an all-equity financed firm, the percentage change in net income is also 37.5%. Therefore, the percentage of change in net income is 40%.
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You are a galatical bounty hunter earning $300 dollars an hour on the planet of Tatooine. You wish to purchase a new blaster. The cost of materials needed is $10 dollars. You can buy the blaster off local store owners (jarwas) for $20 dollars. Else, you can create your own blaster. Though that'll require you to buy the $10 dollar materials needed and an hour of your time.
Assuming eveything is domestic, how much GDP will you contribute if you made your own blaster?
If you decide to make your own blaster, the contribution to GDP would be the total value of the final good produced.
In this case, the value would include the cost of materials ($10) and the value of your labor ($300 for one hour). The GDP measures the total value of goods and services produced within an economy, and by producing your own blaster, you are adding to the overall economic output. This value is reflected in the GDP as it represents the market value of the final good produced. By including the cost of materials and the value of your labor, the GDP captures the economic activity generated by your blaster production, contributing to the overall measure of economic growth and productivity in the economy.
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Question 3
How do stocks make investors money?
Both of these are ways to make money from stocks.
Some stocks offer dividends, where they give a percentage of their profits to people who own their stock
Over time, a company's stock price may go up, and you can sell it for more than you paid.
Answer:
Explanation:
1,2
How have the relationships between indigenous communities, and
federal and provincial governments changed since 1990? What impact
have these changes had on Canadian Law and Society?
Since 1990, the relationships between indigenous communities and federal and provincial governments in Canada have undergone significant changes. One of the key developments during this period has been the recognition and affirmation of indigenous rights and self-governance.
The adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) in 2007 and its subsequent endorsement by the Canadian government in 2010 marked a significant shift in recognizing the inherent rights of indigenous peoples. This has led to an increased emphasis on consultation and accommodation processes between indigenous communities and governments, as well as the negotiation of land claims and self-government agreements.
These changes have had a profound impact on Canadian law and society. They have led to the development of new legal frameworks and policies that aim to reconcile the historical injustices faced by indigenous peoples. For instance, the recognition of indigenous rights has influenced the interpretation and application of Canadian constitutional law, leading to landmark court decisions that affirm and protect indigenous rights and title.
Additionally, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of indigenous knowledge and traditional practices in areas such as environmental management and resource development. This has resulted in changes to legislation and regulatory processes to ensure meaningful engagement and participation of indigenous communities in decision-making.
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Which of the following is not a current asset? Multiple Choice 4 Prepaid expenses Cash Automobiles Accounts receivable
The option "Automobiles" is not a current asset. A current asset is an asset that is expected to be converted into cash or used up within one year or the operating cycle of a business, whichever is longer.
It is classified as part of the current assets section on the balance sheet. Current assets are typically liquid and easily convertible into cash.
Prepaid expenses, cash, and accounts receivable are all examples of current assets. Prepaid expenses represent advance payments made for goods or services that will be received in the future. Cash refers to the money on hand or in the bank that can be readily used for transactions. Accounts receivable represents amounts owed to the company by customers for goods or services sold on credit.
On the other hand, automobiles are typically classified as long-term assets or fixed assets. They are not expected to be converted into cash or used up within the current operating cycle of a business. Automobiles are generally used for transportation purposes and are not considered as readily convertible into cash as other current assets.
Therefore, among the given options, "Automobiles" is the item that is not classified as a current asset.
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Which 2 of these tasks must be done to create a report that displays only outstanding retainers? Reconcile the Client Retainers account regularly, using an ending balance of zero Run a report on the Client Retainers account, grouped by Customer, and filtered for Uncleared Run a report on the Client Retainers account, grouped by Customer, and filtered for Cleared Reconcile the Client Retainers account regularly, using an ending balance of whatever is on the balance sheet Run a report on the Client Retainers account, grouped by Customer, and filtered for Specified
To create a report that displays only outstanding retainers, the following two tasks must be done a report on the Client Retainers account, grouped by Customer , and filtered for Uncleared.
By running a report on the Client Retainers account and filtering for "Uncleared," you will be able to see retainers that have not been cleared or fully utilized. This will help identify outstanding retainers. Reconcile the Client Retainers account regularly, using an ending balance of zero.
Regularly reconciling the Client Retainers account ensures accuracy and identifies any discrepancies. Setting the ending balance to zero ensures that only outstanding retainers are included in the report.
Performing these two tasks will help create a report that specifically displays outstanding retainers and provides a clear overview of the retained funds that have not been cleared or fully utilized by customers.
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You are a manager of Divine Flavor, a tomato grower with fields throughout Mexico. You know that the price elasticity of demand for roma tomatoes is larger in the United States than in Mexico. Because you have some market power, the price you charge your U.S. customers is ___ the price you charge your Mexican customers. A. higher than B. not comparable to C. equal to D. Iower than
You are a manager of Divine Flavor, a tomato grower with fields throughout Mexico. You know that the price elasticity of demand for roma tomatoes is larger in the United States than in Mexico. Because you have some market power, the price you charge your U.S. customers is higher than the price you charge your Mexican customers.
Option A is correct.
As a manager of Divine Flavor, you are aware that the price elasticity of demand for roman tomatoes is greater in the United States than in Mexico. Because you have some market power, the price you charge your U.S. customers will be higher than the price you charge your Mexican customers.
Price elasticity of demand is the measure of how much the quantity demanded of a product changes in response to a change in its price. The greater the price elasticity of demand, the more the quantity demanded of a product will change in response to a change in its price.
Market power refers to the ability of a business to control the market price of a good or service by adjusting the quantity of that good or service that it produces and/or sells.
When the price elasticity of demand is higher in one market than in another, a company that has market power can charge a higher price to the market with greater elasticity because there will be less of a decrease in demand as a result of the higher price. As a result, Divine Flavor will charge higher prices to its US consumers than its Mexican consumers.
Hence, Option A is correct.
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You have $3,000 in your savings account, and want to buy a car for $30,000. Part 1 Attempt 1/10 for 10 pts. If you are not depositing any new money into your account and the interest rate on your savings account is 6% per year, how many years do you have to wait before you can buy the car?
Without depositing any additional money into your account, you would need to wait for approximately 28.84 years to accumulate the required amount of $30,000 to purchase the car.
To calculate the time required, we can use the formula for compound interest:
Future Value = Present Value [tex](1 + Interest Rate)^{n}[/tex]
Where:
Future Value is the desired amount ($30,000)
Present Value is the initial amount in the savings account ($3,000)
Interest Rate is the annual interest rate (6% or 0.06)
n is the number of years
Rearranging the formula to solve for n:
n = [tex]\frac{log\frac{Future Value}{Present Value} }{log(1+Interest rate}[/tex]
Plugging in the values:
n = [tex]\frac{log\frac{30,000}{3,000} }{log(1+0.06}[/tex]
n = [tex]\frac{log 10}{log 1.06}[/tex]
n = 28.84 years
Therefore, it would take approximately 28.84 years to accumulate enough savings to purchase the car without any additional deposits into your savings account, assuming an annual interest rate of 6%.
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Megatronics Corporation, a massive retailer of electronic products, is organized in four separate divisions. The four divisional managers are evaluated at year-end, and bonuses are awarded based on ROI. Last year, the company as a whole produced a 15 percent return on its investment.
During the past week, management of the company’s Northeast Division was approached about the possibility of buying a competitor that had decided to redirect its retail activities. (If the competitor is acquired, it will be acquired at its book value.) The data that follow relate to recent performance of the Northeast Division and the competitor:
Northeast Division Competitor
Sales $ 4,400,000 $ 2,690,000 Variable costs 75 % of sales 70 % of sales Fixed costs $ 913,000 $ 755,000 Invested capital $ 850,000 $ 200,000 Management has determined that in order to upgrade the competitor to Megatronics’ standards, an additional $125,000 of invested capital would be needed.
Required:
1. Compute the current ROI of the Northeast Division and the division’s ROI if the competitor is acquired.
2. If divisional management is being evaluated on the basis of ROI, will the Northeast Division likely pursue acquisition of the competitor?
3-a. Compute the ROI of the competitor as it is now and after the intended upgrade.
3-b. If ROI is used as the basis for evaluation, would Megatronics Corporation likely be in favor of the acquisition of the competitor?
4. Calculate the Northeast Division's ROI after acquisition of competitor but before upgrading.
5-a. Assume that Megatronics uses residual income to evaluate performance and desires a 12 percent minimum return on invested capital. Compute the current residual income of the Northeast Division and the division’s residual income if the competitor is acquired.
5-b. If divisional management is being evaluated on the basis of residual income, will the Northeast Division likely pursue acquisition of the competitor?
1.) Current ROI of the Northeast Division is 21.94%
2.) ROI of the Northeast Division if the competitor is 8.89%
3 a.) ROI of the competitor as it is 26.00%
3 b.) ROI of the competitor after the intended upgrade is 16.00%
4.) Northeast Division's ROI after acquisition but before upgrading is 17.81%
5 a.) Current residual income of the Northeast Division is -$36,500
5 b.) As the acquisition would result in a negative residual income so the Northeast Division is unlikely to pursue the acquisition of the competitor.
1.) Current ROI of the Northeast Division:
Sales: $4,400,000
Variable costs (75% of sales): $3,300,000
Fixed costs: $913,000
Invested capital: $850,000
ROI = (Operating income / Invested capital) * 100
Operating income = Sales - Variable costs - Fixed costs
Operating income = $4,400,000 - $3,300,000 - $913,000 = $187,000
ROI = ($187,000 / $850,000) * 100 = 21.94%
2.)ROI of the Northeast Division if the competitor is acquired:
Sales (including competitor): $4,400,000 + $2,690,000 = $7,090,000
Variable costs (75% of sales): $5,317,500
Fixed costs: $913,000 + $755,000 = $1,668,000
Invested capital: $850,000 + $200,000 + $125,000 = $1,175,000
ROI = (Operating income / Invested capital) * 100
Operating income = Sales - Variable costs - Fixed costs
Operating income = $7,090,000 - $5,317,500 - $1,668,000 = $104,500
ROI = ($104,500 / $1,175,000) * 100 = 8.89%
(3-a.) ROI of the competitor as it is now:
Sales: $2,690,000
Variable costs (70% of sales): $1,883,000
Fixed costs: $755,000
Invested capital: $200,000
ROI = (Operating income / Invested capital) * 100
Operating income = Sales - Variable costs - Fixed costs
Operating income = $2,690,000 - $1,883,000 - $755,000 = $52,000
ROI = ($52,000 / $200,000) * 100 = 26.00%
(3-b.) ROI of the competitor after the intended upgrade:
Invested capital (including upgrade): $200,000 + $125,000 = $325,000
ROI = (Operating income / Invested capital) * 100
Operating income remains $52,000 (as per previous calculation)
ROI = ($52,000 / $325,000) * 100 = 16.00%
( 4.) Northeast Division's ROI after acquisition but before upgrading:
Sales (including competitor): $4,400,000 + $2,690,000 = $7,090,000
Variable costs (75% of sales): $5,317,500
Fixed costs: $913,000 + $755,000 = $1,668,000
Invested capital: $850,000 + $200,000 = $1,050,000
ROI = (Operating income / Invested capital) * 100
Operating income remains $187,000 (as per previous calculation)
ROI = ($187,000 / $1,050,000) * 100 = 17.81%
(5-a.) Current residual income of the Northeast Division:
Residual income = Operating income - (Minimum required return * Invested capital)
Minimum required return = 12% of $850,000 = $102,000
Residual income = $187,000 - $102,000 = $85,000
Residual income if the competitor is acquired:
Residual income = Operating income - (Minimum required return * Invested capital)
Minimum required return = 12% of $1,175,000 = $141,000
Residual income = $104,500 - $141,000 = -$36,500
(5-b.) If divisional management is being evaluated on the basis of residual income, the Northeast Division is unlikely to pursue the acquisition of the competitor, as the acquisition would result in a negative residual income.
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Intuit has discovered that a small fitting unit it now manufactures at a total cost of $1.00 per unit could be bought elsewhere for $0.87 per unit.
Of its total cost per unit, fixed costs amount to $0.20 per unit, of which $0.05 per unit can be eliminated or avoided if Intuit buys this unit.
Intuit needs 460,000 of these units each year.
If Intuit decides to buy rather than produce the small fitting, it can devote the machinery and labor to making a timing unit it now buys from another company, saving the company $10,000.
Given the information above:
Without considering the possibility of making the timing unit, evaluate whether Intuit should buy or continue to make the small fitting.
Considering the possibility of making of the timing unit (opportunity cost), would your decision from a) change?
Intuit should purchase the small fitting rather than continue manufacturing it, as the cost savings of $0.13 per unit outweigh the fixed expenses, resulting in a total cost savings of $59,800 per year.
Intuit should purchase the little fitting rather than keep manufacturing the timing unit without taking that into account. The little fitting costs $1.00 to produce, but it may be purchased elsewhere for $0.87 per unit. This results in a $0.13 per unit cost saving. The overall savings of $0.13 per unit outweigh the fixed expenses, which total $0.20 per unit for Intuit, of which $0.05 can be removed if the fitting is obtained externally. If 460,000 units were needed each year, the total cost savings would be $59,800 (460,000 * $0.13).
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Mrs Chen wants to purchase a new Mercedes vehicle by opting a finance facility from Ambank Islamic. Maybank Islamic has offer Mrs Chen an Islamic Loan under BBA which the financing amount is about RM120,000, profit rate is 4%, and the financing period is about 9 years. (Please show your calculation methods).
Calculate the total amount payable and the monthly installment that Mrs Chen has to pay to the bank.
The monthly installment that Mrs Chen has to pay to the bank is RM1,800.
Firstly, let's calculate the total profit payable based on the given information:
Total Profit Payable = Financing Amount x Profit Rate x Financing Period
Total Profit Payable = RM120,000 x 4% x 9 years
Total Profit Payable = RM43,200
Therefore, the total amount payable would be:
Total Amount Payable = Financing Amount + Total Profit Payable
Total Amount Payable = RM120,000 + RM43,200
Total Amount Payable = RM163,200
Next, let's calculate the monthly installment that Mrs Chen has to pay:
Monthly Installment = (Financing Amount + Total Profit Payable) / (Financing Period x 12)
Monthly Installment = (RM120,000 + RM43,200) / (9 x 12)
Monthly Installment = RM1,800
So, the monthly installment that Mrs Chen has to pay to the bank is RM1,800.
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The monthly installment that Mrs Chen has to pay to the bank is RM1,800.
Firstly, let's calculate the total profit payable based on the given information:
Total Profit Payable = Financing Amount x Profit Rate x Financing Period
Total Profit Payable = RM120,000 x 4% x 9 years
Total Profit Payable = RM43,200
Therefore, the total amount payable would be:
Total Amount Payable = Financing Amount + Total Profit Payable
Total Amount Payable = RM120,000 + RM43,200
Total Amount Payable = RM163,200
Next, let's calculate the monthly installment that Mrs Chen has to pay:
Monthly Installment = (Financing Amount + Total Profit Payable) / (Financing Period x 12)
Monthly Installment = (RM120,000 + RM43,200) / (9 x 12)
Monthly Installment = RM1,800
So, the monthly installment that Mrs Chen has to pay to the bank is RM1,800.
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What are the 2 periods during the industry lifecycle in which low growth (pay attention to BOTH words) occurs and what are the strategic implications of each? How do they impact the Rivalry sector of the 5-Forces Model?
Two periods during the industry lifecycle where low growth occurs are the introduction stage and the maturity stage.
In the introduction stage, low growth is experienced as the market is in the early adoption phase and the product or service is being introduced to consumers. Strategic implications include the need for heavy investment in research and development, marketing, and creating awareness.
Companies must focus on building brand recognition, establishing distribution channels, and gaining market share. The impact on the Rivalry sector of the 5-Forces Model is relatively low, as competition is not intense yet due to limited market penetration.
In the maturity stage, low growth is observed as the market becomes saturated and the product or service reaches widespread adoption. Strategic implications involve focusing on cost reduction, operational efficiency, and differentiation to maintain market share. Companies may engage in price competition and seek ways to extend the product's life cycle through innovations or entering new markets. In the Rivalry sector of the 5-Forces Model, competition intensifies as companies fight for market share, leading to increased rivalry among industry players.
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Advertising reaches us through various channels of communication referred to as:
The channels of communication through which advertising reaches us are referred to as "media."
Advertising reaches us through various channels of communication known as media. These media can include television, radio, print publications (such as newspapers and magazines), outdoor billboards, online platforms (websites, social media, email), and more. Each medium has its own characteristics and audience reach, allowing advertisers to choose the most effective channels to target their desired audience. By utilizing different media, advertisers can effectively convey their messages, promote products or services, and engage with consumers in a way that suits their preferences and behaviors. Media selection plays a crucial role in maximizing the reach and impact of advertising campaigns.
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The following table illustrates the demand conditions faced by a monopolist.
price per unit Quantity demanded per week
12 0
10 12
8 24
6 36
4 48
2 60
1- Calculate the marginal revenue resulting from a fall in price from $8 to $6
2-Calculate the price elasticity of demand when price falls from $10 to $8
3- Explain why a profit-maximizing monopolist would never choose to operate on the inelastic portion of its demand curve.
The marginal revenue resulting from a fall in price from $8 to $6 is $2.
1. The marginal revenue resulting from a fall in price from $8 to $6 :We can calculate the marginal revenue by subtracting the total revenue at the lower price from the total revenue at the higher price and dividing it by the change in quantity. For example, when the price falls from $8 to $6, we see a rise in the quantity demanded from 24 to 36. Price Quantity Demanded Total Revenue Marginal Revenue$8 24 $192 ---$6 36 $216 ($216-$192)/12 = $2.
The price elasticity of demand when the price falls from $10 to $8 is (2.78/22.22) = 0.125 or 0.13.
2. The price elasticity of demand when the price falls from $10 to $8:We can calculate the price elasticity of demand (PED) by dividing the percentage change in quantity demanded by the percentage change in price.
Price Quantity Demanded Total Revenue$10 12 $120$8 24 $192
Percentage change in quantity demanded = (Q1 - Q2) / [(Q1 + Q2) / 2] = (24-12) / [(24+12) / 2] = 100/36 = 2.78%.
Percentage change in price = (P1 - P2) / [(P1 + P2) / 2] = (10-8) / [(10+8) / 2] = 2/9 = 22.22%.
3. Explanation: A monopolist can determine the profit-maximizing output by looking at the point where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. If a monopolist chooses to operate on the inelastic portion of its demand curve, then the price elasticity of demand will be less than one. This implies that the marginal revenue will also be less than zero, implying that when the monopolist lowers the price, the total revenue will decline. As a result, if the monopolist lowers the price to sell more output, the revenue will fall faster than the marginal cost, resulting in a loss. So, a profit-maximizing monopolist would never choose to operate on the inelastic portion of its demand curve because there will be insufficient revenue to cover the cost of producing and selling an additional unit.
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The minimum cost of crashing the following project at Sawaya Robotics by 4 days is $ (enter your response as a whole number)
To determine the minimum cost of crashing a project at Sawaya Robotics by 4 days, we would need specific information regarding the project, such as the activities involved, their durations, and the associated costs. Without these details, it is not possible to provide an accurate answer.
To determine the minimum cost of crashing a project, you would need to consider the cost of reducing the project duration by a certain number of days. This cost can vary depending on various factors such as labor costs, overtime expenses, equipment rental fees, and potential penalties for early completion.
Without specific information about the project, its activities, and associated costs, it is not possible to provide an accurate estimation of the minimum cost of crashing the project. It is recommended to review the project plan, identify critical activities, and consult with project stakeholders or experts to determine the potential cost of reducing the project duration.
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To determine the minimum cost of crashing a project at Sawaya Robotics by 4 days, we would need specific information regarding the project, such as the activities involved, their durations, and the associated costs. Without these details, it is not possible to provide an accurate answer.
To determine the minimum cost of crashing a project, you would need to consider the cost of reducing the project duration by a certain number of days. This cost can vary depending on various factors such as labor costs, overtime expenses, equipment rental fees, and potential penalties for early completion.
Without specific information about the project, its activities, and associated costs, it is not possible to provide an accurate estimation of the minimum cost of crashing the project. It is recommended to review the project plan, identify critical activities, and consult with project stakeholders or experts to determine the potential cost of reducing the project duration.
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Storico currently has 38,000 shares outstanding that sell for $48.31 per share. The company plans to issue a stock dividend of 17.5 percent. How many new shares will be issued? Multiple Choice 38,000 shares 6,790 shares 44,650 shares 6,900 shares 6,650 shares
A stock dividend is a dividend payment made in the form of additional shares instead of cash. In the given scenario, Storico currently has 38,000 shares outstanding that sell for $48.31 per share.
The company plans to issue a stock dividend of 17.5 percent. We need to calculate how many new shares will be issued.Calculation of number of new shares issued:We can calculate the number of new shares to be issued by multiplying the current number of shares outstanding by the percentage of the stock dividend.
The formula is:Number of new shares = Percentage of stock dividend × Number of shares outstandingTherefore,Number of new shares = 17.5% × 38,000Number of new shares = (17.5/100) × 38,000Number of new shares = 6,650Hence, the number of new shares that will be issued is 6,650. Therefore, the correct answer is option E.
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Directions: Read carefully and write
the answer.
1. What is a
market?
2. Explain different market structures
1. A market refers to the interaction between buyers and sellers where goods, services, or resources are exchanged. 2. Structures: perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly.
1. A market is a system or arrangement where buyers and sellers come together to engage in the exchange of goods, services, or resources. It is a platform that facilitates the interaction between individuals, businesses, or entities involved in buying and selling activities. In a market, prices are determined based on the forces of supply and demand, and transactions take place as buyers and sellers negotiate and agree upon terms. The market serves as a mechanism for allocating resources, distributing goods and services, and enabling economic transactions.
2. Different market structures represent varying levels of competition and organizational characteristics. Perfect competition is characterized by a large number of buyers and sellers, where no individual firm has significant market power. The products in perfect competition are identical, and there is the ease of entry and exit into the market. Monopoly, on the other hand, occurs when a single firm dominates the market and has the ability to control prices and output due to the absence of competition. The monopolistic competition involves many firms competing by offering differentiated products, allowing for product variety and branding. Oligopoly exists when a few large firms dominate the market, and their actions impact the behavior of competitors. Strategic decision-making and interdependence among firms are common in oligopolistic markets. Understanding market structures is crucial for analyzing pricing, market power, efficiency, and market behavior.
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You invested in a corporate bond that has a market price today of R964.83 and a yield to maturity of 7%. This bond has a modified duration of 7.5. You believe that interest rates are going to rise by 142 basis points.
What price do you expect your bond to trade at if this anticipated change in the yield occurs?
The price of a bond is inversely related to its yield. Therefore, if interest rates rise, the bond's price will decrease. Using the bond's modified duration, we can estimate the expected price change.
Modified duration is a measure of the sensitivity of a bond's price to changes in yield. It provides an estimate of the percentage price change for a 100 basis point change in yield. Given the bond's modified duration of 7.5, we can expect a 7.5% change in price for each 1% (or 100 points) change in yield.
If interest rates rise by 142 basis points, the bond's price would be expected to fall by approximately 10.65% (7.5% * 1.42). Therefore, if the current price is R964.83, the anticipated price after the yield change would be approximately R862.59 (R964.83 * (1 - 0.1065)).
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Which of the following factors does the "macro-environment" not include:
A. Political and regulatory factors.
B. Customer needs in a given market.
C. Social and demographic factors.
D. Technological changes.
The factor that the macro-environment does not include is B. Customer needs in a given market.
Macroeconomic variables refer to the broader economic variables that impact the economy's functioning at a higher level. It is the main environmental factor for a company because it has a direct impact on its functioning. It includes a range of variables that have an effect on the economy's functioning at a higher level than the company's functioning.
Political and regulatory factors, social and demographic factors, and technological changes are all part of macro-environmental variables. The macro-environment is a more extensive element than the micro-environment.
The macro-environment consists of all of the external factors that influence the organization's ability to serve its customers.
Therefore, we can conclude that the factor that the macro-environment does not include is customer needs in a given market.
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A company that uses job order costing purchases $100,000 in raw materials for cash. The journal entry to record this transaction consists of a debit to Cash for $100,000 and a credit to Work in Process Inventory for $100,000. True or False
In a job order costing system, the journal entry to document the procurement of raw materials would normally look like this:
Debit: $100,000 in raw materials inventory
Credit: $100,000 in Accounts Payable (or Cash if paid in cash).
To reflect the purchase of raw materials, the inventory account's balance is raised by debiting the raw materials inventory. To represent the outgoing payment for the raw materials, a credit is issued to either Accounts Payable (if acquired on credit) or Cash (if paid in cash). Since the raw materials have not yet been employed in manufacturing, Work in Process Inventory is not given credit at this time.
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