Breakeven point (dollar) = RM 75,000, Margin of Safety (percentage) = 46.43%, Contribution per unit = RM 6, Target profit = RM 30,0005,833 units, Profit before tax = RM 41,405 and Sales = RM 142,845
(a) Calculation of the breakeven point of sales, in units and dollar:
Breakeven point (units) = Fixed cost / Contribution per unit
Breakeven point (units) = RM 30,000 / (RM 20 - RM 8 - RM 4)
Breakeven point (units) = 3,750 units
Breakeven point (dollar) = Breakeven point (units) * Selling price
Breakeven point (dollar) = 3,750 units * RM 20
Breakeven point (dollar) = RM 75,000
(b) Calculation of margin of safety in units and as a percentage amount:
Margin of Safety (units) = Actual sales - Breakeven point
Margin of Safety (units) = 7,000 units - 3,750 units
Margin of Safety (units) = 3,250 units
Margin of Safety (percentage) = Margin of Safety (units) / Actual sales
Margin of Safety (percentage) = 3,250 units / 7,000 units
Margin of Safety (percentage) = 46.43%(
d) Effect of the change in sales price on the breakeven level of sales:
The new selling price is RM 18 and the current selling price is RM 20. Contribution per unit can be calculated as follows:
Contribution per unit = Selling price - Variable cost per unit
Contribution per unit = RM 18 - RM 8 - RM 4
Contribution per unit = RM 6
New breakeven point (units) = Fixed cost / Contribution per unit
New breakeven point (units) = RM 30,000 / RM 6
New breakeven point (units) = 5,000 units
The new breakeven point (units) will increase from 3,750 to 5,000 units.
(e) Calculation of the number of units to be sold to achieve the targeted profit of RM 30,000:
Target profit = (Sales - Variable cost) - Fixed cost
Target profit = (Sales - (Direct labour cost + Direct material cost)) - Fixed cost
Target profit = (Sales - RM 12) - RM 30,000Sales = RM 140,000
(Given)Sales - RM 12 = RM 140,000 - RM 12 = RM 139,988
Target profit = RM 30,0005,833 units must be sold to achieve the targeted profit of RM 30,000.
(f) Calculation of the number of units of the product that would need to be sold to achieve a profit after tax of RM 20,000 in the year:
Profit before tax = (Sales - Variable cost) - Fixed cost
Profit before tax = (Sales - (Direct labour cost + Direct material cost)) - Fixed cost
Profit before tax = (Sales - RM 12) - RM 30,000
Profit before tax = Sales - RM 30,012
Sales = (Profit before tax + Fixed cost) / (1 - Tax rate)
Sales = (RM 20,000 + RM 30,000) / (1 - 0.30)
= RM 50,000 / 0.70
Sales = RM 71,429
Sales - RM 12 = RM 71,429 - RM 12 = RM 71,417
Profit before tax = RM 71,417 - RM 30,012 = RM 41,405
The number of units of the product that would need to be sold to achieve a profit after tax of RM 20,000 in the year is 4,101.
(g) Calculation of the number of units of the product that would need to be sold to give an after-tax profit that gives a return of 10% on sales, assuming a tax rate of 30%.
Given the tax rate of 30%, the profit before tax required for a profit after tax of 10% is:
Profit before tax = Profit after tax / (1 - Tax rate)
Profit before tax = RM 28,000 / (1 - 0.30)
Profit before tax = RM 40,000
The sales required to achieve a profit before tax of RM 40,000 are:
Sales = (Profit before tax + Fixed cost) / (1 - Tax rate)Sales = (RM 40,000 + RM 30,000) / (1 - 0.30)
Sales = RM 100,000 / 0.70
Sales = RM 142,857Sales - RM 12 = RM 142,857 - RM 12 = RM 142,845
The number of units of the product that would need to be sold to give an after-tax profit that gives a return of 10% on sales, assuming a tax rate of 30% is 7,142 units.
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darwin’s slow and steady process of change is called gradualism or darwinism. 1.True 2. False
The given statement "Darwin’s slow and steady process of change is called gradualism or Darwinism" is true. Darwin's slow and steady process of change is called Gradualism.
Darwinism is the term that is used to define the theory of evolution that is based on the natural selection process. Gradualism or phyletic gradualism is the term used to describe the evolution of species by gradual change over long periods of time. Gradualism is a slow and steady process of change that occurs in species over many generations, it is a long-term process.
Gradualism or Darwinism is a theory based on Darwin's theory of natural selection. According to the theory, natural selection is a slow and steady process of change that occurs in species over many generations. It is a long-term process that occurs gradually over time.
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Assume that you are considering purchasing some of a company's long-term bonds as an investment. Which of the company's financial statement ratios would you probably be most interested in?
A) Plant assets to long-term liabilities
B) Debt to assets ratio
C) Debt to equity
D) All of these answers are correct
As an investor considering purchasing some of a company's long-term bonds as an investment, I will probably be most interested in the Debt to assets ratio of the company's financial statement ratios.
This is because the Debt to assets ratio compares the total amount of debt to the total amount of assets that a company has, making it a measure of a company’s solvency. It indicates what proportion of the company's assets have been financed with borrowed money or debt.Bondholders, lenders, and investors are interested in the Debt to assets ratio as it measures a company's overall leverage. It shows how much of the company's assets have been paid for by borrowed funds, which is crucial because companies with a higher debt to asset ratio have more debt relative to their assets. A higher debt to asset ratio implies a higher financial risk for the bondholders as well as lenders.Hence, as an investor considering purchasing some of a company's long-term bonds as an investment, I will probably be most interested in the Debt to assets ratio of the company's financial statement ratios.
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For a process with a centered mean to achieve three-sigma quality, how many standard deviations (assuming its value is known or estimated) can be covered between the lower and upper specification limits (LSL and USL)? 1 2 12 6 3 A supplier claims to have a product specification of 5 +0.1 kg in weight. According to its machine operator's record, the production process actually has the sample mean of 5.02 kg and a standard deviation of 0.04 kg. Calculate the process capability index for this supplier. What is your conclusion of the supplier's quality performance? Cpk - 0.67, the process has not even reached a 3-sigma quality Cpk = 1.33, the process has achieved a 6-sigma quality Cpk = 1.33, the process has achieved a 3-sigma quality Cpk - 2, the process has achieved a 6-sigma quality Cpk - 2. the process has achieved a 3-sigma quality
To achieve three-sigma quality, a process with a centered mean should cover 6 standard deviations between the lower and upper specification limits (LSL and USL).
In the given example, the process has a specification of 5 + 0.1 kg, which means the LSL is 4.9 kg and the USL is 5.1 kg. The sample mean of the production process is 5.02 kg, and the standard deviation is 0.04 kg.
To calculate the process capability index (Cpk), we need to determine the process capability ratio (Cp) first using the formula:
Cp = (USL - LSL) / (6 * standard deviation)
Cp = (5.1 - 4.9) / (6 * 0.04)
= 0.2 / 0.24
≈ 0.83
Once we have Cp, we can calculate Cpk using the formula:
Cpk = min((USL - mean) / (3 * standard deviation), (mean - LSL) / (3 * standard deviation))
Cpk = min((5.1 - 5.02) / (3 * 0.04), (5.02 - 4.9) / (3 * 0.04))
= min(0.08 / 0.12, 0.12 / 0.12)
= min(0.67, 1)
= 0.67
Therefore, the process capability index (Cpk) for this supplier is 0.67.
Based on this result, the correct conclusion would be:
Cpk = 0.67, the process has not even reached a 3-sigma quality.
This indicates that the process is not capable of consistently producing within the specified limits. The variability of the process is such that it falls short of achieving even a 3-sigma level of quality. Further improvements are needed to enhance the process capability and reduce variation.
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Consider two individuals Venu (V) and Bhavani (B). V can either choose v1 or V₂ and B can either choose b1 or b2. Their payoff matrix is given as below. V V1 V2 B b₁ (1,2) (0,3) b2 (2,1) (-1,0) Find out the best response functions of V and B. Find out all the Nash equilibria (both pure and mixed strategies) using the best response function. Can you explain the game using a game tree?
A Nash equilibrium in game theory is a term used to describe a state in which a player makes the best possible move after considering their opponents' moves in a strategic interaction.
In this case, we have two individuals Venu and Bhavani.
Venu can choose between two options V1 or V2, and
Bhavani can choose between b1 or b2.
The payoff matrix for this game is given below:
V V1 V2B b₁ (1,2) (0,3) b2 (2,1) (-1,0)
To obtain the best response functions of V and B, we must consider their respective payoffs for each of their moves.
The best response function for V would be to choose V2 if B chooses b1 and V1 if B chooses b2.
The best response function for B would be to choose b1 if V chooses V1 and b2 if V chooses V2.
There are three possible pure Nash equilibria: (V2, b1), (V1, b2), and (V1, b1).
The mixed Nash equilibrium can be obtained by solving the following equations:
(1 - p) + 2p = 2p + (-1)(1 - p)(1 - p) + 3p
= p(0) + (1 - p)(1)
The solution to the above equations is p = 1/3 and (V1, b1) is the mixed Nash equilibrium.
The game tree for this game is given below:
The game tree shows all the possible actions that the players can take at each stage and the corresponding payoffs for each action.
From the game tree, we can see that the best response for V in the first stage is V2, and for B, it is b1.
Therefore, the game tree starts at (V2, b1).
If V chooses V2, B's best response is to choose b1, and the game ends in a (V2, b1) Nash equilibrium.
If V chooses V1, B's best response is to choose b2, and the game ends in a (V1, b2) Nash equilibrium.
If B chooses b1, V's best response is to choose V2, and the game ends in a (V2, b1) Nash equilibrium.
If B chooses b2, V's best response is to choose V1, and the game ends in a (V1, b2) Nash equilibrium.
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The assets and liabilities of Thompson Computer Services at March 31, the end of the current year, and its revenue and expenses for the year are listed below. The common stock was $133,400 and the retained earnings were $60,000 at April 1, the beginning of the current year. During the year, shareholders purchased an additional $25,700 in stock. $2,000 Miscellaneous Expense 10,340 21,420 Supplies 72,530 Wages expense 47,000 Dividends 157,630 Accounts payable Accounts receivable Office expense $1,030 1,280 1,670 23,730 14,800 Cash Fees earned Land Building Prepare a statement of retained earnings for the current year ended March 31. Thompson's Computer Services Statement of Retained Earnings For the Year Ended March 31 Previous Next
Thompson Computer Services' statement of retained earnings includes beginning retained earnings, net income, additional stock purchases, and dividends to calculate the ending retained earnings.
The statement of retained earnings is a financial statement that shows the changes in a company's retained earnings over a specific period. It starts with the beginning retained earnings balance, adds the net income or subtracts the net loss for the period, incorporates any additional stock purchases, and deducts dividends paid to shareholders. The resulting figure is the ending retained earnings balance.
To prepare the statement of retained earnings for Thompson Computer Services, we would start with the beginning retained earnings balance of $60,000. We would then consider the net income for the year, which is not provided in the given information. After that, we would incorporate the additional stock purchases of $25,700. Finally, we would deduct the dividends of $2,000 to calculate the ending retained earnings balance.
However, without the net income figure, it is not possible to determine the exact statement of retained earnings for the current year ended March 31. The net income is necessary to accurately calculate the changes in retained earnings.
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Are there any defences to the offence of
insider trading? (5 marks)
(Based on Australian law)
Hints: Diligent Investor
Yes, there are some defences to the offence of insider trading under Australian law.
These are the following:
Defense 1: Diligent Investor DefenceIf the person accused of insider trading can prove that they traded on the basis of information that is generally available to the public and that a reasonable person in their position would have made the same trade, they may be able to raise a defence to the insider trading charge.
Defense 2: Pre-existing Instruction DefenceIf the person can demonstrate that they gave a pre-existing instruction to trade, before they became aware of the inside information that they later traded on, they may have a defence to the insider trading charge. This instruction must be such that they could not have been aware of the inside information at the time they gave the instruction.
Defense 3: Unaware of the Inside Information DefenceIf the person can show that they were unaware of the inside information that they traded on, they may have a defence to the insider trading charge. This means that they did not know, and were not reckless as to whether the information was inside information.
Defense 4: Exclusion of Information DefenceIf the person can show that the inside information was excluded from their information, then they may have a defence to the insider trading charge.
Defense 5: Market Integrity DefenceIf the insider trading can be shown to have been necessary for the maintenance of a fair and efficient market, then there may be a defence to the insider trading charge. This defence is a narrow one, and it is difficult to satisfy the requirements for this defence.
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Which of the following statement regarding the dimension of quality is not correct? Select one: a. Timeliness is the speed with which service is delivered. b. Perceived quality is a subjective evaluation of quality (e.g., reputation, image). c. Responsiveness is the ability of the server to help customers in unusual situations and to deal with problems. d. Performance means how well a product corresponds to its design specification. e. Assurance is the ability of the server to convey trust and confidence; service guarantee.
The incorrect statement regarding the dimension of quality is:
d. Performance means how well a product corresponds to its design specification.
Performance does refer to how well a product or service meets its intended design specifications. Therefore, statement d is incorrect.
The correct option that is not correct regarding the dimension of quality is (e) Assurance is the ability of the server to convey trust and confidence; service guarantee.
What is the reason?The dimension of quality is an important concept in the business world that describes the attributes and features of a product or service that are important to customers.
These attributes are essential to the customer’s evaluation of the quality of a product or service, and they vary from one product or service to another.
The following statements regarding the dimension of quality are correct :
a. Timeliness is the speed with which service is delivered.
b. Perceived quality is a subjective evaluation of quality (e.g., reputation, image).
c. Responsiveness is the ability of the server to help customers in unusual situations and to deal with problems.
d. Performance means how well a product corresponds to its design specification.
The dimension of quality is essential in determining the success of a product or service. Each dimension plays a critical role in the customer’s evaluation of the quality of a product or service.
Hence, option e. is correct.
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Marion has requested your advice in relation to her goal of continuing to self fund her retirement. Marion is aged 65 and, for planning purposes, expects to continue as a self funded retiree for another 30 years. Marion has identified two key issues for you to address:
Issue 2: Estimated superannuation requirement to support 30 years
Calculate the required superannuation fund amount to support a net income requirement of AUD75,000 per annum for 30 years. Assume the net income requirement does not change and the fund generates a constant return of 5% per annum. Ignore fees and taxes. Show your answer in millions to one decimal place (for example, AUD2.1 million). (3 marks)
To calculate the required superannuation fund amount to support a net income requirement of AUD 75,000 per annum for 30 years, we can use the concept of the present value of an annuity.
Given:
Net income requirement per annum: AUD 75,000
Number of years: 30
Return on the fund: 5% per annum
We can determine the present value of the net income requirement using the formula:
Present Value = Net Income Requirement × (1 - (1 + Return Rate)^(-Number of Years)) / Return Rate
Present Value = AUD 75,000 × (1 - (1 + 0.05)^(-30)) / 0.05
Present Value = AUD 75,000 × (1 - (1.05)^(-30)) / 0.05
Present Value = AUD 75,000 × (1 - 0.1296) / 0.05
Present Value = AUD 75,000 × 0.8704 / 0.05
Present Value = AUD 1,305,600
Therefore, the required superannuation fund amount to support a net income requirement of AUD 75,000 per annum for 30 years is approximately AUD 1.3 million (rounded to one decimal place).
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Ability includes which of the following? Select one a Intensity and learned capabilities O b. Persistence and direction O c Natural aptitude and intensity Od Direction and intensity O e. Aptitudes and learned skills The purpose behind a rite of passage is to motivate commitment to company's norms and values Select one O True O False The purpose behind a rite of passage is to motivate commitment to company's norms and values Select one True False
Ability includes intensity and learned capabilities. Intensity can be defined as the ability to work harder, stay focused, and perform better over a longer period of time.
The learned capabilities are the skills and knowledge that an individual has gained over time through training, education, or experience. A rite of passage is a cultural or ceremonial event that marks the transition from one stage of life to another, such as adolescence to adulthood. The purpose behind a rite of passage is to motivate commitment to the company norms and values is False. The primary goal behind a rite of passage is to recognize an individual's transition to a new stage in life. It is not necessarily intended to motivate individuals to follow the company's norms and values.
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Marketing Mix consists of the 4 P's. One of those P's is Place. Some of the most successful franchises in the US include restaurant and food chains like bway, McDonald's, Pizza Hut, Burger King, and Dunkin' Donuts. Other types of successful franchise businesses include hotels, resorts, auto rentals, shipping mpanies, gyms, and cleaning companies. Franchise is the most common type of ESTION: Identify the type of vertical marketing system that fills in the blank above
The type of vertical marketing system that fills in the blank is "corporate vertical marketing system." In a corporate vertical marketing system, a parent company owns and operates different levels of the distribution channel.
In the case of franchises, the parent company (franchisor) grants the right to independent individuals or businesses (franchisees) to operate under its established brand and business model.
The franchisor exercises control over various aspects of the franchise operation, including product development, marketing, and distribution. This allows for consistency in the brand image, customer experience, and overall business strategy across multiple locations.
Franchises like Subway, McDonald's, Pizza Hut, Burger King, and Dunkin' Donuts operate under a corporate vertical marketing system. The parent company retains a high level of control over the franchise operations, ensuring that the brand's standards and guidelines are followed. This centralized control contributes to the success of these franchise businesses by maintaining a consistent brand image, product quality, and customer experience across their network of locations.
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Subject: franchise management
Provide background on the Burger King company. with the reference.
Burger King is a well-known fast-food restaurant chain that was founded in 1954 in Miami, Florida. It has grown to become one of the largest hamburger fast-food chains globally, with a focus on flame-grilled burgers.
Burger King is recognized for its signature menu items, including the Whopper sandwich, and its commitment to providing customers with customizable burger options. The company operates on a franchise model, allowing independent franchisees to operate Burger King restaurants worldwide.
Burger King, often abbreviated as BK, was established by James McLamore and David Edgerton. Since its inception, the company has expanded rapidly, with a strong emphasis on franchising as a growth strategy.
Franchising allows Burger King to extend its brand presence globally and maintain a widespread network of restaurants. Independent franchisees operate individual Burger King locations, adhering to the company's standardized operating procedures, menu offerings, and brand image.
Burger King's success is rooted in its menu innovation and customer-centric approach. The company continually introduces new products and promotions to cater to changing consumer tastes and preferences. Burger King's signature flame-grilled burgers differentiate it from competitors and contribute to its unique brand identity.
As of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, Burger King has a significant global presence, with thousands of restaurants across different countries. The franchise model enables local entrepreneurs to invest in the Burger King brand and benefit from its established reputation and support systems.
Franchisees receive training, marketing support, and operational guidance from the company to ensure consistency and quality across all Burger King locations.
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In the monopolistic competition model, would you expect prices to be higher or lower when a country moves from autarky to free trade? Why?
In the monopolistic competition model, prices are generally expected to be lower when a country moves from autarky (closed economy) to free trade (open economy).
In monopolistic competition, firms have some degree of market power and can differentiate their products. When a country moves from autarky to free trade, it opens up its market to foreign competition. This increased competition leads to a greater variety of products and more choices for consumers.
Firms, in order to attract customers, need to lower their prices to remain competitive. As a result, prices tend to decrease in a monopolistically competitive market under free trade compared to a closed economy.
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Identify the false statement. a. The productivity increases in manufacturing sector in the USA during the industrial era can be attributed to automation, technology advances, and business process reengineering (BPR). O b. In a single-queue, single-server queuing system, if the value of Mu (μ) exceeds the value of lambda (X), then no queue will form. c. For a single-queue, single-server queuing system, the value of lambda (X) may exceed that of Mu (μ). d. The SERVQUAL model can be used to assess customer satisfaction based on service quality gaps.
The false statement is: b. In a single-queue, single-server queuing system, if the value of Mu (μ) exceeds the value of lambda (X), then no queue will form.
In the given options, statement b is false. In a single-queue, single-server queuing system, if the arrival rate (lambda, λ) is greater than the service rate (Mu, μ), a queue will form. This is because the rate at which customers arrive exceeds the rate at which they can be served, leading to a buildup of customers in the queue.
In a single-queue, single-server queuing system, the relationship between the arrival rate (lambda, λ) and the service rate (Mu, μ) determines the behavior of the system. If the arrival rate is higher than the service rate, a queue will form and customers will experience waiting times. If the arrival rate is lower than the service rate, the system operates under capacity, and customers do not have to wait.
The other statements in options a, c, and d are true. Option a correctly identifies the factors contributing to increased productivity in the manufacturing sector during the industrial era. Option c acknowledges that the arrival rate (lambda, λ) can exceed the service rate (Mu, μ) in a queuing system. Option d refers to the SERVQUAL model, which is indeed used to assess customer satisfaction based on service quality gaps.
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Discuss the effects of the tobacco ban on business
ethics
The tobacco ban has significant effects on business ethics. Firstly, the ban reflects a societal shift towards prioritizing public health and well-being over the financial interests of the tobacco industry. From an ethical standpoint, it demonstrates a commitment to protecting individuals from the harmful effects of tobacco consumption and reducing the associated health risks.
The ban also promotes transparency and truthfulness in marketing and advertising practices. Tobacco companies have long been criticized for misleading advertising tactics, targeting vulnerable populations, and downplaying the health risks of smoking. With the ban in place, businesses are compelled to adhere to stricter regulations and ethical standards in their marketing communications, ensuring that accurate and transparent information is provided to consumers.
Furthermore, the tobacco ban fosters corporate social responsibility. Businesses are encouraged to align their operations with public health goals, supporting initiatives to reduce smoking prevalence, promoting healthier alternatives, and investing in smoking cessation programs. This demonstrates a commitment to ethical behavior and contributes to the overall well-being of society.
However, the tobacco ban also presents ethical challenges for businesses directly involved in the tobacco industry. It raises questions about the ethical responsibilities of tobacco companies towards their employees, shareholders, and suppliers. These companies must navigate the tension between their financial interests and the societal harm caused by their products. Ethical considerations include ensuring fair treatment of employees, supporting transitions to alternative industries, and addressing the social and economic impacts of the ban.
Overall, the tobacco ban has far-reaching effects on business ethics by promoting public health, transparency, corporate social responsibility, and ethical decision-making. It challenges businesses to align their practices with societal well-being and navigate the complex ethical considerations associated with the tobacco industry.
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Which statement is true of Netflix? O Its business model has stayed the same despite facing significant challenges and technical shifts. It has had to craft different kinds fo competitive advantages to maintain its spot as the world's largest streaming service. O It is the least expensive streaming service available. O It was able to transition smoothly from a DVD-by-mail service to a video streaming service.
"It was able to transition smoothly from a DVD-by-mail service to a video streaming service" is true of Netflix. It successfully revolutionized the way people consume entertainment. (Option C)
Netflix originally started as a DVD rental service, delivering DVDs by mail to subscribers. However, recognizing the shift in consumer behavior and the potential of streaming technology, Netflix made a strategic move to transition into a video streaming service. This transition was not without challenges, as it required significant investments in infrastructure, licensing agreements, and the development of a robust streaming platform.
Netflix executed the transition smoothly by investing heavily in technology and content licensing, providing a seamless user experience, and gradually phasing out its DVD-by-mail service. This strategic shift allowed Netflix to tap into the growing demand for on-demand streaming and capitalize on the changing preferences of consumers.
As a result, Netflix has become the world's largest streaming service, offering a vast library of movies, TV shows, and original content to millions of subscribers worldwide. Its successful transition from a DVD-by-mail service to a video streaming platform has been a key driver of its dominance in the industry.
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US President Donald Trump imposed tariffs on China soon after he was elected and began what became known as a trade war between the two countries. Ceteris paribus, what would happen in the foreign exchange market for dollars if China decided, as part of this "we" to sell its stockple of US Treasury securities? Consider the model of supply and demand for dollars where the price is number of foreign currency per dollar to analyze the scenario Would the dollar appreciate or depreciate as a result? US President Donald Trump imposed tariffs on China soon after he was elected and began what became known as a trade war between the two countries. Ceters paribus, what would happen in the foreign exchange market for dollars if Chine decided, as part of this war" to sell its stockpile of US Treasury securities? Consider the model of supply and demand for dollars where the price is number of foreign currency per dollar to analyze the scenario. Would the dollar appreciate or depreciate as a result?
In the scenario described, if China decides to sell its stockpile of US Treasury securities as part of the trade war with the US, the foreign exchange market for dollars would be affected. Ceteris paribus, this would likely lead to the depreciation of the US dollar.
When China sells its stockpile of US Treasury securities, it is essentially increasing the supply of dollars in the foreign exchange market. According to the model of supply and demand for dollars, an increase in the supply of dollars, while the demand remains constant, would result in a depreciation of the US dollar.
Here's a breakdown of the analysis:
Increase in the supply of dollars: Selling US Treasury securities by China increases the supply of dollars in the foreign exchange market. This means that there are more dollars available for exchange with foreign currencies.
Constant demand for dollars: The scenario assumes that the demand for dollars remains constant. This means that there is no change in the factors influencing the demand for dollars, such as trade volume, investment opportunities, or interest rates.
Impact on exchange rate: With an increased supply of dollars and constant demand, the foreign exchange market would experience an imbalance, leading to a decrease in the value of the US dollar. In other words, the dollar would depreciate relative to foreign currencies.
It's important to note that real-world exchange rate movements are influenced by a multitude of factors, and the scenario presented considers a simplified ceteris paribus analysis. However, based on the given information and the basic supply and demand model for foreign exchange, the most likely outcome would be the depreciation of the US dollar if China were to sell its stockpile of US Treasury securities as part of the trade war.
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The following standard costs per unit, of one product, have been taken from the records of Bahraim Company Direct materials 5 kgs at $3 per kg. Direct labor 2.5 hours at $10 per hour Actual data for last month. Units produced: 12,000 Direct materials used 35,000 kgs Direct labor hours: 22,000 Direct labor rate per hour $9 Direct material price: $4 per kg Direct matenals purchased: 100,000 kgs Required: (a) Compute the price and efficiency variances for direct materials and direct labor. Direct material price variance to be calculated at the time of purchase. (5 marks) (b) Prepare the journal entries to record the price and efficiency variances for direct matenals and direct labor
To calculate the price and efficiency variances for direct materials and direct labor, we can use the given standard costs per unit and actual data for last month.
(a) Price and Efficiency Variances:
Direct Materials:
Standard Quantity = 5 kgs per unit
Standard Price = $3 per kg
Actual Quantity Used = 35,000 kgs
Actual Price = $4 per kg
Price Variance = (Actual Price - Standard Price) * Actual Quantity Used
Price Variance = ($4 - $3) * 35,000 kgs = $35,000 (Favorable)
Efficiency Variance = (Standard Quantity - Actual Quantity Used) * Standard Price
Efficiency Variance = (5 kgs - 35,000 kgs) * $3 = -$104,985 (Unfavorable)
Direct Labor:
Standard Hours = 2.5 hours per unit
Standard Rate = $10 per hour
Actual Labor Hours = 22,000 hours
Actual Rate = $9 per hour
Price Variance = (Actual Rate - Standard Rate) * Actual Labor Hours
Price Variance = ($9 - $10) * 22,000 hours = -$22,000 (Unfavorable)
Efficiency Variance = (Standard Hours - Actual Labor Hours) * Standard Rate
Efficiency Variance = (2.5 hours - 22,000 hours) * $10 = $219,975 (Favorable)
(b) Journal Entries for Price and Efficiency Variances:
Direct Materials:
To record the price variance:
[tex]Debit Materials Price Variance: \textdollar35,000\\\\Credit Accounts Payable: \textdollar35,000[/tex]
To record the efficiency variance:
[tex]Debit Materials Efficiency Variance: \textdollar104,985\\\\Credit Work in Process: \textdollar104,985[/tex]
Direct Labor:
To record the price variance:
[tex]Debit Labor Price Variance: \textdollar22,000\\\\Credit Accrued Wages: \textdollar22,000[/tex]
To record the efficiency variance:
[tex]Debit Labor Efficiency Variance: \textdollar219,975\\\\Credit Work in Process: \textdollar219,975[/tex]
These journal entries reflect the recording of price and efficiency variances for direct materials and direct labor. The variances are allocated to the appropriate accounts, such as Materials Price Variance, Materials Efficiency Variance, Labor Price Variance, and Labor Efficiency Variance.
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Which of the following costs is categorized as direct cost?
Variable overhead
Utilities (e.g., cost of electricity)
Maintenance cost
None of the above
Among the options provided, the cost categorized as a direct cost is "None of the above." Direct costs are expenses that can be specifically and easily attributed to a particular product,
service, or cost object. They are directly associated with the production or provision of a specific item or activity. Examples of direct costs include direct labor costs, direct materials costs, and direct expenses directly linked to a specific product or project.
Let's analyze the options given: Variable overhead: Variable overhead costs are indirect costs. They are expenses that cannot be easily traced to a specific product or activity but vary with the level of production or operation.
Utilities (e.g., cost of electricity): Utility costs are generally considered indirect costs. While they are necessary for the operation of the overall business, they are usually allocated to different cost centers or departments rather than directly assigned to a specific product or project.
Maintenance cost: Maintenance costs are also indirect costs. They typically involve the general upkeep, repair, and servicing of various assets and facilities within a business.
Like utility costs, maintenance expenses are often allocated across different areas of the organization rather than directly assigned to specific products. Therefore, none of the options provided (variable overhead, utilities, maintenance cost) are categorized as direct costs.
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What is the difference between talent acquisition and recruiting? 1. Talent acquisition is the same as hiring; recruiting is attracting the people who will be hired 2. Talent acquisition is the process of planning the workforce and budgeting enough money for payroll; recruiting is advertising jobs and their salary levels 3. Recruiting is part of talent acquisition and involves attracting talent to select from 4.Talent acquisition is focused on keeping the best talent in the company; recruiting is focused on finding and choosing the best talent
Recruiting specifically refers to the process of sourcing, screening, and selecting candidates for specific job positions.
Talent acquisition is the same as hiring; recruiting is attracting the people who will be hired: This statement is incorrect. Talent acquisition goes beyond the act of hiring and involves strategic workforce planning, employer branding, sourcing strategies, and talent management. Recruiting is a subset of talent acquisition and focuses on attracting potential candidates to fill specific job openings.
Talent acquisition is the process of planning the workforce and budgeting enough money for payroll; recruiting is advertising jobs and their salary levels: This statement is not entirely accurate. While talent acquisition may involve workforce planning and budgeting, it encompasses a broader scope, including employer branding, candidate sourcing, assessment, and onboarding. Recruiting primarily focuses on attracting candidates by advertising job openings and salary information.
Recruiting is part of talent acquisition and involves attracting talent to select from: This statement is more accurate. Recruiting is a component of talent acquisition and involves activities such as sourcing candidates, screening resumes, conducting interviews, and selecting the most suitable individuals for specific positions.
Talent acquisition is focused on keeping the best talent in the company; recruiting is focused on finding and choosing the best talent: This statement is not entirely correct. While talent acquisition may include retention strategies, its primary focus is on identifying and attracting top talent to the organization. Recruiting is specifically concerned with finding and selecting the best candidates for specific job roles.
In summary, talent acquisition is a comprehensive approach that encompasses strategic workforce planning and various activities to attract, identify, and retain talent, while recruiting is a subset of talent acquisition focused on sourcing and selecting candidates for specific job positions.
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name some online presence/brand/business of an existing entity?
Here are some examples of an online presence/brand/business of an existing entity:
Apple Inc.Tesla WalmartApple Inc.: Apple is one of the most well-known companies in the world, and they have a strong online presence. Their website is very clean and easy to navigate, and their social media presence is very active. They use their online presence to promote new products, provide customer support, and engage with their audience.
Tesla: Tesla is another company that has a strong online presence. They use their website to showcase their products, provide information about their technology, and share news about the company. They are also very active on social media, where they share updates about new products, share customer stories, and engage with their followers.
Walmart: Walmart is a large retail chain that has a strong online presence. Their website allows customers to shop online and order products for home delivery or in-store pickup. They also have a strong social media presence, where they share promotions and deals, provide customer support, and engage with their audience.
Overall, having a strong online presence is essential for any business or brand in today's digital age. It allows companies to connect with customers, share information, and promote their products or services to a wide audience.
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The demand equation for a product is q=√100−p and the supply equation is q=p/2−10. Determine the consumers' surplus and producers' surplus under market equilibrium.
The consumers' surplus is approximately 517.27 and the producers' surplus is 400.
To determine the consumers' surplus and producers' surplus under market equilibrium, we first need to find the equilibrium price and quantity by setting the demand and supply equations equal to each other:
√100 - p = p/2 - 10
Solving this equation, we find that the equilibrium price is p = 40. Substituting this price into either the demand or supply equation, we can find the equilibrium quantity:
q = √100 - 40 = √60 ≈ 7.75
Now, let's calculate the consumers' surplus and producers' surplus.
Consumers' Surplus:
To calculate the consumers' surplus, we need to find the area between the demand curve and the equilibrium price line. Since the demand equation is non-linear, we'll use calculus to find the area under the demand curve:
CS = ∫[p=0 to p=40] (√100 - p) dp
= [2/3(p(100-p)^(3/2)) + 200/3(sqrt(100) - sqrt(100 - p))] from 0 to 40
≈ 517.27
Producers' Surplus:
To calculate the producers' surplus, we need to find the area between the supply curve and the equilibrium price line. Again, using calculus, we find:
PS = ∫[p=0 to p=40] (p/2 - 10) dp
= [1/4(p^2 - 20p)] from 0 to 40
= 400
Therefore, the consumers' surplus is approximately 517.27 and the producers' surplus is 400.
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Meyer Inc produces lampposts using labor (L) and capital (K).
Its production function is given by the following expression: Q =
30 L + 10 K where Q is the output of lampposts. The prices of labor
(PL)
The prices of labor is (200 * L) + (30 * K).
The production function for Meyer Inc. is 30L + 10K = Q, where L represents labor and K represents capital. The price of labor is PL.
In order to determine Meyer Inc's total cost (C), you must first determine the price of capital (PK) and then use it to compute the total cost equation.
To calculate the price of capital, use the following formula:
PL = (MC) / (MP)
Where: MC: represents the cost of capital
MP: represents the marginal product of labor.
Therefore, MC = PL * MP
or MC = (dQ/dL) * PL
Let's begin by calculating the marginal product of labor:
MP = dQ/dL
= 30.
Next, let's use this information to determine the cost of capital:
MC = PL * MP
= 30 * PL
Now that we know the price of capital, we can calculate the total cost equation:
C = (PL * L) + (PK * K)
Using the values provided in the question, we can plug in the appropriate numbers and simplify:
C = (200 * L) + (30 * K)
Therefore, the expression for Meyer Inc's total cost (C) is (200 * L) + (30 * K).
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Q16-Q22 are based on the following problem.
Greener Inc is a retailer of tea bags and its manager is doing inventory management for its most popular Jasmine Green Tea (JGT). Demand for the JGT is 8000 boxes per month. Each box costs the retailer $8. Ordering costs are $60, and the annual carrying costs are 20 percent of the purchase price. Assume the lead time is zero, and there are 300 days in a year during which the retailer is operating.
What is the EOQ quantity?
What is the average inventory level of the tea boxes at Greener Inc?
How many orders will be placed per year?
How often will an order be placed (length of order cycle)?'
How much does the company spend annually on ordering costs (Hint: You can obtain this result using your result for Q16)?'
If the manager mistakenly estimated the holding cost to be 10 percent of the purchase price, by what percentage will the EOQ quantity be off (meaning deviating from the EOQ quantity you obtained from Q16)?
If the manager mistakenly estimated the holding cost to be 10 percent of the purchase price, by what percentage will the total costs (using the correct unit holding cost) be off?
The deviation from the original EOQ is 29.10% and the deviation from the original total cost is 2.98%.
What is the EOQ quantity?The EOQ formula is given by;
EOQ = √((2DS)/(H)),
Where,
D = Annual Demand
S = Ordering Cost
H = Holding Cost
EOQ = √((2*8000*60)/(8*0.20))
EOQ = 600 boxes.
What is the average inventory level of the tea boxes at Greener Inc?The formula to calculate the average inventory level is given as;
Average Inventory Level = (Q/2) + (D * L) / 2
Where,
Q = EOQD = Annual Demand
L = Lead time
L = 0
(Given)
Average Inventory Level = (600/2) + (8000 * 0) / 2
Average Inventory Level = 300 boxes.
How many orders will be placed per year?The number of orders placed per year is given as;
Number of orders = (D/Q)
Number of orders = (8000/600)
Number of orders = 13.33 orders,
The company will place 13 orders in a year.
Length of order cycle = (Q/D) * 30
Length of order cycle = (600/8000) * 30
Length of order cycle = 2.25 months.
Annual ordering cost = (D/Q) * S * H,
Annual ordering cost = (8000/600) * 60 * 1,
Annual ordering cost = $800.
EOQ = √((2DS)/H)
EOQ = √((2*8000*60)/(8*0.10))
EOQ = 774.60 boxes,
The percentage deviation from the original EOQ value;
Deviation percentage = | (EOQ(original) - EOQ(new)) / EOQ(original) | * 100%
Deviation percentage = |(600 - 774.60) / 600| * 100%
Deviation percentage = 29.10%.
If the manager mistakenly estimated the holding cost to be 10 percent of the purchase price,
The total cost is given as-
Total Cost = Ordering Cost + Carrying Cost Total Cost
= ((DS/H) * S) + ((H/2) * Q)
Total Cost = ((8000/600 * 60) + (0.20/2) * 8 * 600)
Total Cost = $2,760
The percentage deviation from the original Total cost value;
Deviation percentage = |(Total Cost(original) - Total Cost(new)) / Total Cost(original)| * 100%
Deviation percentage = |(2680 - 2760) / 2680| * 100%
Deviation percentage = 2.98%.
Therefore, the deviation from the original EOQ is 29.10% and the deviation from the original total cost is 2.98%.
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In an economic order quantity problem, the total annual cost curve is at its maximum where the holding costs equal the setup costs. O True O False
False. The total annual cost curve is at its minimum where the holding costs equal the setup costs.
The economic order quantity (EOQ) is the optimal order size that minimizes the total annual cost of ordering and holding inventory.
The total annual cost curve includes both the setup costs - the costs of placing an order - and the holding costs - the costs of carrying inventory. The curve starts high at low order quantities due to high setup costs and increases sharply at higher order quantities due to high holding costs.
It reaches a minimum point where the holding costs equal the setup costs, and then starts to increase again due to diminishing economies of scale.
Therefore, the total annual cost curve is at its minimum where the holding costs equal the setup costs, not at its maximum as suggested in the statement.
This optimal point can be calculated by using the EOQ formula, which takes into account the variables of demand, setup costs, holding costs, and unit price.
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Assume that demand for three goods has been evaluated at the follow- ing three price vectors: p¹ = (1, 2, 2); p² = (2, 1, 2); p³= (2, 2, 1); = Consider two different data sets with income m 12 in all cases. specifying x¹ = x(p¹, 12), x² = x(p², 12), and x³ = x(p³, 12). (a) Suppose that x¹ = (4, 2, 2), x² = (2, 4, 2), and x³ = (2, 2, 4). Show that there are no cycles in the affordability matrix. What does this imply for existence of a utility function rationalizing these choices? (b) Suppose instead that x¹ = (2,3,2), x² = (2, 2, 3), and x³ = (3, 2, 2). Show that there is a cycle in the affordability matrix. What does this imply for existence of a utility function rational- izing these choices?
To determine the presence of cycles in the affordability matrix and its implications for the existence of a utility function rationalizing the choices, we need to calculate the affordability matrix using the given price vectors and consumption bundles.
(a) Given x¹ = (4, 2, 2), x² = (2, 4, 2), and x³ = (2, 2, 4), we can calculate the affordability matrix as follows:
Affordability matrix:
p¹ p² p³
x¹ 4 2 2
x² 2 4 2
x³ 2 2 4
There are no cycles in the affordability matrix. This means that there are no subsets of goods where it is possible to move from one bundle to another and back in a cycle without violating the budget constraint.
The absence of cycles in the affordability matrix implies that there exists a utility function that rationalizes these choices. It suggests that the consumer's preferences are consistent with the observed consumption bundles, given the prices and income.
(b) Given x¹ = (2, 3, 2), x² = (2, 2, 3), and x³ = (3, 2, 2), we can calculate the affordability matrix as follows:
Affordability matrix:
p¹ p² p³
x¹ 2 2 3
x² 3 2 2
x³ 2 3 2
There is a cycle in the affordability matrix, where x¹ can be obtained from x², x² can be obtained from x³, and x³ can be obtained from x¹. This cycle violates the budget constraint, as it suggests that the consumer can move from one bundle to another and back without incurring any additional cost.
The presence of a cycle in the affordability matrix implies that there does not exist a utility function that can rationalize these choices. It suggests that the consumer's preferences, as reflected in the consumption bundles, are inconsistent with the given prices and income.
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determine the amounts of any cash inflows or outflows related to the common stock and dividend accounts in 2022.
The accounts for common stock and dividends will receive $248,000 in cash inflows and $25,000 in cash outflows in 2022.
To determine the amounts of any cash inflows or outflows related to the common stock and dividend accounts in 2022,
Cash inflows from issuance of common stock: $230,000. This is based on the common stock's initial amount of $200,000 plus the additional stock issuance of $30,000.
Cash inflows from dividends: $18,000. This is based on the total amount of declared dividends of $15,000 plus the amount of dividends that were declared the previous year but not paid, which is $3,000. (The dividend is a distribution of earnings to shareholders, and it is recorded in the statement of cash flows as a cash outflow.)
Cash outflows from the purchase of treasury stock: $10,000. This is based on the amount of common stock repurchased of $10,000. (The repurchase of stock is recorded in the statement of cash flows as a cash outflow.)Cash outflows from the payment of dividends: $15,000. This is based on the total amount of declared dividends of $15,000. (The payment of dividends is recorded in the statement of cash flows as a cash outflow.)
In summary, the cash inflows related to the common stock and dividend accounts in 2022 are $248,000, and the cash outflows are $25,000.
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The complete question is:
The following account balances relate to the stockholders' equity accounts of Sheffield Corp. at year-end. 2022 2021 Common stock, 11,110 and 10,610 shares, respectively, for 2022 and 2021 $153,650 $132,850 Preferred stock, 5,050 shares 136,350 136,350 Retained earnings 322,310 272,200 A small stock dividend was declared and issued in 2022. The market price of the shares was $7,920. Cash dividends were $19,970 in both 2022 and 2021. The common stock has no par or stated value. What was the amount of net income reported by Sheffield Corp. in 2022? Net income $ Determine the amounts of any cash inflows or outflows related to the common stock and dividend accounts in 2022. (Show amounts that decrease cash flow with either a - sign e.g. -15,000 or in parenthesis e.g. (15,000).) Cash flow related to common stock account $ Cash flow related to dividend account $ eTextbook and Media Indicate where each of the cash inflows or outflows identified in (b) would be classified on the statement of cash flows. Cash flow related to common stock account Cash flow related to dividend account
economic efficiency requires that a natural monopoly's price be set corresponding to the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.
In economics, a natural monopoly occurs when a single firm can serve the entire market at a lower cost than multiple competing firms. In such cases, economic efficiency suggests that the price set by the natural monopoly should correspond to the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.
The concept of marginal revenue (MR) refers to the additional revenue generated from selling one additional unit of a product or service. Marginal cost (MC) represents the additional cost incurred in producing one extra unit. Setting the price at the level where marginal revenue equals marginal cost ensures that the natural monopoly maximizes its profits while minimizing the deadweight loss associated with monopolistic pricing. If the price is set higher than the marginal cost, it would lead to a reduction in consumer surplus and overall economic welfare.
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Timber Inc. invested profits of $160,000.00 in a GIC at 5.53% compounded monthly. How long would it take for the investment to grow to a value of at least $263,000.00?
it would take approximately 8.57 years for the investment to grow to a value of at least $263,000.00 when compounded monthly at a rate of 5.53%.
To calculate the time it would take for the investment to grow to at least $263,000.00, we can use the formula for compound interest:
Future Value = Present Value * (1 + Interest Rate/Number of Compounding Periods)²(Number of Compounding Periods * Time)
In this case:
Present Value = $160,000.00
Future Value = $263,000.00
Interest Rate = 5.53% (or 0.0553 in decimal form)
Number of Compounding Periods = 12 (monthly compounding)
Let's solve for the time (T):
$263,000.00 = $160,000.00 * (1 + 0.0553/12)^(12 * T)
Dividing both sides by $160,000.00:
1.64375 = (1.0046083)^(12 * T)
Taking the logarithm of both sides:
log(1.64375) = log((1.0046083)²(12 * T))
Using logarithmic properties:
log(1.64375) = 12 * T * log(1.0046083)
Solving for T:
T = log(1.64375) / (12 * log(1.0046083))
Calculating this expression:
T ≈ 8.57
Therefore, it would take approximately 8.57 years for the investment to grow to a value of at least $263,000.00 when compounded monthly at a rate of 5.53%.
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21- What are the accounting conventions? Explain All. 22- How to compute direct labor cost variance? Explain.
21- Accounting conventions are principles like historical cost, going concern, monetary unit, revenue recognition, and matching that guide financial reporting consistency.
22- Direct labor cost variance is computed by subtracting the actual labor cost from the standard labor cost to assess the difference.
21- Accounting conventions are a set of principles and guidelines that help guide the preparation and presentation of financial statements. These conventions ensure consistency, comparability, and reliability in financial reporting. The main accounting conventions include:
a) Historical Cost Convention: This convention states that assets should be recorded at their original cost when acquired, regardless of their current market value.
b) Going Concern Convention: This convention assumes that the entity will continue its operations in the foreseeable future. It implies that assets and liabilities should be recorded based on the assumption that the business will continue operating rather than being liquidated.
c) Monetary Unit Convention: This convention assumes that financial transactions should be recorded and reported in a stable and universally accepted currency, such as the U.S. dollar or Euro.
d) Revenue Recognition Convention: This convention outlines the principles for recognizing revenue in financial statements. It typically requires revenue to be recognized when it is earned and realized or realizable.
e) Matching Convention: This convention requires expenses to be recognized in the same accounting period as the revenues they help generate, following the principle of matching costs with revenues.
22- The direct labor cost variance is computed by comparing the actual cost of direct labor with the standard cost of direct labor. The standard cost represents the predetermined cost per unit of labor, and the variance helps assess the difference between the expected and actual labor costs.
To compute the direct labor cost variance, follow these steps:
1. Determine the standard labor cost per unit: This involves setting a standard labor rate and estimating the standard labor hours required per unit of production.
2. Multiply the standard labor cost per unit by the actual number of units produced to find the standard labor cost for the actual production level.
3. Calculate the actual labor cost incurred: Multiply the actual labor rate by the actual number of labor hours worked.
4. Compute the direct labor cost variance: Subtract the standard labor cost from the actual labor cost to find the variance.
Direct Labor Cost Variance = Actual Labor Cost - Standard Labor Cost
A positive variance indicates that the actual labor cost is higher than the standard, while a negative variance suggests that the actual labor cost is lower than the standard. Analyzing labor cost variances helps identify inefficiencies, evaluate performance, and make necessary adjustments in labor management or cost estimation.
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Morales Corporation produces microwave ovens. The following per unit cost information is available direct materials $38, direct labor $24, variable manufacturing overhead $15, fand manufacturing overhead $43, variable selling and administrative expens $17, and fixed selling and administrative expenses $25. Its desired ROI per unit is $30 Compute the markup percentage using asorption-co pricing (Round answer to 2 decimal places, 10.50% Markup percentage
The markup percentage using absorption-cost pricing can be calculated by dividing the desired return on investment (ROI) per unit by the total absorption cost per unit, and then multiplying by 100.
Total absorption cost per unit = Direct materials + Direct labor + Variable manufacturing overhead + Fixed manufacturing overhead
Total absorption cost per unit = $38 + $24 + $15 + $43 = $120
Desired ROI per unit = $30
Markup percentage = (Desired ROI per unit / Total absorption cost per unit) * 100
Markup percentage = ($30 / $120) * 100 ≈ 25%
Therefore, the markup percentage using absorption-cost pricing is approximately 25%.
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