The Joint capsule of a synovial joint encloses the joint and prevents bone ends from being pulled apart.
The joints of the limbs and other bones that rub up against one another are examples of synovial joints (e.g. shoulder, hip, elbow and knee). It has a fluid-filled joint cavity as a defining characteristic.
The ends of the bones are covered in slick cartilage in a synovial joint. A synovial membrane-lined joint capsule that produces synovial fluid surrounds and protects the two of them. The fluid, muscles, and connective tissues are shielded by the capsule.
The synovial joint's interior is enclosed by the joint capsule, which resembles a sac-like membrane. The bone ends of each involved bone have specific attachment zones where the joint capsule, which is a dense fibrous connective tissue, is attached.
Hence when the bone is pulled apart this joint capsule protects the joint.
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The diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane is called.
Answer:
The diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane is called Osmosis.
which is not a correct association? group of answer choices s stage-dna synthesis m stage-mitosis and cytokinesis interphase-shortest stage of the cell cycle g2 stage-metabolic preparation for mitosis
Anaphase is the stage where DNA is synthesized, m is the stage during which mitosis and cytokinesis occur, and g2 is the stage during which the metabolism is set up for mitosis.
Which mitotic phase lasts the shortest?The sister chromatids separate and the chromosomes start to move to the opposing ends of the cell during anaphase, the shortest stage of mitosis. By the end of anaphase, the cell's two halves have an equal number of chromosomes. Daughter nuclei arise in two during telophase.
What sequence are the four interphase stages in?G1 phase (cell growth) is followed by S phase (DNA synthesis), which is then followed by G2 phase during interphase (cell growth). Interphase is followed by the mitotic phase, which entails mitosis and cytokinesis and results in the formation of two daughter cells.
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Beginning with Earth, make a claim about the structure of the universe.
Summarize evidence to support your claim, and explain your reasoning
It now seems that the cosmos came into being at a moment in time around 14 billion years ago. The cosmic microwave background, universal expansion, and the abundance of light elements are the three sources of evidence supporting the genesis of this event.
Which facts back up the universe's expansion?The universe's limited age was first seen and supported by Edwin Hubble in 1929. He found that the further a galaxy is from us, the quicker it appears to be fading into space using the greatest telescope available at the time. By extension, this proves that the cosmos is expanding consistently in all directions.
The Big Bang, a space-exploding event, is how our universe got its start. Space expanded, the cosmos cooled, and the most basic elements emerged from a state of very high density and warmth. To create the earliest stars and galaxies, gravity progressively pulled stuff together.
For a long time, gas was the only material used. Mostly hydrogen and helium, this gas expanded and cooled.
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Patrick offered a house for sale to Peter, who agreed to buy at the stated price. Peter was however under the impression that the land on which it stood was a part the deal. Patrick gave peter the title deed for the house but not the land. Peter took Patrick to court. what was likely outcome of the case???????
Answer: it depends on what was on the contract for the sale peter should've asked Patrick if the land was included if Patrick didn't have it put in the contract for the land to also be sold then peter waisted his time and money
Explanation:
which sequence of animals represents the evolution of animal respiratory systems?which sequence of animals represents the evolution of animal respiratory systems?bird, lizard, salamander, fishfish, lizard, salamander, birdsalamander, lizard, fish, birdfish, salamander, lizard, birdlizard, fish, bird, salamander
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not all members are equal in their ability to survive and reproduce in a what? A. Community, B. Ecosystem, C. Organism, D. populations
Not all members are equal in their ability to survive and reproduce in a population. Option D.
What is a population?A population is defined as the total number of organisms of the space species living in a particular at a specific period.
A population of 2 or more different species of organisms living and interacting together is known as a community. Two or more communities interacting with themselves and the non-living components of their environment constitute what is known as the ecosystem.
Thus, in order to make a logical comparison, organisms must be of the same species in the same population. There is always competition for resources among organisms of the same species. This competition is known as an intra-species competition.
Also, organisms of the same species within the same population differ in their reproductive capacity and ability to survive. Thus, natural selection selects the best individuals to survive and reproduce. Natural selection acts on populations.
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According to the central dogma, double-stranded dna serves as the template for the production of rna during transcription. Which of the two dna strands serves as the template for transcription?.
The DNA chain that acts as the concrete for transcription is sense.
What is DNA sense?
DNA Sense is a DNA strand with a 5′ → 3′ direction that has the same nitrogen base sequence as mRNA (except T is replaced by U). Because these strands have the same sequence as mRNA, they are referred to as coding.
While Antisense DNA is a DNA strand with a direction of 3′ → 5′ or is called a negative strand (-). This strand plays a role in transcription to form mRNA so this strand is called a template. The 3′ → 5′ direction is based on this DNA strand during the transcription process by the RNA Polymerase enzyme.
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How are humans involved in both of the carbon and oxygen cycles.
-7th grade science
Answer:
Human activities have a tremendous impact on the carbon cycle. Burning fossil fuels, changing land use, and using limestone to make concrete all transfer significant quantities of carbon into the atmosphere
Explanation:
which type of muscle would you expect to be guarding the opening between the stomach and the small intestine?
The muscle that guards the gap between the stomach and small intestine is known as a sphincter or circular muscle.
What is the function of smooth muscle?In the cardiovascular system, smooth muscle is utilized in vessels to control blood pressure and flow; in the lungs, it opens and closes airways; in the gastrointestinal system, it contributes to motility and nutrition absorption; and yet it still has functions in nearly every other organ system.
Your digestive tract is made up of what kind of muscle?The uterus, the digestive tract, and blood veins like arteries are just a few of the interior tissues that contain smooth muscle. Wave-like contractions occur down the length of the structure's smooth muscle, which is structured in stacked sheets.
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The adrenal medulla is different from the remainder of the sympathetic division because __________.
The adrenal medulla is different from the remainder of the sympathetic division because it secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, which act as hormones, rather than as neurotransmitters.
The correct option is c.
The inner portion of an adrenal gland called the adrenal medulla regulates the hormones that start the flight or fight response. Both epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which have comparable roles, are the primary hormones released by the adrenal medulla.
Preganglionic sympathetic fibres stimulate the adrenal medulla, triggering the release of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. The fight-or-flight reaction, fear, mental stress, upright posture, pain, cold, hypotension, hypoglycemia, and other stressors all enhance sympathetic neuronal output.
The complete question is:
The adrenal medulla is different from the remainder of the sympathetic division because __________.
a. postganglionic neurons of the adrenal medulla secrete acetylcholine
b. it has short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers
c. it secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, which act as hormones, rather than as neurotransmitters
d. it is the only structure of the sympathetic division whose preganglionic cell bodies are not in the lateral horns of the spinal
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which of the following statements about telomeres is true? group of answer choices without the replication of telomeres by the enzyme telomerase, linear chromosomes would gradually get longer with each round of replication. telomeres are specialized structures that are found at the ends of prokaryotic chromosomes. telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes from nucleases and help maintain the integrity of linear chromosomes. telomeres are composed of a long dna sequence that is repeated twice.
The correct answer is telomerase protects the ends of chromosomes from nucleases and helps in maintaining the integrity of linear chromosomes.
What is telomerase?
It is an enzyme present in eukaryotes that repairs the telomeres of the chromosome so that they do not become progressively shorter during chromosome replication.
It is the enzyme responsible for the addition of guanine-rich repetitive sequences. Its activity is exhibited in gametes and stem and tumor cells.
Telomerase protects the ends of chromosomes by binding at an RNA molecule that contains a sequence complementary to the telomeric repeat.
Let us discuss other statements:
Without the replication of telomeres, it becomes too short and chromosomes reach a critical length and can no longer be replicated so the cell dies.Telomeres are found at the ends of the chromosome of only eukaryotic organisms.Telomeres are composed of repetitive sequences of six base pairs, TTAGG. With each cell division, some of the telomeres are lost. But the number of times that mostly dividing cells can divide is limited.Hence telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes from becoming frayed or tangled by adding repeats to the end of the chromosome.
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all plant life cycles consist of an alternation of generations. what is the haploid stage of a plant life cycle called?
The multicellular haploid gametophyte (from the Greek phyton, "plant") produces gametes. A multicellular diploid sporophyte is created through fertilization, and through meiosis, it creates haploid spores. A haplodiplontic life cycle is the name given to this sort of life cycle.
As a result of the alternation of generations, plants alternate between two distinct life stages, or generations, throughout their life cycle: the haploid gametophyte stage and the diploid sporophyte stage. The terms haploid and diploid describe how many chromosomes each cell has.
The haploid (n) stage of the alternation of generations life cycle is known as the gametophyte stage. Because it will produce gametes, or sex cells, the gametophyte stage can also be viewed as the sexual stage. There is only one set on this stage of chromosome.
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The main function of prop roots in mangroves is to
A. aerate the plant
B. produce and store food
C. keep mangroves upright
D. absorb water far below the earth
you are infected with a pathogen; it is your first exposure to this pathogen. the first antibody types that will eventually appear in your blood to help fight this infection will be: a. iga b. igd c. ige d. igg e. igm
Igm the first antibody types that will eventually appear in your blood to help fight this infection.
What does the medical term IgM mean?Inflammatory globulin M (IgM): This is the initial antibody the body produces to combat a new infection, and it is primarily found in blood and lymph fluid. IgE, or immune globulin E: Typically present in blood in trace levels. Increased levels may occur when the body overreacts to allergens or is battling a parasitic infection.
Why is IgM positivity significant?When a virus infects, the immune system often produces IgM as the initial antibody. An IgM test that is positive suggests that you may have just been exposed to an infection, had a vaccination, and your immune system is now responding to the vaccine.
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We have learned that when the cell loses control of cellular division, cancer can be the result. We know that there are several risk factors for cancer. In this discussion, describe which of those risk factors are significant for you? What steps could you take could reduce that risk?
Risk factors are significant for the prevention of cancer because there are environmental factors such as diet or UV sunlight exposure which we need to control in order to reduce cancer risks.
What is cancer?Cancer is a multifactorial disease associated with the uncontrolled proliferation of certain cell types, which may be triggered by genetic factors (mutations) and environmental factors such as exposure to physical-chemical agents (e.g., UV light exposure).
Therefore, with this data, we can see that cancer risks may be decreased due to the establishment of healthy habits such as avoiding exposure to UV light.
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you are a cat breeder who suspects that the genes controlling paw color and fur length are linked, with white paws and short fur being dominant. to test this, you have developed a pure-breeding line of white pawed, short fur cats, and another pure-breeding line of dark pawed, long fur cats. what cross should you do to test whether the genes are linked?
Cross the two pure-breeding lines together to form a dihybrid individual. Then test cross this individual to the dark pawed, long fur cat.
Animal breeding is a branch of animal science that addresses the assessment of the genetic fee of cattle. Choosing for breeding animals with superior EBV in growth price, egg, meat, milk, or wool manufacturing, or with different acceptable developments has revolutionized cattle manufacturing all through the entire global.
Animal breeding performs an vital part in progressing animal production systems, from traditional to organics. By means of improving the skills of animals for certain tendencies whole populations may be better, creating blessings for farmers, customers, and the surroundings.
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this or that? select whether the listed disease characteristic is associated with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both conditions.
Both chronic bronchitis and emphysema comes under COPD i.e, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Airflow from the lungs becomes restricted due to the chronic inflammatory lung illness known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The signs and symptoms include wheezing, coughing up mucus (sputum), and difficulty breathing.
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes' lining, which transport air to and from the lungs' air sacs (alveoli), characterizes chronic bronchitis. Daily coughing and mucus (sputum) production are its defining symptoms.
Emphysema is a disorder when the alveoli at the end of the lungs' tiniest air tubes, or bronchioles, are destroyed due to harmful exposure to cigarette smoke and other irritating chemicals and particulate matter.
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A scientist discovered a new organism. she found that the cells have membrane-bound organelles, an irregular shape, and increase in size by dividing. what type of organism did she most likely discover?
A scientist discovered a new organism and found that cells have membrane-bound organelles, irregular shape, and increase in size by dividing. Type of organism that she most likely discovered is : animal cells.
What is an animal cell?Animal cells lack rigidity, therefore they have round and irregular shapes whereas cell wall of plant is made of cellulose that gives plant cells rigidity and a fixed rectangular shape.
Animal cells are type of the eukaryotic cell that enclosed by a plasma membrane and having a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. Animal cells do not have a cell wall, unlike eukaryotic cells of plants and fungi,
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erwin chargaff observed that the proportions of adenine (a) and thymine (t) bases were always equal, as were the proportion of guanine (g) and cytosine (c). how does that make sense with watson and crick's model of dna?
The observation of Erwin Chargaff make sense with that of the Watson and Crick's model as in the model of DNA, Adenine base pairs with Thymine and Guanine base pairs with Cytosine. Therefore, the numbers of adenine and thymine are equal and also of guanine and cytosine.
DNA is the most prevalent form of genetic material as it is more stable. The nucleic acid consists of deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous bases and phosphate group. Sugar and phosphate are arranged alternatively and form the backbone. The structure of DNA is double stranded.
Thymine is one of the bases of DNA. It is different from the others because it is present only in DNA and not in RNA. It base pairs with adenine using 2 hydrogen bonds.
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in a certain fish, fin rays (supporting structures for the fins) can be either bony or soft in adult fish. linkage in a fish is similar to that in humans. what evidence would most strongly support the idea that the ray locus is on the x chromosome?
Mating of soft ray males and bony ray females give different results from the mating of bony ray males and soft ray females.
What are fin rays?
Each of the long, narrow bony protuberances that most bony fishes use to support their fins.
What is linkage?
Sex-linked traits or qualities are those that are impacted by genes found on the sex chromosomes, as related to genetics. Because the X chromosome has many more genes than the smaller Y chromosome, the word is frequently used to describe features or illnesses that are caused by genes on the X chromosome in humans.
Therefore, from the above explanation suggests that ray locus is on the X chromosomes.
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happens when humans greatly accelerate the input of plant nutrients to a lake. group of answer choices cultural eutrophication erosion popular eutrophication oligotrophic water pollution
Cultural eutrophication happens when humans greatly accelerate the input of plant nutrients to a lake.
Human activities can significantly speed up the inflow of plant nutrients into a lake when it’s close to an urban or agricultural region, a process referred to as cultural eutrophication.
What about eutrophication?The natural action of eutrophication is brought on by the buildup of nutrients in lakes and other bodies of water. Nutrient-feeding algae develop to become ugly on the water's surface, reducing its value for enjoyment and blocking water intake pipes. The process of eutrophication, which happens when the environment becomes enriched with nutrients, increases the number of plant and algae development in estuaries and coastal waters, is what causes harmful algal blooms, dead zones, and fish kills. Since eutrophication frequently results in the degradation of water quality and the reduction of dissolved oxygen in water bodies, it’s seen as a severe environmental concern. Eutrophic waters have the potential to eventually become"dead zones" that cannot sustain life. Cultural eutrophication has been linked to hypoxia, blue-green algal blooms, polluted beverage sources, and a decline in recreational options. A process referred to as eutrophication is brought on by an excess of nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, in water. Algae thrive, spread, and color the water green as a result of feeding on the nutrients. Eutrophication are often reduced by controlling the nutrient sources, curtailing fertilizer use, using good soil management techniques, putting mathematical models to use, adopting phytoremediation, etc. Among these, raising general knowledge of eutrophication can help prevent it from happening to water bodies.Learn more about eutrophication here:
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once a neurotransmitter has done its job it is pulled back into the terminal buttons. this process is termed:
Neurotransmitters can either be deactivated by enzymes or reuptake, a type of chemical recycling, can reabsorb them from the terminal button.
What occurs once a neurotransmitter has completed its task?After finishing its task, a neurotransmitter can either be destroyed or reabsorbed. After serving as a chemical messenger, a neurotransmitter is either eliminated by an enzyme like monoamine oxidase or it is reabsorbed by the neuron that produced it, as Julius Axelrod discovered.
The process of a neurotransmitter being reabsorbed by the terminal button is known as?Once a neurotransmitter has completed its job of conveying a neuronal impulse, it is reabsorb able by a neurotransmitter transporter found along the plasma membrane of an axon terminal or glial cell.
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According to Table 3 and your pictures, which is better able to absorb enough
nutrients to supply its total volume, a small cell or a large cell? Explain.
Smaller single-celled organisms have a high surface-to-volume ratio, allowing them to survive by relying on waste disposal and oxygen diffusion. If the items have a higher surface area to volume ratio, this technique may work better.
Why is the size of the cell advantageously small?Because cells are so tiny, they may optimise their surface area to volume ratio. More molecules and ions can pass the cell membrane per unit of cytoplasmic volume in smaller cells due to their greater ratio. The reason why cells are so little is so that they can swiftly take in nutrition and expel waste.
The volume to surface area ratio is more favourable for material exchange with the environment via diffusion in smaller cells. Volume controls how much enters and exits the cell, whereas surface area controls the pace at which nutrients are taken in or eliminated.
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Which of the components bond directly with cytosine in a section double stranded DNA?
Answer:
Double Helix
Attached to each sugar is one of four bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) or thymine (T). The two strands are connected by chemical bonds between the bases: adenine bonds with thymine, and cytosine bonds with guanine.
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between pairs of bases: adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.
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the process of obtaining energy from food and storing it in cells is an example of catabolism
cells in the adrenal gland produce the hormone epinephrine and store it in vesicles. to release epinephrine these vesicles are carried to the plasma membrane and fuse with it. what process is occurring?
Exocytosis is the process by which cells transport components into the extracellular fluid from within the cell.
What is the endocytosis procedure?A broad term for the process by which cells take in outside material by enveloping it with their membrane is endocytosis. Pinocytosis and phagocytosis are typically used as subcategories of endocytosis.
What makes endocytosis and exocytosis different from one another?Endocytosis is the process by which a material or particle from the outside of the cell is taken in by the cell membrane and brought inside. Vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the exterior of the cell is referred to as exocytosis.
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the lymphatic system does all of the following except a) helps maintain normal blood volume. b) transports gases to and away from lymph nodes. c) eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid. d) transports lipids from the digestive tract. e) fights infection.
The lymphatic system does all of the following except "transports gases to and away from lymph nodes".
Additionally, the lymphatic system controls immune responses including delivering pathogens, foreign antigens, particles, exosomes, and immune cells to local lymph nodes but also lymphoid tissues (3). Immune responses are regulated both actively and passively on a variety of levels.
The body's lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, lymph veins, and other organs that assist fight infection, reduce fluid accumulation in tissues, as well as maintain appropriate blood volume blood volume or blood pressure.
Therefore, the correct answer will be option (b)
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erythroblastosis fetalis is defined as an: a. autosomal dominant hereditary disease. b. allergic disease in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible. c. alloimmune disease in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible. d. autoimmune disease in immature nucleated cells that are released into the bloodstream
Erythroblastosis fetalis is defined as an alloimmune disease in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible.
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), additionally referred to as alloimmune HDFN or erythroblastosis fetalis, is resulting from the destruction of crimson blood cells (RBCs) of the neonate or fetus through maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies.
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PLSSS HELP IF YOU TURLY KNOW THISS
Answer: D a balance system
Explanation: even though they can go through many different changes both over short and long periods of time, when uninterrupted they usually evolve and change for the better.
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how can the nonrecombining part of the y chromosome help researchers trace the origins of modern humans
NYR i.e the non recombinating part of y chromosome enables researchers to identify the most recent common ancestor for the chromosome.
The Y chromosome makes up over 2% of all DNA in cells and spans more than 59 million base pairs, the basic unit of DNA.
Because the Y chromosome is only passed down from the father, it is frequently used in genealogy to track the male ancestry.
Every person with a Y chromosome is connected to everyone else through an XY ancestor who (presumably) lived roughly 300,000 years ago.
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