The radioactive half-life of a material is the time for both of these. Option C.
The half-life of a radioisotope is the time it takes for half of the radioisotope to decay. Certain radioisotopes have a constant half-life. It is unaffected by conditions and is independent of the initial amount of its isotope. Half-life is the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms of a particular radionuclide to decay.
As a rule of thumb after 7 half-lives, the radiation dose is less than 1% of the original dose. The half-life is then determined from the basic definition of radioactivity as the product of the decay constant λ of the radionuclide and the number of radioactive atoms N present. Half-life is defined as The time required for half of an existing radioactive nucleus to decay. That's what it means to have a short half-life. Activity declines rapidly because many nuclei decay in a short time.
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how would you observe the spectra of elements with higher ionization energies such as hydrogen or helium?
If a hydrogen atom could have any value of energy, then a continuous spectrum would have been observed, similar to blackbody radiation.
What is ionization energy ?
Ionization energy (also called ionization potential) is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule in chemistry and physics. There is an ionization energy for each successively removed electron. However, the ionization energy associated with the removal of the first (most loosely held) electron is most commonly used.
The ionization energy of a chemical element, expressed in joules or electron volts, is usually measured in a discharge tube in which rapidly moving electrons produced by an electric current collide with gas atoms of the element, releasing one of them. will be electronic.
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1.00 L aqueous solution containe nod 5.80 g of sodium hydroxide, NaOH. What was the pH of the solution at 25°C? (Hint: strong acid and strong base titration, use limiting reactant)
The pH of the solution is 13.16.
What is the pH of the base?We know that the pH has to do with the concertation of the hydrogen ions that we have in the solution. We have to first obtain the concentration of the hydroxide ions and then use that to obtain the pH of the solution accordingly.
Number of moles of NaOH = 5.80 g/40 g/mol = 0.145 moles
Concentration of the solution = 0.145 moles/1 L = 0.145 M
pOH = - log( 0.145 M)
= 0.84
pH = 14 - 0.84
= 13.16
We can get the pH of the solution as 13.16.
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what two characteristics of liquid liquid oxygen contradict predictions from the valence bond theory that are explained by the molecular orbital theory
Two characteristics of liquid oxygen contradict predictions from the valence bond theory that are explained by the molecular orbital theory are:
1) Pale blue color
2) Para-magnetism
The valence bond theory is not able to explain the para magnetic behavior of the oxygen that give pale blue color. This is explained by molecular orbital theory.
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2. what characteristic must the solvents in a liquid-liquid extraction solvent system share with one another?
In solvent extraction, we use two solvents. The important characteristic of extracting solvent is it should be immiscible with the second solvent.
What is solvent extraction and why is it important?
Solvent extraction also called liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids.The main purpose of solvent extraction is to isolate hazardous materials from the sediments and sludge or separate the useful components from debris.What are immiscible liquids?
Immiscible liquids are those which won't mix to give a single phase.
Oil and water are examples of immiscible liquids.
Thus, in liquid-liquid extraction, the two solvents should be immiscible with each other.
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what is the molarity of a solution that contains 50.0 grams of sodium hydroxide, naoh, in 855 ml of solution?
Fe(s) + O2(g) →Fe₂O3(s)
Answer:
4Fe(s) + 3O₂(g) = 2Fe₂O₃(s)
I do not understand and need help with an explanation please
The heat of combustion for the unknown hydrocarbon when1 mole of an unknown hydrocarbon is burned in a bomb calorimeter and the Calorimeter increases in temperature by 12.19°C is -611.26kJ/mol
What is a bomb calorimeter?A device that is mostly used to measure combustion temperatures. The reaction occurs in a sealed area known as the calorimeter proper, in constant thermal contact with its surroundings (the jacket).
To calculate the heat of combustion we follow the given steps:
Heat released by the combustion =Cp×ΔT=1.929×12.19 kJ=23.51 kJ
Hence, ΔH=−23.51 kJ/g
A unknown hydrocarbon has an empirical formula of CH and a molar mass of 26 g/mol.
So, ΔH combustion=−23.51×26g /mol=−611.26kJ/mol
Hence, ΔH combustion=−15.6×180 kJ/mol=−611.26kJ/mol
ΔH combustion=−611.26kJ/mol
Hence, the heat of combustion for the unknown hydrocarbon when1 mole of an unknown hydrocarbon is burned in a bomb calorimeter and the Calorimeter increases in temperature by 12.19°C is -611.26kJ/mol
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. if you had a sample of pure polymer, what types of intermolecular forces (imfs) exist between the molecules? (mark all that apply, filling in the bubbles completely!)
Whether they are polar or nonpolar, all molecules exhibit dispersion forces. Atoms and molecules that are bigger and heavier show larger dispersion forces than those that are smaller and lighter.
Look for the molecule with the most polarity, the most electronegative atoms, or the most hydrogen bonding groups if the molecules have identical molar weights and similar intermolecular forces. That one will have the overall stronger IMFs.
Each pair of molecules is as identical as possible except for the fact that one is polar and the other is nonpolar. The polar substance always has the higher boiling point, which denotes stronger attraction forces, or stronger intermolecular forces, between individual molecules.
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what masses of bromoacetic acid (ch2brcooh) and sodium bromoacetate (ch2brcooh) are needed to prepare 1.00 l of ph
amount of bromoacetic acid = 22.2 grams
amountof sodium bromoacetate = 6.47 grams
Total concentration = 0.200 M
[CH2BrCOOH] + [CH2BrCOONa] = 0.200 M ...(1)
Ka = 2.00 x 10-3
pKa = -log(Ka)
pKa = -log(2.00 x 10-3)
pKa = 2.70
According to Henderson - Hasselbalch equation,
pH = pKa + log([conjugate base] / [weak acid])
2.100 = 2.70 + log([CH2BrCOONa] / [CH2BrCOOH])
log([CH2BrCOONa] / [CH2BrCOOH]) = 2.100 - 2.70
log([CH2BrCOONa] / [CH2BrCOOH]) = -0.60
[CH2BrCOONa] / [CH2BrCOOH] = 10-0.60
[CH2BrCOONa] / [CH2BrCOOH] = 0.252 ...(2)
Solving equations (1) and (2)
[CH2BrCOOH] = 0.160 M
[CH2BrCOONa] = 0.040 M
moles CH2BrCOONa = (molarity CH2BrCOONa) * (volume of buffer in Liter)
moles CH2BrCOONa = (0.040 M) * (1.00 L)
moles CH2BrCOONa = 0.040 mol
mass CH2BrCOONa = (moles CH2BrCOONa) * (molar mass CH2BrCOONa)
mass CH2BrCOONa = (0.040 mol) * (160.93 g/mol)
mass CH2BrCOONa = 6.47 g
moles CH2BrCOOH = (molarity CH2BrCOOH) * (volume of buffer in Liter)
moles CH2BrCOOH = (0.160 M) * (1.00 L)
moles CH2BrCOOH = 0.160 mol
mass CH2BrCOOH = (moles CH2BrCOOH) * (molar mass CH2BrCOOH)
mass CH2BrCOOH = (0.160 mol) * (138.95 g/mol)
mass CH2BrCOONa = 22.2 g
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Why didn't some scientists agree with Newlands 'Law of Octaves'
The reason that some scientists did not agree with Newlands 'Law of Octaves' was Because so many new elements were still being found and could not be included in the table, many scientists did not agree with Newland's law of octaves.
Why did other scientists reject Newlands' claims?He placed sulfur (S) and oxygen (O), two non-metals, in the same group as iron (Fe), a metal, as an illustration. His table was rejected by other scientists as a result.
Additionally, not all of the elements in his octaves shared the same characteristics. For instance, in the seventh octave, O (Oxygen, a non-metal), and Fe (Iron a metal).
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during secondary active transport the movement of one susbtance down it's electronchemical gradient provides the force to move antoher substance up. both substances move in the same diection the mechanism is referered to as
During secondary active transport the movement of one substances down it's electrochemical gradient provides the force to move another substance up. both substances move in the same direction the mechanism is referred to as symport.
The secondary active transport the movement of one substances . the movement depends on the two types : symport and the antiport. An antiport is the substance move in opposite direction in symport the substance move in same direction
Thus, During secondary active transport the movement of one substances down it's electrochemical gradient provides the force to move another substance up. both substances move in the same direction the mechanism is referred to as symport.
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if the dehydration reaction of an alcohol is successful, what changes would be seen in the ir spectrum for the product compared to the starting material? select one or more: the addition of a c-c double bond band in the product the disappearance of a c-o band from the starting material the addition of sp3 c-h bands in the product the disappearance of an o-h band from the starting material
If the dehydration reaction of an alcohol is successful, the disappearance of an O-H and C-O band from the starting material.
Distinct varieties of alcohols may also dehydrate through a slightly specific mechanism pathway. However, the general idea in the back of every dehydration reaction is that the –OH organization inside the alcohol donates two electrons to H+ from the acid reagent, forming an alkyloxonium ion.
Alcohol dehydration via elimination of water is imperative to a chain of functional group interconversions which have been proposed as a reaction pathway that connects hydrocarbons and carboxylic acids underneath geochemically applicable hydrothermal conditions including in sedimentary basins.
During dehydration synthesis, either the hydrogen of one monomer combines with the hydroxyl group of some other monomer freeing a molecule of water, or two hydrogens from one monomer integrate with one oxygen from the other monomer freeing a molecule of water.
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how does the frequency of light affects the color of an object?science
The frequency of light affects the color of an object by an increase bringing about a change from red to orange to yellow etc.
What is Frequency?This is used to refer to the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time and the unit is hertz.
As the frequency increases the color changes which is because colors such as red have the lowest frequency while violet has the highest frequency. As the frequency changes, there is also a corresponding change in the color and the one perceived by the eyes is in its appropriate range.
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what option defines solute? responses the substance in a solution that neither has a positive charge nor a negative charge the substance in a solution that neither has a positive charge nor a negative charge the substance in a solution that has both positive charges and negative charges the substance in a solution that has both positive charges and negative charges the substance in a solution that dissolves another substance the substance in a solution that dissolves another substance, , the substance in a solution that has been dissolved
Solute is the substance in a solution that has been dissolved. So option 4 is correct.
What is a solute?A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance known as a solvent. The concentration of a solute in solution is a measure of how well that solute is dissolved in a solvent, in terms of how much of that solvent, such as a salt, is present. The properties of solutes are:
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.Solute particles in solution are not visible to the bare eye.Solution does not scatter light.Solution is stable. Solutes cannot be filtered (or mechanically) separated from solutions.It is composed of only one phase.To know more about solutes visit:
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how to Calculate the molar heat capacity of iron in J • mol-1 • °C-1 . Its specific heat capacity is 0.4498 J • g-1 • °C-1
Based on the given specific heat capacity of iron, the molar heat capacity of iron =is 25.18 J/mol/°C.
What is the molar heat capacity of a substance?The molar heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mole of that substance by one degree.
The molar heat capacity is given by the formula below:
Molar heat capacity = heat change/mole of substance * temperature changeGiven the specific heat capacity of a substance, the molar heat capacity is obtained as follows
Molar heat capacity = specific heat capacity * molar mass
specific heat capacity of iron = 0.4498 J/g/°C
the molar mass of iron = 56 g/mol
Molar heat capacity of iron = 0.4498 J/g/°C * 56 g/mol
Molar heat capacity of iron = 25.18 J/mol/°C
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The best term to use to describe turning from a liquid to a gas is ____________.
Answer:vaporization
Explanation:
What is a solubility curve and what does it measure?
Answer:
a thing that does things
Explanation:
I need help with question 11
Nucleus 2: ¹⁸₈F
Nucleus 4: ¹⁹₈F
(Isotopic notation are similar as nuclear notation, or the atomic mass, symbol, and atomic number.)
Question 1: (answer in place of item 15)
Use what you know about valence structure to predict how chlorine will bond with Silicon.
Extra Credit: What shape do you predict this molecule will take?
Question 2:(answer in place of item 16)
In a chemical reaction explain 2 things that are always the same on the reactant and product side and one thing that might change in the course of the reaction.
Question 3:(answer in place of item 17)
Use what you know about electronegativity to predict the relative strength of the bond between CaO (Calcium Oxide) and NiO (Nickel II Oxide).
Question 4:(answer in place of item 18)
Balance: NO + H2O → NH3 + O2
List the amounts of Nitrous Oxide, Water, Ammonia, and Oxygen in the balanced equation.
Question 5:(answer in place of item 19)
Titration reveals that 14.0 mL of 2.0 M sulfuric acid are required to neutralize the sodium hydroxide in 25.00 mL of NaOH solution. What is the molarity of the NaOH solution?
H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → 2H2O(l) + Na2SO4(aq)
1)The bond between silicon and chlorine will be covalent bond.
2) The mass and amount of atoms are same . bonds between atom will change.
3) the balanced reaction is :
4NO + 6H₂O ----> 4NH₃ + 5O₂
1) The valence electron in silicon is 4 and the valance electron in chlorine is 7 . there is not much difference in their electronegativity . so, they do not form ionic bond they will form covalent bond.
2) In a chemical reaction the 2 things that are always same is the amount of atoms and the mass . the one thing that will change is the bonding between the atoms.
3) the reaction is :
NO + H₂O ----> NH₃ + O₂
reactants products
N 1 1
O 2 2
H 2 3
hydrogen is not balanced . so multipy 3 in H₂O and 2 in NH₃ and 2 in NO 5/2 in O₂
2NO + 3H₂O ----> 2NH₃ + 5/2O₂
now the reaction is balance . to make it whole number multiply thae whole equation with 2, we get:
4NO + 6H₂O ----> 4NH₃ + 5O₂
Thus, 1)The bond between silicon and chlorine will be covalent bond.
2) The mass and amount of atoms are same . bonds between atom will change.
3) the balanced reaction is :
4NO + 6H₂O ----> 4NH₃ + 5O₂
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Why is group IIA elements called alkali earth metals??
Answer:
Explanation:
As alkali is a base and it produce OH- when disolved in water. So we can say that they are called "alkaline" earth metals because they form "alkaline" solutions, hydroxides, when they react with water . "Earth" was the alchemists term for the oxides of alkaline earth metals.
Which statement describes the process of cellular respiration?
Responses
A. It takes place in plant cells and involves chemical reactions with carbon dioxide, water, and energy from the sun to produce sugars.
B. It takes place only in animal cells and involves chemical reactions with oxygen and releases stored energy.
C. It takes place in plant and animal cells and involves the division of cells.
D. It takes place in plant and animal cells and involves chemical reactions with oxygen to release stored energy.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
physical properties of matter ability to be stretched into a wire without breaking
Ductility is the physical property of matter which indicates ability to be stretched into a wire without breaking.
Due to its physical attribute of ductility, metal will stretch as opposed to breaking when pulled. In other words, a material's ductile qualities are its capacity to experience significant plastic deformation under tensile stress prior to rapture. Nickel, copper, steel, and other ductile materials are examples.
Brittleness is the property of metals that accounts for their breaking under tensile stress without producing stretch. Another name for it is abrupt failure. Glass, iron, and other fragile materials are examples.
The ability of a material to absorb mechanical overload is determined by its ductility, which is a crucial factor in engineering and manufacturing.
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in an experiment, 4.14 g of phosphorus combined with chlorine to produce 27.8 g of a white solid compound. (a) what is the empirical formula of the compound? (b) assuming that the empirical and molecular formulas of the compound are the same, what is its name?
PCL₅ is the empirical formula of the compound.
Phosphorous pentachloride is it's if empirical formula and molecular formula are assumed to be the same.
Empirical formula is the lowest relative ratios of atoms that are present in a molecule or compound. It shows the simplest ratio and not the actual number of atoms hence should not be confused with molecular formula.
quantity of phosphorus : 4.14g
quantity of white compound after combining with chlorine : 27.8g
therefore quantity of chlorine = 27.8g - 4.14g => 23.66g
Molecular weight of Phosphorus: 30.97g
Molecular weight of Chlorine: 35.45g
For no. of moles= given weight / molecular weight
Moles of phosphorus= 4.14g / 30.97 => 0.1337 moles
Moles of Chlorine= 23.66g / 35.45 => 0.6674 moles
For empirical formula, we divide with the smaller entity i.e. 0.1337
Phosphorus: 0.1337 / 0.1337 => 1
Chlorine: 0.6647 / 0.1337 => 5
hence the empirical formula is PCL₅
Name of the compound : Phosphorus pentachloride
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What is the reaction for this equation? FeClz +
Na3PO4 →
Fe3(PO4)2
+
NaCl
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction FeCl2 + Na3PO4 -----> Fe3(PO4)2 + NaCl is 3FeCl2 + 2Na3PO4 ------> 6NaCl + Fe3(PO4)2.
What is a balanced chemical equation?
Balanced chemical equation is the equation of a reaction in which both reactant and product sides are equal in the number of atoms or molecules. The total charges on both the sides should be equal.
The given reaction can be made into balanced chemical equation by counting the number of atoms on both the sides. If the atoms of a particular element is less on either sides then multiply the whole molecule by a number which balances the number of atoms on the either sides of the reaction.
Therefore, the balanced chemical equation of FeCl2 + Na3PO4 -----> Fe3(PO4)2 + NaCl can be written as 3FeCl2 + 2Na3PO4 ------> 6NaCl + Fe3(PO4)2.
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what is tyhe molarity of a solutionm containing 104.2 grams of bacl2 in enough water to make 800 ml of solution
The molarity of a solution containing 104.2 grams of BaCl2 in enough water to make 800 ml of solution is 0.625mol/L.
What is molarity?
Molarity is one of the measures of the concentration in terms of the number of moles of the solute dissolved in particular volume of the solution.
Molarity of BaCl2 can be calculated by,
Molecular mass of BaCl2 is 208.23gmol^-1
Number of moles = mass / molecular mass = 104.2g / 208.23gmol^-1 = 0.50mol.
Molarity = Number of moles / volume = 0.50mol / 0.8L = 0.625mol/L.
Therefore, molarity of a solution containing 104.2 grams of BaCl2 in enough water to make 800 ml of solution is 0.625mol/L.
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Which of the following descriptions apply to valence electrons?
Select all that apply.
They are electrons in the highest occupied principal energy level of an atom.
They participate in chemical bonds.
They do not determine how reactive an atom will be.
They must always be paired with another electron.
They were electrons in an atom's greatest primary energy level, which is occupied. In chemical bonds, they take part.
How do chemical bonds work?Atoms in molecules are held together by chemical bonds. Electrostatic forces between negatively charged electrons and positively charged atomic nuclei, whose locations in space are governed by quantum mechanics, give rise to bonds.
What makes chemical bonds so crucial?One of the most fundamental principles of chemistry, chemical bonding helps to explain other ideas like molecules and reactions. Without it, scientists would be unable to explain why atoms are drawn to one another or how products are created during a chemical process.
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7. What is the coefficient for phosphoric acid when the equation below is balanced?
KOH(aq) + H₂PO4(ag) → K3PO4(ag) + H₂O(1)
4
2
3
1
KOH(aq) + H3PO4(ag) → K3PO4(ag) + H₂O
the coefficient of the phosphoric acid from the above equation was 1
Explain about phosphoric acid ?
Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid, or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colourless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid and inorganic substance having the chemical formula H3PO4. It is most usually seen as an 85% aqueous solution, which is a colourless, odourless, non-volatile syrupy liquid. It is an important industrial chemical that is found in many fertilisers.
The compound is an acid. The phosphate ion PO 34 is formed when all three H+ ions are removed. The removal of one or two protons yields the dihydrogen phosphate ion H2PO - 4 and the hydrogen phosphate ion HPO 2 4, respectively. Phosphoric acid creates esters known as organophosphates.
The term "orthophosphoric acid" can be used to distinguish this acid from other "phosphoric acids," such as pyrophosphoric acid. Nonetheless, the word "phosphoric acid" refers to this particular molecule.
the balanced equation was
3 KOH(aq) + H₂PO4(ag) → K3PO4(ag) + 3 H₂O(1)
so the coeffecient of the phosphoric acid was 1
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a 0.2046 g sample of a diprotic acid of the general formula h2a required 18.55 ml of a 0.1040 m naoh solution to neutralize it in an acid-base titration. what is the molar mass of the diprotic acid?
The molar mass of the diprotic acid is 212 grams/mol.
Perimeter
Mass of a diprotic acid = m₂ = 0.2046 gThe general formula H₂A Volume of NaOH = V₁ = 18.55 mL = 0.01855 LMolarity of NaOH = M₁ = 0.1040 MCalculate the mole of a diprotic acid
n NaOH = M₁ × V₁Calculate the molar mass
[tex]n_2 = \frac{m_2}{M_2}[/tex]
[tex]M_2 = \frac{m_2}{n_2}[/tex]
[tex]M_2 = \frac{0.2046}{0.0009646}[/tex]
M₂ = 212 g/mol
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Gneiss is formed. The mineral grains in granite are flattened under pressure. Tell which event would occur first
When the mineral grains flatten and align in parallel bands, a type of metamorphic rock called gneiss is created. It is a rock with mineral grains made up of a variety of minerals.
such as graphite and quartz. High pressure and heat are used to form it. One popular and often found category of metamorphic rock is gneiss. It is created by igneous or sedimentary rock formations that have undergone metamorphic processes at high temperatures and pressure. In contrast to schist, gneiss forms at higher temperatures and pressures.
Compounds found only in living things are typically not considered minerals according to geological definitions. But other mineral grains, like calcite, are frequently biogenic is classified as organic molecules (such as mellite ).
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When the kinetic energy of an object changes, there must be some other change in energy at the same time?
When the kinetic energy of an object changes, the motion of that object also changes at the same time.
The amount of energy that a body posses by virtue of its motion is known as Kinetic energy. Therefore, kinetic energy can only be found in objects which are in motion. The amount of Kinetic energy is calculated as follows:
K = 1 /2 mv²
Where, K represents the kinetic energy, m is the mass of the moving object, and v is the velocity or the speed of the object at which it is moving.
If the kinetic energy of the body increases then the motion of the body also increases and if the kinetic energy decreases then the velocity also decreases.
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