The fluid produced into the pericardial cavity by the pericardium's serous layer is known as pericardial fluid. An exterior fibrous layer and an inner serous layer make up the pericardium. Thus, option B is correct.
What is the space between the parietal layer in the heart?A clear to pale yellow liquid that is present throughout the body, especially in the spaces between organs and the membranes that surround or line them.
Such as the heart and pericardium or the abdomen and peritoneum, and that, when present in significant amounts, is a sign of a pathological condition.
A pericardial effusion's pressure may cause the heart's rhythm to change. In severe circumstances, it could result in mortality if left untreated and cause heart failure.
Therefore, the space between the parietal layer and visceral layer of the pericardium contains film of serous fluid.
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Muscle cells make up muscle tissues, which are attached to each other and to bones. The main function of muscle cells is to move body parts and organs. They do this by contracting and relaxing, which changes the length and shape of the cells. This process uses several proteins and requires a lot of energy.
Which is the best prediction about the cell structures of muscle cells?
A.
Muscle cells have a large volume of cytoplasm so that the cell can easily change shape.
B.
Muscle cells contain a large number of mitochondria in order to provide more energy.
C.
Muscle cells do not have nuclei because they do not need to produce proteins.
A dichotomous key for trees is provided. Hikers found a tree that has large brown cones and single sharp needles. What species of tree have the hikers found?JuniperPineSpruceFir
Based on the given characteristics of large brown cones and single sharp needles, the hikers have likely found a pine tree.
A dichotomous key is a tool used to identify unknown organisms by answering a series of yes or no questions based on their characteristics. In this case, the characteristics used to identify the tree were the presence of large brown cones and single sharp needles. By following the key, it was determined that the tree was a pine.
Pine trees are coniferous trees that belong to the Pinus genus. They are known for their needle-like leaves, which can be found in bundles of 2-5 depending on the species. Pine cones are also a distinctive feature of the trees, with different species producing cones of varying sizes and colors. Pines are commonly found in temperate and subtropical regions of the world and are widely used for lumber and paper production.
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what is the developmental stage of an embryo in which a single layer of cells is surrounded by a space filled with fluid called
The developmental stage of an embryo in which a single layer of cells is surrounded by a space filled with fluid is called a blastula.
During early embryonic development, the fertilized egg undergoes a series of cell divisions, forming a ball of cells called a morula. As the cells continue to divide and differentiate, a fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel begins to form within the ball of cells, creating a hollow sphere called a blastula. The blastula is made up of a single layer of cells, called the blastoderm, which surrounds the blastocoel.
The blastula is an important stage in embryonic development, as it marks the transition from the earlier stages of cleavage and morula formation to the later stages of gastrulation and organogenesis. During gastrulation, the blastula folds in on itself to form a structure known as the gastrula, which gives rise to the three primary germ layers that eventually differentiate into all of the body's tissues and organs.
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which molecule did carl woese study to produce his tree of life?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules were studied by Carl Woese as he created his tree of life.
The three distinct domains that the this tree was the first to divide all known lifeforms into were bacteria, archaea, and eukaryota. Because it exposed the shortcomings of the traditional two-kingdom classification system, which classified all living things as either plants or animals, this tree of life was revolutionary.
This new classification system was developed using Woese's research on rRNA molecules. RRNA molecules are found in all living cells and can be used to compare and contrast the differences between various species.
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Suggest a reason for why there are more bunnies with short teeth than long teeth when food is limited
Long-toothed rabbits have an advantage when consuming food. When long teeth seem to be prevalent, this mutation, unlike the others, will spread throughout the population.
Rabbits without long teeth have a higher mortality rate and are unable to pass on their genetic traits to their progeny. By selecting for either long or short teeth, natural selection aids in this adaptation. Rabbits with long teeth would be able to eat well, but those with short teeth wouldn't be able to break branches. The development of this trait is aided by a mutation or hereditary variation, and those who survive will indeed pass on long teeth attribute to their progeny.
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Which of the following mRNA modifications is common in human cells? a. 5' cap addition. b. intron removal and exon joining. c. 3' poly-A tail addition. d. alternative splicing. e. All of these choices are correct.
All of the above are common mRNA modifications in human cells. mRNA, or messenger RNA, is a molecule of ribonucleic acid (RNA) that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes in the cell. E is the correct option .
It is responsible for the translation of genetic information into proteins, which are the functional molecules of the cell.
5' cap addition is a common mRNA modification in human cells that involves adding a modified guanine nucleotide to the 5' end of the mRNA as a protective measure. Intron removal and exon joining is another common mRNA modification in human cells where introns are removed and exons are joined together to form the mature mRNA.
3' poly-A tail addition is a modification where a long chain of adenine nucleotides is added to the 3' end of the mRNA, which helps protect the mRNA from degradation. Alternative splicing is another common mRNA modification in human cells where the pre-mRNA is spliced in multiple ways to produce different mRNA molecules that can code for different proteins.
Therefore, option e, All of the above is the correct answer.
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how can morphological innovations trigger adaptive radiations?
New adaptive radiation allows organisms to utilize resources in new different ways.
Rapid diversification of a single lineage into numerous species that occupy various settings or use various resources and differ in the features necessary to exploit these is known as adaptive radiation. Although the reason why some lineages experience adaptive radiation is not well understood, it does seem to be a prevalent trait. We create a comprehensive, up-to-date, species-level phylogeny for the Madagascar-endemic Vangidae family. This radiation from passerine birds is a well-known but underappreciated example of an avian adaptive radiation. Our data suggest an initial rapid increase in evolutionary lineages and diversification in morphospace after invading Madagascar in the late Oligocene about 25 Mya. Around 10 Mya, a second rise in diversification rates was linked to a significant breakthrough involving distinctive bill morphology.
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In glycolysis in the absence of oxygen, cells need a way to regenerate which compound? A. Ethanol. B. Carbon dioxide. C. Lactate. D. Glucose.
In glycolysis, which is the metabolic pathway that breaks down D.glucose to generate energy in the form of ATP,
the absence of oxygen, cells need a way to regenerate NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) from NADH (reduced form of NAD+). This is because glycolysis depends on the continuous regeneration of NAD+ in order to keep the pathway going.
The way that cells regenerate NAD+ in the absence of oxygen is by converting pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, into another compound such as lactate or ethanol. In animals and humans, lactate is the preferred product, while in some microbes such as yeast, ethanol is produced instead. This process is known as fermentation.
Therefore, the correct answer is C. Lactate. During fermentation, lactate is produced by the reduction of pyruvate to regenerate NAD+. This process allows glycolysis to continue producing ATP, albeit at a lower rate compared to aerobic respiration.
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the inferior, conical end is called the ______. it projects slightly anteroinferiorly toward the left side of the body.
The inferior, conical end is called the apex. It projects slightly anteroinferiorly toward the left side of the body. The inferior border is formed by the right ventricle. A person's foundation is their human body. It is composed of several cell types that come together to create tissues and, eventually, organ systems.
They ensure homeostasis and the survival of the human body. It has a trunk, a head with hair, a neck, hands, legs, and feet. It also has limbs and legs. The thorax and belly are parts of the trunk. In-depth research is done on human anatomy, physiology, histology, and embryology. Human anatomy is distinct from that of other animals. The core subjects of physiology are the systems and organs of the human body and how they function. The consistent presence of safe blood chemical concentrations, such as oxygen and sugar, is known as homeostasis.
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Consider a radio wave with a frequency of 75 x 106 s1. What is the wavelength, in meters of this wave? Your answer should have 2 significant figures.
Answer:
4.0 meters
Explanation:
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Why can't fragile X be cured?
A student compares the emissions from various energy sources. Which energy source would produce the greatest amount of emissions? O fossil fuels O nuclear fuels O solar energy O wind energy
Of the energy sources listed, fossil fuels would produce the greatest amount of emissions , contributing to climate change and air pollution.
Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are non-renewable resources that are commonly used to generate electricity and power transportation. When these fuels are burned, they release carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
Nuclear fuels, solar energy, and wind energy, on the other hand, produce significantly fewer emissions compared to fossil fuels. Nuclear power plants produce no greenhouse gas emissions during their operation, but do generate nuclear waste that requires careful handling and disposal. Solar and wind energy systems do not produce any greenhouse gas emissions during their operation and have minimal impact on the environment, making them much cleaner and sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels.
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What did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the field of science and how did here work impact society?
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a component of chromosomes that serves to encode genetic information, was discovered to have a molecular structure by a British scientist most renowned for her contributions to that research.
What Rosalind Franklin contribute to the field of science?Dr. Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction research at King's College contributed to the 1953 discovery of the DNA structure.
She established the double-helix structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule responsible for carrying out the genetic instructions for the development of all living things, by creating the famous Photo 51.
The diagnosis of genetic abnormalities, and the development of new medications, have all been significantly improved by an understanding of the structure and function of DNA. It is essential for identifying pathogens as well.
Therefore, The exploration of disease pathways, the evaluation of a person's genetic predisposition to particular diseases.
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The ultimate source of energy for most organisms is
Oglucose
O carbon dioxide
O oxygen
the sun
Answer:
c
Explanation:
which structure is highlighted left anterior descending artery circumflex artery left coronary artery right marginal artery right coronary artery
artery on the left side. A branch of the left circumflex artery, it can be discovered at the left AV sulcus. It heads for the top of the heart. the artery on the left that descends anteriorly.
Branches emerge from the left major coronary: The left coronary artery divides into the left anterior descending artery, which provides blood to the front of the left side of the heart. The left coronary artery's left circumflex branch surrounds the heart muscle. Your left main coronary artery has two branches, the left anterior descending (LAD) artery being one of them. Anterior refers to an artery that feeds blood to your heart's front chambers. It is your heart's main source of oxygenated blood for the lower left ventricle, which pumps blood throughout your body.The left major coronary artery and the right coronary artery (RCA) are the two primary coronary arteries (LMCA). The aorta's root is the source of both of them. The right atrium and right ventricle are the primary recipients of blood from the RCA, which exits the anterior ascending aorta.
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How do stomata differ from pores like those on the liverwort?
Stomata are distinct from pores, such as those on liverworts
Stomata are tiny openings found on the surface of leaves in higher plants that regulate the exchange of gases and water vapor between the plant and its environment.
They are surrounded by specialized cells, such as guard cells, that can open and close the pore to control gas exchange.
In contrast, pores on liverwort, which are also used for gas exchange, are simple openings on the surface of the plant.
They lack specialized cells to regulate the pore opening and closing, and their function is less efficient than stomata.
Additionally, liverwort pores are more susceptible to desiccation, which limits their function in dry environments.
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Does increased sympathetic stimulation cause vasodilation?
On the other hand, elevating the metabolic rate of muscle fibers results in vasodilation.
What does vasodilation do to the body?Vasodilation is a method for improving blood flow to body parts that are deficient in oxygen and/or nutrients. This fall in blood pressure is brought on by the vasodilation, which increases blood flow and decreases systemic vascular resistance (SVR).
What is an example of vasodilation?Among the most typical are: Vasodilation makes it possible for more nutrients and oxygen to reach the muscle during exercise. Alcohol: Alcohol naturally dilates blood vessels. Alcohol-induced vasodilation can cause some persons to feel heated or have face skin flush.
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Personal value and work value cannot be related
This statement is not entirely true. Personal values and work values can be related, as a person's values often influence their career choices and satisfaction in their work.
How are personal and work values related?
For example, an individual who values sustainability may choose to work for a company that is focused on environmental conservation, or someone who values helping others may choose a career in healthcare.
Additionally, a person's work environment can also shape and influence their personal values. For example, a person who works for a company that prioritizes ethical behavior may begin to adopt similar values and apply them in their personal life.
In general, personal values and work values can have a reciprocal relationship, where a person's values influence their work and their work can shape and influence their personal values.
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the equilibrium potential of k ions in nerve cells is about -90 mv. the membrane potential of typical neurons at rest is -70 mv. what would happen if the permeability of the membrane to k increased compared to a typical neuron?
if the permeability of the membrane to k increased compared to a typical neuron, then this Increasing the permeability of a resting neuronal membrane to K+ will make the membrane potential more negative inside with respect to outside.
permeability can be defined as the about how easily a molecule can pass through the cell membrane between the internal cytoplasm and external interstital fluid and membrane potential is the charge difference inside neuron and outside environment.
This easy flow of potassium ion is due tothe membrane which is permeable to potassium at rest and due to the open non-gated channels, potassium will be able to flow across the membrane very easily.
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What type of hazard is hair and fingernails are examples of which hazard?
Hair and fingernails are examples of which hazard are examples of physical hazard.
Inadequate food handling techniques and/or inadvertent contamination are the main causes of physical hazards. Examples include glass shards, human hair, false nails, nail polish, jewelry bits, metal shavings from used or broken dishes and containers, dirt, stones, and frilled toothpicks.
Fruits and vegetables may have pesticide residue. Typically, cleaning the surface and rinsing with water are enough to get rid of these residues.
The Food and Drug Administration oversees food irradiation, which it classifies as a food additive (FDA). Irradiation is a method that dramatically extends storage life while eradicating pathogenic and spoilage bacteria without sacrificing safety, nutrition, or quality. Generally, irradiation is used to reduce mould and bacterial growth in spices. Dr. Donald Thayer of the USDA Agricultural Research Service believes that irradiation has promise as a remedy for cylospora management in fresh food like raspberries. For the most recent details about irradiation, speak with your nearby Cooperative Extension office.
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e. coli can synthesize the amino acid threonine or absorb it from the environment. in the thr operon, the repressor is active when it is bound to threonine. if an e. coli bacterium is in an environment where threonine is absent, will transcription of threonine synthesis genes take place? why or why not? a) yes, because threonine will not be bound to the repressor, so the repressor will be inactive. b) no, because threonine will not be bound to the repressor, so the repressor will be inactive. c) yes, because threonine will not be bound to the repressor, so the repressor will be active. d) no, because threonine will not be bound to the repressor,
If an E. coli bacterium is in an environment where threonine is absent, the transcription of threonine synthesis genes will take place because threonine will not be bound to the repressor, so the repressor will be inactive. Option A is correct.
The threonine operon in E. coli contains genes that are involved in the synthesis of threonine. The repressor protein in the threonine operon is active when it is bound to threonine. When threonine is absent, the repressor is unable to bind to the operator, and the genes involved in threonine synthesis are transcribed.
This allows the bacterium to synthesize threonine when it is not present in the environment. When threonine is present, it binds to the repressor, making it active and preventing the transcription of the genes involved in threonine synthesis.
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What are the 5 layers of the skin in order?
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosums, tratum lucidum, stratum corneum in this order are the five layers that make up our skin.
what is skin?Protection, regulation, and sensation are the three main functions of skin. It is the outer layer of tissue that covers the body of a vertebrate animal and is often soft and flexible.
Arthropod exoskeletons, for instance, differ from other animal coverings in terms of their developmental origin, structure, and chemical composition. The Latin word cutis, from which the English word cutaneous is derived, meaning "of the skin." Mammals' skin, an element of the integumentary system that guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments, and internal organs, is composed of multiple layers of ectodermal tissue. The skin types of birds, reptiles, and amphibians are all distinctive. Skin has a significant role in the development, maintenance, and function of extraskeletal apparatus, particularly the horns of bovids (including cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues).
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What is it called when the membrane potential becomes more positive?
The membrane is thought to be depolarized if the cell membrane shifts from being negative to being positive relative to the resting potential.
The membrane is referred to as being hyperpolarized if its potential is more negative than when it is at its resting potential. Hyperpolarized is another word for hyperpolarizing. transitive verb: to increase the possibility of distinction all over (a biological membrane) verb intransitive: to experience or cause the potential for difference across something to increase.
The unequal distribution of ions (alpha particles) inside and outside the cell, as well as the membrane's varying permeability to various ions, determine the resting membrane potential.
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the flowering locus c gene, or flc gene, is found in certain plants responsible for flowering. the flc gene is expressed in seedlings, which prevents the plant from flowering. once the temperature drops, the expression of the flc gene drops, and the plants produce flowers. the flc gene is regulated at the epigenetic level. what type of epigenetic modifications are present in seedlings after the temperature drops?
In new seedlings, FLC gene expression is maintained through repressive epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modification.
After cold exposure, these repressive modifications are removed from the FLC gene, allowing the gene to be expressed and the plant to flower. This reduction in repressive modifications is an example of epigenetic regulation, where the regulation of gene expression is controlled by changes in the chromatin structure, rather than changes to the DNA methylation itself. The exact type of modifications present in new seedlings and after cold exposure are dependent on the specific plant species being studied and may vary among species. However, DNA methylation and histone modification are common types of epigenetic modifications that have been implicated in the regulation of the FLC gene in various plant species.
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The complete Question is:
Flowering Locus C (FLC) is a gene that is responsible for flowering in certain plants.
FLC is expressed in new seedlings, which prevents flowering.
Upon exposure to cold temperatures, FLC expression decreases and the plant flowers.
FLC is regulated through epigenetic modifications.
What type of epigenetic modifications are present in new seedlings and after cold exposure?
Explain the process of fertilisation in human beings?
Fertilization is the fusion of the male and female gametes, or sperm and ovum which leads to and ovulation .During the intercourse,the sperm enters the fallopian tube, passes through the zona pellucida layer of the ovum (female egg), and combines with it to create the zygote (fertilized egg).
The process of fertilisation occurs in the following stages:
1. Sperm Capacitation- As the name suggests, is the process of getting sperm ready for fertilization. The sperm becomes more energetic and mobile. This process makes sure the sperm is in the best possible shape to fertilize the egg.
2. Sperm-Zona pellucida binding- If the sperm encounters an ovum, the process continues with sperm-zona pellucida binding. A receptor-ligand response takes place when sperm attaches to an ovum's Zona Pellucida layer. No further sperm can pass through this layer after this binding process.
3. Zona pellucida penetration - Zona pellucida penetration is made easier by the sperm's head shape, which helps it cut through the ovum's layers. It also restarts the growth of the ovum, which is stopped at one stage of meiosis and only continues once the egg has been fertilized.
4. Acrosome Reaction: Different Zona Pellucida-digesting enzymes are present in the sperm head (acrosome), aiding in the sperm's ability to penetrate further into the layers of the ovum. With deeper entry, the sperm head shrinks. Prior to fertilizing the ovum, sperm must maintain its acrosomal content.
5. Cortical Reaction: The egg is now activated because it was previously frozen at the metaphase stage of meiotic division II. The ovum develops quickly, and exocytosis and the fusion of cortical granules with Zona Pellucida occur at the same time.
6. Zona Reaction: When the Zona Pellucida layer hardens, fertilization is accomplished.
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lucose is often present in very low concentrations in environments populated by microorganisms. to import the maximum amount of available glucose, cells use:
Active transport in cellular biology is the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient from one area of lower concentration to another.
This movement necessitates active transport, which uses cellular energy. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used in primary active transport, whereas an electrochemical gradient is used in secondary active transport.
Active transportation options include:
macrophage phagocytosis of bacteriaHeart muscle cells release calcium ions.White blood cell defence against invading illnesses; protein release from a variety of cells, including enzymes, peptide hormones, and antibodies; transportation of amino acids across the intestinal epithelium in the human intestine.Learn more about amino acids here:
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areas that are farther from the medial or midsagittal plane are ________.
Lateral regions are those that are farther out from the medial or midsagittal plane.
What other name would you give the median line or midsagittal plane?There will be a midline. The phrase "midsagittal plane" is another that can be used interchangeably with "midline" or "median plane". Sagittal or parasagittal terms can be used to describe any plane that is perpendicular to the midsagittal plane.
Is the midsagittal plane the same as the median plane?The sagittal plane, which precisely divides the body into left and right halves by bisecting it vertically across the midline indicated by the navel, is referred to as the median plane, also known as the mid-sagittal plane. Any plane that is parallel to the sagittal and median plane is referred to as a parasagittal plane.
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In stabilizing selection, what occurs in a population?
a. The population shifts toward one of two extreme phenotypes.
b. Both extreme phenotypes shift toward the middle.
c. The intermediate phenotype becomes more common.
d. The intermediate phenotype becomes rare.
The intermediate phenotype becomes more common In stabilizing selection
When stabilizing selection occurs, what happens in a population?
When natural selection favors an average phenotype and excludes extreme deviations, stabilizing selection reduces the genetic variance of a population. When exposed to environmental changes, a population's genetic variation shifts toward a new phenotype, which is known as directional selection.
The population undergoes stabilizing selection when selective pressures choose between two extremes of a trait. For instance, stabilizing selection may have an impact on plant height. If a plant is too short, it might not be able to compete for sunlight with other plants.
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Need this for science
All types of populations can be measured by taking a census, regardless of size or geographical location. However, the accuracy of the census will be at it's best on a small population residing in a small area.
What is a census?A census is a process of collecting, compiling, analyzing, and publishing demographic, economic, and social data about a particular population.
It is usually conducted by a national government and its purpose is to provide a comprehensive picture of the characteristics and behaviors of the people who live within its borders.
This information is used for a variety of purposes, including planning public services, determining political representation, and allocating resources.
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What does the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure suggest?
A fluid mosaic model of membrane structure suggests that the membrane consists of protein molecules embedded in a liquid bilayer of phospholipids.
What does fluid mosaic model of membrane structure mean?Fluid Mosaic model has been proposed by S.J. Singer and Garth L. Nicolson. The fluid mosaic model describes the cell membrane as a carpet of multiple types of molecules (phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins) in constant motion. This movement helps the cell membrane maintain its role as a barrier between the inside and outside of the cellular environment.
What are conclusions of the fluid mosaic model?Fluid mosaic models have been demonstrated for gross tissue, protein structure, and lipids in bio-membrane. This model is consistent with the necessary constraints of thermodynamics. Proteins, which are an integral part of membranes, are a heterogeneous set of globular molecules in this model.
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