The weak form of the efficient market hypothesis states that past share prices cannot predict future prices, technical analysis is unlikely to outperform the market, and share prices adjust rapidly to new information.
Option (d) is the correct answer as it encompasses all the statements related to the weak form of the efficient market hypothesis. According to the weak form of the hypothesis, all publicly available information, including past share prices and data, is already reflected in the current market prices. Therefore, it suggests that it is not possible to consistently predict future share prices based on historical price patterns or trends.
Additionally, the weak form implies that technical analysis, which relies on studying historical price and volume patterns to make investment decisions, is not expected to generate consistent excess returns. This is because any information contained in past prices or data is already incorporated into the current market prices, making it difficult to gain an advantage.
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Suppose that the graph below illustrates the cost curves of a
perfectly competitive firm. If the market price is $109, then the
firm maximizes its SR profit at _____ units of output and its SR
profits
The graph given below indicates the short run total cost, short run average variable cost, short run average fixed cost, and short run marginal cost curve of a perfectly competitive firm.
The graph of the short run total revenue and short run marginal revenue curves are also shown. The firm would maximize its short run profits at the output quantity where its short run marginal cost curve intersects the short run marginal revenue curve, according to the profit maximization rule.
The firm should operate where the short run marginal cost equals the short run marginal revenue, according to the profit maximization rule. If the market price is $109, the firm's marginal revenue would be $109. The firm should produce 9 units of output to achieve the maximum short run profits.
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A central bank uses open market operations and discount rates to implement monetary policy. Explain the differences between these two tools and how a central bank uses them to implement contractionary monetary policy.
A central bank uses open market operations and discount rates to implement monetary policy. The differences between these two tools and how a central bank uses them to implement contractionary monetary policy are as follows:
Open Market Operations is a monetary policy tool that is used by the Central Bank to buy and sell securities from the market with the intention of regulating the supply of money in the economy. It is an economic tool for stabilizing the economy and for moderating short-term interest rates by the Central Bank. In Open Market Operations, the Central Bank sells securities to the banks and other investors in the open market, resulting in an increase in the amount of money the banks have to lend out. When the banks lend out more money, the interest rate decreases, which can lead to an increase in business investment and consumption. Discount Rate, on the other hand, refers to the interest rate at which banks and other financial institutions borrow from the Central Bank. The Discount Rate is the rate at which banks can borrow money from the Central Bank. In contractionary monetary policy, the Central Bank increases the Discount Rate to decrease the amount of money in circulation, which leads to a decrease in business investment and consumption.
In Contractionary monetary policy, the Central Bank intends to reduce the amount of money circulating in the economy to control inflation. The Central Bank, therefore, employs Open Market Operations and Discount Rate to control the money supply.The Central Bank sells securities in the Open Market Operations, which reduces the money supply, and therefore the amount of money available to lend out. When the banks have less money to lend, the interest rates increase, which causes businesses to reduce investment and individuals to reduce consumption.The Discount Rate is increased in contractionary monetary policy, which reduces the amount of money available to banks and other financial institutions. The Central Bank increases the Discount Rate, making it more expensive for banks to borrow money from the Central Bank. When banks have to pay more to borrow, they tend to lend less, which leads to a reduction in business investment and individual consumption.
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Big Deal Bikes Inc. had the following transactions during its first month of business: - Received contribution from owner, \$19,000. - Purchase ten bicycles for $3,000 on account. - Paid city business tax, $100. - Purchased five bicycle jerseys for cash, \$64. - Purchased small tools on account, $520. - Billed the local club for biking event services, $6,526. - Collected half of the invoice from the local clubs for the biking event. - Paid wages of $1,000. - Paid balance due on bicycle purchase. At the end of this month, what is net income (ignore income taxes)? Respond with a whole number, without dollar signs or commas. For instance, use 4061 instead of $4,061.20.
Net Income = Revenue - Expenses Net Income = $6,526 - ($3,000 + $100 + $64 + $520 + $1,000 + $3,000)Net Income = $6,526 - $7,684Net Income = - $1,158Thus, the net income of Big Deal Bikes Inc. is -$1,158.
Given, the transactions during Big Deal Bikes Inc. first month of business as follow: Received contribution from owner, $19,000.Purchase ten bicycles for $3,000 on account.
Paid city business tax, $100.Purchased five bicycle jerseys for cash, $64.Purchased small tools on account, $520.Billed the local club for biking event services, $6,526.Collected half of the invoice from the local clubs for the biking event.
Paid wages of $1,000.Paid balance due on bicycle purchase. Income of the company is the difference between revenue earned and expenses incurred.
Revenue earned is given by Billed the local club for biking event services, $6,526. And expenses incurred are: Purchase ten bicycles for $3,000 on account. Paid city business tax, $100.
Purchased five bicycle jerseys for cash, $64.Purchased small tools on account, $520.Paid wages of $1,000.Paid balance due on bicycle purchase.
Therefore, Net Income = Revenue - Expenses, Net Income = $6,526 - ($3,000 + $100 + $64 + $520 + $1,000 + $3,000)Net Income = $6,526 - $7,684Net Income = - $1,158Thus, the net income of Big Deal Bikes Inc. is -$1,158.
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The risk that an investor will have to take a loss due to difficulty in selling a security is: Interest-rate risk. Reinvestment risk. Default risk. Marketability risk. In the percentage-of-sales planning process, the "cost of goods sold" account is: A variable cost, an account balance that does not change with sales. A fixed cost, an account balance that does not change with sales. A variable cost, an account balance that changes with sales. A fixed cost, an account balance that changes with sales. Purchase of an asset by a lessor that is then leased to the asset's seller is: A net lease. A sale-leaseback arrangement. An operating lease.. A leveraged lease. Which kind of lease must be treated for accounting purposes as if the company had taken a term loan and used the proceeds to purchase the leased asset? Operating lease. Financial lease. Net lease. Sale and leaseback.
Marketability risk is the risk that an investor will have to take a loss due to difficulty in selling a security. This risk is higher for less liquid securities, such as small-cap stocks or bonds.
The cost of goods sold (COGS) account is a variable cost, an account balance that changes with sales. COGS represents the direct costs of producing the goods or services that a company sells. As sales increase, COGS will also increase.
A sale-leaseback arrangement is a type of lease in which a company sells an asset to a third party and then leases it back. The company is still responsible for maintaining the asset and making payments on the lease, but it no longer owns the asset.
A financial lease is a type of lease that is treated for accounting purposes as if the company had taken a term loan and used the proceeds to purchase the leased asset. The company must record the asset on its balance sheet and depreciate it over the life of the lease.
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Toyo Ventures Holdings Berhad has a share price at RM26.70 and the company is expected to pay a dividend of RM0.80 per share in August 2021.The exercise price is announced at RM28.50. The risk-free interest rate is 15.3 percent per annum, the variance is 8.6 percent. A put option will expire in 1 year 3 months period. Calculate the value of put option.
The value of the put option can be calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Given the share price, dividend, exercise price, and risk-free interest rate, the value of the put option can be determined.
To calculate the value of the put option, we can use the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which takes into account various factors such as the underlying stock price, exercise price, time to expiration, risk-free interest rate, and volatility.
Using the provided information:
Underlying stock price (S) = RM26.70
Exercise price (X) = RM28.50
Time to expiration (T) = 1 year 3 months = 1.25 years
Risk-free interest rate (r) = 15.3% per annum = 0.153
Variance (σ²) = 8.6% = 0.086
Using the Black-Scholes formula, we can calculate the value of the put option:
d1 = (ln(S/X) + (r + σ²/2) * T) / (σ * [tex]\sqrt{T}[/tex])
d2 = d1 - σ * [tex]\sqrt{T}[/tex]
Put option value = X * [tex]e^{-rT}[/tex] * N(-d2) - S * N(-d1)
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2) 2017 EVA bonus payout for a manager assuming that the manager's salary is $300,000 and the bonus is based 100% on divisional Particulars Managers Base Salary Bonus Target (60% of Base Salary (100% of Division EVA)) EVA Improvement Goal EVA Target EVA Interval Manager Base Salary Bonus Target (100% Based on Division EVA) EVA Performance 2017 $300,000 $180,000 $2,150,000 $5,895,000 $12,000,000 $300,000 60% 5.59 Bonus Calculation for year 2017 (Target Bonus * EVA Performance) $10,062 New Bank Balance for Dividend Payout $95,031 Bonus Payout in the year 2017 $105,093 Vyaderm Pharmaceuticals: The EVA Decision Exhibit 8 North American Dermatology Financial Data for EVA Calculation ($ 000s except bonus) Divisional EVA Calculation: Actual EVA EVA Improvement Goal EVA Target EVA Interval Profit & Loss: Income before following items: Research & Development Expense Consumer Advertising Expense Goodwill Impairment Net Income Before Tax Current Year's Income Tax Payments Balance Sheet: Net Operating Assets Capital Charge for EVA Purposes Divisional Manager's Bonus: Base Salary Bonus Target Bonus Payout 2013 $24,694 12,487 34 0 $12,173 (4,261) $66,949 2014 $31,512 14,610 38 0 $16,864 (5,902) $79,000 2015 $36,584 17,094 41 0 $19,449 (6,807) $93,220 2016 $3,745(a) $42,545 20,000 45 0 $22,500 (7,875) $110,000 $300,000 na $90,000 101-019 2017 $2,150 $5,895 $12,000 $92,550 39,000 50 10,000 $43,500 (18,725) $135,000 11% $300,000 60%
Bonus Calculation for Year 2017:Target Bonus = 60% of Base Salary = 0.60 * 300,000 = $180,000EVA Performance = Actual EVA / EVA Target = 2,150 / 5,895 = 0.3643Bonus Calculation for Year 2017 = Target Bonus * EVA Performance = 0.3643 * 180,000 = $65,577New Bank Balance for Dividend Payout
= Balance in 2016 + Net Income After Tax - Dividend Payout = $92,550 + $43,500 - $18,725 = $117,325Bonus Payout in the Year 2017 = Base Salary + Bonus Calculation = $300,000 + $65,577 = $365,577Vyaderm Pharmaceuticals is considering implementing an Economic Value Added (EVA) system in the organization.
EVA is a measure of performance that focuses on an organization’s economic profit rather than its accounting profit. Economic profit is the residual profit after the cost of capital is deducted from revenues.
The EVA system is designed to align the interests of managers and shareholders. It is believed that by aligning the interests of managers and shareholders, the EVA system can improve the organization’s overall performance.
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For each of the following separate cases, prepare adjusting entries required of financial statements for the year ended (date of) December 31. Entries can draw from the following partial chart of accounts: Cash; Interest Receivable; Supplies; Prepaid Insurance; Equipment; Accumulated Depreciation Equipment: Wages Payable; Interest Payable; Unearned Revenue; Interest Revenue; Wages Expense; Supplies Expense; Insurance Expense; Interest Expense; and Depreciation Expense-Equipment. a. Wages of $8,000 are carned by workers but not paid as of December 31. b. Depreciation on the company's equipment for the year is $18,000. The Supplies account had a $240 debit balance at the beginning of the year. During the year, $5,200 of supplies are purchased. A physical count of supplies at December 31 shows $440 of supplies available. d. The Prepaid Insurance account had a $4,000 balance at the beginning of the year. An analysis of insur- ance policies shows that $1,200 of unor pired insurance benefits remain at December 31, ger Exercise 3-4 Preparing adjusting entries P1 P3 P4 e. The company has earned (but not recorded) $1,050 of interest revenue for the year ended December 31. The interest payment will be received 10 days after the year-end on January 10. f. The company has a bank loan and has incurred (but not recorded) interest expense of $2,500 for the year ended December 31. The company will pay the interest five days after the year-end on January 5.
Adjusting entries ensure that the financial statements reflect the proper recognition of expenses, revenues, and liabilities for the year ended December 31.
To prepare the adjusting entries for the year ended December 31, the following entries are required:
a. Wages of $8,000 are earned by workers but not paid as of December 31:
Debit: Wages Expense $8,000
Credit: Wages Payable $8,000
b. Depreciation on the company's equipment for the year is $18,000:
Debit: Depreciation Expense-Equipment $18,000
Credit: Accumulated Depreciation Equipment $18,000
c. Adjust the Supplies account:
Debit: Supplies Expense ($240 + $5,200 - $440) $5,000
Credit: Supplies $5,000
d. Adjust the Prepaid Insurance account:
Debit: Insurance Expense ($4,000 - $1,200) $2,800
Credit: Prepaid Insurance $2,800
e. Accrue interest revenue:
Debit: Interest Receivable $1,050
Credit: Interest Revenue $1,050
f. Accrue interest expense:
Debit: Interest Expense $2,500
Credit: Interest Payable $2,500
These adjusting entries ensure that the financial statements reflect the proper recognition of expenses, revenues, and liabilities for the year ended December 31.
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Suppose that the government of Norway decides for the country to become self-sufficient in producing pineapples and even wants to export them. In order to accomplish this goal, a large tax incentive is granted to companies that invest in pineapple production. In addition, pineapple farmers are supported by an export subsidy. Soon, the Norway industry is competitive and able to sell pineapples at the lowest price. Does Norway have a comparative advantage? Why, or why not? What are the consequences for the overall economy?
Norway does not have a comparative advantage in the production of pineapples but, it has been able to become self-sufficient and export pineapples due to government intervention in the market.
Norway has no comparative advantage in the production of pineapples. Despite this, the government has implemented a tax incentive and an export subsidy in order to support domestic production, which has resulted in Norway becoming self-sufficient and even able to export pineapples.
The consequences of the government’s intervention in the market for the economy are as follows: first, resources are being diverted to the production of pineapples from other areas where Norway may have a comparative advantage.
Second, the government is expending resources on subsidies and tax incentives that could have been used elsewhere in the economy. Third, the low price of pineapples may lead to a reduction in the profitability of other businesses, resulting in the loss of jobs and a decrease in overall economic efficiency.
However, there are negative consequences for the overall economy as resources are being diverted away from other more profitable areas, government funds are being spent on subsidies and tax incentives, and the low price of pineapples may lead to job losses and a decrease in overall economic efficiency.
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Using a table, make a journal entry for each trancactinn. explanation for the transactions. 1. Stockholders invest $60,000 in cash in starting a pizza baking company operating as a corporation. 2. Purchased $800 of supplies on credit. 3. Purchased a machine for $28,000, paying $3,500 in cash and signed a 30-day, $24,500, note payable. 4. Sales commissions billed to clients amount to $4,000. 5. Paid $900 in cash for the current month's rent. 6. Paid $250 cash on account for office supplies previously purchased on credit.
The journal entries for the transactions given are as follows:
1. To record the investment of stockholders in cash:DateAccounts DebitCredit Cash60,000 Common Stock60,000Direct?
answer: The amount of $60,000 is invested by stockholders in cash in starting a pizza baking company operating as a corporation.Explanation: When cash is invested by the stockholders, the cash account is debited while the common stock account is credited.
2. To record the purchase of supplies on credit:DateAccounts DebitCredit Supplies800 Accounts Payable800Direct ?
answer: Purchases of $800 are made on credit.Explanation: When a purchase is made on credit, accounts payable are credited, and supplies are debited.
3. To record the purchase of a machine for cash and a note payable:DateAccounts DebitCredit Equipment28,000 Cash3,500 Note Payable24,500Direct?
answer:The company purchased equipment for $28,000 by paying $3,500 in cash and signing a note payable for $24,500.Explanation: The purchase of the equipment is made in two parts: $3,500 is paid in cash, and the remainder is paid through a note payable. The equipment is debited while cash and notes payable are credited.
4. To record sales commissions billed to clients:DateAccounts DebitCredit Commission Revenue4,000 Accounts Receivable4,000Direct?
answer: Sales commissions billed to clients amount to $4,000.Explanation: When sales commissions are billed to clients, the commission revenue account is credited, and accounts receivable are debited.
5. To record the payment of rent for the current month:DateAccounts DebitCredit Rent Expense900 Cash900Direct? answer: $900 in cash is paid for the current month's rent.Explanation: When cash is paid for rent, the rent expense account is debited, and cash is credited.
6. To record the payment of office supplies purchased on account:DateAccounts DebitCredit Accounts Payable250 Cash250Direct ?
answer: $250 in cash is paid for office supplies that were previously purchased on credit.Explanation: When office supplies purchased on account are paid in cash, accounts payable are debited, and cash is credited.
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A Monopolist has the following demand, marginal revenue, and marginal cost: p=11−2.5q
mr=11−5q
mc=1
Solve for the monopolist's profit maximizing price and quantity 2 . Solve for the perfectly competitive price and quantity 3. Is the monopoly solution preferred to the perfectly competitive solution? Why?
Profit maximizing price and quantity:To find the monopolist's profit-maximizing price and quantity, equate MR with MC.11 - 5q = 1, 10 = 5q, q = 2The monopolist produces and sells 2 units of output.
The price corresponding to the quantity 2 units can be found by substituting q=2 into the demand function: p = 11 - 2.5q = 11 - 2.5(2) = 6. The profit-maximizing price is $6, and the profit-maximizing output is 2 units.2. Perfectly competitive price and quantity:Under perfect competition, the price is equal to the marginal cost.
Thus, set P = MC. p = 1, MC = 1. Therefore, the perfectly competitive price is 1.The perfectly competitive quantity is determined by equating the supply curve to the demand curve, which gives:p = 11 - 2.5q and q = (11 - p)/2.5Therefore, the quantity supplied at price P is q = (11 - 1)/2.5 = 4 units.
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Please briefly explain what is convergence and what are the concems with its effects regarding the Canadian media landscape.
Convergence refers to the coming together of different media platforms, technologies, and industries into a unified system.
In the Canadian media landscape, convergence has raised concerns regarding concentration of ownership, limited diversity of voices, and potential negative effects on media plurality.
Convergence in the Canadian media landscape has led to the consolidation of media ownership, where a few large conglomerates control a significant portion of media outlets. This concentration of ownership can limit the diversity of voices and viewpoints, as fewer entities control the dissemination of information and entertainment. It may result in a homogenization of content and a reduction in independent and local journalism.
Furthermore, convergence has blurred the lines between traditional media and digital platforms, such as social media and streaming services. This shift has disrupted traditional revenue models, as advertising dollars move away from traditional media outlets to digital platforms. This can pose financial challenges for traditional media organizations, leading to cutbacks in journalism resources and a decline in quality reporting.
Moreover, convergence has also raised concerns about privacy and data protection. With the integration of different technologies and data-driven advertising models, there is a risk of personal data being collected and used without consent, potentially compromising individuals' privacy rights.
Overall, while convergence offers opportunities for innovation and access to a wide range of content, it also presents challenges for media plurality, independent journalism, and privacy rights in the Canadian media landscape. Regulatory frameworks and policies need to adapt to ensure a healthy and diverse media ecosystem that serves the interests of the public.
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What type of structure represents one with relatively few layers of managers? A) Tall organizational structure B) Short organizational structure C) Flat organizational structure D) Elliptical organizational structure E) Triangular organizational structure
The correct option is C. Flat organizational structure represents one with relatively few layers of managers.
It is a type of structure that has relatively fewer levels of management than a traditional tall structure. This structure often exists in small companies or startups where the employees are multi-skilled and can take on different roles as required.
A flat organizational structure is a type of structure that has relatively few layers of managers. In this structure, there are usually only a few layers of management, with employees reporting directly to a team leader or manager.
This is in contrast to a tall organizational structure, which has many layers of management, each with its own level of authority and responsibility.
The flat organizational structure is often used in smaller companies or startups where employees are multi-skilled and can take on different roles as needed.
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marketers often race too quickly into research studies to collect
Marketers rush into research studies to gather data without sufficient planning, which can lead to poor study design and inaccurate insights.
Marketers often feel a sense of urgency to collect data through research studies. They may be driven by the need to stay competitive, respond to market trends, or meet tight deadlines. However, this rush can lead to several pitfalls. Insufficient planning can result in poorly designed studies, inadequate sample sizes, or biased data collection methods. These flaws can compromise the validity and reliability of the research findings.
Moreover, hastily jumping into research studies without a clear objective or well-defined research questions may yield irrelevant or incomplete insights. It's crucial for marketers to invest time in planning and developing a research strategy that aligns with their goals. This involves defining the purpose of the study, identifying the target audience, selecting appropriate research methodologies, and establishing a robust sampling framework.
Taking the time to properly plan research studies allows marketers to gather accurate and relevant data, enabling them to make informed decisions and develop effective marketing strategies. It also ensures that the research process is thorough and reliable, enhancing the overall quality of the insights obtained.
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What do you think was the motive for increasing minimum pay to $70,000? Was it altruistic? Was it a business decision? Does it have to be one reason or can it have been done for multiple reasons?
The motive for increasing minimum pay to $70,000 can vary depending on the specific context and the motivations of the organization or individuals involved. Increasing minimum pay to $70,000 could have been driven by a combination of altruistic motives and business considerations. Here are a few possible reasons for such an increase:
1. Attracting and Retaining Talent: Offering a higher minimum pay can help attract and retain skilled employees, as it makes the organization more competitive in the job market. It can be seen as a strategic business decision to ensure access to top talent and reduce turnover costs.
2. Employee Motivation and Productivity: Higher pay can serve as a motivation for employees, leading to increased productivity and engagement. By setting a higher minimum pay, organizations may seek to create a positive work environment, enhance employee morale, and foster loyalty.
3. Public Image and Branding: Increasing minimum pay to a relatively high level can generate positive publicity and improve the organization's reputation. It can be perceived as a socially responsible action, enhancing the brand image and attracting socially conscious customers.
4. Fairness and Equity: Some organizations may raise minimum pay as part of a broader commitment to equity and fairness. They may believe that all employees should be paid a livable wage, aligning with their values and ethical considerations.
In reality, it is possible for both altruistic and business-related factors to influence the decision to increase minimum pay to $70,000.
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Take the following topics and craft a deductive Research Question and form a hypothesis for each Research Question.
A) Exercise and body mass index (BMI)
B) Job training program and employment
The deductive research questions and hypotheses provide a framework for investigating the relationships between exercise and BMI, as well as job training programs and employment rates.
A) Research Question: The research question explores the relationship between exercise and body mass index (BMI). It aims to investigate whether regular exercise has an impact on BMI. Hypothesis: The hypothesis proposes that there is a negative correlation between regular exercise and BMI. This means that individuals who engage in regular exercise will have lower BMI values compared to those who do not exercise regularly.
B) Research Question: The research question examines the influence of a job training program on employment rates. It aims to determine whether participation in a job training program affects the likelihood of employment. Hypothesis: The hypothesis suggests that participation in a job training program increases the probability of employment. It posits that individuals who undergo job training will have higher employment rates compared to those who do not participate in such programs.
In summary, the deductive research questions and hypotheses provide a framework for investigating the relationships between exercise and BMI, as well as job training programs and employment rates. These hypotheses form the basis for further research and data analysis to validate or refute the proposed relationships.
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Pear Distributors purchases monitors for $465 each and sells each one for $728. Overhead expenses are 15% of the cost per monitor:
a) Calculate the profit the company is receiving on each monitor. b) Calculate the rate of markup on the selling price of each monitor.
c) Calculate the rate of markup on the cost of each monitor.
Given information:
Pear Distributors purchases monitors for $465 each and sells each one for $728.
Overhead expenses are 15% of the cost per monitor
Profit per monitor: Profit = selling price - cost of production
Profit per monitor = $728 - $465 = $263
Therefore, the profit the company is receiving on each monitor is $263.
Markup on the selling price of each monitor: Markup on selling price of each monitor = profit / selling price
Markup on selling price of each monitor = $263 / $728 = 0.3614 or 36.14%
Therefore, the rate of markup on the selling price of each monitor is 36.14%.
Markup on the cost of each monitor: Markup on the cost of each monitor = (profit / cost of production) x 100
Markup on the cost of each monitor = ($263 / $465) x 100 = 56.77%
Therefore, the rate of markup on the cost of each monitor is 56.77%.Hence, we can calculate the profit, markup on the selling price and the markup on the cost of each monitor.
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Managers use management accounting informaker regulators, ax A) help external users such as investors, banks, regulatot B) communicate, develop, and implement strategies bats, banks, regulators, and other outside parties D) ensure that financial statements are consistent with the SEC rules 2. Strategy specifies A) how an organization matches its own capabilities with the opportunities in the marketplace B) standard procedures to ensure quality products C) incremental changes for improved performance D) the demand created for products and services 3. The value chain is the sequence of business functions in which A) value is deducted from the products or services of an organization B) producing and delivering the product or service is of prime importance D) usefulness is added to the products or services of an organization 4. Place the five steps in the decision-making process in the correct order: A= Obtain information B= Make decisions by choosing among alternatives C= Identify the problem and uncertainties D= Implement the decision, evaluate performance, and learn A) CDBEA B) EDA BC C) C A E B D D) AEBDC 5. The scenario that says resources should be spent if the expected benefits to the company exceed the expected costs describes A) cost-benefit approach B) behavioral and technical considerations C) balanced scorecard D) different costs for different purposes 6. Cost behavior refers to: A) how costs react to a change in the level of activity B) whether a cost is incurred in a manufacturing, merchandising, or service company C) classifying costs as either perpetual or period costs D) whether a particular expense is expensed in the same or the following period E) none of the above
1. Managers use management accounting information to: B) Communicate, develop, and implement strategies to investors, banks, regulators, and other outside parties.
2. Strategy specifies:
A) How an organization matches its own capabilities with the opportunities in the marketplace.
3. The value chain is the sequence of business functions in which:
D) Usefulness is added to the products or services of an organization.
4. Place the five steps in the decision-making process in the correct order:
C) Identify the problem and uncertainties, Obtain information, Make decisions by choosing among alternatives, Implement the decision, evaluate performance, and learn.
5. The scenario that says resources should be spent if the expected benefits to the company exceed the expected costs describes:
A) Cost-benefit approach.
6. Cost behavior refers to:
A) How costs react to a change in the level of activity.
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1. Managers use management accounting information to: B) Communicate, develop, and implement strategies to investors, banks, regulators, and other outside parties.
2. Strategy specifies:
A) How an organization matches its own capabilities with the opportunities in the marketplace.
3. The value chain is the sequence of business functions in which:
D) Usefulness is added to the products or services of an organization.
4. Place the five steps in the decision-making process in the correct order:
C) Identify the problem and uncertainties, Obtain information, Make decisions by choosing among alternatives, Implement the decision, evaluate performance, and learn.
5. The scenario that says resources should be spent if the expected benefits to the company exceed the expected costs describes:
A) Cost-benefit approach.
6. Cost behavior refers to:
A) How costs react to a change in the level of activity.
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A manufacturer produces certain items at a labor cost of $115 per item and material cost of $75 per item. If the item has a unit price of $590, how many units must be manufactured each month for the manufacturer to break-even if the monthly overhead is $428,000 Select one: a. 10000 b. 522 c. 1000 d. 400 e. 1070
To calculate the number of units that must be manufactured each month for the manufacturer to break-even, we need to consider the labor cost, material cost, unit price, and monthly overhead.
To break-even, the total cost (including labor, material, and overhead) should be equal to the total revenue generated from selling the units. Let's denote the number of units to be manufactured each month as 'x'.
The total cost per unit is the sum of labor cost and material cost: $115 + $75 = $190 per unit.
The total cost for 'x' units will be 'x' multiplied by the total cost per unit, which is 190x.
The revenue generated from selling 'x' units will be 'x' multiplied by the unit price, which is $590x.
To break-even, the total cost should be equal to the total revenue, so we can set up the equation: 190x = 590x.
By rearranging the equation, we find: 400x = 0. This implies that the value of 'x' does not exist.
None of the provided options satisfies the condition for the manufacturer to break-even. It seems that there might be an error in the given information or calculation.
Therefore, none of the options provided (a) 10,000 units, (b) 522 units, (c) 1,000 units, (d) 400 units, or (e) 1,070 units is the correct answer.
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Coors Company expects sales of $570,000(6,000 units at $95 per unit). The company's total fixed costs are $192,000 and its variable costs are $55 per unit. Compute (a) break-even in units and (b) the margin of safety in dollars.
a) Break-Even Point in Units = Fixed Cost / Contribution Margin per Unit Fixed Cost = $192,000Contribution Margin per Unit = Selling Price per Unit - Variable Cost per UnitSelling Price per Unit = $95Variable Cost per Unit = $55Contribution Margin per Unit = $95 - $55 = $40Break-Even Point in Units = $192,000 / $40 = 4800 unitsTherefore, the break-even point in units is 4,800 units.
Let us understand the concept of Break-Even point. It is the point where the total cost is equal to the total revenue. In other words, it is the level of output at which the total cost and total revenue are equal. At this level, the company will make neither a profit nor a loss.
b) Margin of Safety = Actual Sales - Break-Even SalesActual Sales = Sales = $570,000Break-Even Sales = Break-Even Point in Units x Selling Price per UnitBreak-Even Point in Units = 4,800Selling Price per Unit = $95Break-Even Sales = 4800 x 95 = $456,000Therefore, the margin of safety is $114,000.Margin of Safety = Actual Sales - Break-Even Sales= $570,000 - $456,000 = $114,000.
The margin of safety tells how much actual sales are above the break-even sales. It shows how much the sales can decline before the company starts to make a loss. Therefore, it is an important tool for assessing the risk associated with business operations.The formula for calculating the margin of safety is:Margin of Safety = Actual Sales - Break-Even SalesHere, the actual sales are $570,000, and the break-even sales are $456,000.
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On January 1, 2019, ABC Inc., paid P700,000 for 10,000 shares of XYZ’s Company’s voting ordinary shares, which was a 10% interest in XYZ. At that date the net assets of XYZ totaled P6,000,000. The fair values of all of XYZ’s identifiable assets and liabilities were equal to their book values. ABC does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of XYZ. ABC received dividends of P0.90 per share from XYZ on October 1, 2019. XYZ reported net income of P400,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019. On July 1, 2020, ABC paid P2,400,000 for 30,000 additional shares of XYZ Company’s voting ordinary shares, which represents a 30% investment in XYZ.. The fair values of XYZ’s identifiable assets net of liabilities were equal to their book values of P6,500,000. As a result of this transaction, ABC has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of XYZ. ABC received dividends of P1.10 per share from XYZ on April 2, 2020, and P1.35 per share on October 1, 2020. XYZ reported net income of P500,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 and P200,000 for the six months ended December 31, 2020. ABC does not amortize goodwill but evaluates at each year-end its possible impairment. No impairment on goodwill has been observed though. How much should the company present its investment in XYZ in its 2020 financial position?
In its 2020 financial position, ABC Inc. should present its investment in XYZ as the carrying value of the investment. The investment represents a 30% ownership interest in XYZ, acquired for a total of P3,100,000.
In January 2019, ABC Inc. acquired a 10% interest in XYZ Company, and in July 2020, it acquired an additional 30% interest, resulting in a total investment of P3,100,000. Initially, when ABC did not have significant influence, the investment was accounted for at cost.
However, as of July 2020, when ABC obtained significant influence over XYZ, the equity method of accounting should be applied. Under this method, ABC should report its investment at the carrying value, reflecting its share of XYZ's net assets.
Since no impairment on goodwill has been observed, the carrying value of the investment should remain at P3,100,000. This amount represents ABC's share of XYZ's net assets, considering XYZ's reported net income and dividends received during the year.
It's important to note that under the equity method, ABC's investment in XYZ will be adjusted annually to reflect its share of XYZ's net income or loss, as well as any dividends received. However, for the specific question regarding the 2020 financial position, the carrying value of the investment should be presented as P3,100,000.
In conclusion, in its 2020 financial position, ABC Inc. should present its investment in XYZ at the carrying value of P3,100,000, reflecting its 30% ownership interest in XYZ and applying the equity method of accounting.
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the balances that appear on the post-closing trial balance will match the
The balances that appear on the post-closing trial balance will match the permanent account balances.A post-closing trial balance is a listing of all accounts that have a balance after the company has completed its closing entries.
The purpose of this trial balance is to verify that the total debits equal the total credits and that all permanent accounts have non-zero balances. The post-closing trial balance may be generated after the closing entries have been completed and the adjusted trial balance has been prepared.The balances that appear on the post-closing trial balance will match the permanent account balances, as temporary accounts will have been closed out. The accounts that will appear on a post-closing trial balance are assets, liabilities, and equity accounts. They are known as permanent accounts because their balances are carried over to the next accounting period.
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Rick and Tracy Corp. has a project with a cost today of $865,250, a ten year life, and annual cash inflows of $182,800 each year. Calculate the net present value of this project assuming the company's required rate of return is 12.8%.
a. $124,377
b. $134,647
c. $214,647
d. $999,897
The net present value (NPV) of the project is $124,377, option A. The NPV is a financial metric used to evaluate the profitability of an investment by calculating the present value of cash inflows and outflows.
To calculate the NPV, we need to discount the cash inflows to their present value using the required rate of return. The formula to calculate the present value of a cash flow is PV = CF / (1 + r)^n, where PV is the present value, CF is the cash flow, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of periods.
Using the formula, we calculate the present value of each annual cash inflow and sum them up. The NPV is the difference between the present value of the cash inflows and the initial cost of the project. In this case, the NPV is $124,377, which indicates that the project is profitable as it generates a positive NPV.
In summary, the net present value of Rick and Tracy Corp.'s project, with a cost of $865,250, annual cash inflows of $182,800 for ten years, and a required rate of return of 12.8%, is $124,377. The positive NPV suggests that the project is financially viable and can potentially generate returns exceeding the company's required rate of return.
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During the current year, Robert pays the following amounts associated with his own residence: Property taxes $3,000 Mortgage interest 8,000 Repairs 1,200 Utilities 2,700 Replacement of roof 4,000 In addition, Robert paid $1,500 of property taxes on the home that is owned and used by Anne, his daughter. a. Classify the following expenses for Robert as "Deductible" or "Nondeductible". Property taxes - Robert Property taxes - Anne Mortgage interest Repairs Utilities Replacement of roof Enter Robert's total deductions without regard for any limitations. $ b. Can Anne deduct the $1,500 of property taxes? c. If deductible, are the deductions for AGI or from AGI (itemized)?
A) Robert's deductible expenses: Property taxes (Robert), mortgage interest, repairs, utilities; nondeductible: roof replacement.
b) Anne cannot deduct $1,500 property taxes paid by Robert.
c) Robert's deductions are from AGI, reported as itemized deductions on Schedule A.
a. The classification of expenses for Robert:
- Property taxes (Robert): Deductible
- Property taxes (Anne): Nondeductible
- Mortgage interest: Deductible
- Repairs: Deductible
- Utilities: Deductible
- Replacement of roof: Nondeductible
In terms of Robert's expenses, the property taxes he paid on his own residence are deductible. These property taxes are considered an itemized deduction. However, the property taxes paid on Anne's home are not deductible for Robert since he does not own the property.
The mortgage interest, repairs, and utilities expenses related to Robert's own residence are also deductible as itemized deductions. These expenses are considered "above-the-line" deductions, meaning they are deducted from the taxpayer's gross income to arrive at AGI.
On the other hand, the replacement of the roof expense is nondeductible. Expenses for improvements or betterments to a property, like replacing a roof, are considered capital expenditures and are not deductible as ordinary expenses.
b- As for Anne, she cannot deduct the $1,500 of property taxes paid by Robert on her home. The property owner is generally responsible for claiming deductions related to their property.
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Identify the roles of inventory for a car manufacturing company and explain the five functions of the inventory for this company and how each function is utilised/ applied in the car manufacturing process.
Roles of inventory in a car manufacturing company: Raw materials inventory, Work-in-progress (WIP) inventory, Finished goods inventory, Maintenance, Repair, and Operations (MRO) inventory, Safety stock inventory.
Inventory in a car manufacturing company serves several functions. Demand fulfillment inventory ensures a continuous supply of materials, enabling efficient customer demand fulfillment. Production smoothing inventory optimizes production processes by reducing variability and avoiding bottlenecks.
Time buffering inventory acts as a buffer against uncertainties, preventing disruptions due to delays. Economies of scale inventory allows for cost savings through bulk ordering. Safety stock inventory mitigates risks and minimizes production delays or customer dissatisfaction.
Overall, effective inventory management in car manufacturing ensures a smooth production process, meets customer demands, reduces risks, and optimizes operational efficiency.
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Hello, please help me, I desperately need help. this is the full question not sure how to solve it please help.
A research team analyzed sample size (n), and the confidence interval (CI) is 95% from four similar studies conducted in different states. The team is concerned that one study yields nonsignificant results. Information for each study is given below. Which study was the team concerned about?
Study 1: n = 1500, p = 0.40
Study 2: n = 1500, p = 0.04
Study 3: n = 300. 95% CI (0.06 to 5.6)
Study 4: n 300. 95% CI (0.03 to 2.8)
a. Study 1
b. Study 2
c. Study 3
d. Study 4
The research team analyzed the sample size (n), and the confidence interval (CI) is 95% from four similar studies conducted in different states. The team is concerned that one study yields nonsignificant results.
Information for each study is given below. The study that the team was concerned about is Study 2.Study 1: n = 1500, p = 0.40 Study 2: n = 1500, p = 0.04 Study 3: n 300. 95% CI (0.06 to 5.6) Study 4: n 300. 95% CI (0.03 to 2.8) For Study 1: n = 1500, p = 0.40For Study 2:n = 1500, p = 0.04
For Study 3:n 300, 95% CI (0.06 to 5.6)For Study 4:n 300, 95% CI (0.03 to 2.8)We know that if the sample size is very small, there is a chance that the results do not match the true values.
Therefore, the study team was concerned about Study 2 as its sample size is too small. Hence, the correct answer is b. Study 2.
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The article has provided an assessment of how the emigration of employees has changed workforce management: "South Africa is seeing a massive resignation wave that will impact the country’s post-Covid economic rebound, says Emma Durkin, head of Human Capital at Altron Karabina" "If we don’t look after people now, the scarce skills bump that we are going through now is going to become a crisis, and that is something we want to avoid," she said." With this in mind, analyse any FIVE (5) functional areas of management (departments) in the organisation you are employed at or an organisation of your choice and evaluate the managerial challenges that could arise if you experience the problems identified in the article. Provide solutions to each problem identified.
The emigration of employees can pose managerial challenges in various functional areas of an organization. In this analysis, we will examine five functional areas, identify potential challenges arising from employee emigration, and propose corresponding solutions.
Human Resources (HR) Department: The HR department may face challenges in attracting and retaining skilled employees. To address this, the organization can focus on enhancing employee engagement, providing competitive compensation packages, and offering career development opportunities to retain existing employees and attract new talent.
Operations Department: Emigration can lead to a shortage of skilled workers, affecting operational efficiency. The organization can mitigate this challenge by cross-training employees, implementing knowledge-sharing programs, and leveraging technology to automate and streamline processes.
Finance Department: A reduction in workforce due to emigration may impact workload distribution and financial planning. To address this, the finance department can analyze resource allocation, reassign responsibilities, and consider outsourcing certain functions if necessary.
Marketing Department: Emigration can affect marketing efforts, particularly if skilled marketers leave. The organization can overcome this challenge by investing in training and development programs for existing marketing employees, leveraging digital marketing strategies, and exploring partnerships or collaborations to expand marketing capabilities.
Leadership/Management: The loss of key employees through emigration can disrupt leadership and management structures. The organization can address this by implementing succession planning strategies, providing leadership development programs, and fostering a culture of knowledge-sharing and mentorship to ensure continuity in leadership roles.
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On January 1, 2021, Golden Corporation had 74,000 common shares, recorded at $594,000, and retained earnings of $1,073,000. During the year, the following transactions occurred:
Apr. 2 Issued 5,100 common shares at $20 per share.
June 15 Declared a cash dividend of $0.15 per share to common shareholders of record on June 30, payable on July 10.
Aug. 21 Declared a 5% stock dividend to common shareholders of record on September 5, distributable on September 20. The shares were trading for $21 a share on August 21, $24 on September 5, and $25 on September 20.
Nov. 1 Issued 3,300 common shares at $24 per share.
Dec. 20 Declared a cash dividend of $0.20 per share to common shareholders of record on December 31, payable on January 10.
Record the above transactions for 2021. (Note: Closing entries are not required.)
Issued 5,100 shares at $20/share on Apr. 2. Declared $0.15/share cash dividend on June 15. Declared 5% stock dividend on Aug. 21. Issued 3,300 shares at $24/share on Nov. 1. Declared $0.20/share cash dividend on Dec. 20.
The company issued additional shares, resulting in an increase in common shares and contributed capital. Cash dividends were declared twice, reducing retained earnings. The stock dividend declared on Aug. 21 increased the number of shares outstanding. The issuance of shares on Nov. 1 further increased the common shares and contributed capital. Another cash dividend was declared on Dec. 20, reducing retained earnings again.
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You expect to receive the following cash flows: $4,0001 year from today; $4,0003 years from today; $4,0007 years from today. If you deposit each cash flow in an account that earns an annual rate of 7.1%, how much money will you have 12 years from today? Round your answer to the nearest penny. Type your answer...
To calculate the future value of the cash flows, we can use the formula for the future value of a series of cash flows:
FV = [tex]CF1 * (1 + r)^n1 + CF2 * (1 + r)^n2 + CF3 * (1 + r)^n3[/tex]
Where:
CF1, CF2, CF3 are the cash flows ($4,000 each)
r is the interest rate (7.1% or 0.071)
n1, n2, n3 are the number of years until each cash flow is received (1 year, 3 years, 7 years)
Substituting the values into the formula:
FV = $4,000 * (1 + 0.071)^1 + $4,000 * (1 + 0.071)^3 + $4,000 * (1 + 0.071)^7
FV = $4,000 * 1.071^1 + $4,000 * 1.071^3 + $4,000 * 1.071^7
Calculating each term:
FV = $4,000 * 1.071 + $4,000 * 1.071^3 + $4,000 * 1.071^7
FV = $4,284 + $4,676.21 + $5,839.73
FV = $14,799.94
Therefore, you will have approximately $14,799.94 in the account 12 years from today.
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Judgment methods of forecasting should never be used with quantitative forecasting methods. T/F?
False, judgment methods of forecasting should not be used alone and can be used in combination with quantitative forecasting methods.
Quantitative forecasting methods Quantitative forecasting methods rely on statistical and mathematical models to predict future events. These methods are useful for generating reliable forecasts when there is a lot of data to work with.
Quantitative forecasting methods can be broken down into two types: time-series methods and causal methods.Judgmental forecasting methodsJudgmental forecasting methods rely on expert opinion and intuition to predict future events. These methods can be useful when there is little data available or when the situation is complex.
Judgmental forecasting methods can be broken down into three types: Delphi method, scenario writing, and technological forecasting.
Thus, Judgment methods of forecasting should not be used alone, and can be used in combination with quantitative forecasting methods.
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On February 1, Barbara Redburn and John Nichols decide to organize the ACME partnership. Redburn invests $12,000 cash and Nichols contributes $11,000 cash and equipment with a cost of $7,500 and accumulated depreciation of $4,000 and a fair value of $3,300. Required: Prepare the journal entry to record Nichol's investment in the partnership.
The journal entry includes cash of $11,000, equipment worth $3,300, accumulated depreciation of $4,000, and John Nichols' capital of $7,700.
To record John Nichols' investment in the ACME partnership, we need to account for the cash contribution and the fair value of the equipment he brings into the partnership. Let's break down the journal entry:
Cash Account Debit: We debit the Cash account for the amount of cash contributed by John Nichols, which is $11,000.
Equipment Account Debit: We debit the Equipment account for the fair value of the equipment John Nichols contributes. The fair value is $3,300.
Accumulated Depreciation Account Credit: We credit the Accumulated Depreciation account for the accumulated depreciation on the equipment. The accumulated depreciation is $4,000.
John Nichols, Capital Account Credit: We credit John Nichols' Capital account with the net amount of his investment. To calculate this, we subtract the fair value of the equipment ($3,300) from the cash contributed ($11,000). So, the credit to John Nichols' Capital account is $7,700 ($11,000 - $3,300).
The journal entry would be as follows:
Cash $11,000
Equipment $3,300
Accumulated Depreciation $4,000
John Nichols, Capital $7,700
In conclusion, the journal entry records John Nichols' investment in the ACME partnership by accounting for the cash contributed and the fair value of the equipment he brings in. The cash and equipment are debited to their respective accounts, while the accumulated depreciation on the equipment is credited.
Finally, John Nichols' Capital account is credited with the net investment amount, which is the difference between the cash contributed and the fair value of the equipment. This journal entry accurately reflects the initial investment made by John Nichols into the partnership and establishes his capital balance.
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