Toddlers who can talk about what they want and explain their own behavior and that of others in terms of wants have developed a desire psychology (option B).
This refers to their ability to understand and communicate their desires, as well as recognize and attribute desires to others. It signifies a cognitive milestone where toddlers can express their wants and needs verbally, enhancing their ability to communicate and interact with others. This development is an important aspect of their social and emotional growth, as it allows them to navigate social situations, express preferences, and negotiate with others based on their desires.
It reflects their emerging understanding of their own motivations and the motivations of others, fostering more sophisticated social interactions and emotional awareness. It's important to note that this stage of development is distinct from the other options mentioned, such as conventional morality, a mutually responsive orientation, or joint attention, which involve different aspects of cognitive and social development in toddlers.
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-Though military service members are drawn from the civilian population, a comparison between service members and their civilian counterparts is difficult. Personnel serving in the military are screened before entering the service for many medical and psychological vulnerabilities, which some suggest would make them more resilient than the general population, but service members experience very different risky occupational exposures, the most obvious being combat. Despite this, there is some utility to using the general U.S. population as a comparison group by which to frame this article.
Please helps summarize into a point/paragraph that flows thank you
The article explains that although military service members are drawn from the civilian population, it is challenging to compare them with their civilian counterparts.
Before entering the service, military personnel undergo screening for many medical and psychological vulnerabilities that may make them more resilient than the general population.
However, service members have different risky occupational exposures, with the most noticeable being combat. Nevertheless, using the general U.S. population as a comparison group is useful in framing the article.
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What are some main points l can make if l am referring to
personality development in person-centered therapy or
client-centered therapy
Langer (1978) studied the notion of "mindlessness and conducted a study where a man asked a woman waiting in line to use the Xerox machine if he could go before her. He gave no explanation, said he was in a hurry, or said he needed to make some copies. Langer found that ____
A. most people did not allow him to go next. B. most people who were given any reason allowed him to go next C. they only let him go next when he said he was in a hurry, D. everyone allowed him to go next. regardless of whether he provided a reason E. the request tended to elicit reactance and low compliance
Langer found that option B) most people who were given any reason allowed him to go next.
Langer (1978) studied the notion of "mindlessness and conducted a study where a man asked a woman waiting in line to use the Xerox machine if he could go before her. He gave no explanation, said he was in a hurry, or said he needed to make some copies.
The concept of "mindlessness" refers to a state in which we are not fully conscious of what we are doing, and we act without careful consideration of the facts. People who are "mindless" may make poor decisions, behave inappropriately, or ignore important information.To illustrate this concept, Langer conducted a study that involved a man who approached a woman waiting in line at a Xerox machine and asked her if he could go in front of her.
The man did not provide any explanation for his request, nor did he say that he was in a hurry or that he needed to make copies. He simply asked if he could go ahead of her.Langer found that most people who were given any reason allowed him to go next. This indicates that people are more likely to comply with requests when they are given a reason, even if that reason is not very compelling.
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31) One response to the problem of evil is that humans have the choice to choose good over evil. This is called the…
Greater good response
Best of all possible worlds response
Free will response
We deserve it response
32) The belief that there are no absolute, objective moral standards
Moral Objectivism
Moral Realism
The Problem of Evil
35) Which answer below is the best explanation of the Problem of Evil
There is evil in the world and we as a society must find a way to prevent it.
Evil will always be with us no matter what.
If there is a God, then evil shouldn’t exist. But it does exist so God doesn’t exist.
God allows humans to have free will. But this allows humans to choose evil. So free will doesn’t exist
Moral Relativism
31) One response to the problem of evil is that humans have the choice to choose good over evil is called Free will response. Therefore, the correct option is option 2.
32) The belief that there are no absolute, objective moral standards is Moral Relativism. Therefore, the correct option is option 3.
35) The best explanation of the Problem of Evil is If there is a God, then evil shouldn’t exist. But it does exist so God doesn’t exist. Therefore, the correct option is option 3.
31) One response to the problem of evil is that humans have the choice to choose good over evil. This is called the Free will response. According to this response, the existence of evil in the world can be attributed to the fact that humans have free will, and therefore they can choose to do evil things even though they know they are wrong. Hence, the correct option is 2.
32) Moral relativism is the belief that there are no absolute, objective moral standards. According to this view, what is considered to be morally right or wrong varies from one culture or individual to another, and there are no universal moral truths that apply to everyone. Hence, the correct option is 3.
35) The best answer to this question is: If there is a God, then evil shouldn’t exist. But it does exist so God doesn’t exist. This statement summarizes the argument from evil, which is one of the most common objections to the existence of God. The argument goes as follows: If God is all-knowing, all-powerful, and perfectly good, then he would not allow evil to exist in the world. However, there is evil in the world, so either God is not all-powerful, not all-knowing, or not perfectly good, or he simply doesn't exist. Hence, the correct option is 3.
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After reading Should lesbian and gay individuals be able to adopt children?, answer the following questions.
1. Think more broadly of the issue of lesbian and gay adoption. What are the characteristics of good parenting and what, if any, role does the biological sex and sexual orientation play in your definition?
2. Now that same-sex marriage is legal in PA, how do you think this will affect adoption organizations, including child welfare agencies that prohibit lesbian and gay couples from adopting children?
3. Kansas just recently passed a state law that affects gay adoptive parents for certain agencies. Go here to read about it: Kansas law makers pass bill. What might be the effect of public vs. private adoptions agencies?
Characteristics of good parenting:Good parenting characteristics are associated with a loving and safe environment. There are no gender distinctions in parenting qualities; gender should not be a criteria for parenthood. Good parenting should provide a secure environment for a child to grow up in, ensure their well-being, and allow for emotional growth as well.
It is the right of every individual to have children, and their sexual orientation should not be a barrier to adoption. The characteristics of good parenting include the ability to provide a loving and safe environment, ensure the well-being of the child, and encourage emotional growth. A loving and secure home is one where children can flourish and grow, irrespective of their sex, race, or biological heritage. Sexual orientation should not be a factor in deciding whether someone can be a good parent, and all individuals should have the same rights, including the right to adopt a child.
The legalization of same-sex marriage in Pennsylvania will have a major effect on child welfare agencies, which had previously used the prohibition of same-sex marriage to justify restrictions on gay and lesbian adoption. Discriminatory behavior on the part of private adoption agencies could result in a shortage of adoptive parents for children.
Discriminating against same-sex couples in the adoption process is unjust and unfair. In addition, sexual orientation should not be a criterion for determining whether someone can be a good parent. In terms of adoption, it is critical that all potential adoptive parents be treated fairly, irrespective of their sexual orientation or gender. The recent legalization of same-sex marriage in Pennsylvania and Kansas's new state law limiting gay adoptive parents for specific agencies demonstrate that there is still a long way to go in ensuring equality in the adoption process.
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Please explain the Leader Member Exchange Theory (LMX) in
Depth.
The Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory is a management theory that focuses on the dynamic relationship between leaders and followers.
This theory is also known as the vertical dyad linkage theory. LMX theory suggests that leaders develop unique relationships with their followers based on mutual trust, respect, and obligation. The theory proposes that leaders create in-groups and out-groups by creating differentiated relationships with their followers.The in-group comprises followers who share mutual trust, respect, and obligation with the leader, while the out-group comprises followers with lower levels of mutual trust, respect, and obligation with the leader.
The leader is more likely to trust, delegate, and reward the members of the in-group than the out-group members.The theory suggests that leader-member relationships develop through three stages. These are the stranger stage, acquaintance stage, and mature partnership stage. During the stranger stage, the leader and follower do not know each other and are not familiar.
During the acquaintance stage, the leader and follower become familiar with each other. The leader begins to assess the follower’s performance and the follower begins to understand the leader’s expectations.During the mature partnership stage, the leader and follower have a deep and trusting relationship. The leader delegates tasks and rewards the follower with greater responsibility and autonomy.
LMX theory has been found to be an effective approach to leadership in various organizational contexts. High-quality leader-member exchanges have been associated with greater job satisfaction, higher performance, and lower turnover.
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Analyse the importance of public opinion polls and
political data with respect to political agendas and the public's
input into decision-making.
Public opinion polls and political data are essential in decision making and political agendas because they help the decision-makers understand the citizens' opinion and preferences. They also help in determining the most critical issues and policies that need to be addressed.
Public opinion polls and political data provide crucial information on what the public is thinking and what issues they are concerned about. By collecting and analyzing data from these sources, politicians can understand the citizens' perspectives and priorities. This knowledge is then used to develop policies and political agendas that reflect the public's input. In addition, public opinion polls and political data provide insights into the effectiveness of the policies and political agendas already in place.
Overall, public opinion polls and political data are crucial in democratic societies, as they provide a mechanism for the public to participate in decision-making and hold their elected officials accountable. By incorporating the public's input into political agendas and policies, decision-makers can create more effective and responsive governance that reflects the needs and priorities of the people.
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Project 2: SPQR: Senate and People of Rome Assignment Introduction: The Roman Republic was founded when the Romans freed themselves from Etruscan rule and established an independent city-state. Rome became a representative republic with institutions that mitigated the tendency to concentrate political power in the hands of a ruling elite, but the Romans also had strong executive authority that provided effective leadership and guarded against populist anarchy. Directions: Based on your studies of the Roman governmental organization, write a 1-2 page essay describing in detail the governmental structure of the Roman Republic, explaining how the Romans created governmental institutions that prevented the concentration of political power and ensured Middle Class participation in the government of the Roman Republic. You may refer to the textbook readings, any assigned videos, or other academic materials from libraries or the internet as you desire. Be sure to use your own words, and cite sources that you use in your essay.
The Roman Republic was a representative form of government in which power was held by the people and exercised through their elected representatives. This government system was divided into three branches: the Senate, the Assembly of the Centuries, and the magistrates.
The Senate was the most important of the three branches, serving as the chief advisory council for the Roman Republic. The Senate had the power to approve or reject laws proposed by magistrates, appoint foreign ambassadors, and, in times of crisis, even appoint a temporary dictator. The Senate was composed of around 300 wealthy and politically influential citizens, who held their seats for life. The Assembly of the Centuries was a legislative body made up of all Roman citizens.
This assembly had the power to approve or reject laws proposed by magistrates and elect the highest officials of the Roman Republic. However, the Assembly of the Centuries had no power to initiate laws or propose legislation. The magistrates were elected officials who held their positions for one year. They were responsible for enforcing the laws and maintaining order in the Roman Republic. The magistrates were divided into two categories: the executive magistrates and the judicial magistrates.
The executive magistrates included the two consuls, who were the highest elected officials in the Roman Republic. They had the power to veto each other's actions, and their authority extended to both military and civilian affairs. The judicial magistrates, on the other hand, were responsible for administering justice and resolving disputes. They included the praetors, who were responsible for hearing cases involving Roman citizens, and the quaestors, who were responsible for managing the financial affairs of the Roman Republic.
In conclusion, the Roman Republic was a complex system of government that was designed to prevent the concentration of power in the hands of a few individuals. Through the use of a representative system of government, the Romans were able to ensure that all citizens had a voice in the political process, and that power was held by the people and exercised through their elected representatives. While the Roman Republic had its flaws, including the exclusion of women and slaves from the political process, it was a revolutionary system of government that served as a model for the development of modern democratic societies.
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How does the media contribute to the model minority myth for many Asian American groups?
Do you think that hate crimes against Asian Americans are common? Why is it that when people think of hate crimes, they usually think of African Americans?
In American society, the media's portrayal of Asian Americans has always been a double-edged sword. In reality, many people believe that Asian Americans are model minorities and that they are well-educated, well-off, and successful.
The media's portrayal of Asian Americans as a model minority is one way in which the media has contributed to the model minority myth. The term "model minority" refers to a minority group that has achieved a high level of success in terms of socioeconomic status and education, despite experiencing racism and discrimination. The idea of the model minority was created to differentiate Asian Americans from other minority groups that were seen as struggling, such as African Americans and Latinos.
While the idea of the model minority may seem flattering, it is ultimately harmful because it reinforces negative stereotypes about other minority groups while creating an unrealistic expectation for Asian Americans. It perpetuates the myth that racism and discrimination do not exist in America and that Asian Americans do not face any significant barriers to success. This, in turn, leads to the erasure of the experiences of Asian Americans who do face racism and discrimination.
Hate crimes against Asian Americans are common, and they have been on the rise since the COVID-19 pandemic began. The majority of hate crimes are committed against Asian American women. Despite this, hate crimes against Asian Americans are often overlooked or ignored by the media and law enforcement. When people think of hate crimes, they usually think of African Americans because African Americans have historically been the targets of hate crimes in America. However, hate crimes against Asian Americans are just as significant, and they are a growing problem in America.
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Q2 Most companies want to have a reputation for environmental responsibility, but there are different "shades of green" in their commitments.24 They include (1) "light green"-compliance with the law; (2) "market green"-seeking competitive advantage by attending to customer preferences; (3) "stakeholder green"- responding to and fostering environmental concern in the stakeholders of the corporation, including suppliers, employees, and stockholders; and (4) "dark green"-creating products and using procedures that include respect for nature as having inherent worth. Which of these shades of green would you ascribe to GE and to SELF? (Note: read Corporations: Environmental Leadership, page 206-207)
The “shades of green” in environmental responsibility commitments include "light green," "market green," "stakeholder green," and "dark green." Here's how General Electric (GE) and Solar Electric Light Fund (SELF) fit into these categories:
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A 6-month-old infant stares at a new object for a considerably longer time when shown for the first time and then less time after that as more frequently shown. What is happening? O Habituation O Visual Cliff O Infant Determinism O Object Permanence
When an infant stares at a new object for a considerably longer time when shown for the first time and then less time after that as more frequently shown, habituation is happening. Habituation is a type of non-associative learning where an organism becomes accustomed to a repeated stimulus and begins to respond less to it over time.
As a result, the organism's response to the stimulus is gradually reduced. In the case of an infant, habituation is responsible for the decrease in the amount of time spent staring at an object after repeated exposure. This is due to the fact that the infant's brain becomes familiar with the object after seeing it several times, and as a result, the novelty of the object is no longer present.
When an infant stares at a new object for a considerably longer time when shown for the first time and then less time after that as more frequently shown, habituation is happening. This happens because the infant's brain becomes familiar with the object after seeing it several times and the novelty of the object is no longer present. In order to meet the word requirement of the question, here's a bit more information on habituation: The effect of habituation can be observed in a wide range of organisms, from simple invertebrates to complex vertebrates, including humans. Habituation is often used in research to investigate cognitive processes and sensory adaptation in infants and other organisms. Habituation is also used in therapy and rehabilitation to treat anxiety disorders, phobias, and other conditions.
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While many species use behavioral signals to communicate, most researchers agree this does not qualify as language. What is lacking? a. behavioral signals that mean something to another member of the species b. arbitrary behaviors that can be assembled and reassembled in almost infinite variety c. sounds that have a purpose d. action potentials from the motor neurons that send signals to move the mouth
While many species use behavioral signals to communicate, most researchers agree this does not qualify as language. Behavioral signals that mean something to another member of the species are lacking. So, option a is correct.
The difference between language and communication is that language is symbolic, and communication is not. It's one of the reasons why scientists distinguish language as a unique characteristic of the human species. Therefore, since other species use communication systems, we must define what distinguishes language from other kinds of communication.
Communication is the exchange of information or ideas between people, animals, or machines. In other words, communication is information transfer. This transfer of information can occur via several methods, including sight, sound, or touch.What is language?Language is a system of communication that employs symbols, such as words, to convey meanings. Language allows for the creation of novel utterances from a limited set of symbols. Human language is distinguished by its symbolic nature and its generative capacity.
The distinction between language and communication is significant because it highlights the unique characteristic of human language. Although many animals have systems of communication, only humans have a language with the capacity to generate novel utterances from a limited set of symbols. So, option a is correct.
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If Susanne never leaves her house because she is fearful of open spaces, a behaviorist would say:
a. She is being reward for her avoidance of the outdoors and will continue this lack of action
b. Her prefrontral cortex is appropriately, resulting in the fear conditioning
c. Her amygdala in the fear conditioning
d. She has displaced anxiety about another aspect of her life onto the idea of open spaces
If Susanne never leaves her house because she is fearful of open spaces, a behaviorist would say that she is being rewarded for her avoidance of the outdoors and will continue this lack of action.
The behaviorist would say that because according to the principles of operant conditioning, negative reinforcement occurs when a behavior is rewarded by the cessation of a negative event or stimulus. Therefore, Susanne's avoidance of open spaces (the negative event) results in a reward (the absence of fear and anxiety), which reinforces her behavior, making her more likely to repeat it in the future.
For the other options:a. She is being rewarded for her avoidance of the outdoors and will continue this lack of action (Correct)b. Her prefrontral cortex is appropriately, resulting in the fear conditioning (Incorrect)c. Her amygdala in the fear conditioning (Incorrect)d. She has displaced anxiety about another aspect of her life onto the idea of open spaces (Incorrect)
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What topics will you discuss prior to marriage? You can include: religion, where you will spend holidays, decisions about having children, whether one spouse will stay home full-time with young children, how money decisions will be made, etc.
Before marriage, couples should discuss a variety of topics to ensure that they are on the same page about important issues that may arise in their relationship.
Some of the topics that couples may want to discuss include religion, where they will spend holidays, decisions about having children, whether one spouse will stay home full-time with young children, how money decisions will be made, etc.Religion is one topic that couples may want to discuss before getting married.
If both partners have different beliefs, it may be difficult to reconcile those differences and create a cohesive household. Couples may also want to discuss where they will spend holidays, as this can be a contentious issue for some families.
Decisions about having children should also be discussed before getting married. It is important to ensure that both partners are on the same page about whether or not they want children, and if so, how many they want. Couples may also want to discuss whether one spouse will stay home full-time with young children, or if they will both work.
Money is another important topic that couples should discuss before getting married. They should decide how they will make money decisions, whether they will pool their resources or keep their finances separate. Couples may also want to discuss their financial goals and how they plan to achieve them.
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Describe two biological changes that occur in later
adulthood and explain how the social environment
influence them and how these biological changes could affect the
psychological and social domains.
Biological changes in later adulthood, such as physical and cognitive decline, can impact the psychological and social domains, leading to feelings of frustration, anxiety, and reduced self-esteem in the elderly.
Biological changes that occur in later adulthood: There are various biological changes that occur in later adulthood. Two biological changes that occur in later adulthood are:1. Physical decline: In late adulthood, the body experiences physical decline, such as a decrease in muscle mass, hearing, vision, and reaction time.
As a result, older people are at greater risk of accidents and illness.2. Cognitive decline: Cognitive decline is also a common biological change that occurs in later adulthood. As people age, they may experience memory loss, difficulty in concentration, and slower cognitive processing.
The social environment influences biological changes by promoting or hindering healthy lifestyle habits. For example, social support, such as regular exercise, healthy eating habits, and proper sleep habits, can help reduce the risk of chronic disease, while social isolation and loneliness can increase the risk of chronic disease and decrease the quality of life.
The social environment influences biological changes and can cause the elderly to age gracefully or at an accelerated pace. How biological changes could affect psychological and social domains: Physical and cognitive decline, as biological changes, could affect psychological and social domains.
Physical decline, for example, may cause elderly individuals to feel frustrated or upset about their limitations, while cognitive decline may cause anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem. These feelings could affect the psychological well-being of the elderly.
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Did gender role stereotypes affect a particular age group more than another? For example, were toys for preschool more gender typed than toys for 8 year olds? Why do you think there may or may not be differences? What were the two most common themes among (a) boys' toys and (b) girls' toys?
Yes, gender role stereotypes affected a particular age group more than another. Toys for the preschool age group were more gender-typed than toys for 8-year-olds.
Did gender role stereotypes affect a particular age group more than another?Gender role stereotypes affect a particular age group more than another. For example, toys for the preschool age group were more gender-typed than toys for 8-year-olds. Studies have shown that from birth, children are socialized into gender roles. They learn what is expected of them based on the gender they are assigned at birth and they adapt to these expectations as they grow older. Thus, they begin to develop gender roles in their early years.
Why there may or may not be differences?There may or may not be differences because different age groups of children perceive gender in different ways. For example, preschoolers may not understand the difference between gender and biological s-ex, while older children may understand the difference and begin to form their own gender identity. Additionally, different cultures and societies may have different attitudes towards gender, which can affect the development of gender roles in children.
What were the two most common themes among (a) boys' toys and (b) girls' toys?The two most common themes among boys' toys are aggression and competition. For example, boys' toys such as action figures, cars, and building blocks often promote violence and competition. On the other hand, the two most common themes among girls' toys are nurturing and appearance. For example, girls' toys such as dolls, dress-up kits, and play kitchens often promote nurturing and beauty standards.
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1a) Some psychologists would say that the fears of heights and snakes are so common because they are adaptive. In other words, earlier humans that were afraid of heights and snakes were more likely to survive than those who were not afraid, and as a result, many modern day humans have such fears.
What types of psychologists would be most likely to explain the fears of heights and snakes in this way?
Group of answer choices
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
feminist
humanistic
1b) Alonzo created a new study technique. He got 60 students to test out his new technique. Half of them were taught the new technique, while the other half were not. All of the students were then given a psychology exam.
What group were the students who learned the technique in?
comparison group
experimental group
constant group
control group
1c) The overall group of people that a researcher is interested in, intends to generalize the results of their study to, and draws their participants from is referred to as what?
Group of answer choices
experimental group
independent variable
population
sample
1d) process in which researchers seek to confirm the results other researchers have found by repeating the original study
1e) A researcher interested in factors that lead to employee satisfaction would most likely identify as what type of psychologist?
Group of answer choices
clinical
developmental
industrial/organizational
social
1f) A researcher is conducting an experiment on the effects of a new drug intended to treat symptoms of depression. In order to ensure the research assistants interacting with the participants in the study do not introduce bias into the study's results, the researcher uses a certain technique. With use of this technique, neither the research assistants nor the participants will know which of the participants will be given the drug or the placebo.
What is this technique called?
Group of answer choices
single-blinding
double-blinding
double deception
single deception
1g) A correlation coefficient tells us about the direction of the relationship between two variables. What else does it tell us about the relationship between the two variables?
Group of answer choices
the strength
the reliability
the validity
the basis
1h) Dione is interested in the viewpoints of at least 20,000 Californians on the topic of poverty in California. What may be the best research method for her to use in an effort to collect this information?
Group of answer choices
observation
experimental
survey
case study
1a) Evolutionary psychologists are the most likely psychologists to explain the fears of heights and snakes in this way. They believe that the human mind evolved to solve the problems our ancestors faced in their environments.
According to this theory, the fears of heights and snakes developed as a way to protect humans from danger and increase their chances of survival. This adaptive explanation suggests that people with these fears were more likely to survive and reproduce in the past than those without them.
1b) The students who learned the technique are in the experimental group. The experimental group is the group that is exposed to the independent variable. In this case, the independent variable is Alonzo's new study technique.
1c) The overall group of people that a researcher is interested in, intends to generalize the results of their study to, and draws their participants from is referred to as the population.
1d) The process in which researchers seek to confirm the results other researchers have found by repeating the original study is called replication.
1e) A researcher interested in factors that lead to employee satisfaction would most likely identify as an industrial/organizational psychologist. Industrial/organizational psychologists focus on behavior in the workplace, including issues of productivity, motivation, and morale.
1f) The technique used to ensure that research assistants and participants do not know which of the participants will be given the drug or the placebo is called double-blinding.
1g) A correlation coefficient tells us about the strength of the relationship between two variables.
1h) The best research method for Dione to use in an effort to collect information from at least 20,000 Californians on the topic of poverty in California is a survey. Surveys are useful for gathering data from a large number of people in a short period of time, and they can be conducted in person, over the phone, through the mail, or online.
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Known Sources of Crime – Reiman (in Course Materials and power points).
11. What are the four known sources of crime, and how are these known sources consistent with Reiman’s Pyrrhic Deferent Theory and why? (See power points for the definition of the Pyrrhic Deterrent Theory.)
Reiman's Pyrrhic Deterrence Theory argues that the criminal justice system, instead of effectively deterring crime, disproportionately targets and punishes individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. The theory suggests that the criminal justice system serves as a "pyrrhic victory" by giving an illusion of crime control while perpetuating social inequalities.
The four known sources of crime that align with Reiman's theory are as follows:
1. Poverty and Economic Inequality: Poverty and economic inequality are significant contributors to crime rates. Socioeconomic disadvantage, limited access to resources and opportunities, and income disparities create an environment conducive to criminal behavior. Reiman's theory contends that the criminal justice system tends to target and punish individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds rather than addressing the underlying structural causes of crime.
2. Structural Inequalities: Reiman's theory emphasizes that the criminal justice system often fails to address structural inequalities, such as racial and gender disparities. Marginalized communities, particularly people of color and those belonging to disadvantaged groups, face disproportionate policing, harsher sentencing, and limited access to legal representation. These structural inequalities perpetuate the cycle of crime and contribute to the pyrrhic nature of deterrence efforts.
3. Socialization and Subcultural Influence: Reiman argues that the socialization process and subcultural influences play a role in crime rates. Factors such as exposure to violence, dysfunctional families, peer influence, and lack of positive role models contribute to criminal behavior. However, instead of addressing the underlying social factors, the criminal justice system often focuses on punitive measures that disproportionately impact marginalized individuals.
4. Systemic Failures: Reiman's theory highlights the systemic failures of the criminal justice system, including biased law enforcement practices, inadequate rehabilitation programs, and limited reintegration support for individuals exiting the criminal justice system. These failures perpetuate the cycle of crime by failing to address the root causes and provide meaningful opportunities for individuals to reintegrate into society successfully.
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part1- Explain imitation and shaping to someone new to behavior analysis using behavior analytic terms that are simplified in your explanation.
part2- Provide ONE (1) ORIGINAL real-life example of EACH of the following: Imitation, generalized imitation, and shaping. (3 examples total).
To someone new to behavior analysis using behavior analytic terms that are simplified in your whereby an individual acquires a new behavior through the observation of another person performing the same behavior.
In other words, the behavior is duplicated or mimicked by the observer. For example, if a child sees her mother wash dishes, she may attempt to wash dishes as well.Shaping is a learning process whereby the reinforcement is used to develop.
A new behavior that is not present in the individual's behavior repertoire this is achieved by reinforcing successive approximations of the desired behavior. For example, if a child is learning to read, they may be reinforced for looking at a book, then for turning the pages, and finally for sounding out words. This process is continued until the child is reading fluently real-life example of EACH of the following: Imitation, generalized imitation, and shaping. examples total)Imitation: A child might observe a sibling riding a bicycle and attempt to ride a bicycle in a similar way.
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John is walking down the street when he meets a homeless person who asks John for money to buy a meal. He decides not to help that person because John would receive no benefit from doing so. John has used which of the following ethical theories in making this decision?
Group of answer choices
A. Deontology
B. Social Contract
C. Utilitarianism
D. Objectivism
The correct option is C. John has used Utilitarianism ethical theory in making the decision.
Utilitarianism is the ethical theory that John used to make this decision. Utilitarianism suggests that an action or decision is morally right if it brings the greatest good or happiness to the greatest number of people. In John's case, he did not help the homeless person because he believed that there was no benefit to him by doing so. Utilitarianism would argue that John's decision was not ethical because he did not consider the happiness or well-being of the homeless person. Instead, he only considered the benefit to himself.
According to utilitarianism, John should have helped the homeless person if doing so would have resulted in the greatest good for the greatest number of people. In this case, helping the homeless person would have resulted in a small increase in happiness for the homeless person and no harm to John, so it would have been an ethical choice.
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Discuss the Issues and challenges faced by Pakistan in the
future. The entire essay should be based problems and challenges
only in the future.
word count 450-500 words
Pakistan is a developing country with a variety of challenges that must be addressed to ensure long-term growth and development.
Here are some of the problems and challenges that Pakistan may face in the future:
Political instability: Pakistan's political system has been prone to instability and uncertainty over the years, which has hampered progress and economic development. In the future, political turmoil may continue to be a challenge for the country.
Corruption: Corruption is a major issue in Pakistan, and it affects all aspects of society, from politics to the economy. The government has made efforts to combat corruption, but it remains a significant challenge in the future.
Economic instability: Pakistan's economy has been unstable for a long time, and it is prone to external shocks such as fluctuations in global oil prices and natural disasters. In the future, economic stability may continue to be a challenge for Pakistan.
Education: Pakistan has made progress in improving access to education, but there is still a long way to go. Quality education is essential for the country's future growth and development, and it remains a challenge to ensure that all children have access to good education.
Healthcare: Pakistan has made progress in improving healthcare, but there are still many challenges to be addressed. For example, access to healthcare is limited in many rural areas, and there are shortages of healthcare workers. In the future, ensuring access to good healthcare may be a challenge for Pakistan.
Security: Pakistan has faced security challenges for many years, and it continues to be a concern. Terrorism, sectarian violence, and other forms of violence are still a threat to the country's stability and prosperity.
Environmental challenges: Pakistan is facing a range of environmental challenges, including deforestation, air pollution, and climate change. In the future, addressing these environmental issues will be important for the country's long-term growth and development.
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This is a Multiple Choice Question. Select the ONE answer you think is correct.
How did the papacy respond to the news of the Battle of Hittin and the Fall of Jerusalem?
The reigning pope (Urban III) died allegedly of shock and grief, and his successor (Gregory VIII) quickly appealed for a new crusade in the encyclical Audita tremendi.
The reigning pope (Urban III) died before hearing the news. His successor (Gregory VIII) hesitated for months before proclaiming a crusade, since his relations with the German emperor were acrimonious.
Because the papacy was in schism, Urban III and the anti-pope Gregory VIII simultaneously issued appeals for a crusade — weakening thereby chances of a strong, united response.
The answer to the question is "The reigning pope (Urban III) died allegedly of shock and grief, and his successor (Gregory VIII) quickly appealed for a new crusade in the encyclical Audita tremendi."
The news of the Battle of Hittin and the Fall of Jerusalem was met with shock and grief by the papacy. The reigning pope (Urban III) died allegedly of shock and grief, and his successor (Gregory VIII) quickly appealed for a new crusade in the encyclical Audita tremendi.
Therefore, the correct option is: The reigning pope (Urban III) died allegedly of shock and grief, and his successor (Gregory VIII) quickly appealed for a new crusade in the encyclical Audita tremendi.
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HELPPP ME BRAIN IS FRYINGGGG
Answer:
de que materia es tu tarea
Question 1 1 points Save Antwer When you say the word "horse" in the context of: Do you remember the name of the horse who won the Triple Crown several years ago, BEST illustrates which of the following aspects of meaning? Oa. Sense Ob. Reference Oc. Connotative meaning Od. Denotative meaning
In the given context, the word "horse" refers to a specific animal that won the Triple Crown several years ago. The answer is reference. Option B is correct.
Reference aspect of meaning is illustrated in the given context as the word "horse" is used to refer to a specific animal that won the Triple Crown several years ago. This aspect of meaning deals with how language refers to objects, people, or events in the real world. It is concerned with the relationship between language and the world. In this case, the word "horse" is being used as a reference to a specific animal.
Other aspects of meaning include sense, which is concerned with how words are used in a particular context, denotative meaning, which refers to the dictionary definition of a word, and connotative meaning, which deals with the emotional and cultural associations that a word carries.
Option B holds true.
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What are the three leading causes of infant mortality? For each
cause, suggest two or more public health measures aimed at reducing
risk.
The three leading causes of infant mortality are premature birth or low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and congenital malformations.
The following are public health measures that are suggested to decrease the risk of these causes:Premature birth or low birth weight:Ensure adequate maternal nutrition and weight gain throughout pregnancy.Promote smoking cessation and discourage smoking during pregnancy.
Assist pregnant women in reducing stress levels.Provide early prenatal care.Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS):Promote the use of infant sleep-positioning devices, such as infant sleeping bags, to reduce the risk of sleeping in a prone position.Promote the use of pacifiers while the baby sleeps.Monitor the baby's sleeping environment, ensuring that the baby is not overheated and that soft objects, such as loose blankets and stuffed toys, are kept away from the baby's sleeping space.Provide the baby with a separate sleeping space.
Congenital malformations: Provide preconception care and counseling. Encourage breastfeeding, which can help with proper growth and development. Provide newborn screening and early intervention for congenital anomalies. Encourage the adoption of a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy and after delivery, including abstaining from alcohol and drugs and practicing safe sex.
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In MacDorman and Singh’s (1998) study comparing births attended by nurse-midwives and births attended by physicians, the results indicated that
a. nurse-midwife-attended births led to better birth outcomes.
b. physician-attended births led to better birth outcomes.
c. nurse-midwife-attended births led to lower infant mortality and higher risk of low-
birth weight infants.
d. physician-attended births led to lower infant mortality and higher risk of low-birth weight infants.
Mac Dorman and Singh (1998) compared births attended by nurse-midwives and births attended by physicians and found that physician-attended births had lower infant mortality rates and higher rates of low-birth weight infants compared to nurse-midwife-attended births. Option a.
MacDorman and Singh's (1998) study compared the outcomes of births attended by nurse-midwives and births attended by physicians in the United States. The study found that births attended by nurse-midwives had better outcomes than births attended by physicians. Specifically, the study found that nurse-midwife-attended births had lower rates of low birth weight infants, higher rates of vaginal births, and lower rates of cesarean sections.
However, they also found that nurse-midwife-attended births had lower rates of interventions, such as cesarean sections, and higher rates of breastfeeding, which can also impact birth outcomes positively. Thus, The correct answer is d. physician-attended births led to lower infant mortality and higher risk of low-birth weight infants. Option a is Correct.
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The goal of health insurance is to a. redistribute income from sick persons to healthy persons. b. spread the financial risk of a health event over a large group of people. c. equally distribute the probability of a medical event over a large number of people. d. equalize the availability of medical care across population groups.
The goal of health insurance is to spread the financial risk of a health event over a large group of people. Thus, option (b) is the correct answer.
Health insurance is a type of insurance coverage that covers the cost of medical and surgical expenses incurred by the insured. The insured is either reimbursed for expenses paid out-of-pocket or pays the health care provider directly. Health insurance covers different types of medical procedures, including doctor visits, medical tests, surgeries, and medications.What is the goal of health insurance?The main goal of health insurance is to spread the financial risk of a health event over a large group of people.
It is designed to protect individuals from the financial burden of unexpected health care costs. Health insurance ensures that when people fall sick or have a medical emergency, they can afford to get the care they need without worrying about the cost.In conclusion, the goal of health insurance is to spread the financial risk of a health event over a large group of people.
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. Using the "concepts of 'reliance interest' and 'epistemic congruence'' what would have been the socio-political ramifications in the Saskatchewan Appellate Court or Supreme Court of Canada has applied the precedence of Union Colliery v Bryden and ruled the Female Labour Act?
The socio-political ramifications in the Saskatchewan Appellate Court or Supreme Court of Canada would have been significant if they had applied the precedence of Union Colliery v Bryden and ruled the Female Labour Act and the concepts of "reliance interest" and "epistemic congruence" would have played a role in shaping the implications of such a ruling.
Reliance interest refers to the interests and expectations that individuals or groups have developed based on existing laws and precedents.
If the courts had applied the precedence of Union Colliery v Bryden and ruled the Female Labour Act, it would have affected the reliance interest of various stakeholders, including employers, employees, and advocacy groups. They would have to adjust their practices, policies, and strategies based on the new legal framework.
Epistemic congruence, on the other hand, relates to the alignment between legal decisions and the prevailing societal values, norms, and knowledge.
Applying the precedence of Union Colliery v Bryden and ruling the Female Labour Act would require considering whether such a decision would align with the socio-political climate of the time, including gender equality movements and evolving perspectives on workplace discrimination.
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How will you respond next time you hear the expression, "You throw like a girl?" What are some key factors that play a role in someone being a better thrower than someone else and how might these factors influence one’s ability to perform a skill? What do you think when you hear the expression, "You throw like a girl?"
The expression "You throw like a girl" is a derogatory statement. Key factors that play a role in throwing include practice, technique, and physical ability.
The expression "You throw like a girl" is a derogatory statement that perpetuates harmful gender stereotypes and undermines the abilities of female athletes. As a response, it is important to challenge this stereotype and recognize that throwing ability is not determined by gender but rather by practice, technique, and physical ability. It is essential to promote gender equality in sports and encourage female athletes to develop their skills and reach their full potential.
Key factors that play a role in someone being a better thrower than someone else include practice, technique, and physical ability. Practice is important for developing muscle memory, strength, and accuracy. The technique is crucial for throwing efficiently and effectively. Physical ability, such as strength, speed, and coordination, also plays a role in one's ability to perform a skill.
When someone uses the expression "You throw like a girl," it is typically meant to be an insult and implies that throwing like a girl is a negative thing. However, this statement is not only sexist but also inaccurate. Gender should not determine one's abilities, and it is important to recognize that girls and women can excel in sports just as much as boys and men.
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Who asked if you will be home for the holidays? Deep Structure Surface Structure: Movement Rules Used:
Deep Structure - The person asked if you will be home for the holidays.
Surface Structure - "Will you be home for the holidays?"
Movement Rules Used - The question is formed by applying movement rules to move the auxiliary verb "will" to the beginning of the sentence, resulting in the question form "Will you be home for the holidays?"
How is this so?The deep structure represents the intended meaning of the sentence, which is that someone asked about your holiday plans.
The surface structure is the actual sentence formed, using movement rules to place the auxiliary verb "will" at the beginning to form the question, "Will you be home for the holidays?"
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