Locke argued against the existence of innate ideas, stating that knowledge is acquired through experience rather than being inherent. He emphasized that universal agreement on certain truths would not prove the existence of innate ideas.
John Locke, a seventeenth-century British philosopher, criticized the idea of innate knowledge. Innate knowledge, according to the prevalent philosophical belief, is knowledge that exists within people's minds from birth. Locke argued that knowledge is gained through experience, not innate ideas.
He argued that all knowledge, including the idea of God, moral truths, and other concepts, is derived from experience and sensory input. Locke claimed that if there were any innate ideas, there would be universal assent, meaning that everyone would believe in them. He believed that it was doubtful that any truth could be found that all humans agree on.
He stated that if there were such a truth, it would be impossible to say whether it was innate or learned from experience. In conclusion, Locke argues that even if there were particular truths that all men agreed on, that fact would not prove the existence of innate ideas.
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Select only the statements that are TRUE.
A. On average, Asian-American girls enter puberty the latest among cultures.
B. Research shows that early-developing boys and girls are more confident than their peers.
C. Hispanic girls are usually the first to enter puberty compared to girls of other ethnic backgrounds.
D. Preadolescents who enter puberty don't like it because they stand out compared to their peers.
Out of the given statements, the only true statement is option B. Early-developing boys and girls are more confident than their peers.
Puberty is a crucial time for every child, and every child undergoes puberty at a different time. It is a period when the body undergoes several changes, and the adolescent's thoughts and behaviors are evolving. Here are the statements that are true.
A. On average, Asian-American girls enter puberty the latest among cultures. - This statement is false. There is no scientific evidence that Asian American girls enter puberty late or that any culture enters puberty before or after the other. Every child enters puberty when their body is ready.
B. Research shows that early-developing boys and girls are more confident than their peers. - This statement is true. The American Psychological Association conducted research in 2019, which concluded that early-developing boys and girls are more confident and assertive than their peers who are late developers
.C. Hispanic girls are usually the first to enter puberty compared to girls of other ethnic backgrounds. - This statement is false. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), African American girls usually enter puberty before Hispanic and Caucasian girls.
D. Preadolescents who enter puberty don't like it because they stand out compared to their peers. - This statement is false. According to research conducted by the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), children who enter puberty early are confident and have high self-esteem. They tend to fit in well with older children, and their peers see them as leaders.
Therefore, the children who enter puberty early are usually more confident and do not feel awkward compared to their peers. They feel more confident in their skin and have higher self-esteem than the children who enter puberty late.
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Write an introduction for the following topic which includes, Background- introducing disease and risk factor • Importance of disease • Motivation for study • Objective of study
Life Style (risk Factor): Cigarette smoking
Sub Risk Factor: Age, sex, educational level, type of employment, occupationally-related stress, social behaviour, year of study (as a student), etc.
Introduction: Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is a risk factor and the sub-risk factors involved are of utmost importance in order to prevent these diseases and promote healthy lifestyles.
Smoking poses a significant risk to health and contributes to the onset of many chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory illnesses, which are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As such, studying cigarette smoking as a risk factor and the sub-risk factors involved is of utmost importance in order to prevent these diseases and promote healthy lifestyles. Tobacco use causes an estimated 7 million deaths globally each year, with more than 6 million of these deaths attributed to direct tobacco use, and around 890,000 to second-hand smoke exposure.
The objective of this study is to investigate the sub-risk factors associated with cigarette smoking, including age, sex, educational level, type of employment, occupationally-related stress, social behavior, year of study (as a student), and others, in order to better understand the risk factors and potential interventions that can be implemented to reduce the prevalence of smoking and improve public health. Direct answer in two lines: Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of death worldwide. The objective of this study is to investigate the sub-risk factors associated with cigarette smoking.
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In As Nature Made Him by John Colapinto, What signaled gender to
David Reimer? (e.g., body parts, clothing, toys,
friends, lovers).
Gender was signaled to David Reimer primarily through clothing, toys, and social interactions in the book "As Nature Made Him" by John Colapinto.
David's gender identity was initially assigned as female following a medical accident in infancy. However, societal expectations surrounding clothing played a crucial role in signaling his assigned gender. He was encouraged to wear dresses and engage in activities traditionally associated with girls, which served as a constant reminder of the gender assigned to him.
Toys also played a significant part in signaling David's gender. He was given dolls and encouraged to engage in nurturing and domestic play, reinforcing the idea that he was expected to conform to feminine gender roles.
Furthermore, social interactions were influential in signaling David's gender. His parents, friends, and romantic partners treated him as a girl, reinforcing the societal expectations associated with that gender. These interactions shaped his understanding and acceptance of his assigned gender identity.
In summary, clothing choices, toys, and social interactions were the primary signals of gender for David Reimer in "As Nature Made Him." These external factors aligned with societal expectations for females and played a significant role in shaping his understanding of his assigned gender identity.
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Discomfort in theatre seating; the hostile gaze from 'slimmer' bodies; identity politics of body positivity or 'fat' pride.
WHICH approach in the geographies of the body would BEST help us to understand how bodily difference can be political sites of struggle and resistance?
Question 11 options:
a. Bodies taking up space
b. Bodies in space
c. Bodies as socially inscribed
d, Bodies as sensuous sites
The approach in the geographies of the body that would best help us to understand how bodily difference can be political sites of struggle and resistance is Bodies as socially inscribed. Option d is correct.
What are the geographies of the body?The geographies of the body is an approach that concentrates on the intersection between the body and the environment. In addition to focusing on the geographies of people's physical bodies, this research area also considers how culture, space, and societal institutions influence and interact with individuals.
This field of research is interdisciplinary, blending anthropology, cultural studies, geography, philosophy, and sociology into a comprehensive view of the human body. In order to comprehend how bodily difference can be political sites of struggle and resistance, the approach in the geographies of the body that would be best to use is the "Bodies as socially inscribed" approach.
According to this theory, bodily differences are created by social systems, cultural ideologies, and power relations and are used to enforce hierarchies, establish identity categories, and exercise power and control over particular groups. Thus, the correct option is d.
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Research participants were asked to complete a survey on political attitudes and were subsequently shown a disturbing series of photographs and asked to rate their subjective discomfort. What type of study is this? O Case control study O Correlational Study O an epidemiological study O an experimental study
The study described is an experimental study. It involves manipulating variables and measuring their effects on subjective discomfort.
In an experimental study, the researchers manipulate variables to observe the effects and determine causal relationships between them. In this case, the participants were asked to complete a survey on political attitudes (manipulation of independent variable) and were subsequently shown disturbing photographs, with the subjective discomfort rating being the measured outcome variable.
The researchers are actively controlling and manipulating variables to investigate the impact of the independent variable (political attitudes) on the dependent variable (subjective discomfort).
The study design allows the researchers to draw conclusions about the cause-and-effect relationship between political attitudes and subjective discomfort. By systematically varying the independent variable and measuring the dependent variable, the researchers can establish a causal link between the two.
This type of study design is often used in psychology and social sciences to examine the effects of different variables on human behavior, attitudes, or perceptions.
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please help philosophy Critical thinking
is this a cogent argument by analogy?
Recently, the Supreme Court considered the case of a Colorado baker who refused to bake a cake for a same-sex wedding couple, on the grounds of his religious beliefs. The court had to decide whether or not his actions violated the state’s anti-discrimination law. Many people thought the baker’s actions should be illegal, on the grounds of an argument by analogy to racism: 1. If you refuse to bake a wedding cake for an interracial couple, that would be an illegal form of discrimination. 2. Refusing to bake a cake for a same-sex marriage is relevantly similar to refusing to bake a cake for an interracial couple. Therefore, 3. If you refuse to bake a wedding cake for a same-sex couple, that ought to be an illegal form of discrimination, too. Recently, the philosopher John Corvino criticized this argument on the grounds that there are relevant dissimilarities between the two cases. Specifically, he says that Black communities have faced "pervasive, state-sponsored, and socially intractable" discrimination to an extent that LGBTQ individuals haven’t, and so you shouldn’t lump the two cases together. The entire article is worth reading.
A cogent argument is a type of inductive argument that's strong and holds good evidence for the conclusion to be true. The argument by analogy is a type of inductive argument that depends on the similarities between two different things.
The given argument by analogy is considered cogent because it is formed by three parts. The premises state that if refusing to bake a cake for an interracial couple is illegal discrimination, then refusing to bake a cake for a same-sex couple is also illegal discrimination. The conclusion then follows that if one refuses to bake a wedding cake for a same-sex couple, it is an illegal form of discrimination.
On the other hand, Corvino disagrees with the given argument by analogy. He highlights the fact that Black communities have faced "pervasive, state-sponsored, and socially intractable" discrimination to an extent that LGBTQ individuals haven’t, and so it is not appropriate to lump the two cases together. However, this doesn't make the given argument by analogy uncogent.Hence, the given argument by analogy can be considered a cogent argument.
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How might Freudian theorists use the psychosexual stages to explain obsessive-compulsive- disorder?
Freudian theorists suggest that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be linked to the fixation of libido (sexual energy) at one of the psychosexual stages. They argue that early life experiences that are associated with a traumatic event or overgratification of a stage might result in fixation.
The psychosexual stages are a series of five stages of human development that describe a child's growth in terms of sexual pleasure. The five stages are:Oral stageAal stagePhallic stageLatency stageGenital stageAccording to Freudian theorists, the child's sexual energy is focused on a particular region of the body, known as an erogenous zone, in each stage of psychosexual development.
For example, in the oral stage, the child's sexual pleasure is focused on the mouth, while in the aal stage, it is focused on the anus. If there are unresolved conflicts or fixation at any of the stages, it might lead to the development of various psychological disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
According to Freudian theorists, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be linked to the fixation of libido (sexual energy) at one of the psychosexual stages. They argue that early life experiences that are associated with a traumatic event or overgratification of a stage might result in fixation. The fixation results in the child being "stuck" in that particular stage, causing a delay in their development and preventing them from moving on to the next stage.
The energy that is supposed to be used to move on to the next stage is instead used up in the fixation, resulting in obsessions and compulsions that are characteristic of OCD.For example, if a child experiences overgratification during the oral stage, he/she might become fixated at that stage, which might result in an oral fixation.
This fixation, in turn, might result in the development of OCD later in life. Similarly, if a child experiences a traumatic event during the aal stage, they might become fixated at that stage, resulting in aal fixation. This fixation might lead to the development of OCD later in life, with obsessions and compulsions related to cleanliness and orderliness (as is characteristic of the aal stage).
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A college student sent a postcard to their parents with the message: S E N D + M O R E = M O N E Y If each letter represents a digit (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9), with different letters representing different digits and the same letter representing the same digit each time it occurs, how much money is being requested (SEND for the school tuition and MORE for other expenses)?
Given a college student sent a postcard to their parents with the message: S E N D + M O R E = M O N E Y, where SEND is for the school tuition and MORE is for other expenses.
The task is to find the amount of money being requested if each letter represents a digit (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9), with different letters representing different digits and the same letter representing the same digit each time it occurs.Steps to be followed:To solve this, first we have to find the digits for S, E, N, D, M, O, R, Y such that the given equation is satisfied.
Follow the below steps to find the digits:First, we will use the "trial and error" method to find the digits that satisfy the equation above.We know that the minimum value of SEND is 1000 and the maximum value is 9999 and also the minimum value of MORE is 1000 and the maximum value is 9999. If we add them, the minimum value of MONEY is 2000 and the maximum value is 19998.
From here, we have the following results: O = 0 (Because any number + 0 = number)M = 1 (Because any number + 1 > number)So the equation becomes:SEND + 1ORE = 1ONEYFrom here, it can be concluded that since O = 0, E = 5 or 6 (the carry over from D + E is either 1 or 2, so 5 + 6 = 11 or 6 + 5 = 11). And also, since N is greater than 0, D must be at least 1. Since the digits used are 0, 1, 5, and 6, only 2 and 9 are left to use for N and Y. Since Y + E = E (mod 10), Y must be 9, and N must be 2. This means that D = 7 and E = 5.
Therefore, the required amount of money is:SEND = 7 9 6 2, and MORE = 1 0 5 3, and MONEY = 1 0 6 1 5. Hence, the required amount of money being requested is $10,615.
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You are required to answer the below questions below and support your discussions with a literature review from reputable sources.
a. Describe consumer psychology with relevant examples.
Consumer psychology involves studying individuals' thoughts, emotions, perceptions, and behaviors in relation to their interactions with products, brands, and marketing stimuli.
What does consumer psychology entail, and can you provide relevant examples?Consumer psychology refers to the study of individuals' thoughts, emotions, perceptions, and behaviors in relation to their interactions with products, brands, and marketing stimuli.
It aims to understand how consumers make decisions, form attitudes, and develop preferences in the context of consumption.
One aspect of consumer psychology is understanding consumer motivations and needs.
For example, a consumer may be motivated to purchase a luxury watch not only for its functional purpose of telling time but also for the symbolic value it represents in terms of status and prestige.
Another area of consumer psychology is the influence of emotions on consumer behavior. Emotions can play a significant role in shaping consumer choices and brand preferences.
For instance, a consumer may choose a particular brand of chocolate because it evokes positive emotions and creates a sense of comfort and indulgence.
Cognitive processes also play a role in consumer psychology. Consumers engage in information processing, evaluation of alternatives, and decision-making.
For instance, when considering the purchase of a new smartphone, consumers may compare features, read reviews, and weigh the perceived benefits and costs before making a decision.
Social factors also impact consumer behavior. Consumers are influenced by social norms, reference groups, and social media.
For example, a consumer may choose to purchase a specific brand of athletic shoes because their friends or social media influencers endorse it, aligning with the desire to belong and be accepted within a particular group.
These are just a few examples of how consumer psychology operates in the context of consumer decision-making. To provide a comprehensive literature review on consumer psychology, I recommend consulting reputable academic journals and publications in the field of consumer behavior, psychology, and marketing.
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Explain what these concepts, the territorial sea, exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and continental shelf boundaries as was used in the resolution of the Maritime Boundary dispute between Ghana and La Cote d’Ivoire.
The territorial Sea is a belt of the ocean adjacent to coastal states where these countries have sovereignty over the water. An EEZ is a zone where the coastal state has exclusive rights to explore and exploit marine resources.
The Ghana-La Côte d'Ivoire Maritime Boundary Dispute was a boundary dispute between the two West African countries, Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire, over the maritime boundary between them, specifically within the territorial sea, exclusive economic zone (EEZ), and continental shelf boundaries. Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire disputed ownership of the area after both countries signed a treaty to settle the issue in 2007. Ghana claimed that the boundary should follow the equidistance line, while Cote d'Ivoire said that the boundary should be adjusted to include some of the disputed areas within its own EEZ.
The tribunal's ruling on September 23, 2017, confirmed that Ghana was entitled to the majority of the disputed area, while Cote d'Ivoire was entitled to some. It was determined that the territorial sea boundary between Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire follows an equidistance line between the two countries, while the maritime boundary from the territorial sea boundary to the outer limit of Ghana's EEZ follows a single maritime boundary line.
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Given the passage below: (5 Marks)
"Conflicts in Russia and Ukraine are likely to affect how much wheat is available for purchase in global market since Russia and Ukraine are major global wheat exporters. When there is a shortage of wheat, bread prices usually rise. Therefore, the price of bread and other bread based products would rise in different wheat importing countries globally."
Make a judgement about whether the argument is likely to be based on sound or false premises. Give reasons for your answers
The argument provided can be considered based on sound premises.
This is because the statement is made on the basis of the following premises:
Conflicts in Russia and Ukraine affect wheat availability.Russia and Ukraine are important global wheat exporters.Wheat shortages typically cause bread prices to rise.So, based on the mentioned premises, it can be said that the argument provided is based on sound premises. The reason for this is that the premises are all logical, valid, and true. When there is conflict in a major wheat-exporting nation, it is common for wheat supplies to be disrupted, which can have an impact on global wheat prices. Additionally, Russia and Ukraine are two of the world's largest wheat exporters, so a disruption in their supplies could have a major impact on the global market.
Moreover, it is a well-established fact that a shortage of wheat leads to an increase in the price of bread. Therefore, the argument can be considered sound because it is based on valid and well-established premises.
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AC 2.1 Explain the importance of ethical behaviour for an HR professional and the potential consequences (personal and professional) of unethical behaviour?
two reasons why ethical behaviour is important to HR practitioners
two examples of the consequences of unethical behaviour for HR
Ethical behavior is crucial for HR professionals due to the following reasons:
1. Trust and credibility: Ethical behavior builds trust and credibility among employees, management, and stakeholders. HR professionals deal with sensitive employee information, handle confidential matters, and make important decisions that impact individuals and the organization as a whole. By demonstrating ethical conduct, HR professionals foster trust and confidence in their abilities, which is essential for effective employee relations and organizational success.
2. Compliance with laws and regulations: HR professionals play a vital role in ensuring compliance with labor laws, regulations, and ethical standards within the workplace. Adhering to ethical behavior ensures that HR practices align with legal requirements, fairness, and equity. By upholding ethical standards, HR professionals contribute to creating a positive work environment that protects employee rights and promotes equality.
Examples of the consequences of unethical behavior for HR professionals include:
1. Damaged reputation: Engaging in unethical behavior can severely damage an HR professional's reputation both personally and professionally. News of unethical conduct can spread quickly, tarnishing their credibility and diminishing trust in their judgment. This can have long-lasting effects on their career prospects and professional relationships.
2. Legal and financial repercussions: Unethical behavior in HR can lead to legal consequences and financial liabilities for both the individual and the organization. Violations of employment laws or discriminatory practices can result in lawsuits, fines, and damage to the company's reputation. HR professionals may face personal liability and potential legal action if found responsible for engaging in unethical behavior.
In conclusion, ethical behavior is essential for HR professionals to maintain trust, credibility, and compliance within the organization. The consequences of unethical conduct can range from damaged reputations to legal and financial repercussions. Upholding ethical standards not only benefits the HR professional but also contributes to a positive work environment and the overall success of the organization.
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Identify two social factors and trends that influenced the
development of professional nursing in the United States.
250 words
Be sure to cite your sources.
please use the source below and a scholarly
Two social factors and trends that influenced the development of professional nursing in the United States are the rise of women in the workforce and the impact of wars.
Women have been dominant in the nursing profession since the beginning of time. The presence of women in the nursing workforce was necessary to meet the needs of the patients, especially during war periods. Women entered the nursing profession because of the opportunities provided to them to work outside the home, the need for women to work to support their families, and the opportunity to be in the medical field as a professional.
The presence of women in the nursing profession has made a huge impact on healthcare delivery in the United States. A second social factor that has influenced the development of professional nursing in the United States is the impact of wars. The demand for nurses increases during wartime due to the large number of casualties, which has contributed to the expansion of nursing education and the development of nursing as a profession.
Nurses have played a vital role in healthcare delivery during wars, and they have been recognized for their heroic services. Nursing education, research, and practice have advanced tremendously due to the experiences and skills nurses acquired during the wartime period. In conclusion, the rise of women in the workforce and the impact of wars are two social factors and trends that influenced the development of professional nursing in the United States.
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Write 500-700 words about Generalized Anxiety Disorder.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a type of mental illness that is characterized by excessive and persistent worry and fear about everyday situations.
People with GAD may find it difficult to control their worries and may experience physical symptoms such as muscle tension, fatigue, irritability, and difficulty sleeping. GAD affects around 6.8 million adults in the United States, with women being twice as likely as men to be diagnosed with the disorder. The exact causes of GAD are not yet fully understood, but it is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and biological factors.
Treatment for GAD may involve a combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes. Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are often used to treat GAD. Therapy may include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which can help individuals learn to challenge and change negative thought patterns that contribute to their anxiety. Lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, stress management techniques, and a healthy diet may also help to reduce symptoms of GAD.
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write a summary on the article by Bryan Stevenson for american
history
The article by Bryan Stevenson highlights the need for people to acknowledge the shortcomings of the legal system and take action to address them.
Bryan Stevenson has given a remarkable and memorable speech about the critical condition of the legal system in the United States in the last decade, particularly its involvement in the marginalization of some groups in society. In his speech, Stevenson discusses the myth of American exceptionalism, the implications of the United States' historical legacy of slavery and the Civil War, and the challenges faced by the legal system in ensuring that justice is served for everyone. According to Stevenson, American exceptionalism is the belief that America is superior to other nations in terms of democracy and justice, which is not always true.
Moreover, American exceptionalism has given birth to a culture of indifference that makes it easy for people to disregard the suffering and oppression of minorities in the country. The historical legacy of slavery and the Civil War have contributed to this culture of indifference. Stevenson argues that the United States is still struggling to come to terms with its past and address the issues that arise from it. Additionally, he suggests that the legal system has a significant role to play in this process. However, the legal system has not always been effective in ensuring justice for all.
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"Thank you Ma'am" by Langston Hughes.
In this story "Thank you Ma'am" Explain character analysis.
Citations required for quotes and paraphrases.
The main character in Langston Hughes’s “Thank You Ma’am” is Roger, a young, impoverished fourteen year old boy. Although he is goal-oriented, he lacks moral conviction and the ability to see the long-term consequences of his actions.
Hughes describes Roger as “a big husky fellow” who has “tree trunk legs” (Hughes 9). This physical description implies that Roger is strong-bodied yet undisciplined. He is the type of person who lives in the moment, trying to wrestle a purse away from “a large woman” (Hughes 9) in order to purchase a pair of shoes he desires. Despite failing in his plan, Roger gains an important lesson.
Throughout, Hughes portrays Roger as a sympathetic character, allowing the reader to easily relate to him. We root for him, wanting him to become a success and “to rise from his current predicament” (Parkinson Thus, Hughes presents Roger as a character we care for, especially when he behaves meekly in the presence of Mrs. Luella Bates Washington Jones, and inquisitively responds to her invitation into her home and offering of kindness.
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According to Locke, your consciousness: a. is something that would continue to exist in the original position and behind the "veil of ignorance
b. is entirely explainable in terms of objective physical facts, contrary to what Thomas Nagel holds c. is something extremely difficult to maintain during a Feser lecture d. could in theory come to exist in the soul or immaterial substance once occupied by someone else, such as Socrates In the example Thomas Reid uses when criticizing Locke: a. an old man remembers being a brave officer but does not remember being a young boy punished for stealing
b. an old man behind a veil of ignorance" does not remember what his race, sex, class, religion, or social status are
c. the self is an illusion, from which we need to be liberated d. the consciousness of a prince jumps to the body of a shoemaker and then comes back again
According to Locke, your consciousness is not something that would continue to exist in the original position and behind the "veil of ignorance" (Option a). Instead, Locke argues that consciousness is tied to personal identity and is contingent upon memory and self-awareness. Consciousness, for Locke, is the awareness and perception of one's own thoughts, experiences, and actions.
The example Thomas Reid uses when criticizing Locke is that of an old man who remembers being a brave officer but does not remember being a young boy punished for stealing (Option a). Reid uses this example to challenge Locke's theory of personal identity, asserting that memory alone is not sufficient to establish continuity of consciousness and personal identity. Reid suggests that personal identity is rooted in a deeper sense of self that extends beyond memory and includes a more fundamental understanding of one's existence.
In summary, Locke's view of consciousness emphasizes its connection to personal identity and the role of memory and self-awareness. Reid's critique questions the reliance on memory as the sole determinant of personal identity and highlights the complexity of the self.
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What is a construct? What is a measure? Discuss different levels of measures and give examples in your description. Pick a construct and describe that construct in detail. Next, find two research articles from peer-reviewed journals studying that construct. You are to find actual research studies talking about the construct, not review articles for measures. (Please ask if you don't understand the difference.) Include the references for those articles and a link to the articles. What specific measures were used in each study? If you were conducting your own study, which one (if either) would you use and why?
A construct is a psychological concept that describes a particular behavioral trait or characteristic. These constructs help scientists to explain, predict, and manage different behaviors.
Measure:A measure is a method that researchers use to evaluate a construct quantitatively. There are different types of measurement techniques and scales that researchers use to gauge the construct. Different levels of measures:There are different levels of measures that researchers use in psychology and other social sciences. These levels of measures depend on the properties of the variables that researchers are studying.
Some of the most common levels of measurement scales are:Nominal scales: This type of scale is categorical and is used to categorize different variables without ranking them. For example, gender and race are nominal variables. Ordinal scales: An ordinal scale orders variables in terms of their magnitude or size. However, it does not provide a measure of the distance between variables.
For example, level of education can be an ordinal variable. Interval scales: These scales provide a measure of the distance between variables, but do not have a fixed zero point. Examples of interval scales include temperature measurements. Ratio scales: These scales have a fixed zero point, and researchers can compare and measure the variables using the scale.Example of a construct:An example of a construct is self-esteem.
Self-esteem refers to the extent to which an individual has confidence in their abilities and their overall worth. Researchers can measure self-esteem using different scales, such as the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. Two research articles from peer-reviewed journals studying the self-esteem construct:Study 1:Mann, M. J., Hosman, C. M., Schaalma, H. P., & de Vries, N. K. (2004).
Self-esteem in a broad-spectrum approach for mental health promotion. Health education research, 19(4), 357-372.Study 2:Kidd, D. C., & Castano, E. (2013). Reading literary fiction improves theory of mind. Science, 342(6156), 377-380.
Thus, In Study 1, the researchers used the State Self-Esteem Scale and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale to measure self-esteem in a sample of young adults. In Study 2, the researchers used a reading task to improve theory of mind and self-esteem in the participants.If I were conducting a study on self-esteem, I would use the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale because it is a widely used scale that has high reliability and validity.
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If we accept the premises that resources available to meet the costs of healthcare are finite and that continuing to increase dollars allocated for healthcare expenses carries "opportunity costs" for the nation and our society, then as a national policy, should we allocate a set level of resources and apply them to achieving "the greatest good for the greatest number" (necessarily leaving some out) OR should we adopt the individualist approach of "those who can pay to get, those who can’t don’t"? Support your position with research.
When considering the allocation of resources in healthcare, there are different perspectives on how to prioritize and distribute these resources.
Let's examine the two approaches mentioned:
1. Allocating resources for the greatest good for the greatest number:
This approach prioritizes maximizing overall population health and well-being. It involves allocating resources based on criteria such as the cost-effectiveness of treatments, the potential for achieving significant health improvements, and addressing the needs of the most vulnerable populations. It aims to provide equitable access to healthcare services and ensure that as many people as possible receive necessary care.
Supporting this position, research has shown that an equitable allocation of healthcare resources can lead to improved health outcomes and reduced health disparities within a society. For example, studies on universal health coverage systems have demonstrated positive impacts on population health, reduced mortality rates, and improved access to essential healthcare services.
2. Individualist approach of "those who can pay to get, those who can't don't":
This approach advocates for a market-driven system where individuals who can afford healthcare services receive them, while those who cannot pay are excluded. It emphasizes personal responsibility and choice, allowing individuals to purchase the level of healthcare they desire or can afford.
Research suggests that adopting a purely market-based approach can lead to significant inequalities in healthcare access and outcomes. Studies have shown that income disparities are strongly associated with differences in healthcare utilization, with lower-income individuals facing barriers to accessing necessary care. This approach may result in neglecting the healthcare needs of disadvantaged populations, exacerbating health disparities, and undermining societal well-being.
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Nonverbal Communication
• Explain one of the types of nonverbal communication.
• Give an example of a time you were decoding this type of nonverbal communication. Be specific about the nonverbal communication you observed and the interpretation you gave the behavior.
• Explain how the example you chose illustrates 2-3 of the characteristics of nonverbal communication.
Nonverbal communication refers to the use of facial expressions, body language, and other visual cues to communicate non-verbally.
This type of communication can often be more powerful than spoken words, as it is often more immediate and harder to misinterpret. There are many different types of nonverbal communication, including facial expressions, body language, gestures, tone of voice, and touch. One type of nonverbal communication is eye contact.
Example: I remember a time when I was at a job interview, and the interviewer was talking to me, but he was avoiding eye contact. I interpreted this to mean that he was not interested in what I was saying or that he was not confident in his questions. I gave this interpretation because avoiding eye contact can be a sign of dishonesty, discomfort, or disinterest. This example illustrates the characteristic of immediacy, as eye contact is an immediate signal that can be easily decoded.
Additionally, it illustrates the characteristic of ambiguity, as avoiding eye contact can have many different interpretations depending on the context. Finally, it illustrates the characteristic of context-dependence, as the interpretation of eye contact can vary depending on the situation and the people involved.
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How are The Hula, Cook Island, and New Zealand's Maori
traditional dance alike and different?
The Hula, Cook Island, and New Zealand's Mauri traditional dance are alike in that they are all forms of traditional dance and they are all based on storytelling. They are different in terms of their origins, movements, costumes, and music. How are The Hula, Cook Island, and New Zealand's Maori traditional dance alike and different.
Similarities of The Hula, Cook Island, and New Zealand's Maori traditional dance:All three dances are part of traditional culture and they're based on storytelling. They are performed during special occasions like weddings, funerals, and festivals and often include singing, drumming, and chanting. The Hula, Cook Island, and Maori dances all have a spiritual significance and are used to honor the gods and ancestors.
Differences of The Hula, Cook Island, and New Zealand's Maori traditional dance:Origins: The Hula is native to Hawaii, while the Cook Island dance comes from the Cook Islands and the Maori dance is from New Zealand. Movements: The Hula involves fluid and graceful movements of the arms and hips, while the Cook Island dance emphasizes the legs and footwork. The Maori dance is characterized by stomping, slapping, and facial expressions. Costumes:
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Ms. Darrow's classroom management plan includes reinforcement in the form of a handwritten post-it note on which she writes, "Good job today!" Ms Darrow provides one of these notes to a single student each day. Other than this, there are no opportunities for positive reinforcement for appropriate behavior. Occasionally (approximately 3 times per day) Ms. Darrow has been observed saying. Thank you for working appropriately," to certain students when they have scored high on tests. Based on this description, what might we expect in this classroom environment? O. It is likely to be an environment with infrequent behavior problems O. It is likely to be an environment with frequent behavior problems O. It is likely to be an environment with high rates of socially appropriate behavior O .There is not enough information provided to determine details about the environment
We might expect in this classroom environment that it is likely to be an environment with infrequent behavior problems. Option a is correct.
The given description provides us with information regarding Ms. Darrow's classroom management plan. Ms. Darrow's classroom management plan incorporates positive reinforcement in the form of a handwritten post-it note on which she writes, "Good job today!" Ms Darrow provides one of these notes to a single student each day.
Other than this, there are no opportunities for positive reinforcement for appropriate behavior. There are infrequent behavior problems in the classroom, as stated in the description, and Ms. Darrow praises certain students when they score high on tests.
This indicates that her classroom is very well organized. Ms. Darrow’s approach has been highly effective in creating an environment with infrequent behavior problems. Therefore, it can be inferred that it is likely to be an environment with infrequent behavior problems.
Therefore, a is correct.
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How did the West African values and the Transatlantic Slave
trade develop conditions that gave birth to Hip-Hop?
West African values, including oral storytelling and musical traditions, were brought over to the Americas through the transatlantic slave trade. These values later influenced the development of hip-hop.
The transatlantic slave trade brought over West African people to the Americas as slaves, bringing with them their cultures, traditions, and values. One important aspect of West African culture that was brought over was oral storytelling, which was used to pass down history, culture, and tradition from one generation to the next. This tradition later influenced the development of rap in hip-hop culture. Additionally, West African musical traditions, such as drumming, also had an impact on the development of hip-hop music. The percussive rhythms of West African drums can be heard in the beats and rhythms of many hip-hop songs.
Furthermore, the conditions of oppression and marginalization that resulted from the transatlantic slave trade created a need for a form of self-expression, which led to the development of hip-hop as a means of giving voice to the experiences and struggles of African Americans. Thus, West African values and the transatlantic slave trade contributed to the development of hip-hop culture and music.
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The Great Depression - what is the biggest impact on shaping America today. What you need to focus on is how to support your choice. Pick your answer and then provide examples/evidence to back up your event as having the biggest impact. Your answer will need to be between 150-250 words (or roughly one to two pages). Please help :)
The Great Depression had a profound and lasting impact on the United States, shaping the nation in numerous ways. While it is challenging to identify a single aspect as the biggest impact, one significant consequence that continues to shape America today is the transformation of the role of the federal government and the expansion of its intervention in the economy.
During the Great Depression, the severe economic downturn highlighted the limitations of laissez-faire policies and the inadequacy of individualistic approaches to address systemic economic crises. As a response, the federal government, under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, implemented a series of unprecedented measures to provide relief, recovery, and reform. This marked a significant shift towards a more interventionist role for the government in the economy.
One key example of the lasting impact of the expansion of the federal government is the establishment of various social welfare programs that continue to exist today. The Social Security Act of 1935, for instance, created a framework for a safety net that includes retirement benefits, disability insurance, and survivor benefits. This program, along with subsequent expansions and reforms, has had a profound impact on the lives of millions of Americans by providing economic security and reducing poverty rates among the elderly.
Another example is the creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 1934, which aimed to regulate the securities industry and restore public trust in the stock market. The SEC's ongoing role in overseeing financial markets, enforcing regulations, and protecting investors has had a lasting impact on shaping the rules and regulations governing Wall Street and the broader financial sector.
Furthermore, the Great Depression also paved the way for the increased involvement of the federal government in promoting economic stability and regulating various industries. The government's intervention in areas such as labor relations, banking and finance, agricultural policies, and infrastructure development has left a lasting imprint on the American economy.
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This is a Multiple Answers Question, meaning that more than one answer may be correct. Select ALL the answers you think are correct.
What accounts for Richard the Lionheart's phenomenal charisma while on Crusade?
His imposing figure — tall, blond, and physically strong.
His amazing linguistic ability, including fluency in Greek and Arabic.
His combination of readiness and daring, balanced by a real genius for military tactics, and almost obsessive concern for the safety of his troops.
The correct options among the given multiple answers are:B. His amazing linguistic ability, including fluency in Greek and Arabic.C. His combination of readiness and daring, balanced by a real genius for military tactics, and almost obsessive concern for the safety of his troops.
Richard the Lionheart had phenomenal charisma while on Crusade due to his amazing linguistic ability, including fluency in Greek and Arabic and his combination of readiness and daring, balanced by a real genius for military tactics, and almost obsessive concern for the safety of his troops. However, his imposing figure — tall, blond, and physically strong, though it may have contributed to his overall image and authority, does not account for his phenomenal charisma while on Crusade, as Richard's charm was not entirely based on his physical appearance, but rather on his actions.
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note:Actually this is a crimonolgy question there was no option of criminology selection
Rita is a 36 year old first time non-violent federal offender serving a three year sentence for possession of narcotics. She has no criminal history or any outstanding charges. She is a single parent with a four year old son. At the time of the offence, she was experiencing significant financial difficulties, so when she was approached by a friend of a friend and offered a chance to earn $5, 000 by storing some cocaine in her home she agreed.
While waiting for trial, she was supervised on bail without incident for 15 months. Rita does not have a history of substance abuse, and the motivation for her crime was financial.
She does not have any extended family and her son’s father refuses to take responsibility for him, as a result, her son is in foster care.
She expresses regret for her actions and takes responsibility for her poor decision making. Since arriving in the institution two weeks ago, Rita has demonstrated an ability to follow rules. She has expressed an interest in upgrading her education, because she hopes this will help her secure more stable, higher paying jobs when she is released.
At your table consider the following questions;
1)How would you support Rita if you were the correctional officer in charge of her case.
2)Do you think arrangements should be made for her to have access to her son.
3)Do you think the people who talked her into doing this should also face charges.
4)Do you think Rita is destined to commit further criminal acts as a result of her spending time in jail.
note:Actually this is a crimonolgy question there was no option of criminology selection
1) If I were the correctional officer in charge of Rita's case, I would start by creating a rehabilitation plan with her to address the root cause of her offense, i.e. her financial difficulties. I would provide her with a vocational training program or other education opportunities, and help her develop life skills to secure stable employment. I would also recommend that she receive counseling to address any underlying emotional issues that might have contributed to her offense. I would encourage her to stay connected with her son and his foster family to ensure that they are both supported during her time in custody. Finally, I would make sure that Rita is treated with respect and dignity while she serves her sentence.
2) In my opinion, arrangements should be made for Rita to have access to her son as long as it is in his best interests and does not pose any risk to his safety or well-being. I would encourage her to maintain contact with her son through visits, phone calls, or video chats, and to participate in any relevant parenting programs or counseling that could help her build a stronger relationship with him.
3) Yes, I think the people who talked Rita into committing this crime should also face charges. They took advantage of her financial struggles and put her in a dangerous position. However, I think it is important to investigate the matter thoroughly and consider all the relevant evidence before making a decision.
4) I do not think that Rita is destined to commit further criminal acts as a result of her spending time in jail. While incarceration can be a difficult experience, it can also provide an opportunity for personal growth and positive change. By taking responsibility for her actions, expressing regret, and showing an interest in education and self-improvement, Rita has demonstrated a willingness to change her behavior. With the right support and resources, I believe she can successfully reintegrate into society and avoid further involvement in the criminal justice system.
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Describe three real/fictional persons using the three categories
in the triarchic theory of intelligence. (10 marks)
The triarchic theory of intelligence is a theory of intelligence that explains how intelligence is three-dimensional. The theory proposes three different aspects of intelligence that individuals use to understand and interact with their environment.
What are the aspects?These three aspects are Analytical Intelligence, Practical Intelligence, and Creative Intelligence. Below is the description of three fictional/real persons using the triarchic theory of intelligence:
Person 1: Albert Einstein
Analytical Intelligence: Albert Einstein is known for his analytical abilities. His analytical intelligence was exceptional as he came up with the theory of relativity. His intelligence was used to analyze different scientific problems and develop theories.
Practical Intelligence: Einstein also possessed practical intelligence. His practical intelligence helped him to work hard to achieve his goal of becoming a great scientist. He worked as a patent clerk for several years before achieving his goal.
Creative Intelligence: Einstein's creativity intelligence is evident from his scientific inventions and theories. He came up with many groundbreaking inventions and theories that proved his creative intelligence.
Person 2: Steve Jobs
Analytical Intelligence: Steve Jobs analytical intelligence helped him to understand the market trends and consumer behavior. He also used his analytical skills to analyze the feasibility of Apple's products.
Practical Intelligence: Steve Jobs' practical intelligence was impressive. He was able to market the Apple brand effectively, make practical decisions, and choose the right partners. He also knew how to manage human resources effectively and communicate his vision with others.
Creative Intelligence: Steve Jobs' creative intelligence is visible in the way he designed and developed Apple's products. The iPhone, iPod, and iPad are all great examples of his creative intelligence.
Person 3: Leonardo da Vinci
Analytical Intelligence: Leonardo da Vinci's analytical intelligence allowed him to understand and interpret complex scientific phenomena. He used his analytical skills to analyze the human anatomy and develop artistic techniques.
Practical Intelligence: Da Vinci's practical intelligence helped him to be a great painter and a great scientist. His practical intelligence helped him to work with various materials and inventions.
Creative Intelligence: Da Vinci's creative intelligence is evident in his famous works of art, including the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. His creativity extended beyond painting, as he also had inventive ideas, including designs for flying machines and other inventions.
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TASK 1:
Synopsis 1:
Mrs K, 73 years old, suffered an ankle fracture as a result of a fall in the bathroom. The doctor confirmed that Mrs. K had suffered a fracture due to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a chronic condition which often causes multiple related disabilities in older adults.
Question 1:
Use the relevant resources to explain your understanding of osteoporosis. Discuss the risk factors of osteoporosis and it prevention in order to promote health and wellness. (Marks / Markah: 30)
TASK 2 :
QUESTION 2 :
Recall your learning experience related to lifestyle adjustments to prevent chronic diseases through your own reading.Based on the experience, develop a health reflective journal on your own views related to the issue of preventing chronic diseases by particularly emphasizing the comprehensive benefits gained from practicing a healthy lifestyle.
Following a healthy lifestyle plan promotes overall well-being and increases the quality of life.
TASK 1:
Synopsis 1: Mrs. K, 73 years old, has an ankle fracture due to a fall in the bathroom. The doctor confirmed that Mrs. K had suffered a fracture due to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a chronic condition that often causes multiple related disabilities in older adults.
Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones become fragile and brittle, causing them to fracture or break easily. The bones' strength decreases due to a loss of calcium, which causes the bones to become thin and fragile. According to research, osteoporosis affects one in three women and one in five men over the age of 50.
The following are some of the risk factors for osteoporosis:
Lack of vitamin D and calcium in the diet
Excessive alcohol consumption
Sedentary lifestyle
Smoking
Menopause
Low body weight
Family history of osteoporosis
Preventing osteoporosis:
Consume a nutritious diet that includes calcium-rich foods like low-fat dairy products, green leafy vegetables, almonds, and salmon.
Regular exercise like walking, swimming, and jogging can help build strong bones.
Maintaining a healthy weight is important since being underweight puts you at risk for osteoporosis.
Avoid smoking and excessive drinking.
Get enough sunlight to aid in the absorption of vitamin D.
TASK 2:
QUESTION 2:
Reflective journal on the benefits of a healthy lifestyle:
Living a healthy lifestyle is critical for maintaining overall health and well-being. It encompasses a variety of activities that can help prevent chronic diseases and improve overall health and wellness. Following a healthy lifestyle plan includes eating a well-balanced diet, engaging in regular exercise, getting enough sleep, and avoiding habits that can be harmful to your health.
I have come to the realization that following a healthy lifestyle plan has numerous benefits, some of which are comprehensive. One of the most significant advantages is that it aids in the prevention of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. I now understand that engaging in regular exercise and eating a nutritious diet can help maintain a healthy weight, reducing the risk of developing such diseases.
Following a healthy lifestyle plan also enhances mental health, improves cognitive function, and increases energy levels. I have learned the importance of maintaining a healthy work-life balance, which involves regular physical activity, relaxation, and sufficient sleep. Practicing self-care is critical for mental and physical well-being.
Overall, following a healthy lifestyle plan promotes overall well-being and increases the quality of life.
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Given the passage below (5 Marks)
"University education should be provided free of charge. Every country needs a constant supply of people capable of fulfilling important jobs like doctors, engineers, and teachers, and so the country as a whole should meet the cost of training them. "
Find the intermediate conclusions in this passage. Explain why you think they are the intermediate conclusions.
The intermediate conclusions in the given passage are that university education should be provided free of charge and that the cost of training professionals like doctors, engineers, and teachers should be borne by the country as a whole.
The passage states that university education should be provided free of charge. This implies that the author believes it is necessary for higher education to be accessible to everyone without financial barriers. This conclusion is reached based on the argument that every country requires individuals with the skills to fulfill important roles such as doctors, engineers, and teachers. By providing free education, the country ensures a constant supply of capable professionals in these fields.
Furthermore, the passage suggests that the cost of training these professionals should be met by the country as a whole. This is an intermediate conclusion derived from the premise that every country needs a constant supply of skilled individuals for vital positions. The author believes that the responsibility of funding the education and training of professionals should be collectively shared by the entire nation.
These intermediate conclusions are reached by connecting the need for skilled professionals with the argument that the country should bear the cost of their training. The author's perspective is based on the belief that investing in free university education will ultimately benefit the country as a whole by ensuring a skilled workforce in critical sectors.
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How can an older adult eat a nutritionally adequate diet on a
low income budge
It can be difficult for an older adult to eat a nutritionally adequate diet on a low-income budget. However, there are a few strategies that can be employed to help make the most of available resources. One approach is to focus on purchasing healthy, nutrient-dense foods that are also affordable.
This might include things like dried beans and lentils, frozen fruits and vegetables, and whole grains like brown rice and whole wheat pasta. Additionally, planning meals in advance can help to reduce food waste and ensure that all necessary nutrients are being consumed.
Taking advantage of local food banks, farmers markets, and community gardens can also be helpful in obtaining fresh produce at a lower cost.
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