tsunami that was triggered by the eruption of Krakatoa killed thousands of people
true or false

Small canals that connect osteocytes in their lacunae to the central canal are known as canaliculi.

Canaliculi are microscopic channels within the bone's extracellular matrix that facilitate communication and nutrient exchange between osteocytes, which are the bone cells residing in lacunae. The lacunae are small cavities within the bone matrix where osteocytes are found. The central canal, also known as the Haversian canal, is the central space within each osteon (structural unit) of compact bone that contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels.

Canaliculi play a vital role in the health and maintenance of bones by allowing the efficient distribution of nutrients and the removal of waste products. They form an extensive network of connections between osteocytes, enabling the transmission of signals and nutrients throughout the bone tissue. This interconnectivity ensures that osteocytes are properly nourished and able to maintain the integrity of the bone structure.

In summary, canaliculi are small channels that serve as an essential communication and nutrient exchange system between osteocytes in lacunae and the central canal within the compact bone. They contribute to the overall strength, health, and function of the skeletal system.

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The distance from the ground and the top of the ladder is approximately 10 feet.

We are going to use the Pythagoras theorem to find the missing length of a triangle.

The Pythagoras theorem states that in a right triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse (the longest side) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

In this occasion, the ladder is the hypotenuse while the distance between the bottom of the ladder and the base of the tree is one of the other two sides.

Let's call the distance we are looking for as x.

Then we have:

11² = 5² + x²

Simplify the equation:

121 = 25 + x²

Subtract 25 from both sides, we get:

96 = x²

Take the square root of both sides:

x ≈ 9.8

Therefore, the distance between the ground and the top of the ladder = ≈ 10 feet (rounded to the nearest tenth.).

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Some argue that globalization is just a display of the superpower status of the US. In this view, globalization primarily serves to showcase the US's economic, political, and cultural dominance on a global scale.

Firstly, the US plays a key role in shaping the global economic landscape through institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. These organizations often promote policies that benefit US businesses and investors, which in turn reinforces the superpower status of the country.
Secondly, the US's political influence is also evident in the way it establishes and maintains military alliances, such as NATO. These alliances not only provide the US with global strategic advantages but also demonstrate its ability to exert control and secure its interests around the world.

Lastly, American culture is widely disseminated and consumed across the globe, due to the global reach of the US's entertainment industry. Hollywood movies, American television shows, and popular music are all examples of how the US's cultural exports create a powerful presence and contribute to its superpower status.
In conclusion, globalization can be viewed as a display of the US's superpower status through its pervasive economic, political, and cultural influence on the international stage.

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Ten of the given words used in sentences, would be :

The UN Law of the Sea governs the use of the world's oceans, including maritime boundaries and resources. North Korea is an example of a failed state, while landlocked states like Afghanistan face unique challenges due to their lack of access to the sea.

The fortified boundary between North and South Korea is a symbol of the tensions that still exist between the two countries. The dictatorship of North Korea stands in contrast to the democracy of South Korea.

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False. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks have undergone significant changes since Earth formed.

Igneous rocks, formed from the solidification of molten material, can undergo weathering and erosion to form sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks, formed from the accumulation and lithification of sediment, can undergo compaction and cementation to form metamorphic rocks. Metamorphic rocks, formed from the alteration of existing rocks due to high heat and pressure, can also undergo further changes if subjected to new conditions. These processes, collectively known as the rock cycle, demonstrate that rocks are not static entities but are constantly changing over time. Therefore, the statement that these types of rocks have undergone little change since Earth formed is false.

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The statement: Rural people often have less access to good water than do city dwellers is TRUE because urban people often have more developed infrastructure.

Access to clean and safe water is critical for human health and well-being. However, not all people have equal access to good water, and this can have serious consequences for public health.

In many cases, rural areas have less access to good water than do urban areas. This is because urban areas often have more developed infrastructure, such as water treatment plants and piped water systems, which make it easier to provide clean and safe water to residents. In contrast, rural areas may rely on wells or other sources of groundwater, which may be contaminated with pollutants or pathogens.

The lack of access to good water in rural areas can have serious consequences for public health. For example, it can lead to the spread of water-borne diseases such as cholera, typhoid, and diarrhea, which can be deadly, particularly for young children.

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The given statement "Intermediate and deep-focus quakes occur in the Wadati-Benioff zone of a divergent plate boundary."  is false because intermediate and deep-focus earthquakes are associated with convergent plate boundaries, where one tectonic plate is forced underneath another.

The Wadati-Benioff zone refers to the area of the subducting plate where earthquakes occur, and it is characterized by a downward-sloping plane of earthquakes that extends deep into the Earth's mantle. In this zone, the descending plate experiences increasing temperature and pressure, causing it to release stored energy in the form of earthquakes.

In contrast, a divergent plate boundary is characterized by the pulling apart of tectonic plates, and earthquakes that occur there are typically shallow-focus earthquakes. These shallow-focus earthquakes occur near the surface and are caused by the movement of plates relative to each other, rather than subduction.

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The redemption of the Mariner occurs when he blesses the water snakes.

After shooting the Albatross, the Mariner is plagued by guilt and suffers physically and mentally. However, when he sees the beauty in the water snakes and realizes that they are God's creatures, he experiences a spiritual awakening and can bless them. This act of love and acceptance allows the curse to be lifted and the Mariner can return home. It is this moment of compassion and connection with nature that leads to his redemption and allows him to find peace.

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When the upper-level trough is located directly above a surface low pressure system, the midlatitude cyclone is most likely development, including incipient, growing, and decaying stages, until it eventually dissipates.

The formation of a midlatitude cyclone is because the trough provides a strong source of energy and instability to the atmosphere, which encourages the development of the low pressure system at the surface.

At the incipient stage, the midlatitude cyclone is just beginning to form. It is characterized by a weak low pressure system and limited atmospheric instability.

As the upper-level trough strengthens and moves closer to the surface low, the midlatitude cyclone begins to grow and intensify.

During the growing stage, the midlatitude cyclone develops stronger winds and more pronounced atmospheric instability.

The low pressure system deepens, and the system begins to experience a more organized circulation pattern. Eventually, the midlatitude cyclone will reach its peak intensity and begin to decay.

At this point, the upper-level trough begins to weaken, and the atmospheric instability begins to dissipate. The low pressure system loses its strength, and the midlatitude cyclone gradually dissipates.

In conclusion, when the upper-level trough is located directly above a surface low pressure system, it creates a favorable environment for the formation of a midlatitude cyclone.

The cyclone goes through different stages of development, including incipient, growing, and decaying stages, until it eventually dissipates.

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Friction forces are caused by the difference in atmospheric pressure from one location to another.

When there is a difference in pressure between two surfaces, such as the ground and an object on it, the resulting force is called friction. This force resists motion and is affected by factors such as the texture and weight of the objects, as well as the nature of the surfaces.

The amount of friction can be increased or decreased by changing the force pushing the surfaces together or by altering the angle of the surfaces. While wind and the earth's rotation can affect atmospheric pressure and indirectly impact friction forces, they are not direct causes.

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Abyssal hills are small extinct volcanoes commonly associated with mid-ocean ridges.

These ridges are long, narrow mountain chains that run along the ocean floor and mark the boundaries between tectonic plates.

As magma rises up from the Earth's mantle and solidifies, it creates new crust, which is gradually pushed away from the ridge by the movement of the plates.

Abyssal hills are typically found on the flanks of the mid-ocean ridges and are thought to be the result of small, localized eruptions that occurred during the process of seafloor spreading.

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The given statement " How fast air pressure decreases as you increase in altitude does not happen at a constant rate." is false because The Air pressure decreases with altitude because there is less air above pushing down on the air below.

The rate of decrease, however, is not constant, and it can vary depending on several factors such as temperature, humidity, and weather patterns. In general, air pressure decreases more rapidly at lower altitudes and more slowly at higher altitudes.At sea level, air pressure is highest and decreases rapidly as altitude increases.

However, as altitude increases, the air becomes less dense and the rate of pressure decrease slows down. At around 18,000 feet, the pressure has decreased to about half of what it is at sea level. Understanding how air pressure changes with altitude is important for a variety of applications, including aviation, weather forecasting, and the study of atmospheric science.

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In the United States, tornado activity is most common during the spring and early summer months, from March to July.

This is because during this time, there are large temperature contrasts between warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico and cooler air from the north. These temperature contrasts can create powerful thunderstorms, which can in turn spawn tornadoes.

In addition to temperature contrasts, other weather factors also play a role in tornado formation. For example, wind shear (the change in wind speed and direction with height) and atmospheric instability (the tendency for the atmosphere to overturn) can both contribute to the development of thunderstorms and tornadoes. While tornadoes can occur at any time of the year, the most favorable conditions for tornado formation tend to be present in the spring and early summer months.

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Extrusive igneous features are formed when magma or lava is extruded onto the Earth's surface and solidifies quickly due to exposure to the atmosphere. The rapid cooling process causes the rock to have a fine-grained texture, and the flow structure is typically evident due to the way the lava or magma flowed.

The rope-like texture that is often seen in extrusive igneous features, such as lava flows, is known as pahoehoe. This texture is formed when the surface of the lava or magma flow cools and solidifies, while the molten lava beneath it continues to flow. As the molten lava moves forward, it drags the cooled surface along with it, causing it to stretch and deform into a series of elongated, rope-like structures. The pahoehoe texture is typically associated with low-viscosity lava flows, which are highly fluid and can travel long distances before solidifying. In contrast, high-viscosity lava flows tend to be much more rigid and do not exhibit the same type of rope-like texture. Overall, the rope-like texture seen in extrusive igneous features is a result of the rapid cooling process and the way in which the lava or magma flows. This texture provides valuable insights into the physical properties of the volcanic material and the conditions under which it was formed.

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The smooth plains around Mercury's Caloris Basin were supposedly formed by volcanic activity.

It is believed that lava flowed out of the basin and covered the surrounding area, creating the smooth plains. This volcanic activity was likely triggered by the impact that formed the Caloris Basin itself, which would have caused a lot of heat and pressure in the planet's crust. The lava that flowed out of the basin would have been relatively low in viscosity, which allowed it to spread out and create the smooth plains that we see today.

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The extraction of water from the Ogallala aquifer, the largest source of groundwater in the United States, has exceeded its rate of replenishment and could run out sometime during this century.

This means that more water is being taken out of the aquifer than can be replenished naturally through rainfall and other forms of precipitation.  As a result, the water level in the aquifer has been steadily declining, and there are concerns that it could run out sometime during this century.

This is a significant issue, as the Ogallala aquifer is a vital source of water for agriculture and communities across much of the Great Plains region. If it were to run out, it would have serious implications for food production, the economy, and the environment. Efforts are underway to conserve and manage the use of water from the aquifer, but more needs to be done to ensure its long-term sustainability.

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The statement: Along the equator, winds converge into the equatorial high pressure trough creating the Intertropical Convergence Zone is TRUE because the Earth's rotation affects the movement of air and the distribution of heat across the planet

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a narrow band of low pressure near the equator where the trade winds from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres converge. As a result, the ITCZ is characterized by ascending air, heavy rainfall, and cloudiness.

The ITCZ is created by the convergence of the trade winds, which are the prevailing easterly winds that blow from the high-pressure systems located near the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn towards the equator. As the trade winds converge at the equator, they create a broad area of low pressure known as the equatorial trough. This is where the ascending air associated with the ITCZ is located.

The position of the ITCZ varies seasonally and is influenced by factors such as the tilt of the Earth's axis and the distribution of land and sea. During the Northern Hemisphere summer, the ITCZ shifts northward towards the Tropic of Cancer, while during the Southern Hemisphere summer, it shifts southward towards the Tropic of Capricorn.

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Based on current global discussions and debates, reducing fossil fuel use generates more emotion than any of the other global warming mitigation efforts listed. Option A is correct.

Reducing fossil fuel use is a highly debated topic and has been the subject of significant political and social controversy. The use of fossil fuels is deeply ingrained in many aspects of modern society, and reducing their use can have far-reaching economic and social implications.

As such, this mitigation effort often generates strong emotions and resistance from those who oppose it.

While efforts to increase the use of renewable energy, increase nuclear energy use, promote biostorage absorption, and install scrubbers on industrial plants are also important in mitigating global warming, they do not generally generate the same level of emotional response as reducing fossil fuel use.

Therefore, option A is correct.

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In an anticyclone in the Northern Hemisphere, air moves downward and in a clockwise direction.

Anticyclones are characterized by high-pressure systems where the air descends and spreads outwards. As the air sinks, it becomes denser and the pressure increases, resulting in a clockwise circulation pattern.

This is due to the Coriolis effect, which deflects moving objects to the right in the Northern Hemisphere. As a result, the air flow in an anticyclone moves in a clockwise direction.

It is important to note that in the Southern Hemisphere, the direction of air flow in an anticyclone is opposite, moving in a counterclockwise direction due to the Coriolis effect.

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Based on the given information, the most likely depositional environment and interpretation of the alternating shales and sandstones are the forest beds of a river delta.

Shales are fine-grained sedimentary rocks that are typically deposited in quiet or low-energy environments such as lakes or deep marine basins. Sandstones, on the other hand, are coarser-grained sedimentary rocks that are commonly deposited in high-energy environments such as river channels, deltas, or beaches. The presence of alternating shales and sandstones suggests that the sedimentary sequence was deposited in an environment with varying energy conditions. River deltas are characterized by the deposition of sediment in the form of forest beds, which are inclined layers of sediment that slope seaward. These beds typically consist of alternating layers of sand and mud, which can create a pattern of alternating sandstones and shales.

Therefore, the most likely interpretation of the given sequence of alternating shales and sandstones is that they were deposited as forest beds in a river delta environment.

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All three forces, the Coriolis effect, pressure gradient, and surface friction, work together to create cyclonic and anticyclonic wind circulation patterns. Therefore, the correct option is D: All of the above.

Cyclonic and anticyclonic wind circulation patterns are created by:

1. Coriolis effect: This force, caused by Earth's rotation, deflects moving air to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. This effect contributes to the formation of cyclonic (counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere) and anticyclonic (clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere) circulation patterns.

2. Pressure gradient: The pressure gradient force drives air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. In cyclonic circulation, air moves toward the low-pressure center, and in anticyclonic circulation, air moves away from the high-pressure center. The pressure gradient force is essential in the formation of both types of circulation patterns.

3. Surface friction: Surface friction slows down the wind, reducing the Coriolis effect near the ground. This allows air to move more directly into low-pressure areas (in cyclones) or out of high-pressure areas (in anticyclones). Surface friction contributes to the spiraling shape of wind circulation in both cyclonic and anticyclonic systems.

In summary, the Coriolis effect, pressure gradient, and surface friction all play crucial roles in creating cyclonic and anticyclonic wind circulation patterns. Hence, the correct answer is option D: All of the above.

Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: Which of the following forces works to create cyclonic and anticyclonic wind circulation patterns? A) Coriolis effect B) Pressure gradient C) Surface friction D) All of the above.

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There is evidence to suggest that bipedality, or walking on two legs, may have evolved in the woodlands rather than the savannah.

This is based on studies of early hominins and their habitats, as well as analyses of their anatomical features that suggest adaptations to arboreal environments.

While the savannah hypothesis has been the dominant theory for many years, recent research has challenged this idea and suggested that bipedality may have evolved as a means to move efficiently between trees and forage for food in forested areas.

However, the exact evolutionary pressures that led to bipedality are still debated, and it is likely that a combination of factors, including environmental changes and the development of new tool use and hunting strategies, contributed to the evolution of this uniquely human trait.

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Rossby waves are major undulations in the path of a jet stream.

Rossby waves are large-scale atmospheric waves that form in the mid-latitude regions of the Earth's atmosphere, including in the jet stream.

They are characterized by undulations in the path of the jet stream, which can cause changes in weather patterns and can have significant impacts on climate.

These waves are named after Carl-Gustav Rossby, a Swedish-American meteorologist who first described their behavior in the 1930s. Rossby waves are important for understanding and predicting weather patterns and for studying the Earth's climate system.

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When comparing Sunbelt cities like Houston to Snowbelt cities like Detroit, one major difference would be the climate.

Sunbelt cities tend to have a warmer climate with milder winters, while Snowbelt cities have much harsher winters with colder temperatures and snowfall. Another difference would be the industries that drive the economy.

Sunbelt cities tend to have a strong focus on technology, energy, and healthcare industries, while Snowbelt cities may have a stronger focus on manufacturing and automotive industries.

In terms of population growth, Sunbelt cities have seen significant growth in recent years due to their warm climate, job opportunities, and affordable cost of living, while Snowbelt cities may have experienced population decline due to harsh winters and a lack of job opportunities.

Overall, Sunbelt cities and Snowbelt cities have distinct differences in their climate, industries, and population growth, which can greatly impact their respective economies and ways of life.

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The overall depths associated with different construction regions and any buildings might vary depending on a number of factors.

The overall depths associated with distinct areas of a structure might vary depending on a number of factors, including local construction laws and standards, design preferences, and the building's special requirements.

These aspects must be considered while planning and building a structure to ensure that it is safe, functional, and complies with all applicable building laws and standards. The branch circuits are typically installed at a depth of about 4 to 6 feet.

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When brittle rock is overstressed, it may undergo a process known as brittle failure or rock failure, in which the rock fractures and breaks apart.

This occurs when the stress applied to the rock exceeds its strength, causing it to reach a point of failure. When this happens, the rock may experience one or more types of deformation, including elastic, plastic, and/or brittle deformation. Elastic deformation occurs when the rock deforms but then returns to its original shape when the stress is released.

Plastic deformation occurs when the rock deforms and does not return to its original shape, while brittle deformation occurs when the rock fractures and breaks apart. The resulting fractures in the rock can form faults or joints, which can potentially lead to earthquakes, landslides, and other geologic hazards.

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The material from partially remelted mantle that covers approximately 16% of the moon's surface is called the lunar mare. Lunar mare is a type of basaltic lava that flooded large areas of the moon's surface between 3.8 and 3.1 billion years ago.

The lunar mare is characterized by its dark color and relatively smooth surface, which is in contrast to the heavily cratered highland regions of the moon. The lava flows that make up the lunar mare are thought to have been caused by volcanic activity that occurred when the moon was still geologically active. As the lava flowed across the surface, it filled in low-lying areas and created the smooth, flat plains that we see today.

The name "mare" is derived from the Latin word for "sea," which is fitting given that the early astronomers who first observed the moon thought that the dark areas were bodies of water. However, it wasn't until the space age that we were able to confirm that the dark areas were actually solidified lava flows.

Overall, the lunar mare is a unique feature of the moon that covers approximately 16% of its surface. Its formation is a testament to the moon's volcanic past and the geological processes that shaped the surface of our nearest neighbor in space.

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The term "porphyritic texture" refers to a type of texture that is characterized by the presence of larger crystals called phenocrysts, surrounded by a finer-grained matrix called the groundmass. Therefore, the term "phenocryst" is a correct answer for this question, as it refers specifically to the larger crystals in the porphyritic texture.

The other possible answers, "groundmass" and "aphanitic", do not describe the porphyritic texture as accurately, as they refer to the finer-grained matrix and a texture with no visible crystals, respectively. Therefore, the correct answer to this question would be "c. phenocryst". It is important to note that the term "porphyritic texture" can be found in various types of rocks, including igneous rocks such as granite and basalt, as well as metamorphic rocks and even some sedimentary rocks. Understanding the terminology and characteristics of different rock textures can help geologists identify and classify different types of rocks, as well as understand their formation and history.

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False. Devils Tower in Wyoming and Shiprock in New Mexico are not formed due to softer volcano exteriors eroding faster than solidified lava in fissures and vents.

Devils Tower is an igneous intrusion, which means it was formed underground by the solidification of molten rock (magma). It is composed of igneous rock called phonolite porphyry. The surrounding sedimentary rocks eroded away over time, exposing the tower-like structure.

Shiprock, also known as "Tsé Bitʼaʼí" in the Navajo language, is a volcanic neck or volcanic plug. It is the solidified core of an ancient volcano that has eroded away, leaving behind a tall, jagged rock formation. Shiprock is made of a type of igneous rock called monzonite.

Both Devils Tower and Shiprock are significant geological features, but their formations are not related to softer volcano exteriors eroding faster than solidified lava in fissures and vents.

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Glacial expansion correlates with increasing amounts of CO2 in the atmosphere and temperatures higher than those measured in 1950.

Glaciers are large masses of ice that form on land from the accumulation and compaction of snow over many years. The expansion or contraction of glaciers is a direct response to changes in temperature and precipitation.

The burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas has increased the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. This increase in CO2, known as the greenhouse effect, has caused global temperatures to rise.

Glaciers are sensitive to changes in temperature, and as temperatures increase, glaciers begin to melt. However, in some cases, the opposite can occur. When temperatures increase, so does the amount of moisture in the atmosphere.

This increase in moisture can result in more precipitation, which can lead to an increase in snowfall. If the amount of snowfall exceeds the rate of melting, glaciers can actually expand.

While it may seem counterintuitive, glacial expansion is actually a symptom of climate change. The fact that glaciers are expanding in some regions is not evidence that global warming is not occurring.

On the contrary, it is evidence that our climate is changing in ways that are complex and sometimes counterintuitive. It is also important to note that while glacial expansion may be occurring in some regions, the overall trend is towards glacial retreat.

As temperatures continue to rise, it is likely that we will see more and more glaciers melting, with potentially disastrous consequences for ecosystems and human communities that rely on them.

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