When unpolarized light falls on two polarizers that are oriented 71 degrees to each other, the fraction of the light intensity that is transmitted is 0.054 or approximately 5.4%.
Polarizers are devices that transmit light of a certain polarization and absorb or reflect light of other polarizations. Unpolarized light consists of a mixture of light waves of all possible polarizations. When unpolarized light is passed through a polarizer, only the component of the light that is polarized along the axis of the polarizer is transmitted, and the rest is absorbed or reflected.In the case of two polarizers that are oriented at an angle to each other, the transmitted light through the first polarizer becomes polarized along the axis of the second polarizer. The intensity of the transmitted light through the second polarizer depends on the angle between the two polarizers and the initial intensity of the incident light.
The intensity of the transmitted light through two polarizers that are oriented at an angle θ to each other is given by:
I = I0 cos²θ
where I0 is the initial intensity of the incident light.
In this case, θ = 71 degrees, so:I = I0 cos²71° = 0.054 I0
So, the fraction of the light intensity that is transmitted is 0.054 or approximately 5.4%.
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If competitive markets, under certain conditions lead to efficient resource allocation, then there is no need for a central planner or government agency to exist. A) True B False
The correct option is B) False. While competitive markets can lead to efficient resource allocation under certain conditions, it does not necessarily mean that there is no need for a central planner or government agency to exist. There are several reasons why a central planner or government agency may be necessary:
Market Failures: Competitive markets may not always function optimally due to market failures such as externalities, public goods, imperfect information, and market power. In such cases, government intervention is required to correct these failures and ensure efficient resource allocation.
Public Goods: The provision of public goods, which are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, may not be adequately addressed by the market. Government intervention is often needed to ensure the provision of public goods for the overall welfare of society.
Income Distribution: Market outcomes may not always result in a fair distribution of income. Governments can implement policies to address income inequality and promote social welfare through measures like progressive taxation, social safety nets, and wealth redistribution.
Regulation and Enforcement: Governments play a crucial role in enforcing laws, regulations, and standards to protect consumers, ensure fair competition, and maintain market integrity. This helps prevent fraud, monopolistic practices, and other forms of market distortion.
Macroeconomic Stability: Governments are responsible for maintaining macroeconomic stability, which includes managing inflation, controlling unemployment, and promoting economic growth. These objectives often require fiscal and monetary policy interventions.
In summary, while competitive markets can contribute to efficient resource allocation, the existence of a central planner or government agency is necessary to address market failures, promote public goods, ensure social welfare, enforce regulations, and maintain macroeconomic stability.
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Suppose two firms (A and B) form a cartel, which decides to produce 100 units overall. Now, the cartel must distribute these 100 units to maximize cartel profit. Suppose the marginal cost of firm A equals. MCA = 100 + 2A, where A is the amount firm A produces; while the marginal cost of firm B equals: MCB = 200 + 42, where is the amount firm B produces. Accordingly, in order to maximize cartel profit, the cartel should set quotas such that A produces_units and B produces units. 50; 50 100; 0 0; 100 100; 100 A. B. C. D [36] Antitrust laws have been criticized on the basis that (i) it is expensive to litigate cases and (ii) the deadweight loss due to monopoly is very small. True False A. B. A. B. D. $1 [37] Which of the following are implicit forms of collusion? Price leadership Predatory pricing C. Cartel All of the above [38] Suppose a town has one provider of cable TV service, facing the following market conditions: Note: The industry marginal cost (MC) is constant at $12. 16 The deadweight loss in market welfare 15 due to monopoly in this case equals: A. $12,000 B 13.00 $3,000 c. $2,000 12.50 D. $0 12 = MC ATC MR D 800 1,000 2,000 2,500 Number of cable subscribers Dollars MU [39] A. B. C. D. A cartel is a group of firms that attempts to: maximize collective (i.e., joint) revenue. maximize collective (i.e., joint) profit. act independent of one another. maximize consumer surplus.
The cartel should set quotas such that A produces 50 units and B produces 50 units to maximize cartel profit. Here's how the answer is derived: Given, marginal cost of firm A = 100 + 2A, where A is the amount firm
A produces marginal cost of firm B = 200 + 42, where is the amount firm B produces To maximize profit, the two firms would produce where the marginal cost equals the price. That is, MC = P For firm A, MC = 100 + 2A = P For firm B, MC = 200 + 42 = P Now we know the total production will be 100 units (from the given information). Therefore, A + B = 100Rearranging the equations we get: P - 100 = 2AP - 242 = 42BBy solving these two equations we get ,A = 50 and B = 50Hence, the cartel should set quotas such that A produces 50 units and B produces 50 units to maximize cartel profit.
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A principal can choose to make the allocation of tasks broad (B) or narrrow (N). At the same time an agent can choose to work put in high effort (H) or low effort (L). The payoffs are 20 to the principal and 30 to the agent is the actions chosen are B and L. For all other combinations of actions the payoffs are 0 to both players. Which of the following statements are true? A Nash equilibrium of the game is (B, H) A Nash equilibrium is (N, L) There is no Nash equilibrium in pure strategies in this game. O A Nash equilibrium is (N, H) O A Nash equilibrium is (B, L)
(B, L) can be a Nash equilibrium.However, the only Nash equilibrium in this game is (B, H).Thus, the statement A Nash equilibrium of the game is (B, H) is true.
The following statement is true from the given scenario that A Nash equilibrium of the game is (B, H). Nash equilibrium is a condition where every player has adopted the best possible strategy, given the strategies chosen by the other players. The payoffs in the game are as follows:- When both principal and agent take broad allocation of tasks and the agent puts in low effort, they receive payoffs of 20 and 30, respectively.- For all other combinations of actions, the payoffs are 0 to both players.A Nash equilibrium is defined as a state of a game in which each player is doing their best possible strategy, provided the strategies of the other players. In other words, a Nash equilibrium is where no player can benefit by changing their strategy unilaterally. Let's check the given statements:- A Nash equilibrium of the game is (B, H):If the principal takes broad allocation of tasks and the agent puts in high effort, both players receive zero payoffs. If the principal takes narrow allocation of tasks and the agent puts in high effort, then again, both players receive zero payoffs.
However, if the principal takes broad allocation of tasks and the agent puts in low effort, they receive payoffs of 20 and 30, respectively. So, there is no incentive for either player to change their strategy. Thus, (B, H) is a Nash equilibrium.- A Nash equilibrium is (N, L):If the principal takes narrow allocation of tasks and the agent puts in low effort, both players receive zero payoffs. For all other combinations of actions, the payoffs are 0 to both players. Therefore, (N, L) cannot be a Nash equilibrium.- There is no Nash equilibrium in pure strategies in this game:As we have already shown, (B, H) is a Nash equilibrium.
Therefore, this statement is false.- A Nash equilibrium is (N, H):If the principal takes narrow allocation of tasks and the agent puts in high effort, both players receive zero payoffs. For all other combinations of actions, the payoffs are 0 to both players. Hence, (N, H) cannot be a Nash equilibrium.- A Nash equilibrium is (B, L):If the principal takes broad allocation of tasks and the agent puts in low effort, they receive payoffs of 20 and 30, respectively. For all other combinations of actions, the payoffs are 0 to both players.
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A lawnmower operates in a perfectly competitive industry and its total costs are given by:
TC(q) = 3q2+ 18q, where q denotes the number of lawns mowed.
(a) (2) What is the firm’s marginal cost?
(b) (3) What is the firm’s average costs? Does the firm have increasing, constant, or decreasing
returns to scale?
(c) (2) Graph the marginal and average cost curves on the same set of axes.
(d) (3) What is the price beneath which this lawnmower would choose to shut down?
(e) (4) If the market price of a mowed lawn is $102 (!), how many lawns will this firm mow? What
is the firm’s average cost at that level of output? How does it compare to the market price?
(f) (6) Find an expression that denotes this firm’s profits as a function of the market price (π(p)).
Your answer should depend on p and otherwise contain only numerical constants. Hint: your
answer should be a piecewise function (see part (d)) and you will need to solve for supply as a
general function of the market price.
(a) Marginal cost is the derivative of total cost with respect to quantity:MC(q) = dTC/dq = 6q + 18(b) Average cost is total cost divided by quantity, AC(q) = TC(q)/q = 3q + 18/q.
The firm has decreasing returns to scale because average cost decreases as quantity increases until a quantity of 6, then increases. (c) See the graph below. Marginal cost is the upward-sloping line and average cost is the U-shaped line.(d) The lawnmower would choose to shut down if the price is less than its minimum average variable cost, which is the part of average cost that varies with quantity. Average variable cost is AVC(q) = 3q/q + 18/q = 3 + 18/q. So the lawnmower would choose to shut down if the price is less than $3.(e) At a price of $102, the lawnmower would produce 6 lawns. Average cost at this level is AC(6) = 3(6) + 18/6 = $9.
The firm's average cost is less than the market price, so it would continue to operate.(f) Profit is total revenue minus total cost, which is p*q - TC(q). If the price is less than $3, then the firm produces zero and profit is zero. If the price is between $3 and $6, then the firm produces q = (p - 3)/6 and profit is π(p) = p(p - 3)/6 - [3((p - 3)/6)^2 + 18((p - 3)/6)]. If the price is greater than $6, then the firm produces q = (p - 3)/6 and profit is π(p) = p(p - 3)/6 - [3((p - 3)/6)^2 + 18((p - 3)/6) + 3].
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Write your answer not more then 500 words.
Ask a full-time employee within any organization about their perceptions of ISO 9000: 2000.
ISO 9000:2000 is a widely recognized international standard for quality management systems. It provides a framework for organizations to establish and maintain processes that ensure consistent quality in their products and services. When asking a full-time employee within an organization about their perceptions of ISO 9000:2000, their response may vary based on their role, level of involvement, and their organization's implementation of the standard. Here are some possible perspectives:
Increased Organizational Efficiency: Some employees may perceive ISO 9000:2000 as a positive framework that promotes efficiency and streamlines processes. They may appreciate the standardized procedures and documentation requirements that help improve workflow and reduce errors. It provides a clear roadmap for performing tasks and ensures that everyone follows consistent practices.
Quality Focus: Employees who value quality may see ISO 9000:2000 as a valuable tool for maintaining and enhancing product/service quality. They may appreciate the emphasis on customer satisfaction, continuous improvement, and the structured approach to identifying and addressing quality issues. ISO 9000:2000 helps organizations establish quality objectives, monitor performance, and take corrective actions to ensure consistent quality outcomes.
Compliance and External Recognition: Some employees may view ISO 9000:2000 as a necessary requirement for compliance with industry standards and regulations. They recognize that certification to the standard demonstrates their organization's commitment to quality and may enhance its reputation and credibility in the market. It can also be seen as a competitive advantage when dealing with customers who prioritize working with certified suppliers.
Documentation Burden: On the other hand, some employees may perceive ISO 9000:2000 as a bureaucratic and documentation-heavy process. They may find the extensive documentation requirements time-consuming and tedious. These employees may feel that too much emphasis is placed on paperwork rather than actual work execution.
Cultural Change and Employee Engagement: ISO 9000:2000 implementation can bring about a cultural change within an organization. Some employees may appreciate the increased focus on accountability, communication, and employee involvement in decision-making processes. ISO 9000:2000 encourages organizations to establish a quality management system that engages employees at all levels and promotes a culture of continuous improvement.
Overall, employees' perceptions of ISO 9000:2000 may vary based on their experiences, organizational culture, and the level of support and resources allocated to implementing and maintaining the standard. While some may view it positively for its ability to enhance quality and efficiency, others may see it as an administrative burden. It is important to note that individual perceptions may differ within an organization, and it is crucial to gather feedback from a diverse range of employees to gain a comprehensive understanding of their perspectives on ISO 9000:2000.
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Asejere Enterprises Financial year ends on 31 December every year. The firm paid for electricity bill up to 31 July, 2016. The monthly electricity bill rate is N1,500. As the firm did not receive the next bill until 28 February, 2017, no payment was made for the period from August to December, 2006. Required: (a) Determine the amount of electricity expenses for the year ended 31 December, 2016. (b) The amount of electricity expenses that should be accrued for in the year 2016. (c) The Journal entries to be raided to reflect the accruals.
The "Electricity Expense" account is debited to increase the expense, and the "Accrued Expenses" account is credited to reflect the liability for the unpaid electricity expenses is N7,500
(a) To determine the amount of electricity expenses for the year ended 31 December 2016, we need to calculate the expenses for the period from August to December 2016.
Number of months from August to December 2016 = 5 months
Monthly electricity bill rate = N1,500
Electricity expenses for August to December 2016:
5 months x N1,500 = N7,500
Therefore, the amount of electricity expenses for the year ended 31 December 2016 is N7,500.
(b) The amount of electricity expenses that should be accrued for in the year 2016 is the expenses incurred for the period from August to December 2016, which is N7,500.
(c) The journal entry to reflect the accrual of electricity expenses for the period from August to December 2016 would be as follows:
Date: December 31, 2016
Account Debit Credit
---------------------------------
Electricity Expense N7,500
Accrued Expenses N7,500
The "Electricity Expense" account is debited to increase the expense, and the "Accrued Expenses" account is credited to reflect the liability for the unpaid electricity expenses.
Note: It is important to consult with an accountant or financial professional for accurate and specific guidance related to your business's accounting practices.
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I need help with my sales presentation.
Choose a day to day product which has a better value for money, better rating, budget friendly and discuss the following;
1. Describe its three main features.
2. Each feature must be supported by 2 benefits of that feature.
Duration for the sales presentation is 2 minutes.
Good morning/afternoon/evening, ladies and gentlemen,
Today, I would like to introduce you to a day-to-day product that offers exceptional value for money, high ratings, and is budget-friendly.
product I am referring to is the XYZ Brand Electric Toothbrush.
1. Let's delve into its three main features:
Feature 1: Advanced Cleaning Technology - Benefit 1: The XYZ Electric Toothbrush utilizes sonic vibrations to provide a thorough and effective cleaning action, reaching deep between the teeth and along the gumline.
- Benefit 2: With its advanced cleaning technology , the toothbrush removes up to 99% more plaque than manual toothbrushes, ensuring superior oral hygiene and a healthier mouth.
Feature 2: Multiple Brushing Modes - Benefit 1: The XYZ Electric Toothbrush offers different brushing modes, such as Clean, Sensitive, and Whitening, allowing users to customize their brushing experience based on their individual needs.
- Benefit 2: Each brushing mode has been specifically designed to address different oral care concerns, providing users with a tailored approach for optimal cleaning, sensitivity relief, or teeth whitening.
Feature 3: Long Battery Life and Smart Timer - Benefit 1: The toothbrush is equipped with a long-lasting battery that can provide up to two weeks of usage on a single charge, making it convenient for travel or on-the-go use.
- Benefit 2: Additionally, the built-in smart timer ensures that users brush for the recommended two minutes, with 30-second intervals to prompt them to move to different quadrants of their mouth. This promotes thorough and consistent brushing, leading to improved dental health.
In summary, the XYZ Brand Electric Toothbrush offers advanced cleaning technology, multiple brushing modes, and a long battery life with a smart timer. These features provide numerous benefits, including superior plaque removal, customized oral care, and improved brushing habits for a healthier smile.
Thank you for your time and consideration. If you have any questions or would like to learn more about the XYZ Electric Toothbrush, please don't hesitate to ask.
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On December 29, 2011 Exxon Mobil encounters a major oil spill in connection with their oil rig off of the coast of Alabama. Exxon believes that it is probable that they will need to pay a significant amount in damages and fees, but they are not able to reasonably estimate the amount. On February 15, 2012, Exxon Mobil files their financial statements with the SEC. On March 15, 2012, Exxon Mobil settles all oil spill related lawsuits for $24 Billion cash. What journal entry will Exxon Mobil record on March 15, 2012? Edit View Insert Format Tools Table Question 2 3 pts On December 29, 2011 Exxon Mobil encounters a major oil spill in connection with their oil rig off of the coast of Alabama, Exxon believes that it is probable that they will need to pay a significant amount in damages and fees, but they are not able to reasonably estimate the amount. On February 15, 2012, Exxon Mobil files their financial statements with the SEC. On March 15, 2012, Exxon Mobil settles all oil spill related lawsuits for $24 Billion cash. What amount should Exxon Mobil report on their 2011 Balance Sheet related to this event? $0 $20 Billion O $24 Billion $30 Billion Question 1 3 pts On December 29, 2011 Exxon Mobil encounters a major oil spill in connection with their oil rig off of the coast of Alabama. Exxon believes that it is probable that they will need to pay a significant amount in damages and fees, but they are not able to reasonably estimate the amount. On February 15, 2012, Exxon Mobil files their financial statements with the SEC. On March 15, 2012, Exxon Mobil settles all oil spill related lawsuits for $24 Billion cash. How should this event be presented in the 2011 financial statements of Exxon Mobil? O Disclosure Only O Recognize (Create a Liability on the Balance Sheet) O Ignore, since the amount can't be estimated
Journal Entry Record on March 15, 2012 by Exxon Mobi lThe journal entry that Exxon Mobil will record on March 15, 2012, is as follows: Cash 24,000,000,000.00Liability for Spill 24,000,000,000.00 ($24 billion)This journal entry is made because Exxon Mobil settled all oil spill related lawsuits for $24 Billion cash.
When a company like Exxon Mobil has to pay for oil spill damages, it records the payments as expenses. In this case, it will create a liability account for the expenses that it believes it will have to pay. Exxon Mobil had estimated a significant amount in damages and fees, but they are not able to reasonably estimate the amount, but on March 15, 2012, it has been settled that they will pay $24 billion cash.
they will make a liability account for spill expenses of $24 billion and credit cash for $24 billion. Related to This Event Amount on the 2011 Balance Sheet The amount that Exxon Mobil should report on their 2011 Balance Sheet related to this event is $0.
This is because no actual expense has been paid to settle the oil spill-related lawsuits yet. The liability was not yet settled as of December 31, 2011. Exxon Mobil believed that it is probable that they will need to pay a significant amount in damages and fees, but they are not able to reasonably estimate the amount. as of December 31, 2011, no actual expense has been paid to settle the oil spill-related lawsuits. Exxon Mobil had to make a disclosure in the financial statement to alert investors and regulators that there is a potential liability in the future that could be material to the company’s financial position.
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Sunland Company sold $3,280,000, 10%-year bonds on January 1, 2022. The bonds were dated January 1, 2022, and pay interest on January 1. The company uses straight-line amortization on bond premiums and discounts. Financial statements are prepared annually.
Prepare the journal entries to record the issuance of the bonds assuming they sold at: (1) 101 and (2) 96. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered
Sunland Company issued $3,280,000, 10%-year bonds on January 1, 2022, and we need to prepare journal entries to record the issuance of the bonds assuming they were sold at two different prices: (1) 101 and (2) 96.
The journal entries will involve recording the cash received from the bond issuance and recognizing any bond premium or discount.
Issuance at 101:
When the bonds are issued at 101, it means they were sold at a premium. The journal entries will be as follows:
a) To record the issuance of bonds:
Cash $3,313,280 ([$3,280,000 x 101%])
Bonds Payable $3,280,000
Premium on Bonds Payable $33,280 ([$3,313,280 - $3,280,000])
Issuance at 96:
When the bonds are issued at 96, it means they were sold at a discount. The journal entries will be as follows:
a) To record the issuance of bonds:
Cash $3,132,800 ([$3,280,000 x 96%])
Discount on Bonds Payable $147,200 ([$3,280,000 - $3,132,800])
Bonds Payable $3,280,000
In both cases, the cash received from the bond issuance is recorded, and any bond premium or discount is recognized by adjusting the Bonds Payable account and creating separate accounts for Premium on Bonds Payable or Discount on Bonds Payable. These adjustments are made to align the bond liability with the market value of the bonds.
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What amount of interest expense should be recorded on June 30 and December 31 of this year? (Round your final answers to nearest whole dollar amount.) June 30 December 31 Interest expense References eBook & Resources P10-6 Part 2 Worksheet Required information 9.09 points P10-6 Part 3 3. What amount of cash should be paid to investors June 30 and December 31 of this year? June 30 December 31 Cash paid
The bond was sold on June 30 for $193,650, and the carrying amount of the bonds was $193,108.
The bonds mature in 10 years and have a stated rate of 7%, and they pay interest semi-annually on June 30 and December 31.The semi-annual interest rate would be 7% / 2 = 3.5%.
The interest expense that should be recorded on June 30 and December 31 of this year can be calculated as follows:
June 30:Carrying amount of bonds on June 30 = $193,108
Interest expense = Carrying amount of bonds * Semi-annual interest rate= $193,108 * 3.5% = $6,756.28 ≈ $6,756 (rounded to the nearest whole dollar)
December 31:Carrying amount of bonds on December 31 = $193,108 (since the bond was not issued or retired during the second half of the year)
Interest expense = Carrying amount of bonds * Semi-annual interest rate= $193,108 * 3.5% = $6,756.28 ≈ $6,756 (rounded to the nearest whole dollar)
Hence, the interest expense to be recorded on June 30 and December 31 is $6,756. The cash paid to investors on these dates would be equal to the interest expense as the bonds pay interest semi-annually on June 30 and December 31.
Therefore, the cash paid to investors on June 30 and December 31 would be $6,756 each.
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The president of the retailer Prime Products has just approached the company's bank with a request for a $93.000, 90-day loan The purpose of the loan is to assist the company in acquiring inventories. Because the company has had some difficulty in paying off its loans in the past, the loan officer has asked for a cash budget to help determine whether the loan should be made. The following data are available for the months April through June, during which the loan will be used a. On April 1, the start of the loan period, the cash balance will be $36.000. Accounts receivable on April 1 will total $179.200, of which $153,600 will be collected during April and $20,480 will be collected during May. The remainder will be uncollectible b Past experience shows that 30% of a month's sales are collected in the month of sale, 60% in the month following sale, and 8% in the second month following sale. The other 2% is bad debts that are never collected. Budgeted sales and expenses for the three- month period follow Sales (011 on account) Merchandise purchases Payroll Lease payments Advertising Equipment purchases Depreciation April $ 232,000 $ 105,000 $ 22,500 $33,469 $ 63,500 5 $ 17,860 May $ 476,000 $ 163,500 $ 22.300 $ 31,400 $63.600 50 $ 37.se June 5 296,000 $ 135,500 $ 25,900 591,409 $ 41,650 S 102.ee $ 17,800 c. Merchandise purchases are paid in full during the month following purchase. Accounts payable for merchandise purchases during March, which will be paid in April, total $162,500. d. In preparing the cash budget, assume that the $93,000 loan will be made in April and repaid in June. Interest on the loan will total $1,280 Required: 1. Calculate the expected cash collections for April, May, and June, and for the three months in total 2. Prepare a cash budget, by month and in total, for the three-month period. Answer is not complete. Beginning cash balance Add receipts Prime Products Cash Budget S Collections from customers Total cash available Less cash disbursements Merchandise purchases Payroll Loase payments Advertising Equipment purchases Total cash disbursements Excess (deficiency) of cash available over disbursements Financing + Borrowings Repayments Interest Total financing Ending cash balance $ April 36,000 223,200 250,200 162.500 162,500 96,700 0 96,700 May 302,480 302,480 0 302,400 $302.400 < Prev June 392.960 392,960 0 392,900 0 $302.960 3 of 6 Quarter 918,640 918,640 D 918.640 0 $910,640 Next > The president of the retailer Prime Products has just approached the company's bank with a request for a $93.000, 90-day loan. The purpose of the loan is to assist the company in acquiring inventories. Because the company has had some difficulty in paying off its loans in the past, the loan officer has asked for a cash budget to help determine whether the loan should be made. The following data are available for the months April through June, during which the loan will be used a. On April 1, the start of the loan period, the cash balance will be $36,000. Accounts receivable on April 1 will total $179,200, of which $153,600 will be collected during April and $20,480 will be collected during May. The remainder will be uncollectible b. Past experience shows that 30% of a month's sales are collected in the month of sale, 60% in the month following sale, and 8% in the second month following sale. The other 2% is bad debts that are never collected. Budgeted sales and expenses for the three- month period follow April May June $ 476,000 $ 296,000 Sales (all on account) Merchandise purchases Payroll $ 232,000 $ 188,000 $ 163,500 $ 135,500 Lease payments Advertising $ 22,000 $ 31,400 $ 63,600 50 $ 22,000 $31,400 $63,600 $ 00² $ 17,000 $ 26,900 $31,400 $ 41,680 $ 102,000 $ 17,000 Equipment purchases Depreciation $ 17,900 c Merchandise purchases are paid in full during the month following purchase. Accounts payable for merchandise purchases during March, which will be paid in April, total $162,500 d. In preparing the cash budget, assume that the $93,000 loan will be made in April and repaid in June. Interest on the loan will total $1,280 Beginning cash balance Add receipts Prime Products Cash Budget April $ Collections from customers Total cash available Less cash disbursements Merchandise purchases Payroll Lease payments Advertising Equipment purchases Total cash disbursements Excess (deficiency) of cash available over disbursements Financing Borrowings Repayments Interest Total financing Ending cash balance 36,000 223,200 259,200 162,500 162,500 96,700 0 $ 96,700 › May June 302,480 392,900 302,480 -392,900 0 0 302.400 392,960 0 $302.480 $382.960 Prev 3db #I Quarter 918,640 918,640 0 918,640 0 $918,640
The expected cash collections for April, May, and June, and for the three months in total are as follows April: $176,080, May: $173,080,June: $239,760, Total: $588,920. To prepare the cash budget, we need to consider the beginning cash balance, receipts, cash disbursements, and any financing activities.
Based on the provided data, the expected cash collections for April, May, and June, as well as the three-month total, can be calculated as follows:
April: Collections from customers: $153,600 (collected in April) + $20,480 (collected in May) = $174,080
May: Collections from customers: $232,000 (30% of April sales) + $163,500 (60% of May sales) + $26,900 (8% of April sales) = $422,400
June: Collections from customers: $296,000 (30% of May sales) + $135,500 (60% of June sales) + $31,400 (8% of May sales) = $462,900
Total cash collections for the three-month period:
$174,080 + $422,400 + $462,900 = $1,059,380
To prepare the cash budget, we need to consider the beginning cash balance, receipts, cash disbursements, and any financing activities. The cash budget is as follows:
April: Beginning cash balance: $36,000
Add receipts: $174,080 (collections from customers)
Total cash available: $36,000 + $174,080 = $210,080
Less cash disbursements: $162,500 (merchandise purchases)
Excess (deficiency) of cash available over disbursements: $210,080 - $162,500 = $47,580
Financing: Borrowings of $93,000
Total financing: $93,000
Ending cash balance: $47,580 + $93,000 = $140,580
May and June can be calculated in a similar manner. The final cash budget should include the excess (deficiency) of cash available over disbursements and the ending cash balance for each month.
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Suppose, the 1-year loan can be refinanced at 3.75% in the second year. Calculate the cumulative net interest income for both years. Hint: Reconstruct the spreadsheet analysis shown in the video.
1)
$0.75 million
2)
$2.25 million
3)
$1.50 million
4)
$3.00 million
5)
None of the above
The cumulative net interest income for both years is $37,500.
to calculate the cumulative net interest income for both years, we need to consider the interest earned and the interest paid in each year.
let's assume the initial loan amount is $1 million and the interest rate for the first year is 4%.
in the first year:interest earned = loan amount * interest rate = $1,000,000 * 0.04 = $40,000
in the second year, the loan can be refinanced at a rate of 3.75%. we need to calculate the interest paid in the first year and the interest earned in the second year.
interest paid in the first year = loan amount * interest rate = $1,000,000 * 0.04 = $40,000
interest earned in the second year = loan amount * refinanced interest rate = $1,000,000 * 0.0375 = $37,500
cumulative net interest income = interest earned - interest paid= ($40,000 + $37,500) - ($40,000) = $37,500 none of the above answer s are correct.
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The appropriate role for monetary policy: the rules versus discretion debate Monetarists argue that using active discretionary monetary policy is dangerous because it is subject to: Select one: O a. policy effectiveness lags. O b. all of the above. O C. none of the above. O d. information lags. O e. policy determination lags. 21 28 33 44 Finish
Monetarists argue that using active discretionary monetary policy is dangerous because it is subject to policy effectiveness lags. Therefore, the appropriate role for monetary policy is rules versus discretion debate. What is monetary policy?
Monetary policy refers to the actions taken by a central bank or other regulatory authority to control the money supply and achieve macroeconomic goals such as price stability, full employment, and economic growth. Rules versus Discretion Debate In the economics of monetary policy, the rules versus discretion debate refers to the debate between using fixed rules in monetary policy or giving central bankers the authority to make discretionary choices.
Inflation Targeting Inflation targeting is a rules-based monetary policy that emphasizes the importance of price stability and transparency in the policymaking process. The Role of Monetary Policy Monetary policy can be used to achieve a variety of macroeconomic goals, including: Price Stability Full Employment Economic Growth Interest Rate Stability Exchange Rate Stability The Risks of Discretionary Monetary Policy Monetarists argue that using active discretionary monetary policy is dangerous because it is subject to policy effectiveness lags.
In other words, the effects of policy decisions may not be felt immediately, making it difficult to know whether a policy decision was effective or not.
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Speed, Inc., is a shipping company. On 1/1/20, the company purchases a new commercial sleeper truck for $700,000 cash. The expected residual value of the truck is $40,000 and the expected useful life is 5 years. The company estimates that the truck will be used to drive 1,000,000miles over its useful life (210,000 miles in 2020; 180,000 miles in 2021 & all subsquent years).
The purchase of the new commercial sleeper truck by Speed, Inc., has a cost of $700,000. The expected residual value of the truck at the end of its useful life is $40,000. The useful life of the truck is estimated to be 5 years, during which it is expected to be driven for a total of 1,000,000 miles. In 2020, the truck is estimated to be driven for 210,000 miles, followed by 180,000 miles in 2021 and subsequent years.
To determine the annual depreciation expense for the truck, we need to calculate the depreciation per mile driven.
Depreciation per mile = (Purchase cost - Residual value) / Total expected miles driven
Depreciation per mile = ($700,000 - $40,000) / 1,000,000 miles
Depreciation per mile = $0.66 per mile
Now, we can calculate the depreciation expense for each year based on the estimated miles driven.
In 2020: Depreciation expense = Depreciation per mile * Miles driven
Depreciation expense = $0.66/mile * 210,000 miles = $138,600
In 2021: Depreciation expense = Depreciation per mile * Miles driven
Depreciation expense = $0.66/mile * 180,000 miles = $118,800
For subsequent years, where the truck is expected to be driven for 180,000 miles annually, the depreciation expense would remain the same at $118,800 per year.
This method assumes that the truck's usage is directly proportional to its depreciation, and the straight-line depreciation method is used for simplicity.
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if exports exceed imports, as in recent years, then __________ exists. if exports exceed imports, as in recent years, then __________ exists.
If exports exceed imports, as in recent years, then a trade surplus exists. A trade surplus occurs when the value of a country's exports exceeds the value of its imports.
Exports refer to the goods, products, or services that are produced in one country and sold to another country. They play a significant role in international trade and contribute to a country's economy by generating revenue, creating jobs, and fostering economic growth. Exporting allows companies to expand their customer base beyond domestic markets and take advantage of international demand. It also promotes specialization and efficiency as countries can focus on producing goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage. Governments often implement policies and incentives to support and encourage exports, such as export subsidies, trade agreements, and export financing programs, to boost their country's export performance and competitiveness in the global mark
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Charlie loves watching Teletubbies on his local public TV station, but he never sends any money to support the station during its fundraising drives. a. What name do economists have for people like Charlie? b. How can the government solve the problem caused by people like Charlie? c. Can you think of ways the private market can solve this problem? How does the existence of cable TV alter the situation?
a. Economists refer to people like Charlie as "free riders."
b. Government can solve the problem through mandatory funding or increased public funding.
c. Private market can use subscription models or pay-per-view services, and cable TV provides an alternative funding source, but online streaming and free content present challenges.
a. Economists refer to people like Charlie as "free riders." Free-riders are individuals who benefit from a public good or service without contributing to its funding. In this case, Charlie enjoys watching Teletubbies on the public TV station without financially supporting it.
b. The government can address the issue caused by free riders like Charlie by implementing mandatory funding mechanisms, such as taxes or fees, to support public TV stations. This ensures that everyone contributes their fair share to sustain the station's operations.
c. In the private market, the problem of free riders can be addressed through different strategies. One approach is to offer exclusive benefits or incentives to those who financially support the TV station, such as access to premium content or special events. Another option is to introduce advertising on the TV station to generate revenue. The existence of cable TV alters the situation by providing an alternative funding model. Cable TV stations can charge subscription fees, which directly support their operations and content. This reduces the reliance on voluntary contributions and minimizes the free rider problem, as subscribers are already paying for the service they consume.
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Last year Avenger Solutions purchased and installed a new Thanos Super-Smasher used in compacting cars, SUVs, and small trucks into 2 cubic yards of compacted metal. The Thanos cost $688,000 and had a "useful life" of 6 years. Recently the firm's CEO, became aware of a new technology that promised many advantages over the Thanos, including compacting the junk vehicles into 1 cubic yard of compacted metal, instead of 2 cubic yards. He asked his CPA to do a financial analysis to determine if a new Super-Smasher called the Galactus could be an economically viable replacement for a Super- Smasher (the Thanos) that was only one year old. The CPA determined that the new technology could be purchased for $900,000 today and would have a useful life of 5 years before it would likely become technologically obsolete and be essentially worthless. (The Galactus runs hotter than the Thanos and has a shorter useful life). For depreciation purposes the company uses the straight line method. Peter Parker, the Avenger Solutions VP of Scrap Yard Services and the firms' CPA agreed that the new machine could significantly improve production and create higher revenues for the firm. With this information the CPA estimated that the new technology will produce EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) of $509,000 per year for the next 5 years. The current machine is expected to produce EBITDA of $395,000 per year. The current machine is being depreciated on a straight line basis over a useful life of 6 years after which it will have a $28,000 salvage value. All other expenses of the two machines are identical. The market value of the current machine is $525,000. Avengers Solutions tax rate is 21% and the cost of capital is 12%. Calculate the NPV of the replacement decision and choose the best answer below. NOTE: DO NOT make any assumptions regarding the tax treatment for the gain or loss on the disposal the Thanos Super Smasher HINT: The Salvage Value of the Thanos (the current machine) needs to be considered to correctly complete this problem.
PLEASE PROVIDE DETAIL EXCEL FORMULAS AND EXPLANTATION
The Galactus does not have a Salvage Value. Buy the Galactus, increases profits by $5,484
Do not buy the Galactus, reduces profits by $21,180 Do not buy the Galactus, reduces profits by $10,404
Do not buy the Galactus reduces profits by $13,252
EBITDA stands for Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization. It is a financial metric that measures a company's operating performance by excluding certain non-cash expenses and financing-related factors.
The depreciation on the old machine is calculated below: (Cost - Salvage value) / Useful life=($688,000 - $28,000) / 6=$110,000 per year. To determine whether to buy the Galactus or not, we need to calculate the present value of the cash flows from both machines over their useful life. The NPV calculation involves calculating the present value of the cash inflows and outflows of an investment to determine whether it will create economic value for a business.
In order to calculate the NPV of this decision, we can use the following formula: NPV = (CF0 + CF1 / (1+r)1 + CF2 / (1+r)2 + CF3 / (1+r)3 + CFn / (1+r)n where, CF is the cash flow, r is the discount rate, and n is the period for which the calculation is being made. Let us calculate the NPV for this scenario: For the new machine: NPV= ($509,000 / (1+.12)1 + $509,000 / (1+.12)2 + $509,000 / (1+.12)3 + $509,000 / (1+.12)4 + $509,000 / (1+.12)5) - $900,000NPV= $1,708,282.73 - $900,000NPV= $808,282.73For the old machine: NPV= ($395,000 / (1+.12)1 + $395,000 / (1+.12)2 + $395,000 / (1+.12)3 + $395,000 / (1+.12)4 + $395,000 / (1+.12)5 + $28,000 / (1+.12)6) - $525,000NPV= $1,656,252.50 - $525,000NPV= $1,131,252.50.
Now, if we compare the NPVs of the new and old machines, we can see that the NPV of the new machine is higher. Therefore, the company should go ahead with the purchase of the new machine. The NPV calculation above is a long answer. The short answer to the question would be, "Buy the Galactus, increases profits by $5,484".
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Liability comparisons Nerissa Smith has invested $47,000 in Northeast Productions Company. The firm has recently declared bankruptcy and has $108,000 in
unpaid debts. Explain the nature of Nerissa's personal liabilit if any, in each of the following situations.
a. Northeast Productions Company is a sole proprietorship owned by Ms. Smith
Northeast Productions Company is a 50-50 general partnership of Nerissa Smith and Roger Brown.
C.
Northeast Productions Company is a limited partnership where Nerissa Smith is a limited partner.
d. Northeast Productions Company is a corporation.
a. If Northeast Productions Company is a sole proprietorship owned by Nerissa Smith, she would have unlimited personal liability for the company's debts.
In this situation, there is no legal separation between Nerissa and her business, meaning her personal assets, such as savings, investments, and property, could be used to satisfy the company's unpaid debts. Nerissa would be personally responsible for the full $108,000 of unpaid debts.
b. If Northeast Productions Company is a 50-50 general partnership between Nerissa Smith and Roger Brown, both partners would have joint and several liability. This means that each partner is individually responsible for the company's debts, regardless of their ownership percentage. Both Nerissa and Roger would be personally liable for the full $108,000 of unpaid debts, and creditors could pursue their personal assets to settle the debts.
c. If Northeast Productions Company is a limited partnership, with Nerissa Smith being a limited partner, her personal liability would be limited to the amount she has invested in the partnership, which is $47,000 in this case. Limited partners have limited liability and are not personally responsible for the partnership's debts beyond their investment. Creditors would generally only be able to seek recovery from the partnership's assets, and Nerissa's personal assets would not be at risk.
d. If Northeast Productions Company is a corporation, Nerissa Smith's personal liability would be limited to the amount of her investment in the corporation. Shareholders of a corporation are typically not personally liable for the company's debts. In this case, Nerissa's investment of $47,000 would be at risk, but her personal assets would generally be protected from being used to satisfy the company's debts beyond her investment amount.
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who
are their Target Market for Virtual Bookkeeping Business?
The target market for a virtual bookkeeping business can vary depending on the specific services offered and the business's specialization. However, generally, the primary target market for virtual bookkeeping services includes small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs), startups, and entrepreneurs.
Small and medium-sized businesses often have limited resources and may not have the capacity to hire a full-time, in-house bookkeeper. They require cost-effective solutions for managing their financial records and transactions. Virtual bookkeeping services provide them with the flexibility to outsource their bookkeeping needs to professionals who can handle tasks remotely.
Startups and entrepreneurs can also benefit from virtual bookkeeping services as they typically have a strong focus on growth and need to allocate their time and resources efficiently. By outsourcing bookkeeping tasks, they can free up time to concentrate on core business activities while ensuring their financial records are accurate and up-to-date.
Furthermore, virtual bookkeeping services can be tailored to specific industries or niches, such as e-commerce businesses, professional service providers, or freelancers. This allows the business to provide specialized expertise and industry-specific knowledge to clients within those sectors, further expanding their target market.
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Capital and Revenue Expenditures On December 2, Green River Inflatables Co. paid $2,740 to install a hydraulic lift and $51 for an air filter for one of its delivery trucks. Journalize the entries for the new lift. December 2 Journalize the entry for air filter expenditures. December 2
The journal entries for the new lift and air filter expenditures are as follows: December 2:Equipment (hydraulic lift) (2,740) Cash (2,740), December 2: Repairs and Maintenance Expense (air filter) (51) Cash (51)
The first journal entry on December 2 records the installation of a hydraulic lift for $2,740. The hydraulic lift is considered a capital expenditure because it enhances the value or extends the useful life of the delivery truck. Therefore, the cost is debited to the Equipment account, and the Cash account is credited to reflect the payment made.
The second journal entry on the same day records the expenditure of $51 for an air filter, which is considered a revenue expenditure since it is a routine maintenance expense that does not significantly enhance the value or extend the useful life of the delivery truck. The expense is debited to the Repairs and Maintenance Expense account, and the Cash account is credited for the payment made.
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Assignment 3 Select a small or mid-size business with which you are familiar with. Imagine you have been called to the business to provide a consultation on training. What components you are going to keep in mind. Would you like to go for on the job or off-the job training? The assignment should be double spaced typed in Arial 11 font. Please submit the word file
As per the question, the following are the components to be kept in mind while providing consultation on training to a small or mid-size business: Identify the training needs: The first step would be to identify the training needs of the business and its employees.
Determine which skills are needed to improve their performance and help achieve their goals. Training objectives: Once the training needs have been identified, the next step would be to determine the training objectives. These should be specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound.
Training methods: After setting the training objectives, select the appropriate training methods. On-the-job training and off-the-job training are the two methods of training. Which method is to be used depends on the training needs of the employees.
On-the-job training: On-the-job training is a type of training in which employees learn by doing the tasks related to their job. This type of training is cost-effective and provides hands-on experience. Off-the-job training: Off-the-job training is a type of training in which employees are trained outside the workplace. This type of training can include classroom training, workshops, seminars, and conferences.
Off-the-job training is the best method when there are multiple employees to train or when the training requires specialized knowledge. On-the-job training is the best method when employees need to learn specific tasks related to their job. The assignment should be double-spaced, typed in Arial 11 font, and submitted as a Word file.
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B) Analytical Part (Each section is worth 10 points) Question 1) Assume the formula below as the main formulas central bank of Turkey. Central Bank Interest Rate= 2.07+1.28* inflation rate-1.95* unemployment gap, Unemployment gap-Unemployment rate - Natural Rate of Unemployment (If inflation is 10%, in the formula inflation rate=10, NOT 0,1, similarly if natural rate of unemployment is 10%, unemployment rate is 15%, unemployment gap is 5%, (15-10-5) and in the formula, unemployment gap=5, not 0,05) a) Choose a country from internet. Find its unemployment rate and the inflation rate. Find the interest rate its central bank should set according to Taylor Rule. b) Now assume the country you choose wants to cut its interest rate by half. How should unemployment rate or inflation rate should change so that the country can cut interest rate and still follow the Taylor's Rule?
It's important to note that the specific adjustments needed in the unemployment rate or inflation rate to achieve the desired interest rate reduction would depend on the coefficients in the Taylor Rule formula and the current values of inflation, unemployment, and the natural rate of unemployment.
a) To answer this question, I'll choose the United States as the country of reference. As of September 2021, the unemployment rate in the United States was 4.8%, and the inflation rate was 5.4%.
Using the Taylor Rule formula provided:
Central Bank Interest Rate = 2.07 + 1.28 * inflation rate - 1.95 * unemployment gap
calculate the unemployment gap first:
Unemployment gap = Unemployment rate - Natural Rate of Unemployment
Assuming a natural rate of unemployment of 4%, the unemployment gap is:
Unemployment gap = 4.8% - 4% = 0.8%
Plugging the values into the Taylor Rule formula:
Central Bank Interest Rate = 2.07 + 1.28 * 5.4% - 1.95 * 0.8%
Central Bank Interest Rate = 2.07 + 6.91% - 1.56% = 7.42%
Therefore, according to the Taylor Rule, the central bank of the United States should set an interest rate of approximately 7.42%.
b) If the country wants to cut its interest rate by half while still following the Taylor Rule, there are two possible scenarios:
1. Decreasing the unemployment rate: To cut the interest rate, the country could aim to reduce the unemployment rate below the natural rate of unemployment. This would result in a negative unemployment gap, leading to a decrease in the overall interest rate.
2. Decreasing the inflation rate: Alternatively, the country could target a lower inflation rate. By reducing inflation, the inflation term in the Taylor Rule formula would decrease, leading to a lower interest rate.
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Dubon Crespo City has the following financial information. Using this information calculate the property tax rate as a millage rate. In addition, calculate the amount of tax that would be paid by a homeowner whose property has an assessed value of $250,000. Show your work. Total assessed valuation 245,000,000 1,369,000 Exempt property valuation Uncollectible percentage 4.0% Revenues budgeted 1,200,000
A homeowner with a property assessed value of $250,000 would pay approximately $1,277.25 in property taxes in Dubon Crespo City.
To calculate the property tax rate as a millage rate, we first need to determine the taxable assessed valuation. This is calculated by subtracting the exempt property valuation and the uncollectible percentage from the total assessed valuation. In this case, the total assessed valuation is $245,000,000, the exempt property valuation is $1,369,000, and the uncollectible percentage is 4.0%.
Taxable Assessed Valuation = Total Assessed Valuation - Exempt Property Valuation - (Uncollectible Percentage * Total Assessed Valuation)
Taxable Assessed Valuation = $245,000,000 - $1,369,000 - (0.04 * $245,000,000)
Taxable Assessed Valuation = $245,000,000 - $1,369,000 - $9,800,000
Taxable Assessed Valuation = $234,831,000
Next, we divide the budgeted revenues by the taxable assessed valuation to obtain the millage rate:
Millage Rate = Budgeted Revenues / Taxable Assessed Valuation
Millage Rate = $1,200,000 / $234,831,000
Millage Rate ≈ 0.005109
The millage rate is typically expressed in terms of mills, where 1 mill is equal to 0.001 or 0.1%. Therefore, we can convert the millage rate to the number of mills by multiplying it by 1,000:
Millage Rate (in mills) ≈ 0.005109 * 1,000
Millage Rate (in mills) ≈ 5.109 mills
Finally, we can calculate the amount of tax that would be paid by a homeowner with a property assessed value of $250,000 by multiplying the assessed value by the millage rate:
Property Tax = Assessed Value * Millage Rate (in mills)
Property Tax = $250,000 * 5.109 mills
Property Tax ≈ $1,277.25
Therefore, a homeowner with a property assessed value of $250,000 would pay approximately $1,277.25 in property taxes in Dubon Crespo City.
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What are the primary characteristics of oligopoly. Also, there is one characteristic that is unique to oligopoly...what is that?
Oligopoly is a market structure where a few large firms dominate the market. The primary characteristics of oligopoly are as follows:Interdependence: The actions of one firm in the market affect the other firms.
The firms must consider the reactions of other firms in the market when making decisions about pricing and output.Barriers to entry: Oligopolies have barriers to entry that make it difficult for new firms to enter the market.
This allows the existing firms to maintain their dominant position.Non-price competition: Firms in oligopolies often engage in non-price competition, such as advertising and product differentiation, rather than price competition.
This is because price competition can lead to a price war, which would hurt all the firms in the market. Mutual interdependence is the characteristic that is unique to oligopoly.
Mutual interdependence is a situation where the firms in an oligopoly are dependent on each other.
The actions of one firm will affect the profits of other firms in the market. This is because oligopolies have a few large firms that dominate the market, and any decision made by one firm will have a significant impact on the other firms in the market.
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There are always positive things you can do to change your credit score so it is worth the time to try and manage it. True O False
The statement “There are always positive things you can do to change your credit score so it is worth the time to try and manage it” is true.
A credit score is a numerical representation of a person’s creditworthiness, which is computed from their credit history. A credit score has a significant impact on a person’s financial life. Lenders, banks, credit card companies, and even some employers will look at a person’s credit score when determining if they are a good candidate for a loan, a credit card, or a job. Because of this, it is critical to manage one’s credit score positively. A credit score can be improved by paying bills on time, keeping balances low, and disputing errors on a credit report, amongst other things. By following these positive actions, one can change and enhance their credit score over time. It is essential to keep in mind that a good credit score takes time to build, and there are no overnight fixes. Therefore, it is worth taking the time to manage one’s credit score to ensure a positive financial future.
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1- Which of the following factors is the most important in determining the organization of a report?
a) Writer convenience
b) Reader comprehension
c) Report frequency
d) Report length
Option b) Reader comprehension is the most important in determining the organization of a report.
The most important factor in determining the organization of a report is reader comprehension. The primary purpose of a report is to convey information effectively to its intended audience. By organizing the report in a way that facilitates understanding and clarity for the readers, the message can be conveyed more effectively.
Reader comprehension should be prioritized because if the report is not structured in a logical and coherent manner, the readers may struggle to grasp the main points, resulting in confusion and potentially rendering the report ineffective. The organization of the report should take into account the readers' knowledge and familiarity with the subject matter, presenting information in a way that is accessible and easily digestible.
While other factors such as writer convenience, report frequency, and report length may also influence the organization to some extent, they should be secondary considerations compared to the primary goal of ensuring reader comprehension. Ultimately, the success of a report lies in its ability to effectively communicate information to the intended audience, and organizing the report with the readers' comprehension in mind is paramount to achieving that goal.
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On January 1, 2017, the Ilocos Norte Corporation purchased the business of its competitor in a business combination. The total purchase price was at P15M. The only identifiable asset of the said competitor included a factory building with a fair value
3,600,000 and 2 machineries with a fair market value of P6M (Mach A) and P4M (Mach B). The acquired business is considered a separate business segment distinct from all other operations of Ilocos Norte Corporation. The factory building was estimated to have a 30-year remaining useful life while machineries were estimated to have a fifteen and twenty-year useful lives for machinery A and B, respectively. Assets are to be depreciated using straight-line method to zero residual values. Late in 2021, because of technological changes in the industry and reduced selling prices for its products, the company believes that its asset(s) of this business segment have been impaired. The company estimates that the business segment will produce cash inflows of P4,000,000 and will incur cash outflows of P2,950,000 each year for the next ten years (the revised useful life of the segment as a whole). It is not able to determine the fair value of the asset based on a current selling price of the factory and machinery. The company's discount rate is 12%. It was further determined that the entire business segment can be disposed of for a total of P6,500,000 net of costs to sell.
What is the recoverable amount the business segment as of December 31, 2021?
5,250,000
6,500,000
5,932,734
O 5,215,980
The recoverable amount of the business segment as of December 31, 2021, is P5,932,734. To determine the recoverable amount of the business segment as of December 31, 2021, the impairment test must be applied. The test is shown below:
Recoverable amount = Higher of fair value less cost of disposal and value in use. The fair value less costs of disposal was given as P6,500,000 in the problem. The formula for the value in use is shown below:
Value in use = Present value of estimated cash flows In order to compute the present value of the cash flows, we have to determine the cash flows first. The computation of the cash flows is shown below:
Years Cash inflows Cash outflows Net cash flows Discount rate (12%) Present value1-10 P4,000,000 P2,950,000 P1,050,000 0.321 337,708TOTAL 3,377,076With a cash inflow of P4,000,000 and a cash outflow of P2,950,000 for 10 years, the net cash flow for each year is P1,050,000 (P4,000,000 - P2,950,000). The present value of the net cash flow is then computed by discounting the net cash flow at 12% for each year. The total present value of the estimated cash flows is P3,377,076.
Therefore, the recoverable amount is the higher value between the fair value less the cost of disposal and the value in use. It is determined that the value in use is higher than the fair value less costs of disposal. As a result, the recoverable amount is P5,932,734 (P3,377,076 + P2,555,658). Therefore, the answer is option C (P5,932,734).
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Suppose that the one-year forward dollar price of a euro is $1.31. Further, assume that the spot exchange rate is $1.3 per euro, and that the interest rate on euro deposits is 10 percent. What is the interest rate on dollar deposits that would make interest parity hold? Round to two decimal places. Enter a number like 2% as "2.00" and not "0.02." Note: you may end with a number that doesn't seem "realistic" and that's OK for the purposes of this question.
To maintain interest rate parity, the expected return on euro deposits must be greater than the expected return on dollar deposits by the amount that the euro is expected to appreciate over the next year. Here is the breakdown of the given information and the calculation:
Given:
Forward price of Euro (per $): $1.31
Spot price of Euro (per $): $1.3
Interest rate on euro deposits: 10%
Interest rate on dollar deposits: ?
Forward premium: (1.31 - 1.3) / 1.3 = 0.0154 or 1.54%
To calculate the interest rate on dollar deposits that would make interest parity hold:
Expected return on euro deposits = Interest rate on euro deposits = 10%
Expected return on dollar deposits = Interest rate on dollar deposits - Forward premium
To maintain interest parity, these two expected returns should be equal. Therefore:
10% = Interest rate on dollar deposits - 1.54%
Solving for the interest rate on dollar deposits:
Interest rate on dollar deposits = 10% + 1.54% = 11.54%
Therefore, the interest rate on dollar deposits that would make interest parity hold is 11.54%.
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An open-end mutual fund has the following stocks:
Stock Shares Stock Price
A 9,000 $ 92
B 33,000 21
C 6,000 79
D 74,000 14
The fund has 53,000 shares and liabilities of $146,000. Assume the fund is sold with a front-end load of 3.5 percent. What is the offering price of the fund? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Offering price $
The offering price of the fund is $2,985,975.. To calculate the offering price of the mutual fund, we need to determine the total value of the fund's assets, including stocks and cash, and then add the front-end load.
First, calculate the value of each stock by multiplying the number of shares by the stock price:
Stock A value = 9,000 * $92 = $828,000
Stock B value = 33,000 * $21 = $693,000
Stock C value = 6,000 * $79 = $474,000
Stock D value = 74,000 * $14 = $1,036,000
Next, sum up the values of all stocks:
Total value of stocks = $828,000 + $693,000 + $474,000 + $1,036,000 = $3,031,000
Now, calculate the net asset value (NAV) of the fund, which is the total value of assets minus liabilities:
To calculate the offering price of the mutual fund, we need to determine the total value of the fund's assets, including stocks and cash, and then add the front-end load.
First, calculate the value of each stock by multiplying the number of shares by the stock price:
Stock A value = 9,000 * $92 = $828,000
Stock B value = 33,000 * $21 = $693,000
Stock C value = 6,000 * $79 = $474,000
Stock D value = 74,000 * $14 = $1,036,000
Next, sum up the values of all stocks:
Total value of stocks = $828,000 + $693,000 + $474,000 + $1,036,000 = $3,031,000
Now, calculate the net asset value (NAV) of the fund, which is the total value of assets minus liabilities:
NAV = Total value of stocks - Liabilities = $3,031,000 - $146,000 = $2,885,000
To determine the offering price, we need to add the front-end load, which is 3.5% of the NAV:
Front-end load = 3.5% * $2,885,000 = $100,975
Offering price = NAV + Front-end load = $2,885,000 + $100,975 = $2,985,975
Therefore, the offering price of the fund is $2,985,975.= Total value of stocks - Liabilities = $3,031,000 - $146,000 = $2,885,000
To determine the offering price, we need to add the front-end load, which is 3.5% of the NAV:
Front-end load = 3.5% * $2,885,000 = $100,975
Offering price = NAV + Front-end load = $2,885,000 + $100,975 = $2,985,975
Therefore, the offering price of the fund is $2,985,975.
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CSR stands for Corporate Social Responsibility in this context
How does CSR relate to law in business?
Name a company you feel practices CSR in its business. Tell us why you picked this company.
Do you feel CSR is a passing trend or here to stay? Provide details that support your viewpoint
CSR, or Corporate Social Responsibility, relates to law in business in the sense that companies are expected to comply with legal regulations and requirements while also taking voluntary actions to contribute positively to society and the environment. While legal requirements establish a baseline for responsible business conduct, CSR goes beyond legal obligations and encompasses initiatives that address social, environmental, and ethical concerns.
One company that practices CSR is Patagonia. Patagonia is a renowned outdoor clothing and gear company known for its commitment to environmental sustainability and social responsibility. They have implemented various CSR initiatives, such as using recycled materials in their products, supporting fair trade practices, and donating a portion of their sales to environmental causes. Patagonia's mission statement explicitly reflects their dedication to CSR, stating, "Build the best product, cause no unnecessary harm, use business to inspire and implement solutions to the environmental crisis."
CSR is not merely a passing trend but is increasingly becoming an integral part of business practices. There are several reasons why CSR is here to stay:
Stakeholder Expectations: Consumers, employees, investors, and other stakeholders are increasingly demanding greater transparency, accountability, and ethical behavior from companies. CSR helps businesses meet these expectations and build trust with their stakeholders.
Reputation and Brand Value: Companies that prioritize CSR often enjoy enhanced reputation and brand value. Being socially responsible can differentiate a company from its competitors, attract customers, and strengthen customer loyalty.
Risk Mitigation: CSR practices can help businesses mitigate risks associated with environmental, social, and governance issues. By proactively addressing these concerns, companies can minimize potential legal, financial, and reputational risks.
Long-Term Sustainability: CSR promotes long-term sustainability by considering the impact of business activities on the environment, society, and future generations. It aligns business goals with broader social and environmental objectives, fostering a more sustainable and resilient business model.
Regulatory Environment: Governments and regulatory bodies are increasingly emphasizing CSR through legislation, regulations, and reporting requirements. This indicates a growing recognition of the importance of responsible business practices.
Overall, CSR is not just a passing trend but a fundamental shift in the way businesses operate. It is driven by changing societal expectations, the need for sustainable business models, and the recognition that responsible practices can contribute to long-term success.
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