Would the reaction rate on graph B of Model 2 ever reach a maximum level? Justify your answer.
The graph B never saturates because the enzyme is always in excess. These excess enzymes will convert the starch into simple glucose molecules. Hence, there will be no maximum limit, as both are in abundance.
What is the enzyme substrate reaction?The enzyme has an active site where the substrate can bind and convert into the product, so the enzyme is called a catalyst. Here the enzyme is amylase, and its substrate is starch. When there is an excess of enzymes in the solution, they can convert it into a product as long as substrates are available. If the substrate runs out, the reaction will come to a halt.
Hence, this reaction has no maximum limit until there are excess substrates and enzymes. If one is restricted, then the reaction can stop.
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17.plants containing only chlorophyll b are exposed to radiation with the following wavelengths: 10nm(x-rays), 450nm (blue light), 670nm (red light), 670nm (red light), and 800nm (infrared light). which plants harness (use) the most energy for photosynthesis? blue light irradiated plants.
The greatest energy is captured (used) for photosynthesis by plants exposed to blue light.
Platids, which can be rounded, oval, or disk-shaped bodies and are used in the synthesis and storage of food, include chloroplasts. The presence of the two pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b gives chloroplasts their distinctive green colour, which sets them apart from other plastid types. The pigments' ability to absorb light energy for photosynthesis is one of their functions. The chloroplasts include other pigments, such as carotenoids, which act as accessory pigments by absorbing sun energy and transferring it to the chlorophyll. All green tissues in plants have chloroplasts, although they are notably dense in the parenchyma cells of the leaf mesophyll.
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Which bond or bonds in α‑d‑glucose must be broken to change its configuration to β‑d‑glucose?.
To convert α-D-glucose to the β-D-glucose, the bond among the C-1 and the hydroxyl on the C-5 should be damaged and the reformed withinside the contrary of the configuration.
To convert the D-glucose to the D-mannose, both the —H or the —OH on C-2 that should be damaged and reformed withinside the contrary of the configuration. Conversion among chair and the conformations does now no longer require a bond the breakage; that is the essential and difference among the configuration and the conformation.
α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose is the instance of an anomers. An Anomer is a saccharide most effective the differs in its shape on the anomeric of the carbon. Anomeric carbon is being the purposeful organization of the carbohydrate, wherein is commonly the carboxyl organization which is connected to it. Epimeres, is fluctuate at most effective the only chiral center, now no longer the anomeric carbon.
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the ability to carry an electrical charge along the cell is called . also known as responsiveness, is a characteristic of all cells but more highly developed in muscle and nerve cells. muscles can pull bones closer to one another and increase the motility of some organs. this is due to the property of . skeletal muscles can stretch up to three times their contracted length. this is called . muscles can stretch and, when released, return to their original, shorter length. this property is referred to as .
Conductivity is the capacity of a cell to carry a electrical charge. sometimes referred to as responsiveness
What parts of the body are skeletal?The main structural component of your body is the skeletal system. It is made up of bones & connective tissue, such as ligaments, tendons, and cartilage. Other name for it is skeletal system.
What does "skeleton" mean?A typically rigid framework that serves as an organism's support system or layer of protection. Particularly: something stripped to its most basic form or constituent elements, such as the bony or just about cartilaginous framework that supports the soft tissues and safeguards the internal organs of the a vertebrate.
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As stated in the previous sentence, conductivity is the capacity of a cell to transfer an electrical current.
What do all the bones represent?
In the human body, there are five different kinds of bones: bone length: The majority of the bone fragments in the limbs are among them, which are primarily compacted calcium with little marrow. These bones typically aid in movement and weight bearing. Short bones, including the ankle and wrist bones, have only a thin covering of dense bone.
What are the bones' structures?
Bone Gross Anatomy. A long bone's diaphysis and epiphysis are its two primary halves. The flat, tubular shaft which it connects the proximal and the distal corners of the bone is known as the diaphysis. The medullary resides inside the diaphysis.
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How do ocean currents impact the climate of a region?
Answer:
"currents regulate global climate, helping to counteract the uneven distribution of solar radiation reaching Earth's surface."
Explanation:
This was the definition I found, but if you'd like some more help, let me know! :)
what is the definition of a recessive allele? multiple choice an allele that is expressed when environmental conditions dictate that it must be an allele that is expressed only when it is needed an allele whose phenotypic effect is expressed when present in one or two copies an allele whose phenotypic effect is only expressed when present in two copies
The definition of a recessive allele is Option D. whose phenotypic effect is only expressed when present in two copies.
The best description of a recessive allele is that it does now not decide the phenotype while a dominant allele for the identical trait is a gift. A type of allele that when gifted on its personal will not have an effect on the man or woman. copies of the allele want to be a gift for the phenotype to be expressed.
People inherit variations of each gene, referred to as alleles, from each parent. In the case of a recessive trait, the alleles of the trait-causing gene are the same, and both (recessive) alleles ought to be gifted to express the trait. A recessive allele does now not produce a trait at all when the handiest copy is present.
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the folowing statements are true about fermentation: a. all of the above are true b. net two molecules of atp are produced c. takes place in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. d. does not require o2.
All of the above statements are true about fermentation. In fermentation, net two molecules of ATP are produced. This process takes place in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, fermentation does not require oxygen.It is an anaerobic process.
Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces ATP through the breakdown of glucose. This process does not require oxygen and takes place in the absence of oxygen. In fermentation, glucose is converted into pyruvate, and then pyruvate is converted into ATP. The net production of two ATP molecules per glucose molecule is lower than that of aerobic respiration, but fermentation does not require oxygen, making it an important process in anaerobic conditions.
Fermentation is used by many organisms, including bacteria, yeast, and some plants. In bacteria, fermentation is used to produce lactic acid, which is then converted into ATP. In yeast, fermentation is used to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide. In plants, fermentation is used to produce lactic acid, ethanol, and carbon dioxide.
Fermentation is an important process in the food industry. It is used to produce bread, wine, beer, and cheese. It is also used to produce yogurt, sauerkraut, and other fermented foods.
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What technique was most helpful to watson and crick in developing their model for the structure of dna?.
X-Ray crystallography was the technique that helped Watson and crick in developing their model for the structure of DNA.
A crystal's crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into a variety of distinct directions, which is how X-ray crystallography, an experimental science, determines a crystal's atomic and molecular structure.
Famous researchers Watson and Crick made history by figuring out the structure of DNA. They discovered that DNA is composed of two strands wound around one another to form a double-helical structure using X-ray crystallography. It was developed by Rosalind Franklin using an approach called X-ray crystallography and showed the DNA molecule's helical structure. The genetic code for all living things is encoded in two chains of nucleotide pairs that make up DNA, as Watson and Crick discovered.
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The presence of what cell part will be most helpful in classifying a cell as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic?.
The nucleus is the component that contributes the most to determining whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic in nature.
Because it houses a cell's DNA, the nucleus is one of the most crucial eukaryotic organelles. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are two other crucial organelles that are assumed to have evolved from primitive single-celled organisms and play significant roles in energy conversion. Organelles that are membrane-bound, such as numerous mitochondria, are present in eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, the process of cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria. Prokaryotic cells, in contrast, lack mitochondria and other membrane-bound organelles but still engage in cellular respiration.
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) a tiger is known to chase its target at a speed of 50mph . a tiger found its prey amongst a herd of wild cattle. the tiger was a quarter of a mile behind the cow that it wanted to catch which was running in 25 mph. how long will it take the tiger to catch its prey?
Considering their distance apart, the time it will take the tiger to catch its prey is 36 seconds.
What time will it take the tiger to catch its prey?The time will it take the tiger to catch its prey can be determined below as follows:
The two times are equal, hence, let the time it will take the tiger t.
the distance traveled by the cow = d
distance traveled by the tiger = d + 0.25 miles
Time = distance / speedTime taken by the cow = d / 25
Time taken by the tiger = d + 0.25 / 50
equating the two times:
d / 25 = d + 0.25 / 50
25d + 6.25 = 50d
25d = 6.25
d = 0.25 miles
Distance traveled by tiger = 0.25 + 0.25
Distance traveled by tiger = 0.5 miles
Time taken by the tiger = 0.5/50
Time taken by the tiger = 0.01 hours or 36 seconds
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Charged ions are traveling through a cell membrane with the concentration gradient. Which process is represented here?.
Charged ions are traveling through a cell membrane with the concentration gradient this is by Diffusion.
Diffusion is the transfer of a substance's individual molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration over a semipermeable barrier. The type of interaction between the medium and the substance affects the rate of diffusion.
Simple diffusion is one type of diffusion that can be aided by another molecule.
Simple Diffusion is the movement of molecules along their concentration gradient in the absence of any other molecules' direct participation. It may entail the movement of a particle over a membrane or the dispersion of a substance through a medium.Diffusion must take place in the presence of another molecule (the facilitator) in a process known as facilitated diffusion. Large or polar molecules must be transported by facilitated diffusion.To know more about Diffusion visit the link:
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what is the first piece of evidence that the mitochondria and chloroplast were once their own organism?
It was the endosymbiont theory which suggested that mitochondria and chloroplast were once their own organism. Researchers discovered that the DNA in the mitochondria and plastids of plant cells was unique.
The fact that mitochondria contain their own DNA, cell-independent division, and morphological similarities to alpha-proteobacteria are only a few of the facts that indicate they were once autonomous organisms. Chloroplasts, which resemble small green factories inside plant cells and aid in converting solar energy into sugars, share many characteristics with mitochondria. These chloroplast organelles may have formerly been free-living bacteria, according to the research.
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which process or feature would most be responsible for the greatest incremental growth in a water droplet?
The process or feature that is responsible for the greatest incremental growth in a water droplet is collision coalescence.
What is Collision coalescence?
Collision coalescence is a natural phenomenon that take place in clouds in upper atmospheric regions.
In general, the atmospheric area having temperature above freezing point lead to the formation of collision coalescence process.
In such region, a sufficient incremental growth in water droplets takes place. These droplets then collide with each other and form precipitates which become heavier enough and then fall on earth in the form of rain.
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B cells have antigen receptors that bind to antigens that are either freely dissolved or present on the surface of invading/foreign cells. T cells have antigen receptors that.
T cells have antigen receptors that: bind to antigen fragments presented on major histocompatibility complexes by host cells.
T cells are a type of lymphocytes. They are an essential component of immune cells and are of two types: Helper T cells and Cytotoxic T cells. The helper cells help in the activation of other immune cells like B cells to fight against infection, while the cytotoxic cells directly kill the foreign invaders.
Major Histocompatibility Complexes are the genes that encode for proteins that help in the presentation of foreign antigens onto the surface of infected cells so that they can be recognized by immune cells. They are present in all of the higher vertebrate animals.
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g human blood flows from the aorta to the capillaries. the radius of an aorta is 12 mm, and a capillary average 4 micrometer. blood speed is 400 mm/s in the aorta, and 0.5 mm/s in a capillary. estimate how many billions of capillaries are in the body.
The body's estimated total number of billions of capillaries is seven, based on the equation of continuity is 7×[tex]10^{9}[/tex].
The blood's density is relatively constant from the aorta to the capillaries. The volume flow rate across all capillaries must be equal to the volume flow rate in the aorta according to the continuity equation.
The area of a sample capillary is multiplied by the overall number of capillaries N to get the total area of all of the capillaries.
Assume that A1 represents the aorta and that A2 represents all of the blood vessels.
Then A1 = N× π×r²
where r = 4 x [tex]10^{4}[/tex] cm is thought to be the capillary's average radius. We can infer from the continuity equation that
v2×A2 = v1×A1
v2×π×N×r²cap = v1×π×r²arota
When we substitute and solve for N in the equation, we obtain the value of N as 7×[tex]10^{9}[/tex].
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all of the following are functions of muscles except a. control of openings. b. heat production. c. respiration. d. secretion. e. stability.
The function of muscles except option D. Secretion.
The muscular machine is composed of specialised cells known as muscle fibers. Their principal characteristic is contractibility. Muscle mass, attached to bones or inner organs and blood vessels, are chargeable for motion. Nearly all movement within the body is the end result of muscle contraction.
Those muscle tissues assist you flow, carry things, pump blood through your frame, and even help you breathe. While you reflect onconsideration on your muscle tissue, you probably suppose most about those you can manipulate. These are your voluntary (VOL-uhn-ter-ee) muscular tissues, which means you may control their movements.
Muscle tissue flow body components by using contracting and then enjoyable. Muscle tissues can pull bones, however they cannot push them back to the authentic role.
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Which of these descriptions of the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis explains mendel’s law of independent assortment?.
This descriptions of the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis explains Mendel's law of independent assortment:
The arrangement of each pair of homologous chromosomes on the metaphase plate during metaphase I is random with respect to the arrangements of other pairs.
Understanding Mendel's Law
Mendel's law consists of Mendel's law I and Mendel's law II, as quoted from the Learning Resources page published by the Ministry of Education and Culture. Check out the explanation below.
The law of inheritance of the nature of GJ. Mendel
1. Mendel's Law I
Mendel's first law is also known as the law of segregation. Mendel's first law attempts to explain the independent separation of pairs of alleles during meiotic division in the formation of gametes.
Segregation is followed by a change in the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid. Mendel's first law applies to monohybrid crosses or crosses with one object trait.
2. Mendel's second law
Mendel's second law is also known as the law of assortation (in pairs). In Mendel's Second Law, each gene or trait can pair independently with another gene or trait that is not the same at the time of gamete formation.
If Mendel's I law applies to monohybrid crosses, then Mendel's II laws explain dihybrid crosses. A dihybrid cross is a cross with two different traits.
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which one of the following nucleotide bases is not found in rna? a)adenine b)thymine c) guanine d) cytosine
The following are the chemical elements of thymine. In RNA, nucleotide bases are absent.
The ideal response is B.
In what type of nucleotide does RNA exist?A molecule made composed of a nitrogen-containing base (such as adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine in DNA or adenine, guanine, uracil, or cytosine in RNA), a phosphate group, and a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA; ribose in RNA).
How many RNA bases are there?The nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil make up RNA. Similar to thymine, another pyrimidine found in DNA, uracil is a pyrimidine that has a similar structural makeup. Uracil can base-pair with adenine similarly to how thymine can.
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when an rh-negative mother gives birth to an rh-positive infant, the mother usually produces antibodies that will attack any subsequent pregnancies in which the fetus is rh positive. when subsequent babies are rh positive, erythroblastosis fetalis occurs. what is another name for erythroblastosis fetalis?
Alloimmune HDFN (Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn) is another name for erythroblastosis fetalis.
What is erythroblastosis fetalis?
Hemolytic anaemia in the fetus known as erythroblastosis fetalis is brought on by the transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies to fetal red blood cells.
This condition is typically brought on by mismatch between the maternal and fetal blood groups, frequently Rho (D) antigens.
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies from the mother damage neonatal red blood cells, which is the source of the condition. Isoimmunization refers to the production of maternal antibodies in response to a fetal antigens.
Therefore, Alloimmune HDFN (Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn) is another name for erythroblastosis fetalis.
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describe some of the plants with which you are fimilar
Answer:
I like banbanana tree
Explanation:
Answer:
Paddy.
Explanation:
Paddy is a common crop in our country, and I am familiar with it since my early childhood. Rice, which we get from paddy, is the staple food in our country and our food demand is mainly supported by this crop. I would like to thank you for this great topic which expects me to talk about a crop I am familiar with.
Paddy is grown in almost all parts of our country by the farmers. But the north part of the country is particularly suitable to produce the finest quality of paddy due to its arable lands and higher rainfalls. The paddy plant grows well in fertile lands where plenty of water supplies is available. But it can't grow in water.
Rice is the main source for our daily carbohydrate requirements. No doubt, this is the most important crop in our country. If we can't grow plenty of paddy plants, we won't have enough rice. And as a consequence, we won't have enough food supply for our people. This epitomises how important this single crop is for us!
Every nation has its own main crop and its economy is much influenced by it. In our country, paddy has similar influences on our economy. I like this paddy plant as it looks beautiful in the green field and whenever I visit a rural area, lush paddy fields take my heart away. They are such a beautiful sight to look at. The golden paddy, when they ripe, and the green plants, when they are yet to ripe, look amazing when it dances with the rhythm of the wind, it's heavenly. I also like this crop because it is our main food source.
The importance of this crop is monumental, especially for our country. If we do not have this crop in our country even for a single year, we would have a huge problem fulfilling our daily food needs.
the closest relatives of fungi and animals are group of answer choices amoebozoans. chlorophytes. alveolates. stramenopiles. none of these.
A group of amoebozoans are the closest living relatives of fungi & animals.
Fungi are either bacteria or plants.A lot of people think that fungus are plants. Fungi, on the other hand, are organisms that belong to their own order of life and are neither plant nor animals. They do not carry out photosynthesis like plants or consume their food like animals, which distinguishes them from other species in this regard.
What do mushrooms eat?Since they feed on decaying or decaying matter, most fungus are saprophytes. The accumulation of leaf litter or other trash on the ground is reduced as a result. The nutrients that the fungus has taken subsequently become available to other species that may consume fungi.
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Margulis’ theory of the origin of mitochondria proposes that mitochondria ______.
Margulis’ theory of the origin of mitochondria proposes that mitochondria originated when a larger anerobic cell engulfed a smaller aerobic cell.
Margulis wrote in her 1967 essay that the protomitochondrion, an aerobic prokaryotic microbe, was absorbed into the cytoplasm of a heterotrophic anaerobe as the first stage in the genesis of eukaryotes from prokaryotes in order to survive in the new oxygen-containing atmosphere. This can further be proposes that when a bigger anaerobic cell swallowed a smaller aerobic cell, mitochondria were created.
The mitochondria, which are membrane-bound cell organelles, generate the majority of the chemical energy needed to power a cell's metabolic processes (mitochondrion, singular). Adenosine triphosphate, a tiny molecule, serves as a storage container for the chemical energy generated by the mitochondria (ATP).
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Which of the following can cause a loss in species, a reduction in populations, species extinctions,
and species migrations?
O Abiotic and biotic factors
O Biodiversity
O Ecosystem disruption
O No answer text provided.
Species extinctions, population declines, species movements, and species losses can all be attributed to biodiversity.
The correct answer is B
How essential is biodiversity, and why?All life on planet Earth, including humans, depends on processes made possible by biodiversity. We cannot have the robust ecosystems that we depend on to give us the air we and the food that consume without a diverse variety of animals, plants, and microorganisms. The natural world itself is also valued by people.
How is biodiversity valued?Environment-related issues are where biodiversity has the most impact. The Earth's natural processes are supported by healthy ecosystems. Even without species that support them, operations like soil re-cycling, water purification, pest management, and others couldn't be carried out. These processes could be severely damaged if they are interrupted.
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Which organ is primarily responsible
for eliminating food wastes?
Answer:
Large Intestine
Explanation:
The large intestine is primarily responsible for eliminating food wastes that remain after digestion. This organs collects waste from around the body as well.
Answer:
Liver
Explanation:
It has many associated organs like the salivary glands and liver which expels the waste into the digestive tract. Besides the undigested and unwanted matter in the food is also removed. The liver is a crucial excretory organ of the digestive system.
a researcher is concerned about a chemical in the lake kariba ecosystem that has the potential to biomagnify, much like ddt. due to limited resources, pollutant levels can be tested in only two species. which two species are the best to compare to reveal possible biomagnification between them?
Biomagnification is the accumulation of non-essential chemicals in the oceans in the food chains as it goes upwards. zooplanktons and Eagle
It increases its concentration in the tissues of organisms as it travels up the food chain. As the toxicity increases and so the trophic levels, it also causes some organisms death. can also be defined as the trophic enrichment of contaminants within food webs.
example- when DDT is put into oceans-
DDT is accumulated in the zooplanktons, which is then consumed by small fishes and then large fishes and then by bird eating fishes ( eagle)
the concentration goes like
zooplanktons ( 0.04ppm)
small eating fishes (0.5ppm)
large eating fishes (2ppm)
eagles ( 25ppm) - this high level disturbs birds ca metabolism.
therefore, two species are the best to compare to reveal possible biomagnification between them is zooplanktons and eagle to find out the difference between them in toxic levels.
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what type of mutation in this non-autonomous te (ds) would allow it to move in the presence of an autonomous te (ac)?
Transposase gene mutation in this non-autonomous te (ds) would allow it to move in the presence of an autonomous te (ac).
An alternate inside the ordinary DNA series at a specific gene locus. although the time period often has a bad connotation, mutations (which includes polymorphisms) may be harmful, useful, or neutral in their effect on cell feature.
There are 3 sorts of DNA Mutations: base substitutions, deletions, and insertions. 1. Base Substitutions. single base substitutions are known as factor mutations, taking into account the factor mutation Glu -----> Val which causes the sickle-cell disorder. factor mutations are the maximum common form of mutation and there are sorts.
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48 POINTS!!!
Which statement best describes a physical change?
A) Changes can occur to certain chemical properties of the substance, but the overall shape of the substance will remain the same.
B) Changes can occur to certain physical properties of the substance, but the overall shape of the substance will remain the same.
C)Changes can occur to physical properties of a substance, but the chemical composition of the substance remains the same.
D)Changes can occur to chemical properties of a substance, but the chemical composition of the substance remains the same.
Answer:
Answer choice C. is correct.
Explanation:
Physical change is a change in which there is no change in the chemical arrangement and thus there is no redistribution of atoms. No new substances are formed.
which recombination frequency corresponds to perfect linkage and violates the law of independent assortment?
Zero frequency is corresponds to recombination of perfect linkage and violates the law of independent assortment.
What does a frequency of 0 recombination mean?nicely matched A gene's recombination frequency is zero when it is perfectly connected to another gene. Recombination occurs with a frequency of 0.5 when genes are unlinked, meaning that half of the children are recombinants and the other half are parental types.
What is the process by which genetic recombinants are created?In genetics, recombination is the main process for introducing variation into populations. When maternal and paternal genes are reorganized to generate gametes during meiosis, recombination occurs (sex cells).
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test in which anticoagulant is added to a venous blood sample and the distance cells fall in the test tube over time is determined: a.erythrocyte sedimentation rate b.coagulation time c.hematocrit d.wbc differential e.red blood cell morphology
Test in which anticoagulant is added to a venous blood sample and the distance cells fall in the test tube over time is determined hematocrit.
To determine if you have a blood clotting condition, a D-dimer test is utilised. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a blood clot that forms deep within a vein, is one of these illnesses. Though they can occur anywhere on the body, these clots typically affect the lower legs.
What about hematocrit?Anemia is defined as a hematocrit level below the normal range, indicating that the individual has insufficient red blood cells. An elevated hematocrit level, or an excess of red blood cells, can point to polycythemia or erythrocytosis. A hematocrit that is greater than usual can reveal: Dehydration.a condition that causes your body to overproduce red blood cells, like polycythemia vera. Heart or lung disease The results of your hematocrit test are given as a numerical value. This represents the proportion of red blood cells in your blood. If your hematocrit test result is 42, for instance, this suggests that 42% of your blood is made up of red blood cells, with the remaining blood being made up of white blood cells, platelets, and blood plasma. The hematocrit calculates the volume of red blood cells in relation to the volume of all the blood (red blood cells and plasma). Men's normal hematocrit ranges from 40 to 54%, whereas women's ranges from 36 to 48%. The amount of red blood cells in a person's blood is measured by their hematocrit. Anemia is one disorder that is indicated by low red blood cell counts. Although cancer is more frequently associated with low haemoglobin levels, some malignancies can actually increase haemoglobin levels.This includes a rare kind of blood cancer called polycythemia vera, liver cancer.Learn more hematocrit about here:
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Choose the words that complete the sentence correctly.
Gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes may form as a result of
Choose...
during the process of
Choose...
.
Gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes may form as a result of nondisjunction during the process of meiosis.
What is meiosis?Meiosis is a cell division process by which organisms having a sexual mode or reproduction generate gametes that fuse during the process of fertilization, which involves chromosome separation.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that meiosis is associated with chromosome separation to generate haploid cells, thereby non-disjunction generates unbalanced gametes.
Complete question:
Gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes may form as a result of ... frameshift mutations crossing over point mutations nondisjunction during the process of ... meiosis translation transcription mitosis
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