Overall, kaitiakitanga promotes the recognition and inclusion of Māori guardianship and indigenous knowledge in the governance and stewardship of New Zealand's natural environment.
Under section 7 of the Resource Management Act, all persons carrying out functions under the Act are required to give particular regard to kaitiakitanga. According to the interpretation section of the Act, kaitiakitanga is defined as "the exercise of guardianship by the tangata whenua of an area in accordance with tikanga Māori in relation to natural and physical resources."
This definition highlights the importance of Māori traditional principles and practices in the management and protection of natural resources. Kaitiakitanga recognizes the inherent responsibility of the tangata whenua, the indigenous people of New Zealand, to care for and protect the environment based on their cultural values and customs.
By incorporating kaitiakitanga into the Resource Management Act, the legislation acknowledges the significance of Māori perspectives and the need to involve Māori in decision-making processes related to resource management.
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Suspect A (A), suspect B. (B), and a police officer (P) interact in the following way. A has just robbed a store and is fleeing. He has a choice of two routes to take to try to escape: X and Y. Route Y goes by a club that plays louds music that A does not like so it entails a cost of 20 to him. The music is not payoff relevant for the other two players. P would like to catch A. B would also like to catch A to settle a score from their previous criminal dealings. Being caught by either P or B yields an immediate payoff of -100 to A. If A is not caught (by either P or B), his payoff is 0. The three players simultaneously and independently choose between routes X and Y. Assume that if either A or B (or both) chooses the same route as P, P catches that suspect (or both). If A and B select the same route and P selects a different route, B catches A. If P catches A, P's payoff is 150. P cares only about catching A. So if P catches both A and B, P's payoff is also 150. If P catches only B, P's payoff is O. If P catches no one, P's payoff is 0. If B catches A, B's payoff is 110. If B is caught by P (regardless of whether A is also caught by P), B's payoff is -110. If B does not catch A and B is not caught by P, B's payoff is 0. Describe a Nash equilibrium of this game. Please show any calculations used.
One of the Nash equilibrium of the given game is when A chooses Route X and B chooses Route Y. This happens because B would like to settle a score with A and thus, will choose Route Y. But, A does not want to pay the cost of 20 by going on Route Y, hence he would choose Route X, which ensures him a payoff of 0. This results in B being caught by P, thus yielding a payoff of -110 for B, and a payoff of 150 for P. This is the Nash equilibrium of the game.
To begin with, the concept of Nash Equilibrium can be explained as the point where no player has an incentive to deviate from their current strategy, given what others are doing. In the given game, the three players are suspect A, suspect B, and a police officer (P). A has just robbed a store and is fleeing. He has a choice of two routes to take to try to escape: X and Y. Route Y goes by a club that plays loud music that A does not like so it entails a cost of 20 to him. The music is not payoff relevant for the other two players. P would like to catch A. B would also like to catch A to settle a score from their previous criminal dealings. Being caught by either P or B yields an immediate payoff of -100 to A. If A is not caught (by either P or B), his payoff is 0.
In this game, the three players simultaneously and independently choose between routes X and Y.
The solution to the given game is as follows:
For P:
If P catches A, P's payoff is 150.
If P catches both A and B, P's payoff is 150.
If P catches only B, P's payoff is O.
If P catches no one, P's payoff is 0.
For B:
If B catches A, B's payoff is 110.
If B is caught by P (regardless of whether A is also caught by P), B's payoff is -110.
If B does not catch A and B is not caught by P, B's payoff is 0.
For A:
If A is caught by either P or B, his payoff is -100.
If A is not caught by anyone, his payoff is 0.
Now, to find the Nash Equilibrium, we have to consider all the possible strategies that can be adopted by the players and the payoff they would receive. When A chooses Route Y, he will be caught by P. Therefore, he would choose Route X, as this ensures him a payoff of 0. Now, when B chooses Route X, he will be caught by P as P chooses Route X. So, he will choose Route Y, as this gives him a chance to settle a score with A. Now, this results in B being caught by P, thus yielding a payoff of -110 for B, and a payoff of 150 for P. Hence, this is the Nash equilibrium of the game.
Therefore, one of the Nash equilibrium of the given game is when A chooses Route X and B chooses Route Y. This happens because B would like to settle a score with A and thus, will choose Route Y. But, A does not want to pay the cost of 20 by going on Route Y, hence he would choose Route X, which ensures him a payoff of 0. This results in B being caught by P, thus yielding a payoff of -110 for B, and a payoff of 150 for P. This is the Nash equilibrium of the game.
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Under which assumption we have similar predictions to perfect competition model? 1. Bertrand duopoly model with a limit capacity 2. A firm using first-degree price discrimination 3. Stackelberg duopoly model 4.A firm using third-degree price discrimination
The correct answer is: A firm using first-degree price discrimination. A firm using first-degree price discrimination is the correct assumption to have similar predictions to perfect competition model.
What is perfect competition?Perfect competition is a market model in which no individual or firm has market power. The model is theoretical, implying that there are several buyers and sellers in the market, and no single participant has a significant impact on the market's price.
A firm that uses first-degree price discrimination is one that charges each consumer the highest price that they would be willing to pay. This implies that a firm can extract the maximum amount of consumer surplus from all of its customers.
How does the first-degree price discrimination model work?A firm charges different prices for the same commodity to different buyers under first-degree price discrimination. The firm obtains the whole consumer surplus. Perfect competition assumes that any surplus is spread equally among customers.
A firm with market power can maximize its profits by lowering its prices if it can increase its sales volume. A price that is lower than the consumer's maximum willingness to pay can be provided to the consumer by the first-degree price discrimination model. Therefore, the first-degree price discrimination model is the correct assumption to have similar predictions to the perfect competition model.
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discuss the adequacy of plans and decision-making to enhance success.
The adequacy of plans and decision-making plays a crucial role in enhancing success for individuals, organizations, and projects.
Adequate planning is essential for success as it provides a roadmap for achieving goals. It involves setting clear objectives, identifying necessary resources, and establishing timelines and milestones. Through planning, individuals and organizations can align their efforts, allocate resources effectively, and anticipate potential challenges. Adequate planning also allows for adjustments and contingencies to be incorporated, enhancing the ability to respond to unforeseen circumstances.
Effective decision-making is equally important for success. Decision-making involves analyzing available information, considering alternatives, evaluating potential outcomes, and selecting the most suitable option. Sound decision-making requires critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and the ability to weigh pros and cons. Making informed decisions enhances the likelihood of achieving desired outcomes and minimizing negative consequences.
Together, adequate planning and effective decision-making create a strong foundation for success. They provide a systematic approach to goal attainment, help manage risks, and optimize resource utilization. Regular evaluation and adjustment of plans and decisions contribute to ongoing improvement and adaptability, ensuring continued success in dynamic environments.
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The emergency room at a hospital estimates the following requirements for registered nurses for the late night shift each week. Nurses work five consecutive days, then have off two days.
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
4 5 5 4 3 5 4
Perform cyclical scheduling on the data. How many full time and part time nurses are required? (NOT in excel solver.)
please provide table of cyclical scheduling
please don't paste here the solution which is already on chegg.
Certainly! Here's the table for cyclical scheduling based on the given requirements for registered nurses for the late night shift each week:
| | Sunday | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday|
|-------------|---------|--------|---------|-----------|------------|-----------|-----------|
| Week 1 | Full | Full | Full | Full | Part | Part | Part |
| Week 2 | Part | Full | Full | Full | Full | Part | Part |
| Week 3 | Part | Part | Full | Full | Full | Full | Part |
| Week 4 | Part | Part | Part | Full | Full | Full | Full |
| Week 5 | Full | Part | Part | Part | Full | Full | Full |
In the table, "Full" indicates the requirement for a full-time nurse, and "Part" indicates the requirement for a part-time nurse. Each row represents a week, and each column represents a day of the week.
To determine the number of full-time and part-time nurses required, you would count the number of "Full" entries and the number of "Part" entries in the table, respectively, and sum them up for each week.
Please note that the specific number of full-time and part-time nurses required will depend on the hospital's policies and staffing needs. This table provides an example of cyclical scheduling based on the given requirements.
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A firm is following level production strategy at minimum level of 45 units per day and cover the remainder by subcontracting. Over the next twelve months (its Intermediate period), the firm estimated its demand to be 13500 units. If the cost of subcontracting is 7815 per unit and the firm has 250 production days per year, what is the total cost of subcontracting $3750 $202500 $11500 $30000
The total cost of subcontracting is $17,585,250.The firm is implementing a level production strategy with a minimum production level of 45 units per day. Any additional demand beyond this level is subcontracted.
Over the next twelve months, the firm estimates a total demand of 13,500 units.
The cost of subcontracting is given as $7,815 per unit, and the firm has 250 production days per year. We need to calculate the total cost of subcontracting.
To calculate the total cost of subcontracting, we need to determine the number of units that will be subcontracted and then multiply it by the cost per unit.
The firm's production strategy maintains a minimum level of 45 units per day. Therefore, the total production for the year would be 45 units per day multiplied by 250 production days, resulting in 11,250 units produced internally.
To fulfill the remaining demand of 13,500 units, we subtract the internally produced units from the total demand: 13,500 - 11,250 = 2,250 units that need to be subcontracted.
Now, we can calculate the total cost of subcontracting by multiplying the number of subcontracted units by the cost per unit: 2,250 units * $7,815 per unit = $17,585,250.
Therefore, the total cost of subcontracting is $17,585,250.
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In the liquidation of a partnership, the amount of money to be allocated at the very last step... Choose the correct option: A)to the partners on the basis of their capital balances. B)to the partners on the basis of their income-sharing ratio. C)only after all creditors have been paid. D)all goes to creditors
In the liquidation of a partnership, the amount of money to be allocated at the very last step to the partners is on the basis of their capital balances. Therefore the correct option is A) To the partners on the basis of their capital balances.
Liquidation refers to the process of selling a company or partnership firm's assets to repay its debts. When a partnership dissolves, the assets are converted to cash, and the liabilities are settled with the proceeds. After all the debts have been paid off, the remaining money is distributed among the partners. The distribution is made in accordance with the partners' capital balances.
During the partnership's existence, each partner contributes capital to the business. The capital account balance reflects the amount of money that a partner has invested. In the liquidation process, the partners' capital account balances are used to determine the proportionate share of the remaining funds each partner will receive.
Therefore, the amount of money allocated to the partners at the very last step of the liquidation is based on their capital balances. Partners with higher capital balances will receive a larger share of the remaining funds, while partners with lower capital balances will receive a smaller share.
In the liquidation process of a partnership, the partners' capital balances play a crucial role in determining the distribution of the remaining funds. The partners receive a portion of the funds based on their capital contributions, with partners having higher capital balances receiving a larger share. By allocating the money according to the partners' capital balances, the liquidation process ensures a fair distribution of the partnership's remaining assets among the partners.
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Green Valley Ltd currently has the following capital structure: Debt: $2,500,000 paying 8.5% coupon bonds outstanding with an annual before-tax yield to maturity of 8% on a new issue. The bonds currently sell for $105 per $100 face value. Ordinary shares: 80,000 shares outstanding currently selling for $65 per share. The firm just paid a $7.50 dividend per share this year. The share has 3% growth rate in dividends, which it expects to continue indefinitely. The firm's marginal tax rate is 30%. Required:
a) Calculate the current total market value of the firm.
ANSWER a):
b) Calculate the capital structure and weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the firm.
ANSWER b):
The answer for part A. is the current total market value of the firm is $7,825,000.
How to find?Calculation of current total market value of the firm Calculation of market value of debt (Md):Market value of debt is calculated as follows:
Market value of debt = Number of bonds × Bond price × Face value= $2,500,000 × (105/100) = $2,625,000 Calculation of market value of equity (Me):Market value of equity is calculated as follows: Market value of equity = Number of shares × Share price= 80,000 × $65= $5,200,000 .
Calculation of total market value of the firm (V):Total market value of the firm is the sum of market value of debt and market value of equity.
V = Md + Me = $2,625,000 + $5,200,000 = $7,825,000.
Therefore, the current total market value of the firm is $7,825,000.
b) Calculation of capital structure and weighted average cost of capital (WACC):The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the weighted average of the cost of equity and the after-tax cost of debt. Therefore, we must calculate the cost of equity and the after-tax cost of debt before calculating the WACC.
Calculation of cost of debt (kd):Cost of debt is the pre-tax yield to maturity on the company’s existing debt, which is 8% and the company's marginal tax rate is 30%. Therefore, the after-tax cost of debt is calculated as follows: kd = (Pre-tax yield to maturity) × (1 – Marginal tax rate)= 8% × (1 – 30%)= 5.60% Calculation of cost of equity (ke):
The cost of equity can be calculated using the dividend discount model. Dividend discount model is calculated as follows: ke = (Dividend per share / Market value per share) + Growth rate of dividends= [$7.50 × (1 + 3%)] / $65 + 3%= 12.38% Calculation of capital structure: The capital structure weights are calculated as follows: Debt weight = Market value of debt / Total market value of the firm= $2,625,000 / $7,825,000= 33.48% .
Equity weight = Market value of equity / Total market value of the firm= $5,200,000 / $7,825,000= 66.52% Calculation of WACC:WACC is calculated using the following formula: WACC = (Weight of debt) × (Cost of debt) × (1 – Tax rate) + (Weight of equity) × (Cost of equity)= (0.3348) × (5.60%) × (1 – 30%) + (0.6652) × (12.38%)= 8.09%
Therefore, the capital structure is 33.48% debt and 66.52% equity, and the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 8.09%.
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From the following information, prepare Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss showing increase, decrease and percentage:
Particulars 31st March, 2019
31st March, 2018
Cost of Materials Consumed ₹ 13,44,000
₹ 6,00,000
Revenue from Operations (% of Materials Consumed) 125%
200%
Other Expenses (% of Operating Revenue) 10% 10%
Tax Rate 50%
The cost of materials consumed increased by 124%, while revenue from operations decreased by 75% in the comparative statement of profit and loss.
Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss:
Particulars 31st March, 2019 31st March, 2018 Increase/Decrease Percentage Change
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost of Materials Consumed ₹ 13,44,000 ₹ 6,00,000 ₹ 7,44,000 124%
Revenue from Operations 125% of Materials 200% of Materials Decreased by 75% -37.5%
Consumed Consumed
Other Expenses 10% of Operating 10% of Operating No Change 0%
Revenue Revenue
Tax 50% 50% No Change 0%
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the comparative statement of profit and loss for the years ending 31st March 2019 and 31st March 2018, several key changes can be observed.
Firstly, the cost of materials consumed increased significantly from ₹ 6,00,000 in 2018 to ₹ 13,44,000 in 2019, indicating a substantial rise of ₹ 7,44,000 or 124%. This increase could be due to various factors such as inflation, changes in procurement prices, or higher production volumes.
On the revenue side, there was a significant decrease in revenue from operations, which was 125% of the materials consumed in 2019 compared to 200% in 2018. This indicates a decrease of 75% in revenue. The decline in revenue could be attributed to factors like a decrease in sales volume, lower selling prices, or changes in the market dynamics.
Other expenses remained constant at 10% of the operating revenue in both years, indicating no significant change. Similarly, the tax rate remained unchanged at 50%.
Overall, the comparative statement highlights the major changes in the company's cost of materials consumed and revenue from operations. The significant increase in material costs suggests the need for careful cost management and procurement strategies. The decline in revenue indicates the importance of analyzing the factors impacting sales and implementing appropriate strategies to improve performance. The stability of other expenses and tax rates provides some stability in the company's cost structure.
It is essential for the company to further investigate the causes behind these changes and take appropriate measures to optimize costs, enhance revenue generation, and ensure sustainable profitability in the future.
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Traditional Case 10: Phoenix Organic: Valuing Sustainability While Desiring Growth
1. In the years since the case study, do the goals and needs of the company need to change in order to fit the modern environment? If so, how? If not, why not?
The goals and needs of the company must evolve in order to meet the changing demands of the modern environment.
In the years since Phoenix Organic was studied, there have been significant changes in consumer preferences towards sustainable and eco-friendly products.
Phoenix Organic must continue to focus on environmental sustainability and social responsibility, but also needs to center its efforts on innovation and product development to maintain its competitive edge. The company needs to invest in research and development to create new products that appeal to environmentally conscious consumers, including sustainable packaging and plant-based alternatives. Additionally, Phoenix needs to expand its marketing and distribution to reach a wider audience and keep up with the competition in the organic beverage industry.
Overall, it is essential that Phoenix Organic adapts to the modern environment by developing new products that satisfy changing customer preferences and invests in strategic marketing and distribution channels to stay competitive. While its commitment to sustainability will remain, the company must also strive to drive growth and innovation in a rapidly changing industry.
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Is the following statement true or false? Explain in 100 - 200 words.
Engagement platforms are means of co-creation.
The given statement, "Engagement platforms are means of co-creation" is true.
The engagement platforms are the platforms that have been used to allow people to share their ideas, views, and opinions and to participate in decision-making. They are a means of co-creation because they allow people to participate and collaborate in decision-making.
Engagement platforms have various features that help in co-creation. They include features such as discussion forums, surveys, blogs, chat rooms, and online voting systems. These features make it possible for people to share their thoughts and opinions, discuss ideas, and collaborate on decision-making. In addition, these platforms are designed in a way that makes them user-friendly and easy to use. This makes it possible for people of all ages and backgrounds to participate in decision-making and co-creation. The engagement platforms have been used in various fields such as business, government, education, and healthcare.
For example, businesses use these platforms to get feedback from their customers, to create new products, and to make decisions. Similarly, governments use these platforms to get feedback from citizens, to make decisions, and to create policies. In the field of education, these platforms are used to create online courses, to collaborate on research, and to create new teaching methods. In healthcare, these platforms are used to gather information about patients, to create treatment plans, and to make decisions.In conclusion, engagement platforms are means of co-creation as they provide a platform for people to share their ideas, thoughts, and opinions, and to participate in decision-making. They have various features that make them user-friendly and easy to use, making it possible for people of all ages and backgrounds to participate in decision-making and co-creation.
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The following information is taken from a company financial statements:
Net income $24,000
Depreciation expense $7,000
Increase in accounts receivable $13,000
Decrease in accounts payable $15,000
Issuance of common stock $40,000
Payment of cash dividends $3,000
Purchase of equipment $30,000
Using the information above, what is net cash flows from investing activities?
A. ($37,000)
B. $30,000
C. ($30,000)
D. ($33,000) .
The company financial statements provided above, net cash flows from investing activities is ($30,000).Explanation:Net cash flows from investing activities is one of the three primary categories found in the cash flow statement.
It reflects the amount of cash inflows and outflows associated with the acquisition or sale of long-term assets. Long-term assets that are acquired or disposed of in this context may include property, plant, and equipment; intangible assets; or other non-current assets. As per the information provided above, purchase of equipment is the investing activity that has taken place, which was ($30,000) (cash outflow). Therefore, the answer is ($30,000).
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Explain the meaning of positive and negative externality. Discuss how the government can solve the problem created by a positive externality. Fully explain your answer.
the government can solve the problem created by a positive externality through subsidies, education, and awareness campaigns. The government can also solve the problem created by a negative externality through taxes and regulation.
An externality is defined as a positive or negative side effect that is produced as a result of an economic activity that has an impact on an unrelated third party. Positive externality is a situation whereby a third party benefits from the actions of an economic activity which they did not participate in. Examples of positive externalities include a beautiful flower garden that can be seen and enjoyed by passersby. Negative externality is a situation whereby a third party is harmed by the actions of an economic activity which they did not participate in. Examples of negative externalities include air pollution that can result from the emission of toxic fumes from factories.
The government has the power to solve the problem created by positive externalities through various ways. One of the ways is through subsidies. The government can offer subsidies to the firms producing goods that result in positive externalities. For instance, the government can offer subsidies to firms that produce eco-friendly products. This will enable such firms to produce more goods, which will benefit the third party. Also, the government can promote education and awareness campaigns. This will enable people to learn about the benefits of positive externalities, which will encourage them to take part in economic activities that produce positive externalities.
Furthermore, the government can impose taxes on goods that have negative externalities. For instance, the government can impose taxes on firms that produce toxic fumes. This will discourage firms from producing such goods, which will benefit the third party. Additionally, the government can regulate firms that produce goods that have negative externalities. This will ensure that such firms adhere to regulations that aim to reduce the negative effects of their products.
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In a job order cost accounting system, which account would be debited when Indirect labour were incurred? Manufacturing overhead control O Materials control Work in process control O Finished goods control
In a job order cost accounting system, the account that would be debited when indirect labor were incurred is the A) Manufacturing overhead control.
Indirect labor costs are those that are not related to the production of the product. This implies that indirect labor costs are associated with non-production activities, such as accounting, cleaning, and maintenance, among others. In contrast, direct labor is linked to the manufacturing of goods or services.In a job order costing system, manufacturing overhead is allocated to each job by including the overhead incurred in producing the item in the job cost sheet.
The manufacturing overhead is initially debited to the Manufacturing Overhead account. The predetermined overhead rate is used to calculate the overhead allocated to the job. Then, the Work in Process account is debited for the allocated overhead and credited for the manufacturing overhead control's allocated overhead.
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The preferred stock of General Motors pays an annual dividend of $0.8 forever. The appropriate discount rate is 8% per year.
Part 1 What is the present value of all dividends?
The present value of a perpetuity is the present value of all dividends from the preferred stock is $10.
To calculate the present value of the perpetual dividends from the preferred stock of General Motors, we can use the formula for the present value of a perpetuity:
PV = Dividend / Discount Rate
Where:
PV = Present value
Dividend = Annual dividend payment ($0.8)
Discount Rate = Discount rate per period (8% per year)
To calculate the present value of the dividends, we can use the formula for the present value of a perpetuity: PV = D / r, where PV is the present value, D is the annual dividend, and r is the discount rate. In this case, the annual dividend is $0.8 and the discount rate is 8% (or 0.08 as a decimal). Plugging these values into the formula, we get PV = 0.8 / 0.08 = $10.
The present value of all dividends represents the current worth of the future dividend payments, taking into account the discount rate. This value reflects the total value an investor would assign to the stream of perpetual dividends from the General Motors preferred stock.
Plugging in the values:
PV = 0.8 / 0.08 = $10
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Why do you think this managerial accounting dedicates so much time to allocating costs appropriately and not nearly as much towards revenue recognition or trying to allocate revenue to different products or processes?
Managerial accounting dedicates so much time to allocating costs appropriately and not nearly as much towards revenue recognition or trying to allocate revenue to different products or processes because the former is more critical in helping managers in decision making and cost control.
Proper allocation of costs is crucial in determining the profitability of a product or service since it helps in determining the cost of production.
Managers need to know how much it costs to produce a product or provide a service, and cost allocation helps them to achieve this. This is important because managers need to determine which product or service generates profits and which one generates losses so that they can take appropriate actions.
A company that does not accurately allocate costs may underprice products that are costly to produce and overprice products that are less expensive to produce which can lead to losses.
Additionally, allocating costs accurately helps in pricing strategies and ensures that prices are based on production costs. On the other hand, revenue recognition and allocation are important but less critical since they do not provide direct information for cost management and decision-making.
Revenue allocation and recognition are more important for financial accounting and external financial reporting. In conclusion, the allocation of costs is critical for internal decision-making and cost control, whereas revenue allocation is crucial for financial reporting and compliance.
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Which of the following is NOT a common mistake made in putting together a new-venture team?
Question content area bottom
Part 1
A.
Hiring top managers without sharing ownership in the firm.
B.
Placing qualified friends or family members in management positions.
C.
Assuming that previous success in other industries automatically translates to your industry.
D.
Not disclosing or talking dismissively of management team skill or competency gaps.
E.
Presenting a "one-person team" philosophy.
The correct option is E. Presenting a "one-person team" philosophy.
A new venture is a new business enterprise initiated by an entrepreneur to introduce a new product or service or develop an existing one. A team is made up of the founding entrepreneurs and the team they recruit, and its composition varies based on the enterprise's goals. They have a variety of skill sets and backgrounds.
The following are some common mistakes made in putting together a new-venture team:
1. Assuming that previous success in other industries automatically translates to your industry.
2. Not disclosing or talking dismissively of management team skill or competency gaps.
3. Placing qualified friends or family members in management positions.
4. Hiring top managers without sharing ownership in the firm.However, presenting a "one-person team" philosophy is not a common mistake made in putting together a new-venture team. A single person cannot handle all of the tasks and responsibilities of a new business venture. This is a mistake that most entrepreneurs make, believing that they are capable of starting and running a company on their own. The new venture team's success is critical for the success of the company.
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29.
ABC Corporation issues a $100, 20-year bond paying the market rate
of 10%. Coupons are semiannual. The bond will sell for par since it
pays the market rate, but flotation costs amount to $5 per bo
The question given is about the issuance of a $100 bond by ABC Corporation that will mature in 20 years and pays a semi-annual market rate of 10%.
Also, given is the flotation cost of $5 per bond.
Thus, the coupon rate can be calculated as shown below:
Calculation of Coupon rate
Coupon rate = (Semi-annual interest payment / Par value of bond) * 100
Semi-annual interest payment is calculated as follows:
Semi-annual interest payment = (Par value of bond * Market rate) / 2
Semi-annual interest payment = (100 * 10%) / 2
Semi-annual interest payment = $5
Coupon rate = ($5 / $100) * 100% = 5%
Thus, the coupon rate on the bond is 5%.
Now, we can calculate the after-tax cost of debt. The formula for after-tax cost of debt is as follows:
After-tax cost of debt = Before-tax cost of debt * (1 - Tax rate)
Before-tax cost of debt = Coupon rate = 5%
Tax rate is not given in the question.
Therefore, it is assumed to be 30%.
After-tax cost of debt = 5% * (1 - 30%) = 3.5%
Therefore, the conclusion is: ABC Corporation's after-tax cost of debt for the bond issuance is 3.5%.
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international marketing what are the higest major politucal risk in italy and what should we do
operating risk
transfer risk
ownership risk
In international marketing, Italy poses several major political risks, including operating risk, transfer risk, and ownership risk. To mitigate these risks, it is essential to understand the political landscape, establish strong relationships with local authorities, and adopt appropriate risk management strategies.
Italy, like any other country, presents political risks that can impact international marketing efforts. One major political risk is operating risk, which refers to challenges related to the political and regulatory environment. This can include changes in government policies, regulations, or laws that may affect business operations. To mitigate operating risks in Italy, companies should thoroughly research and understand the local political landscape, engage in active government relations, and establish strong relationships with local authorities. This proactive approach allows businesses to adapt quickly to any changes and navigate regulatory complexities.
Transfer risk is another significant political risk in Italy. It relates to the restrictions or difficulties in transferring funds, profits, or dividends out of the country due to currency controls, capital flight regulations, or economic instability. To mitigate transfer risks, companies should have a robust financial management strategy in place, including hedging currency exposures, diversifying banking relationships, and staying informed about changes in financial regulations.
Ownership risk is also a consideration in international marketing in Italy. It refers to the potential for the government to nationalize or expropriate foreign-owned assets. While the risk of outright nationalization is relatively low in Italy, businesses should still evaluate the legal framework and political stability. Establishing partnerships or joint ventures with local entities can help mitigate ownership risks by demonstrating a commitment to the local economy and building strong relationships with influential stakeholders.
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How are wages determined in the U.S.? What are the most significant trends in wages over the past five years?
Key points:
Determinants of the demand for labor at the firm and market levels
What causes the demand curve to shift
Consequences for the wage rate
The effect of minimum wage legislation on market equilibrium
Effect on demand and wage rate of outsourcing jobs
Role of unions in wage determination – direct and indirect
The wage determination process in the United States is influenced by a variety of factors, including demand and supply of labor, productivity, technological changes, minimum wage rates, and unionization.
Wages in the United States (U.S.) are decided by the demand and supply of labor in the market. The firm's and market level's demand for labor are two factors that determine wages. The amount of labor demanded at a specific price is the demand for labor.The demand curve for labor shows how many workers a firm would want to hire at different wages. As the wage rate rises, the demand for labor falls, and as the wage rate decreases, the demand for labor increases. This means that if a firm wants to hire more workers, it would have to increase its wage rate. In contrast, if a firm wants to employ fewer employees, it would have to reduce its wage rate. As a result, the demand curve for labor is negatively inclined. Changes in the demand for labor can be caused by changes in productivity, price of output, or technology and equipment improvements.Minimum wage legislation has a significant impact on market equilibrium by affecting the supply and demand of labor. An increase in the minimum wage rate raises the supply of labor by attracting more workers to work in that industry. An increase in labor supply, on the other hand, leads to a decline in labor demand. As a result, the increase in the minimum wage rate would lead to a decrease in the demand for labor and an increase in the supply of labor.The past five years have seen several significant trends in wage growth in the United States. Wages have grown at a slow rate, with an average growth rate of around 2% per year. The primary cause of this slow growth is the slow growth in productivity and the increasing use of technology. The second trend is the increasing demand for workers in the healthcare, social assistance, and B. There is also an increase in the number of part-time and gig economy jobs, which offer lower wages and benefits. Lastly, there has been a significant increase in the minimum wage rate in some states and cities, resulting in a rise in the wages of low-wage workers.Overall, the wage determination process in the United States is influenced by a variety of factors, including demand and supply of labor, productivity, technological changes, minimum wage rates, and unionization.
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In a small town in Kansas, the owner of the town's only gas station claims that he will sell the same quantity of gas no matter how high or low the price. If his assertion is correct, the demand curve for gas at his station must be _____, and the price elasticity is _____.
a. horizontal; infinite
b. vertical; infinite
c. horizontal; zero
d. vertical; zero
In a small town in Kansas, the owner of the town's only gas station claims that he will sell the same quantity of gas no matter how high or low the price. If his assertion is correct, the demand curve for gas at his station must be horizontal and the price elasticity is zero, hence the correct option is C.
A demand curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between the price of a good or service and the quantity demanded for a specified period. The demand curve is downward sloping; that is, as the price of a good increases, the quantity demanded decreases.
Price elasticity of demand refers to the relationship between a change in the price of a good and the resulting change in demand. A good is considered elastic when demand for it varies in response to changes in its price. Inelasticity occurs when demand for a good or service is relatively unresponsive to changes in price.In a small town in Kansas, the owner of the town's only gas station claims that he will sell the same quantity of gas no matter how high or low the price. If his assertion is correct, the demand curve for gas at his station must be horizontal; and the price elasticity is zero. This is because the price of gas has no impact on the quantity of gas that is being sold, meaning the demand is not sensitive to the changes in price. A horizontal demand curve means that the quantity demanded of the good is the same at all prices, regardless of the price level.
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Assume that our office needs new equipment such as copy machines, scanners, tablet computers, smartphones, or an all- in one printer. Do the research necessary to write a convincing internal proposal for me: Dr. Al Santillanes, Vice President. Since you feel that I will be receptive to your request, you can use the direct approach. Please remember that the assignment represents the writing culmination for this online course and is worth the greatest points value!
Also, make sure to properly research your recommendation by comparing, evaluating and providing research sources (cited appropriately in your sources section) for your recommendation.
While you are required to recommend a piece of office equipment. I would like you to compare three different brands of similar office equipment! For example, if you were recommending a new office printer you need to compare three different brands (say Canon, HP (Hewlett Packard), and Brother) with similar features and with factors such as cost, connectivity, color vs.
As Vice President, Dr. Al Santillanes is seeking a convincing internal proposal for new office equipment such as copy machines, scanners, tablet computers, smartphones, or an all-in-one printer.
The proposal should utilize the direct approach since Dr. Santillanes is receptive to the request. The assignment requires comparing and evaluating three different brands of similar office equipment, considering factors such as cost, connectivity, and color options. Proper research and citation of sources are essential for the recommendation. To craft a convincing internal proposal for Dr. Al Santillanes, the Vice President, we will conduct thorough research and compare three different brands of office equipment with similar features. We will evaluate factors such as cost, connectivity options, and color capabilities to provide a comprehensive analysis.
Our research will involve gathering information from reputable sources such as industry reports, consumer reviews, and manufacturer websites. We will compare the brands based on their pricing structures, considering factors like initial cost, maintenance expenses, and long-term value for money. We will also assess the connectivity options offered by each brand, including compatibility with existing office systems and wireless capabilities for seamless integration. Additionally, we will examine the color capabilities of the equipment, taking into account the specific requirements of the office environment.
The analysis will include a comparison of the three brands, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses based on the identified factors. We will provide specific examples and data to support our recommendations. Proper citation of research sources will be crucial to ensure the credibility of the proposal. By presenting a well-researched and comprehensive internal proposal, we aim to provide Dr. Santillanes with the necessary information to make an informed decision regarding the selection of new office equipment.
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A prospective buyer offers a licensee the title to his speedboat as an earnest deposit on a property. Knowing the value of the speedboat, may the licensee accept the title as an earnest deposit? OA. No, an earnest deposit must be a personal or cashier's check only. B. Yes, if the property owner gives written consent. OC. Yes, if the licensee is certain of the value of the boat. OD. No, personal property is not allowed as an earnest deposit.
The prospective buyer offering the title to his speedboat as an earnest deposit on a property raises the question of whether the licensee can accept it. The correct answer is D.
No, personal property is not allowed as an earnest deposit. Earnest deposits are typically required to be in the form of a personal or cashier's check, and personal property such as a speedboat cannot be accepted as a substitute.
In real estate transactions, an earnest deposit serves as a show of good faith from the buyer to the seller. It is usually a monetary amount that demonstrates the buyer's commitment to purchasing the property.
While the value of the speedboat may be known, it cannot be accepted as an earnest deposit because personal property is not allowed in this context. The most commonly accepted forms of earnest deposits are personal or cashier's checks, as they provide a reliable and easily verifiable means of payment.
Accepting personal property as an earnest deposit may complicate the transaction and create difficulties in assessing its value or selling it if the deal falls through. Therefore, the licensee should not accept the title to the speedboat as an earnest deposit.
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ClamShell Security (CSS) is a division of a large, listed company, X3Cate Limited (X3L). The CSS Division produces software products to protect customer’s computers from infection from computer viruses and other malware. The sales of its products have been growing over the last few years as its products become more accepted in the market. The Board of X3L want to introduce a new product line that would specifically protect against Ransomware, a new security threat, particularly business customers. Each Divisional Manager can earn large bonuses on top of their base salaries if they maintain Return on Investment greater than 25% otherwise the bonus payments are halved.
The following information is for the year that has just ended related to the CSS Division performance:
Profit percentage (Return on Sales): 30%
Sales revenue: $15 000 000
Average capital invested $18 000 000
7.
Required:
Calculate the Return on Investment (ROI) achieved by the CSS Division over the past year? (3 marks)
To calculate the Return on Investment (ROI) achieved by the CSS Division, we need to divide the division's profit by its average capital invested.
Profit percentage (Return on Sales): 30%
Sales revenue: $15,000,000
Average capital invested: $18,000,000
To find the profit, we multiply the profit percentage by the sales revenue:
Profit = 30% x $15,000,000 = $4,500,000
Return on Investment (ROI) = Profit / Average capital invested
ROI = $4,500,000 / $18,000,000 = 0.25 or 25%
The ROI achieved by the CSS Division over the past year is 25%. Since the ROI is equal to the threshold of 25% required by the Board to earn full bonuses, the Divisional Manager would be eligible for the full bonus payment.
This indicates that the division has effectively utilized its capital to generate a profit, meeting the performance expectation set by the Board. The ROI reflects the division's ability to generate returns from the investment made in the business, demonstrating its profitability and efficiency.
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the following information is taken from the production budget for the first quarter: beginning finished goods units 1,200 expected sales units 426,000 capacity in units of production facility 472,000 how many units of finished goods should be produced during the quarter if the company desires 3,200 finished goods units available to start the next quarter? question 37 options: 424,000 429,200 474,000 428,000
The company should produce 428,000 finished goods units during the quarter.
The amount of finished goods that the company should produce during the quarter if the company desires 3,200 finished goods units available to start the next quarter is 429,200 finished goods units. Here's how to solve it.The units of finished goods to be produced during the quarter can be found by:Projected Sales + Desired Ending Inventory - Beginning Inventory = Production UnitsProjected Sales = 426,000Desired Ending Inventory = 3,200Beginning Inventory = 1,200Substituting in the values gives:426,000 + 3,200 - 1,200 = Production Units428,000 = Production UnitsTherefore, the company should produce 428,000 finished goods units during the quarter.
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Cash Assets Notes Receivable Dec 31, 2021 Supplies & Inventory $351,000 72,000 Prepaid expense 81,000 Long-term investments 31,500 Machines and tools 0 166,500 Accumulated depreciation-equipment Total Assets (63.000) $639,000 Liabilities & Stockholders' Equity Accounts payable $ 76,500 166,500 Bonds payable (long-term) 180,000 Common Stock 216.000 Retained Earnings Total Liabilities & Stockholders' Equity $639,000 Income Statement Information (2021): 1. Net income for the year ending December 31, 2021 is $130,500. 2. Depreciation expense is $18,000. 3. There is a loss of $9.000 resulted from the sale of long-term investment. Additional information (2021): 1. All sales and purchases of inventory are on account (or credit). 2. Received cash for the sale of long-term investments that had a cost of $81,000, y ASU 3. Cash dividends paid is $45.000. 4. The company purchased new machines and tools for $22,500 cash. Dec 31, 2020 $58,500 63,000 121,500 54,000 81,000 144,000 (45.000) $477,000 $ 31,500 211,500 103,500 130,500 $477,000 Are on account (or credit) 2. Received cash for the sale of long-term investments that had a cost of $$1,000, yielding a $9,000 loss 3. Cash dividends paid is $45,000. 4. The company purchased new machines and tools for $22.500 cash Required: Prepare the FIRST (Operating) and the SECOND (Investing) sections of the statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021. (PLEASE PROVIDE EACH AMOUNTATEM IN A SEPARATE LINE) For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT-FN-F10 (Mac).
The financing section is not provided, and other items such as changes in long-term investments and long-term debt are not included. A complete statement of cash flows would require additional information to accurately present all cash inflows and outflows for the period.
First (Operating) Section of the Statement of Cash Flows:
Net Income: $130,500
Adjustments for Non-Cash Items:
Depreciation Expense: $18,000
Loss on Sale of Long-term Investment: $9,000
Changes in Current Assets and Liabilities:
Increase in Accounts Payable: $18,000 ($76,500 - $58,500)
Decrease in Notes Receivable: $9,000 ($72,000 - $63,000)
Increase in Prepaid Expense: $0 ($81,000 - $81,000)
Decrease in Supplies & Inventory: $39,000 ($351,000 - $312,000)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities:
Net Income + Adjustments for Non-Cash Items + Changes in Current Assets and Liabilities
= $130,500 + $18,000 + $9,000 + $18,000 - $9,000 + $0 - $39,000
= $127,500
Second (Investing) Section of the Statement of Cash Flows:
Sale of Long-term Investment: $9,000
Purchase of Machines and Tools: ($22,500)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities:
Sale of Long-term Investment - Purchase of Machines and Tools
= $9,000 - $22,500
= ($13,500)
Note: The information provided in the question does not include all the necessary data to prepare a complete statement of cash flows. The calculations above are based on the available information for the operating and investing sections. The financing section is not provided, and other items such as changes in long-term investments and long-term debt are not included. A complete statement of cash flows would require additional information to accurately present all cash inflows and outflows for the period.
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An absorbing state is one that locks the system once it enters Select one: True False
True. An absorbing state in a system is one that locks the system once it is entered. In the context of a Markov chain or a stochastic process, an absorbing state is a state from which the system cannot transition to any other state.
Once the system enters an absorbing state, it remains in that state indefinitely.
Absorbing states are characterized by the absence of outgoing transitions, meaning there is no way for the system to leave the absorbing state once it is reached. Absorbing states often represent final or terminal states in a system, where the process or system has reached a stable or irreversible state.
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Suppose we select 4 people at random. We are interested in the probability that they were born on different days of the week, assuming an individual has an equal probability of being born on any of the seven days of the week.
QUESTION 25
1. (ii) The number of simple events in the event of interest (ordered days of birth) is
A. 210
B. 840
C. 2401
D. 5040
Out of all the possible arrangements of the 4 people's birthdays, there are 840 arrangements where each person is born on a different day of the week. So, option B: 840 is the correct answer.
To calculate the number of simple events in the event of interest (ordered days of birth), we need to consider the number of ways the 4 people can be born on different days of the week.
Since each person has an equal probability of being born on any of the seven days of the week, we can treat their births as independent events.
For the first person, there are 7 possible days they could be born.
For the second person, since we want them to be born on a different day than the first person, there are 6 remaining days to choose from.
Similarly, for the third person, there are 5 remaining days, and for the fourth person, there are 4 remaining days.
To find the total number of simple events, we multiply these possibilities together:
7 * 6 * 5 * 4 = 840.
Therefore, the number of simple events in the event of interest is 840.
This calculation helps us understand the denominator in the probability calculation. To find the probability, we would divide the number of favorable outcomes (where all 4 people are born on different days) by the total number of possible outcomes (which is 840 in this case).
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The money creation process Suppose First Main Street Bank, Second Republic Bank, and Third Fidelity Bank all have zero excess reserves. The required reserve ratio is 20%. The Federal Reserve buys a government bond worth $1,500,000 from Charles, a customer of First Main Street Bank. He deposits the money into his checking account at First Main Street Bank. Complete the following table to reflect any changes in First Main Street Bank's balance sheet (before the bank makes any new loans). Assets (Dollars) 1,500,000 Liabilities Complete the following table to show the effects of the new deposit on excess and required reserves, assuming a required reserve ratio of 20% Hint: If the change is negative, be sure to enter the value as a negative number. Amount Deposited Change in Excess Reserves Change in Required Reserves (Dollars) (Dollars) Now, suppose First Main Street Bank loans out all of its new excess reserves to Ana, who immediately writes a check for the full amount to Yakov. Yakov then immediately deposits the funds in his checking account at Second Republic Bank. Then Second Republic Bank lends out all of its new excess reserves to Gilberto, who writes a check to Dina, who deposits the money in her account at Third Fidelity Bank. Finally, Third Fidelity lends out Complete the following table to show the effects of the new deposit on excess and required reserves, assuming a required reserve ratio of 20%. Hint: If the change is negative, be sure to enter the value as a negative number. Amount Deposited Change in Excess Reserves Change in Required Reserves (Dollars) (Dollars) (Dollars) 1,500,000 Now, suppose First Main Street Bank loans out all of its new excess reserves to Ana, who immediately writes a check for the full amount to Yakov. Yakov then immediately deposits the funds in his checking account at Second Republic Bank. Then Second Republic Bank lends out all of its new excess reserves to Gilberto, who writes a check to Dina, who deposits the money in her account at Third Fidelity Bank. Finally, Third Fidelity lends out all of its new excess reserves to Juanita. Fill in the following table to show the effect of this ongoing chain of events at each bank. Enter each answer to the nearest dollar. First Main Street Bank Second Republic Bank Third Fidelity Bank Increase in Checkable Deposits Increase in Required Reserves Increase in Loans (Dollars) (Dollars) (Dollars) Assume this process continues, with each successive loan deposited into a checking account and no banks keeping any excess reserves. Under these in checkable deposits. assumptions, the $1.500,000 injection into the money supply results in an overall increase of
The injection of $1,500,000 into the money supply, starting with the purchase of a government bond by the Federal Reserve, has a cascading effect on the banking system.
In the initial transaction, the money is deposited into Charles' checking account at First Main Street Bank. This deposit increases the bank's liabilities by $1,500,000. With a required reserve ratio of 20%, the bank must hold $300,000 ($1,500,000 * 0.2) in required reserves. Since there were no excess reserves initially, the entire amount of the deposit becomes excess reserves, resulting in a change of $1,500,000 for First Main Street Bank. As First Main Street Bank loans out all of its new excess reserves to Ana, the money is transferred to her account. Ana then writes a check for the full amount to Yakov, who deposits it into his checking account at Second Republic Bank. Similarly, Second Republic Bank loans out its new excess reserves to Gilberto, who writes a check to Dina, and Dina deposits the money into her account at Third Fidelity Bank. Finally, Third Fidelity Bank lends out all of its new excess reserves to Juanita. This ongoing chain of events leads to an increase in checkable deposits at each bank as the loans are deposited into checking accounts. Additionally, there is an increase in required reserves at each bank, proportional to the increase in checkable deposits based on the required reserve ratio of 20%. Finally, there is an increase in loans granted by each bank, as the initial excess reserves are used to create new loans throughout the process.
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PROJECT TASK For an upcoming project of your choice, develop a procurement management plan that will ensure the timeous availability of required resources for successful task execution in order to meet the desired project outcomes. Be sure to include all processes and activities that enable the project manager to acquire the goods and supplies required to perform the projects scope of work. As a project manager, you need to ensure further that consideration is given to quality and timeframe requirements when planning the procurement of required resources. Additionally, highlight the inputs; tools and techniques; and the outputs that are considered essential as they contribute in influencing the decisions to be made throughout the procurement management processes.
Question 4
4.1 Contract Administration—managing the relationship with the seller. (15 marks)
4.2 Contract Close-out—completion and settlement of the contract. (15 marks)
A procurement management plan is an integral part of any project that guarantees timeouts availability of required resources to successfully execute tasks and achieve desired project outcomes. The procurement management plan plays a critical role in identifying, selecting, and managing suppliers/vendors that can provide goods and services needed for the project scope of work.
Additionally, as a project manager, you must consider the quality and time frame requirements when planning the procurement of necessary resources.The following are the processes and activities that enable the project manager to acquire the goods and supplies required to perform the project's scope of work:Plan procurement management: This process helps the project manager develop a procurement management plan that outlines how the procurement process will be executed and monitored.Conduct procurement: This process involves identifying potential suppliers, sending requests for proposals (RFPs), evaluating proposals, and selecting a vendor to supply the goods and services needed for the project. The selection process should be based on criteria such as cost, quality, availability, and time frame.Manage procurement: This process involves monitoring supplier performance, ensuring that deliveries are made on time, ensuring that the quality of goods and services provided meets the project's requirements, and resolving any disputes with suppliers.Control procurement: This process involves monitoring the procurement process and making any necessary changes to ensure that the project's procurement objectives are being met. This process includes contract administration, contract close-out, and procurement performance reviews.Contract administration is the process of managing the relationship with the seller. The project manager is responsible for ensuring that the seller meets the terms and conditions of the contract. This process includes monitoring the seller's performance, ensuring that payments are made on time, resolving any disputes that arise, and amending the contract if necessary.Contract close-out is the process of completing and settling the contract. The project manager is responsible for ensuring that all work has been completed satisfactorily, all payments have been made, and all contractual obligations have been fulfilled. This process also includes conducting a procurement performance review to assess the procurement process's effectiveness and identify areas for improvement.Inputs: The inputs for the procurement management plan include the project charter, project management plan, requirements documentation, risk register , and stakeholder register. The inputs for contract administration and close-out include the procurement management plan, contract documents, and work performance data.Tools and techniques: The tools and techniques used in procurement management include make-or-buy analysis, expert judgment, contract negotiation, and procurement management software. The tools and techniques used in contract administration and close-out include payment systems, records management systems, change control systems, and procurement audits.Outputs: The outputs of the procurement management plan include the procurement management plan, procurement documents, and procurement statement of work. The outputs of contract administration and close-out include procurement documentation updates, procurement audits, and lessons learned documentation.For such more question on procurement
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.On March 1, 2020, Quinto Mining Inc. issued a $590,000, 10%, three-year bond. Interest is payable semiannually beginning September 1, 2020.
Required:
Part 1
a. Calculate the bond issue price assuming a market interest rate of 9% on the date of issue. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round the final answer to nearest whole dollar.)
b. Using the effective interest method, prepare an amortization schedule. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round the final answers to nearest whole dollar. Enter all the amounts as positive values.)
c. Record the entries for the issuance of the bond on March 1, the adjusting entry to accrue bond interest and related amortization on April 30, 2020, Quinto’s year-end, and the payment of interest on September 1, 2020. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round the final answers to nearest whole dollar.)
Part 1
a. The bond issue price is $629,612. To calculate the bond issue price, we need to determine the present value of the bond's future cash flows.
The bond has a face value of $590,000, a stated interest rate of 10%, and a maturity period of three years. The market interest rate is 9%.
Using the present value formula for a bond, the bond issue price can be calculated as follows:
PV = C × [1 - (1 + r)^(-n)] / r + M / (1 + r)^n
Where:
PV = Present value or bond issue price
C = Periodic interest payment
r = Market interest rate per period
n = Number of periods
M = Face value of the bond
In this case, the periodic interest payment is calculated as $590,000 × 10% / 2 = $29,500 (since interest is payable semiannually), the market interest rate is 9% / 2 = 4.5% per period, and the number of periods is 3 years × 2 = 6 periods.
Plugging in the values, we have:
PV = $29,500 × [1 - (1 + 4.5%)^(-6)] / 4.5% + $590,000 / (1 + 4.5%)^6
Calculating this expression will give us the bond issue price.
PV = $166,162 + $463,450
PV = $629,612
Therefore, the bond issue price is $629,612.
b. The amortization schedule can be prepared using the effective interest method. Here's the schedule:
Period Interest Payment Interest Expense Amortization Carrying Value
1 $29,500 $28,332 $1,168 $628,444
2 $29,500 $28,278 $1,222 $627,222
3 $29,500 $28,223 $1,277 $625,945
4 $29,500 $28,168 $1,332 $624,613
5 $29,500 $28,113 $1,387 $623,226
6 $29,500 $28,058 $1,442 $621,784
c. The entries for the issuance of the bond, accrual of bond interest and related amortization, and payment of interest can be recorded as follows:
March 1, 2020 (Issuance):
Cash $629,612
Bonds Payable $629,612
April 30, 2020 (Accrual and Amortization):
Interest Expense $28,332
Amortization of Bond $1,168
Payable $29,500
September 1, 2020 (Payment):
Interest Payable $29,500
Cash $29,500
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