unpolarized light passes through a sequence of two linear polarizers, resulting in light with 17% of the initial intensity. what is the angle between the polarization axes of the two filters? express your answer in degrees. hint: what is the intensity after the first polarizer?

Triton's peculiar qualities, which imply that it was not once a member of Neptune's system, lead astronomers to assume that it is a captured moon.

The following items are among the proof that Triton is a captive moon:

1. Retrograde orbit: Triton's big moon orbits Neptune in a retrograde motion, which is the opposite of how the planet rotates. It may have formerly been an independent object that Neptune's gravitational field gravitationally trapped.

2. Geological activity: Triton is geologically active, as evidenced by its active geysers and young surface. This indicates that Triton may have suffered heating from the process of capture and settling into its current orbit, which is rare for a moon so far from the Sun.

3. Unusual composition and shape: Triton is bigger and heavier than Neptune's other moons. Its make up, which includes water ice, is more like that of Kuiper Belt objects than it is to the other Neptunian moons.

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The largest permissible bending moment for the composite bar is 0.083 Nm for the aluminum section and 0.000396 Nm for the brass section when the bar is bent about a vertical axis.

To determine the largest permissible bending moment for the composite bar, we need to calculate the moment of inertia for each material separately and use the parallel axis theorem to find the total moment of inertia.

The moment of inertia for the aluminum section is 5.19 × [tex]10^{-9}[/tex][tex]m^{4}[/tex] and for the brass section is 1.23 × [tex]10^{-11}[/tex][tex]m^{4}[/tex]. The total moment of inertia for the composite bar is 5.22 × [tex]10^{-9}[/tex] [tex]m^{4}[/tex].

Using the allowable stress and moment of inertia, we can find the largest permissible bending moment for each section. For the aluminum section, the largest permissible bending moment is 0.083 Nm, and for the brass section, it is 0.000396 Nm.

Therefore, the largest permissible bending moment for the composite bar is 0.083 Nm for the aluminum section and 0.000396 Nm for the brass section, when the bar is bent about a vertical axis.

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The sections of oceanic crust on either side of the ridge are moving away from each other. Option D is correct.

The process happening at mid-ocean ridges is called seafloor spreading, which is a type of divergent boundary where two tectonic plates are moving apart from each other. As the plates move apart, magma from the mantle, which fills the gap created by the separating plates and solidifies to form new oceanic crust.

Over time, the newly formed crust moves away from the ridge, pushed by the continuous spreading of the plates, and eventually sinks back into the mantle at subduction zones.

Seafloor spreading is an important mechanism driving the movement of tectonic plates and shaping the Earth's lithosphere. It plays a significant role in the process of plate tectonics and has contributed to the formation of many features on the ocean floor, such as mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys, and ocean basins.

Hence, D. is the correct option.

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Cellular respiration is the way that organisms give off carbon dioxide

The carbon dioxide that organisms contain are usually given off by the process that is called cellular respiration.

During the process of cellular respiration, energy is released through the breaking down of glucose in order to release energy.

Biotic matter such as the producers, consumers, and decomposers are the ones that would carry out this process.

Then the carbon dioxide would be released back into the environment or ecosystem

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The diffraction pattern obtained from the green laser, the distance from the center of the pattern to the third-order dark fringe is 37.5 cm.

The diffraction pattern is observed when monochromatic light called laser is passed through the narrow slit. The diffraction pattern comprises dark and bright fringes.

From the given,

the wavelength of the laser (λ) = 500 nm = 500×10⁻⁹m

Distance between the slit and the screen (d) = 5 m

Width of the narrow slit (d) = 20μm = 20×10⁻⁶m

Distance from the center of the pattern to the 3rd dark fringe (x) =?

nλ = xd / D       (number of fringes =3)

x = nλD / d

  = (3×500×10⁻⁹×5)/ 20×10⁻⁶

x  = 37.5 cm

Hence, the distance from the center of the pattern to the 3rd-order dark fringe is 37.5 cm.

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A rogue planet or planetary-mass object that is not in orbit around any particular star is called an interstellar planet.

A rogue planet or planetary mass object is one that does not orbit any particular star. These objects are believed to have been formed in a similar way to regular planets, but for some reason, were not captured by a star's gravitational pull. Due to their lack of a nearby star, these objects tend to be extremely cold and difficult to detect, as they do not emit their own light. The study of rogue planets and planetary mass objects is a relatively new field in astronomy, and the discovery of such objects has the potential to shed light on the formation and evolution of planets in our universe.

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A girl rides her motorcycle 5.0 km east, turns around, and rides 2.0 km west. The entire trip takes fifteen minutes.

Hence, the correct option is A.

The total distance travelled by the girl is

5.0 km + 2.0 km = 7.0 km.

The total time taken is 15 minutes.

1) Average speed = total distance / total time

= 7.0 km / 15 min

= 0.47 km/min.

2) Average velocity is the displacement divided by the total time taken.

The girl's displacement is

5.0 km (east) - 2.0 km (west) = 3.0 km (east).

Average velocity = displacement / total time

= 3.0 km / 15 min

= 0.20 km/min to the east.

Hence, the correct option is A.

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Answer:

The frame of reference is  the user (or ground) frame.

One must be careful about the direction of the wind because the problem indicates the wind is blowing "toward" the South whereas a South wind on the weather channel would indicate a wind coming from the South or a wind blowing northward.

The speed of the wind blowing southward at 75.0 km/hour is measured in a stationary frame of reference, as this allows for an accurate and consistent measurement of the wind speed. the speed is measured relative to a fixed point that is not moving.

The choice of frame of reference can affect the measurements of speed and other physical quantities.

In the case of the wind speed, if the frame of reference is moving, such as a person walking or a car driving, the measured speed would be different due to the combined motion of the observer and the wind. Therefore, to obtain an accurate measurement of the wind speed, it is necessary to use a stationary frame of reference.

Hence,  the speed of the wind blowing southward at 75.0 km/hour is measured in a stationary frame of reference, as this allows for an accurate and consistent measurement of the wind speed.

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The answer is yes. Fallen leaves give off CO2 when they decompose in the soil. This is because they are eaten by microbes that use oxygen and release carbon dioxide as part of their respiration. According to a study by MIT, the natural decay of organic carbon contributes more than 90 percent of the yearly carbon dioxide released into Earth’s atmosphere and oceans The rate of decomposition depends on various factors, such as temperature, moisture, and leaf composition. Decomposing leaves are also a source of nitrous oxide, another greenhouse gas that's more potent than carbon dioxide. However, not all trees lose their leaves in fall. Some trees, such as pines, spruces, and firs, are evergreen and keep their needles throughout the year. These trees can still take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen even when their deciduous counterparts are dormant.

The wavelength and frequency of the second harmonic are 24 cm and 720 Hz, respectively, and the speed of each wave is 17280 cm/s.

In general, the frequency, wavelength, and speed of a wave are related by the equation:

v = fλ

where v is the speed of the wave, f is the frequency, and λ is the wavelength.

For the third harmonic, we know that f = 360 Hz and λ = 48 cm. Using the above equation, we can solve for the speed of the wave:

v = fλ = (360 Hz)(48 cm) = 17280 cm/s

Now, for the second harmonic, the wavelength will be half of the third harmonic wavelength, i.e., λ = (1/2)48 cm = 24 cm. To find the frequency of the second harmonic, we can use the same equation as before:

f = v/λ = (17280 cm/s)/(24 cm) = 720 Hz

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Granulation is an indication of convection at work in the Sun. Convection is the transfer of heat through the motion of a fluid, and in the Sun's case, the fluid is the plasma in the Sun's outer layer, or the photosphere.

The mottled appearance of the photosphere is due to the convective  stir of tube cells rising and sinking, as hotter tube rises and cooler tube sinks in a  nonstop cycle.   As tube rises, it cools and its  viscosity increases, making it appear darker in  discrepancy to the  girding hotter and brighter tube. The tube sinking into the Sun's innards brings the energy generated in the core to the  face, where it's radiated out into space.

This convective  stir is responsible for the transportation of heat, the  conformation of sunspots, and the distribution of  rudiments in the Sun.   Granulation is an important  point of the Sun's  face, and its observation has helped us understand the mechanisms that drive the Sun's energy  product and  face dynamics.

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A corrective lens with a power of -3.14 diopters is needed to allow the farsighted person to see an object

clearly that is 25.0 cm away.

To determine the power of the corrective lens needed for a farsighted person to see an object 25.0 cm away, we need to use the lens formula:

1/f = 1/di + 1/do

Where f is the focal length of the corrective lens, di is the distance from the lens to the eye, and do is the distance from the lens to the object.

We know that the near point for the farsighted person is 1.00 m, which means that the person's far point is at infinity. Therefore, we can use the thin lens equation to find the focal length of the corrective lens:

1/f = 1/do - 1/di

where do = 25.0 cm and di = 1.50 cm + 100.0 cm (the distance from the corrective lens to the eye, which is the sum of the distance from the eyeglass frame to the lens and the distance from the lens to the eye)

do = 25.0 cm

di = 1.50 cm + 100.0 cm = 101.5 cm

1/f = 1/25.0 - 1/101.5

f = -31.8 cm

The negative sign indicates that the corrective lens is a diverging lens, which is used to correct farsightedness.

The power of the lens is given by the formula:

P = 1/f

P = 1/-31.8 cm

P = -3.14 diopters

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The model rocket is going at approximately 61.24 m/s when the engine cuts out.

To answer your question, We can use the work-energy theorem, which states that the work done on an object is equal to its change in kinetic energy

In this case, the work done (1500 J) is equal to the final kinetic energy minus the initial kinetic energy (which is 0, since the rocket starts from rest).

Final kinetic energy = 1500 J

Initial kinetic energy = 0 J

Using the kinetic energy formula (KE = 0.5 × m ×v²)

where m is the mass (0.80 kg) and v is the final velocity:

1500 J = 0.5 × 0.80 kg ×v²

Now, solve for the final velocity, v:

v² = (1500 J) / (0.5 × 0.80 kg)

v² ≈ 3750

v ≈ √3750

v ≈ 61.24 m/s

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Explanation:

GPE = m g h

       = 5 kg * 9.81 m/s^2  * 3 m = 147 J

Calanus finmarchicus is a copepod, a form of zooplankton that lives in the North Atlantic Ocean. These copepods exhibit diel vertical migration, which means they migrate up and down the water column in a 24-hour cycle. They spend the day at depths of 200 meters or more, and at night they swim up to the surface waters to feed on phytoplankton.

(a) Calanus finmarchicus disperses around midnight, when all the food is in the top 50 meters, to avoid predation. Many of their predators, including fish, eat visually and are less active at night. Calanus finmarchicus may lessen their danger of being eaten by going deeper in the water column.

Another possibility is that the copepods are hiding in the darkness to avoid UV rays. Copepods feed on phytoplankton, which is most plentiful in the higher levels of the water column where they may access sunlight for photosynthesis. However, this exposes the waters to greater amounts of UV radiation, which can harm the copepods' DNA and other biological components.

(b) Calanus finmarchicus migrates down during dawn because they have evolved to their specialized niche in the water column. The deeper species may be better suited to life at lower depths and employ different feeding techniques than the top forms. Furthermore, because of the low light levels in their environment, they may be less impacted by the daily light cycle.

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Complete Question:

Recalling the trophic level of Calanus finmarchicus—its prey and predators-answer the following questions about its migratory behavior by referring to Figure 20-4:

(a) Why do Calanus finmarchicus migrate to shallow water? (b) What is the most logical stimulus for this migration?

(c) Why are they in shallow water at night instead of in the daytime?

(d) Why do they disperse at midnight, when all the food is in the upper 50 meters?

(e) Why do the deeper forms not migrate up at dawn?

(f) The migration pattern of Calanus finmarchicus is a behavioral adaptation that probably evolved over the course of a long geologic period, owing to natural selection. In a few well-reasoned sentences, state how this natural selection might have occurred such that a previous population of Calanus finmarchicus having equal numbers of members that

(1) didn't migrate at all,

(2) migrated up in the daytime,  

(3) migrated up at night evolved into the type of population that we see today.

The graph that will yield a straight line for an ideal gas is "p versus 1/v (n and t are constant)".

This is known as the Boyle's law, which states that at constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional.

When the pressure of a gas is increased, the volume decreases and vice versa, keeping the temperature constant. This relationship can be mathematically expressed as
pV = constant,
where p is pressure and
V is volume.

By rearranging this equation, we get p = constant/V.

Hence, the graph of p versus 1/V will yield a straight line with a negative slope, where the constant represents the product of pressure and volume.

This relationship is applicable to ideal gases, which are characterized by having negligible volume and intermolecular forces. In real gases, there may be deviations from this relationship due to the presence of intermolecular forces and volume.

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If Al is moving at a very high speed (close to the speed of light) and you measure 10 seconds going by, you will see Al's clock record less than 10 seconds.

This is an example of time dilation, which is a consequence of Einstein's theory of relativity. According to the theory, time passes differently for observers moving relative to each other. Specifically, time passes more slowly for objects moving at high speeds compared to those at rest. This means that if you observe a clock on a spaceship moving close to the speed of light, you will see it tick more slowly than your own clock.

In this scenario, you are the observer at rest and Al is the one moving at a high speed. Therefore, you will see Al's clock tick more slowly than your own. In fact, the amount of time that you see Al's clock record during your 10 seconds will be less than 10 seconds. This effect becomes more pronounced as the speed of the moving object approaches the speed of light.

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In the classic episode of The Simpsons, the character who gets hit by a football is Hans Moleman.

During this scene, a football accidentally strikes him in the groin area, creating a humorous and memorable moment in the show. In the classic episode of The Simpsons, a man gets hit by a football during a game. Specifically, the football hits him in the groin area, causing him to fall to the ground in pain. This scene is a memorable moment from the show and has become a popular meme online.

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The firmly bonded molecule would need to absorb around 1302 infrared photons simultaneously in order to disintegrate.

The formula: can be used to determine the binding energy, or the amount of energy needed to separate a closely bound molecule.

E = hf

Where E is the energy, h is Planck's constant (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴J·s), and f is the frequency of the infrared photons.

Given that the binding energy is 10 eV (electron-volts), we need to convert it to joules to be consistent with the units of Planck's constant. The conversion factor is 1 eV = 1.602 x 10⁻¹⁹J.

So, the binding energy in joules is:

E = 10 eV × (1.602 x 10⁻¹⁹J/eV) = 1.602 x 10⁻¹⁸J

n = E / (hf)

In order to find the number of photons, n, can now rearrange the formula as follows:

Putting all the given values,

frequency f = 1.86 x 10⁻¹³Hz and

the calculated binding energy E = 1.602 x 10 ⁻¹⁸J, we get:

n = (1.602 x 10⁻¹⁸J) / ((6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J·s) * (1.86 x 10¹³ Hz))

n = 1.602 x 10⁻¹⁸ / (1.231 x 10⁻²⁰)

n = 1301.79

The tightly coupled molecule would need to absorb roughly 1302 infrared photons simultaneously in order for it to disintegrate, rounded to the nearest integer.

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The last time humans set foot on the moon was during the Apollo 17 mission. This mission took place from December 7th to December 19th, 1972.

Astronauts Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt were the two individuals who walked on the lunar surface during this mission, making them the most recent humans to have done so. The Apollo 17 mission was the final manned lunar landing in the Apollo program, which was a series of space missions conducted by NASA between 1961 and 1972 with the goal of landing humans on the moon and returning them safely to Earth. Apollo 17 marked the sixth successful lunar landing, with a total of 12 astronauts having walked on the moon during these missions. During their time on the lunar surface, Cernan and Schmitt conducted scientific experiments, collected lunar samples, and took photographs, contributing to the overall understanding of the moon's geology and environment.

In summary, the last time humans set foot on the moon was in December 1972, during the Apollo 17 mission, which featured astronauts Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt exploring the lunar surface. Since then, no other manned lunar missions have taken place, but plans for future moon landings are currently being developed by various space agencies around the world.

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A device that is capable of moving atoms and molecules with a laser beam is called an optical tweezer. The correct option is B)

This technology was first introduced by Arthur Ashkin in 1986 and has since revolutionized the field of physics and biology. Optical tweezers use the force of light to trap and manipulate small particles, such as individual atoms and molecules. The laser beam creates a gradient of light intensity, which generates a force that can move and hold particles in place.

This technique has a wide range of applications, including the study of cell mechanics, protein folding, and the assembly of nanostructures. Optical tweezers have also been used in the development of micro-machines, sensors, and other advanced technologies. This device is not to be confused with an atom smasher, which is used to accelerate subatomic particles to high speeds, or a laser scalpel, which is used for precise surgical procedures.

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Answer:

False:  v = λ f   where λ is the wavelength and f the frequency

Shorter wavelength waves travel at the same speed in water as do longer wavelength waves - they have a difference frequecy

The equation v = λf shows that the speed of a wave (v) is directly proportional to its frequency (f).

A higher frequency wave will have a higher speed than a lower frequency wave.

This can be explained by the fact that waves with higher frequencies have shorter wavelengths, and therefore the crests and troughs of the wave are closer together, allowing the wave to travel faster.

The equation v = λf shows that the speed of a wave (v) is directly proportional to its frequency (f).

Hence, the speed of a wave is dependent on its frequency, as shown by the equation v = λf.

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Melody's bumper car is moving across the floor with a velocity of 8.0 m/s after the collision.

Collision is a phenomenon in which two objects collide with each other, resulting in a net force of impact. It is an important concept in physics and is used to explain a wide range of phenomena, including the motion of bodies, the transfer of energy, and the behavior of fluids. Collisions can occur between two objects of any size, from microscopic particles to massive stars.

Using the law of conservation of momentum, we can calculate the velocity of Melody's car after the collision:Momentum before collision = Momentum after collision (100 kg + 200 kg) (12 m/s) = (100 kg + 50 kg) (Vf),Vf = (100 kg + 200 kg) (12 m/s) / (100 kg + 50 kg),Vf = 8.0 m/s. Melody's bumper car is moving across the floor with a velocity of 8.0 m/s after the collision.

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The equation for magnification (m) is: m = image height / object height

An image is said to be magnified when its size is greater than that of the object and it is said to be diminished when its size is smaller than that of the object. Magnification is a physical quantity used to measure the amount of magnification of an image as compared to an object
Magnification is a measure of how much larger or smaller an image is compared to the actual object. If m is less than 1, it means the image is smaller than the object. If m is greater than 1, it means the image is larger than the object. If m is negative, the image is inverted (upside down), while a positive m indicates that the image is upright (the same orientation as the object).

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It seems there are two wire loops, one above the other, based on the description given. Both loops experience current flow when the switch is closed.

According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, when the switch is opened, the current through the lower coil will be stopped, which causes a change in the magnetic flux through the higher coil.

An electromotive force (EMF) is generated in the higher coil as a result of the shift in magnetic flux, which causes current to flow against it. The number of turns in the coil, the rate at which the magnetic flux changes, and the resistance of the coil are some of the variables that affect the intensity of this induced current be transient and will eventually fall to zero as the magnetic flux across the coil reaches equilibrium.

A thorough investigation of the circuit would be necessary to precisely estimate the precise value of the induced current, which will rely on the unique characteristics of the coils and the switch.

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Valencia is right and Terrance is wrong. Valencia is right because light moves like a wave because it is an electromagnetic (EM) radiation.

The direction of wind around a low pressure in the northern hemisphere is anti-clockwise. Option  b. anti-clockwise.

This is known as cyclonic flow, where the air flows towards the center of the low pressure and is deflected to the left due to the Coriolis effect. This creates a counterclockwise circulation around the low pressure center. The wind direction is not perpendicular or parallel to isobars, but rather follows a curved path due to the Coriolis effect.

The direction of wind around a low pressure system in the Northern Hemisphere is: b. anti-clockwise This is due to the Coriolis effect, which causes moving objects, such as wind, to be deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere. This results in a anti-clockwise flow around areas of low pressure. Choice  b. anti-clockwise is thus the correct choice.

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The speed of the bullet was approximately 117.6 m/s.

[tex]m_bullet * v_bullet = (m_{block} + m_{bullet}) * v_{final}[/tex]

[tex]W_{friction}[/tex] = (1/2) * ([tex]m_{block} + m_{bullet}[/tex]) [tex]v_{final}[/tex]²

Solving for v_bullet, we get:

[tex]v_{bullet}[/tex] =  [tex]\sqrt{\frac{(2 * g * mu_k * d * m_block)}{(m_bullet * (m_block + m_bullet)} }[/tex])]

Substituting the given values, we get:

[tex]v_{bullet}[/tex]  [tex]= \sqrt{\frac{(2 * 9.81 * 0.20 * 0.18 * 10)}{(0.01 * (10 + 0.01))} }[/tex]

[tex]v_{bullet}[/tex]= 117.6 m/s (rounded to one decimal place)

Speed is the rate at which an object moves, usually measured in units of distance traveled per unit of time, such as meters per second or miles per hour. It is a fundamental concept in physics and plays a critical role in many fields, including engineering, transportation, sports, and science. The distance an object travels divided by the time it takes to travel that distance will give its speed. The faster an object travels, the greater its speed, and the longer it takes to travel a given distance, the lower its speed.

It is different from velocity, which is a vector quantity that includes both magnitude and direction. For example, a car may be traveling at a speed of 60 miles per hour, but its velocity will depend on its direction of travel. The concept of speed is closely related to distance and time, which are the two fundamental components of its definition.

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when the balancing position is not near the 50-cm position, it is important to take into account the mass of the meterstick, as it can significantly affect the balance point.

One can use the principle of moments to determine the balance point, taking into account the mass of the meterstick.

When balancing a meterstick, the mass of the meterstick should be taken into account.

This is because the meterstick has a weight that can affect the balance point, especially when the balancing position is not near the 50-cm position.

If the balancing position is not near the 50-cm position, the mass of the meterstick will have a significant effect on the balance point.

This is because the farther the balancing position is from the center of mass of the meterstick, the greater the torque due to the weight of the meterstick. This torque will cause the balance point to shift away from the balancing position.

To account for the mass of the meterstick, one can use the principle of moments.

This principle states that the sum of the clockwise moments about any point must be equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moments about that point.

By using this principle, one can determine the position of the balance point, taking into account the mass of the meterstick.

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