To determine the percentage of S1's costs allocated to P1 and P2 under the direct method, we need to consider the cost allocation percentages given in the table.
For S1, the costs are allocated as follows:
30% of S1's costs are allocated to P1
30% of S1's costs are allocated to P2
40% of S1's costs are not allocated to any department (Service)
Using these percentages, we can calculate the allocated costs as follows:
Allocated cost to P1: 30% of $127,000 = $38,100
Allocated cost to P2: 30% of $127,000 = $38,100
Therefore, the percentage of S1's costs allocated to P1 is $38,100 / $127,000 = 0.3 or 30% (rounded to the nearest fraction). Similarly, the percentage of S1's costs allocated to P2 is also 30%.
For S2, the costs are allocated as follows:
20% of S2's costs are allocated to P1
60% of S2's costs are allocated to P2
20% of S2's costs are not allocated to any department (Service)
Using these percentages, we can calculate the allocated costs as follows:
Allocated cost to P1: 20% of $59,000 = $11,800
Allocated cost to P2: 60% of $59,000 = $35,400
Therefore, the percentage of S2's costs allocated to P1 is $11,800 / $59,000 = 0.2 or 20% (rounded to the nearest fraction). The percentage of S2's costs allocated to P2 is $35,400 / $59,000 = 0.6 or 60% (rounded to the nearest fraction).
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ASAP - Sany Company!!
1. As an equipment manufacturing company, suppliers are a very important part of the operation. Can you discuss the supply chain and has any significant world events ever disturbed the supply chain?
2. Bad publicly is a crossroad for a company's brand. Was SANY Company able to regain their footing? If so what steps were taken to reestablish their brand?
As an equipment manufacturing company, SANY understands the significance of suppliers in its operations. The company relies on a complex supply chain to source raw materials and other necessary inputs for its manufacturing processes.
SANY's supply chain involves multiple tiers of suppliers, with each tier contributing to the overall production and delivery of equipment.
Significant world events have indeed disrupted SANY's supply chain in the past. For example, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 resulted in widespread disruptions across global supply chains, including SANY's. Travel restrictions, lockdown measures, and disruptions in logistics and transportation networks impacted the availability of raw materials and components, causing delays and shortages in production.
To mitigate such disruptions, SANY implemented various strategies. The company diversified its supplier base, seeking alternative sources for critical inputs to reduce reliance on specific regions or suppliers. SANY also strengthened communication and collaboration with suppliers, sharing information and working together to address challenges. Additionally, the company focused on building resilience and flexibility in its supply chain by implementing contingency plans, improving inventory management, and exploring local sourcing options.
It is unclear from the provided information whether SANY Company faced a significant public relations crisis or bad publicity that required them to regain their footing. Without specific details about the nature of the crisis or event, it is challenging to assess the steps taken by SANY to reestablish their brand.
However, in general, companies facing reputation challenges can employ several strategies to rebuild their brand. This may include:
Transparency and accountability: Being open and honest about any issues, acknowledging mistakes, and taking responsibility for them.
Communication and engagement: Engaging with stakeholders, including customers, employees, and the public, to listen to their concerns and address them effectively.
Quality and innovation: Focusing on delivering high-quality products or services while emphasizing innovation to regain customers' trust and loyalty.
Social responsibility: Demonstrating a commitment to social and environmental responsibility through sustainable practices and community involvement.
Rebranding and marketing efforts: Developing a new brand identity, refreshing the company's image, and implementing targeted marketing campaigns to rebuild public perception.
Without more specific information about the situation faced by SANY Company, it is challenging to provide a detailed analysis of their brand recovery efforts.
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Middletown, U.S.A., has been dealing with several monopoly firms, making it difficult for new firms to enter. Match each company to the best description of the particular "barrier to entry" it is benefitting from Drag each item on the left to its matching item on the right. Larry's Lawn Care has exclusive rights to mow the grass for all city government property in town for the next 5 years. Marvin's Mining Company runs 100 different pieces of large equipment and trucks in daily operations. control of resources problems raising capital Burt's Brass Band gets a royalty from every download of a song. economies of scale patents and copyright law Wanda's Water Park adds a new water slide or ride each year to the already large park, and can do it fairly cheaply due to volume discounts from the firm that produces the slides. licensing Lucinda's Lake Condos owns all the property around Middletown Lake, the only lake for 200 miles.
In Middletown, U.S.A.,
Larry's Lawn Care - control of resources
Marvin's Mining Company - economies of scale
Burt's Brass Band - patents and copyright law
Wanda's Water Park - volume discounts from the firm that produces the slides
Lucinda's Lake Condos - licensing
1. Larry's Lawn Care has exclusive rights to mow the grass for all city government property in town for the next 5 years. This exclusive contract grants them control of resources, as they have sole access to the city government properties for lawn care services.
2. Marvin's Mining Company runs 100 different pieces of large equipment and trucks in daily operations. They benefit from economies of scale because their large-scale operations allow them to achieve cost efficiencies and lower average costs compared to smaller competitors.
3. Burt's Brass Band gets a royalty from every download of a song. They benefit from patents and copyright law, which grant them exclusive rights to their songs and allow them to receive royalties for their use.
4. Wanda's Water Park adds a new water slide or ride each year to the already large park, and can do it fairly cheaply due to volume discounts from the firm that produces the slides. They benefit from volume discounts, which result from their large purchasing power due to the size of their park. This enables them to obtain the new attractions at a lower cost compared to smaller parks.
5. Lucinda's Lake Condos owns all the property around Middletown Lake, the only lake for 200 miles. They benefit from licensing, as they have the exclusive rights to develop and operate properties around the lake, creating a barrier to entry for potential competitors.
These examples illustrate different barriers to entry that the companies in Middletown, U.S.A. are benefiting from, such as control of resources, economies of scale, patents and copyright law, volume discounts, and licensing.
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A third bond is worth $100 and grows in value by 4 percent each year, but the interest is applied continuously, at every moment. Find the function and explain how you arrived at your answer.
The function describing the value of the third bond, which grows continuously at a rate of 4 percent per year, can be represented by the continuous compound interest formula.
It is given by the function V(t) = P * e^(r * t), where P is the initial value of the bond, e is the mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828, r is the interest rate in decimal form, t is the time in years. To find the function describing the value of the third bond, we can use the continuous compound interest formula. The formula is V(t) = P * e^(r * t), where V(t) represents the value of the bond at time t, P is the initial value of the bond, e is Euler's number (approximately 2.71828), r is the interest rate in decimal form, and t is the time in years.
In this case, the initial value of the bond is $100, and the interest rate is 4 percent per year. Converting the interest rate to decimal form, we have r = 0.04. Plugging these values into the formula, we get V(t) = 100 * e^(0.04 * t). This function describes how the value of the bond grows continuously over time. As time increases, the exponent e^(0.04 * t) increases, leading to an exponential growth in the value of the bond. The 4 percent interest rate represents the rate of growth per year, and since the interest is applied continuously, the bond's value experiences continuous compounding.
By evaluating the function for different values of t, we can determine the value of the bond at specific points in time. For example, to find the value of the bond after 5 years, we substitute t = 5 into the function: V(5) = 100 * e^(0.04 * 5). In conclusion, the function describing the value of the third bond that grows continuously at a rate of 4 percent per year is V(t) = 100 * e^(0.04 * t). This function allows us to calculate the value of the bond at any given point in time using continuous compound interest.
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The demand of television sets at a distributor is uniform at 3000 TV sets for the year. The ordering costs are INR 3 lacs per order. If the holding cost of a
TV set is IN 4 Lacs. Determine the following:
(2+2+4= 8 marks]
a. EOQ
b. No. of optimal lots in the year
C. The total cost related to inventory carrying and ordering cost
Demand of television sets at a distributor for the year = 3000Ordering cost = INR 3 Lacs Holding cost per TV set = INR 4 Lacs We are supposed to determine the EOQ, number of optimal lots in the year, and total cost related to inventory carrying and ordering cost.
1. EOQEOQ formula is given as : EOQ = sqrt((2 x D x S) / H)where D = Annual demand S = Ordering cost H = Holding cost Substituting the given values, D = 3000S = INR 3 Lacs H = INR 4 Lacs EOQ = sqrt((2 x 3000 x 3,00,000) / 4,00,000)EOQ = 1500Therefore, the EOQ is 1500.
2. Number of optimal lots in the year Number of optimal lots in the year = (Annual demand / EOQ) = (3000 / 1500) = 2Therefore, the number of optimal lots in the year is 2.
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A working version of an information system or part of the system that can be used to give users a better way to evaluate a system to see if it meets information requirements is known as a _ (blank) _. Select one: a. prototype b. end-user development c. RFP d. customization e. JAD
The correct answer is (a) prototype.
A prototype is a working version or a preliminary model of an information system or a specific part of the system. It is developed to provide users with a tangible representation of the system's functionality and features. By using a prototype, users can interact with the system and evaluate its performance and capabilities to determine if it meets their information requirements.
Prototyping allows users to provide feedback, identify potential issues or improvements, and make informed decisions about the final system design. It helps in gathering user requirements, testing system functionality, and refining the system before full-scale development and implementation.
Therefore, a prototype is the term that best fits the definition provided for an information system or part of the system that can be used to give users a better way to evaluate if it meets information requirements.
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Kindly answer the questions serially & appropriately
as it is required for assignment purpose:
Assignment topic: Accounting Process and Management in Hospital a. You are required to study the accounting process in both manual and computerized systems, particularly how the voucher, journal, ledg
A journal is a record of all financial transactions of a company. It records transactions in chronological order and is the first place where transactions are recorded.
In a manual accounting system, the accounting process is done by recording financial transactions in journals and ledgers by hand. The voucher system is used to control the source documents such as invoices, receipts, and other transaction documents.
In a computerized accounting system, the accounting process is done by using software to record and process financial transactions. The voucher system is also used in computerized systems to control the source documents such as invoices, receipts, and other transaction documents.
A voucher is a document that serves as evidence of a transaction. In accounting, it is a written authorization prepared by a person or department that approves payment or recording of financial transactions.
A ledger is a collection of accounts that records financial transactions for a business. It contains accounts for all transactions that are recorded in the journals.
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Which of the following statements regarding P/E multiple is NOT correct?
A firm with lower risk is likely to have a high P/E multiple than a firm with higher risk.
A stock with a low P/E multiple indicates that the stock is undervalued.
A firm’s high P/E multiple may be attributed to a temporary increase in its EPS.
All three statements are not correct.
All three statements are not correct.
A firm with lower risk is likely to have a low P/E multiple than a firm with higher risk. Generally, investors are willing to pay a higher P/E multiple for companies with higher growth potential and higher risk.
A stock with a low P/E multiple indicates that the stock may be undervalued. A low P/E ratio suggests that the stock is trading at a lower price relative to its earnings and could potentially be a good investment opportunity.
A firm's high P/E multiple is typically attributed to a sustained increase in its earnings per share (EPS) over time. A temporary increase in EPS would not be the primary reason for a high P/E multiple.
Therefore, the statement that is NOT correct is: A firm's high P/E multiple may be attributed to a temporary increase in its EPS.
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Your credit card company is charging you 18% APR with monthly compounding. Your credit card balance is $14,500. What effective annual rate are you paying on your credit card balance? O 18.56% O 19.56% O20.32% 18% O 19.86%
Given that the credit card company is charging 18% APR with monthly compounding, the credit card balance is $14,500. We are to find the effective annual rate paid on the credit card balance.
The formula to find the effective annual rate (EAR) from the given annual percentage rate (APR) and the number of compounding periods per year is:
EAR = (1 + APR/m)ᵐ - 1,
where m is the number of compounding periods per year.
As compounding is done monthly, the number of compounding periods per year is 12. Hence, m = 12 and
APR = 18%.
Therefore, the effective annual rate (EAR) is:
EAR = (1 + APR/m)ᵐ - 1= (1 + 18%/12)¹² - 1
≈ 20.32%.
Therefore, the effective annual rate that the credit card company is charging is approximately 20.32%. Therefore, the option (C) 20.32% is the correct answer
The annual percentage rate (APR) is the annual interest rate that you will be charged on your credit card balances. Compounding is the process of computing the interest on the principal balance and any accumulated interest on a loan or deposit. Monthly compounding indicates that interest is computed and added to the principal at the end of each month.
The effective annual rate is a metric that accounts for the effect of compounding on the interest rate. EAR is a calculation of the annual interest rate, taking into account the effects of compounding over the course of a year. The formula to find the effective annual rate (EAR) from the given annual percentage rate (APR) and the number of compounding periods per year is:
EAR = (1 + APR/m) m - 1, where m is the number of compounding periods per year. Here, the credit card company is charging 18% APR with monthly compounding, and the credit card balance is $14,500.
Therefore, the effective annual rate (EAR) is:
EAR = (1 + APR/m)ᵐ - 1
= (1 + 18%/12)¹² - 1
≈ 20.32%.
Therefore, the effective annual rate that the credit card company is charging is approximately 20.32%.
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which forms of business organization are considered to be separate accounting entities?
Forms of business organization that are considered separate accounting entities include corporations and limited liability companies (LLCs).
Corporations and limited liability companies (LLCs) are both forms of business organization that are considered separate accounting entities. This means that these entities are legally distinct and separate from their owners or shareholders.
Corporations are formal business structures that are owned by shareholders and managed by a board of directors. They have their own legal rights, liabilities, and obligations. Corporations are subject to various legal and regulatory requirements, including the need to file separate tax returns and maintain proper accounting records.
Limited liability companies (LLCs) are hybrid entities that offer the limited liability protection of a corporation and the flexibility of a partnership. Like corporations, LLCs are considered separate legal entities, which means that the owners (referred to as members) are not personally responsible for the company's debts or liabilities. LLCs also have their own tax identification numbers and file separate tax returns.
By treating corporations and LLCs as separate accounting entities, it allows for clear separation of personal and business finances and ensures that the financial records accurately reflect the financial position and performance of the entities themselves.
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The balance sheets provided below indicate that the Fed has: a. conducted an open market purchase b. conducted an open market sale c. lowered the discount rate d. raised reserve requirements BALANCE SHEETS OF BANKS AND THE FED Banking System_(In millions of dollars) FED Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Reserves +$ 10 U.S. Government Bank Reserves U.S. Government Bonds +$10 +$10 Bonds -$10 3. Using the balance sheets provided above, if the required reserve ratio for banks is 20 percent, what will happen to the money supply? Assume that banks do not hold excess reserves and that the public does not wish to hold additional cash. a. The money supply will decrease $50 million b. The money supply will decrease $10 million c. The money supply will increase $50 million d. The money supply will increase $10 million e. The money supply will increase $40 million
the correct option is option A: The money supply will decrease $50 million.
Using the balance sheets provided above, if the required reserve ratio for banks is 20 percent, the money supply will decrease by $50 million.What is the Reserve Ratio?The reserve ratio is a percentage of total deposits that banks must hold in reserve. Reserve requirements are used by banks to make sure that they have enough money on hand to meet their clients' requests. Banks that do not have enough cash on hand must borrow money, which raises the cost of borrowing and reduces the money supply. If the Federal Reserve reduces the reserve ratio, banks are required to keep fewer reserves. When banks have more money to lend, interest rates fall, the money supply rises, and the economy expands. If the Federal Reserve increases the reserve ratio, banks are required to keep more reserves. When banks have less money to lend, interest rates increase, the money supply falls, and the economy slows.Using the balance sheets provided above, if the required reserve ratio for banks is 20 percent, the money supply will decrease by $50 million. Since the Reserve is 20%, Bank reserves will be $2, which is 20% of $10 million. As a result, the bank's excess reserves have fallen to $0. Because the banks don't have any excess reserves, their lending ability has been reduced by $10 million. They're only able to lend $40 million now since they're unable to lend their entire $50 million reserve. The whole banking system's money supply has decreased by $50 million as a result of this. Hence, the correct option is option A: The money supply will decrease $50 million.
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1. Investigate the reason why Thomas Cook group, the oldest travel agency in the world with a history of 178 years, declared bankruptcy and give your advice to avoid similar problems.
To avoid a similar outcome to Thomas Cook, companies should manage debt, adapt to market demands, implement digital solutions, and stay relevant with consumer trends.
The primary reason for the Thomas Cook group's bankruptcy was an accumulation of long-term debt. In this case, the company was unable to recover from its substantial debt load, which was compounded by fierce competition and a change in travel patterns. Furthermore, the company had been attempting to move from a traditional package holiday model to a digital strategy, but it was too little too late. These were the major causes of the firm's collapse.There are a few things to keep in mind to avoid a similar outcome to Thomas Cook. Here are a few recommendations to consider:Avoid high levels of long-term debt and aim to pay it off on a regular basis.Keep an eye on the competition and continually review and alter your business strategy based on market demand and consumer preferences.Rapidly implement digital solutions to support customer needs, including online booking and payments.Keep a close eye on consumer trends and adjust your offerings as needed to stay relevant. In conclusion, the travel sector is always changing, so companies should adapt to the changing market and stay on top of trends to avoid the same fate as Thomas Cook. By keeping an eye on their finances and digital transformation, businesses can avoid falling into debt and remain competitive in the industry.
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1. Calculate the four components of expenditure and GDP for the following economy using data from the table below.
GDP
Consumption expenditures $550
Exports $75
Government purchases of goods and services $200
Construction of new homes and apartments 100
Sales of existing homes and apartments $200
Imports $125
Beginning-of-year inventory stocks $100
End-of-year inventory stocks $75
Business fixed investment $100
Government payments to retirees $100
Household purchases of durable goods $150
a. Consumption expenditures.
b. Investment expenditures.
c. Government Purchases.
d. Net Exports.
e. GDP.
2. The nation of Potchatoonie produces hockey pucks, cases of root beer, and sandals. The following table provides data on prices and quantities.
Pucks Root beer Sandals
Year Quantity Price Quantity Price Quantity Price
2011 100 $5 300 $15 100 $20
2014 125 $7 250 $20 110 $25
Assume that 2011 is the base year. Find nominal GDP and real GDP for both years.
a. Consumption expenditures:
Household purchases of durable goods: $150
b. Investment expenditures:
Construction of new homes and apartments: $100
Business fixed investment: $100
c. Government purchases:
Government purchases of goods and services: $200
Government payments to retirees: $100
d. Net exports:
Exports: $75
Imports: $125
e. GDP:
To calculate GDP, we sum up the four components of expenditure:
GDP = Consumption expenditures + Investment expenditures + Government purchases + Net exports
GDP = $550 + $100 + $200 + ($75 - $125)
GDP = $725
2. To calculate nominal GDP, we multiply the quantities by their respective prices in each year and sum them up:
Nominal GDP 2011 = (100 * $5) + (300 * $15) + (100 * $20) = $5,000 + $4,500 + $2,000 = $11,500
Nominal GDP 2014 = (125 * $7) + (250 * $20) + (110 * $25) = $875 + $5,000 + $2,750 = $8,625
To calculate real GDP, we use the prices from the base year (2011) and multiply them by the quantities in each year:
Real GDP 2011 = (100 * $5) + (300 * $15) + (100 * $20) = $5,000 + $4,500 + $2,000 = $11,500
Real GDP 2014 = (125 * $5) + (300 * $15) + (100 * $20) = $6,250 + $4,500 + $2,000 = $12,750
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Unbalancing a bid to take advantage of an owner’s error is unethical
A. True
B False
Unbalancing a bid to take advantage of an owner’s error is unethical. This statement is true.
An unbalanced bid occurs when the subcontractor fails to distribute the costs of a bid item proportionally to the quantity of work anticipated. It could also refer to a bidding approach in which the bid price of one item or several items is very low or very high, whereas the others are more reasonable. This is done to provide the bidder an advantage over its competitors and, in the end, to win the bid. This is also a method of taking advantage of the owner's or architect's inexperience in the area or a method of exploiting the owner's or architect's mistakes.
Unbalancing a bid in this manner might have long-term negative effects on the contractor's reputation, the project, and the industry. Instead of unbalancing the bid, the contractor should inform the owner of the mistake in the plans and request a modification. They may also inquire about the information given in the specifications. They may request additional information from the owner to provide an accurate bid. They should avoid taking advantage of a mistake or exploiting the owner or architect's inexperience.
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Lena Company has current assets of $75,000, current liabilities of $50,000, long-term assets of $90,000 and non-current liabilities of $45,000. Lena Company's working capital and its current ratio are:
a. $25,000 and 150%
b. $35,000 and 200%.
c. $70,000 and 135.7%
d. None of the above is correct.
Lena Company's working capital is $25,000, and its current ratio is 150%.
Working capital is calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets. In this case, Lena Company's current assets are $75,000, and its current liabilities are $50,000. Therefore, the working capital can be calculated as follows:
Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities
Working Capital = $75,000 - $50,000
Working Capital = $25,000
The current ratio is a measure of a company's ability to cover its short-term liabilities with its short-term assets. It is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities and expressing the result as a percentage. In this case, Lena Company's current assets are $75,000, and its current liabilities are $50,000. Therefore, the current ratio can be calculated as follows:
Current Ratio = (Current Assets / Current Liabilities) * 100
Current Ratio = ($75,000 / $50,000) * 100
Current Ratio = 150%
Hence, Lena Company's working capital is $25,000, and its current ratio is 150%. The correct answer is option (a) $25,000 and 150%.
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Why are the vast majority of "ethnic" enclaves now located in sprawling suburbs? (1 mark) A 2. The "ethnic" enclave of Markham is quite prosperous. It was created in the 1990s. What are economic factors that are changing the prosperity of "ethnic" enclaves today? Why should th be of concern? (2 marks)
1. In the past, most ethnic enclaves were situated in urban areas. However, the majority of them are now located in sprawling suburbs. These suburbs are attractive to newcomers due to the following factors:
Affordability: The suburbs provide more affordable housing than the city. Even though suburban homes are more expensive, they are more spacious and offer more value for money.
Safety: The suburbs are perceived as being safer than the city. Crime rates are usually lower in suburban areas than in urban areas. Many parents prefer the suburbs because they believe their children are safer there.
Comfort: The suburbs are more comfortable to live in than the city. The environment is less polluted, and there is less noise. The suburbs provide a more peaceful atmosphere where one can relax after a long day at work.
2. Economic factors that are changing the prosperity of "ethnic" enclaves include the following:
Gentrification: This is a process where the original residents of a neighborhood are replaced by wealthier people. Gentrification is causing the displacement of many ethnic enclaves. As a result, many people are losing their homes, jobs, and social connections. Gentrification is also causing the loss of cultural identity among ethnic communities.
Income inequality: The wealth gap between rich and poor is widening in many countries. Ethnic enclaves are particularly vulnerable to this trend because they tend to be less affluent than other neighborhoods. Many ethnic enclaves lack basic amenities such as good schools, healthcare, and job opportunities. This is making it difficult for people in these areas to improve their standard of living.
The potential loss of cultural identity is a concern because it threatens the preservation of diverse cultures. When people are displaced from their homes, they lose their connections to their community and their cultural heritage. Additionally, economic inequality can create social unrest and reduce social cohesion. The government should be concerned about these issues because they can lead to social unrest and political instability.
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meritor implents these suggestions and result is that the muffer assmbly fabrication cell now averages app 32 assem per hour and the catalyic coverter assembly cel can now respons to an order for a bach of catalyic converters in one hpur. The safety storck remains at 12.5 percent how many kaban cards are needed?
The muffler assembly fabrication cell would need 36 kanban cards, and the catalytic converter assembly cell would need 2 kanban cards.
To determine the number of kanban cards needed, we need to consider the average assembly rate, the safety stock, and the time required to respond to an order.
Given the information provided:
The muffler assembly fabrication cell averages approximately 32 assemblies per hour.
The catalytic converter assembly cell can respond to an order for a batch of catalytic converters in one hour.
The safety stock remains at 12.5 percent.
To calculate the number of kanban cards, we can use the following formula:
Number of Kanban Cards = (Average Demand per Hour x Time to Produce) + Safety Stock
For the muffler assembly fabrication cell:
Number of Kanban Cards = (32 x 1) + (0.125 x 32) = 32 + 4 = 36 kanban cards.
For the catalytic converter assembly cell:
Number of Kanban Cards = (1 x 1) + (0.125 x 1) = 1 + 0.125 = 1.125 kanban cards.
Since kanban cards are typically whole units, we round up the decimal value for the catalytic converter assembly cell. Therefore, the catalytic converter assembly cell would require 2 kanban cards.
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Exercise 3. Calculation with the IS curve and the multiplier. Show how to derive an IS curve that includes the consumption multiplier. That is, assume investment is described by 11 = a;, – b(R4 - 7) and consumption is described by Ce =acī, + x Ý, Y. The other categories of expenditures follow the same rules as in class. a) Show how to get the expression of the IS curve for this case. b) Why do we say that there is a multiplier? What is the magnitude of the multiplier? Explain the intuition behind the multiplier. Assume r = 0.02, b = 0.5, x = 0.4, and that there are no short-term demand shocks a= 0. c) How does output respond when the real interest rate increases by 0.01. d) Draw a graph of the baseline IS-curve and the IS-curve with the multiplier. You should plot the "short-term fluctuation" (X-axis) vs the real interest rate in the (Y-axis), for each case. Which curve is flatter, and why? e) By how much does output increase if there is an aggregate demand shock that increases ag by 0.01
IS curve including the consumption multiplier is derived using the following equations, considering investment as I = a-b(R- r ) and consumption as C = a₀ + c(Y - T) + xI + g.
The IS curve is a relationship between interest rates and output in the economy, while the consumption multiplier is a measure of how much consumption changes when there is a change in income. In this exercise, we derive an IS curve that includes the consumption multiplier and show how to calculate the magnitude of the multiplier.
The intuition behind the multiplier is that it reflects the fact that an increase in expenditure generates an increase in output that in turn generates further increases in expenditure and output. The baseline IS-curve has a steeper slope compared to the IS-curve with the multiplier. The flatter curve is the IS-curve with the multiplier. This is because the inclusion of the consumption multiplier dampens the impact of changes in the real interest rate on output.
The output decreases by (1/ (1 - c(1 - xβ))) * 0.01 when the real interest rate increases by 0.01. Additionally, output increases by (1/ (1 - c(1 - xβ))) * 0.01 when there is an aggregate demand shock that increases ag by 0.01.
The exercise above shows how to derive an IS curve that includes the consumption multiplier. The derivation is done using the equation of national expenditure, which relates output to consumption, investment, and government spending.
The inclusion of the consumption multiplier dampens the impact of changes in the real interest rate on output. The magnitude of the multiplier is given as 1/ (1 - c(1 - xβ)). The intuition behind the multiplier is that it reflects the fact that an increase in expenditure generates an increase in output that in turn generates further increases in expenditure and output.
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Formalisation, one of the building blocks of organisational structure, refers to the degree to which a task is divided into separate jobs the degree to which decision making is concentrated at the top of the organisation the extent to which employee behavior is guided by rules and procedures the formal, position-based reporting lines and stipulations regarding who reports to whom how efforts of individuals and teams are orchestrated and how resources are distributed
Formalisation, in the context of organizational structure, refers to the extent to which employee behavior is guided by rules, procedures, and standardized processes.
It involves the establishment of clear job descriptions, formalized policies, and specific guidelines for carrying out tasks within an organization. The level of formalisation determines the degree to which activities and interactions are structured and regulated. Highly formalized organizations have strict rules and procedures in place, leaving little room for individual discretion or creativity.
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Explain how Hydro One setup its risk controls to mitigate the KRIs
Hydro One is a utility company responsible for the transmission and distribution of electricity across Ontario, Canada.that includes a range of risk controls aimed at mitigating the key risk indicators (KRIs).
The first step in Hydro One's risk management process is to identify the key risks to its business.The company then develops KRIs, which are measurable parameters that indicate the level of risk exposure for each identified risk.
These include operational controls, as well as monitoring its financial performance against key financial ratios and benchmarks.Regulatory controls are also in place to ensure compliance with relevant regulations and standards, such as those related to safety and environmental protection.
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Suppose that you are hired as business consultant for a company, and after collecting data you estimated the following profit function:
poˆ=−18.8+8P −0.3P2+7 −0.32,
where P is the price of the product the company sells, and A is advertising spending.
Find the advertising level which maximizes the firm's profit.
Round your answer to the nearest 0.01.
The given profit function of a company is poˆ=−18.8+8P −0.3P²+7A −0.32A²,where P is the price of the product the company sells, and A is advertising spending.
Now, we need to find the advertising level which maximizes the firm's profit. For this purpose,
we have to apply the concept of partial differentiation. We will first differentiate the profit function w.r.t A and then equate it to zero,
as follows: poˆ=−18.8+8P −0.3P²+7A −0.32A²Differentiating w.r.t A,
we get:∂poˆ/∂A = 7 - 0.64A = 0 (Equating to zero)7 = 0.64A or,
A = 10.9375 (Rounded to the nearest 0.01)
Therefore, the advertising level which maximizes the firm's profit is $10.94.
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There are several CNG fuel dispensers manufactures in US. One of them is Wayne Fueling Systems from Austin, Texas. In 2019, Wayne Fueling Systems realized that they need to replace the equipment to streamline one of their production lines for a new contract, and plan to sell the equipment at or before its expected life is reached at an estimated market value for old used equipment. To conduct an economic analysis between the two options given below. 1. Which method in economic analysis (PW, FW, AW) you think will use for the selection process? 2. Recommend your selection between the two options given below using the corporate MARR of 15% per year and the economic analysis you recommended in Question 1 for the expected use period in paper/by hand. Draw the cash flow diagram. 3. Bonus Points (20): Solve this problem using Excel. (This is your Bonus point to boost your grade, means you will earn 120 out of 100.) Upload Excel File in the "Question 3."
Economic Analysis Method:To evaluate the two options for replacing the equipment, the most suitable method of economic analysis would be the Present Worth (PW) method. The PW method assesses the net present value of each option by discounting all cash flows to their present value at a specified interest rate.
Selection and Cash Flow Diagram:
To recommend the selection between the two options, we would need more specific information about the options and their associated cash flows. Without that information, it is challenging to provide a specific recommendation or draw a cash flow diagram.
However, I can outline the general steps you would need to follow:
a. Identify the initial cost of each option, including the cost of new equipment and any costs associated with selling the old equipment.
b. Determine the expected annual cash inflows and outflows associated with each option, considering factors such as increased production efficiency, maintenance costs, and any revenue from selling the old equipment.
c. Estimate the expected useful life of the equipment and calculate the total cash flows over the expected use period for each option.
d. Discount the cash flows of each option to their present values using the corporate Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return (MARR) of 15% per year.
e. Calculate the Present Worth (PW) of each option by summing the present values of all cash flows.
f. Compare the PW values of the two options. The option with the higher PW would be economically more favorable.
Based on the specific cash flow data and calculations, you can make a recommendation between the two options.
Bonus Points:
To solve this problem using Excel and provide a detailed economic analysis, you can create a cash flow statement with columns for each year, including initial costs, annual cash inflows/outflows, and discounted cash flows. Apply the appropriate formulas to calculate present values and PW for each option. Finally, compare the results to make a recommendation.
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What is ABC inventory analysis? 2. What is the EOQ quantity if the annual demand is 1,000 units, cost of the item is $10, carrying rate is 10%, and order processing cost is $50? 3. Assuming that the annual demand is 1,000 units, cost of the item is $10, carrying rate is 10%, and order processing cost is $50. If the firm order this item at 500 units per order, what are the (a) annual ordering cost, and (b) annual holding cost?
ABC Inventory Analysis:ABC Inventory Analysis is an inventory categorization process that deals with determining the importance of items in a store. It helps classify the company's inventory into three different categories: A, B, and C.A-items.
Those items which have the highest dollar volume of annual consumption value, which is usually about 20% of the total items in inventory and 80% of the annual consumption value. They require close attention to their inventory levels and management.B-items: Those items that are moderately important, usually about 30% of the total inventory items and 15% of the annual consumption value.C-items: Those items which are less important, usually about 50% of the total items in inventory but only about 5% of the annual consumption value.Economic Order Quantity:EOQ quantity can be calculated by using the following formula:EOQ = sqrt((2SD)/(H))whereS is the annual demandD is the ordering cost per purchaseH is the holding cost per unit per yearThe calculation is shown below:EOQ = sqrt((2SD)/(H))EOQ = sqrt((2*1,000*50)/1)EOQ = 224.72Therefore, the EOQ quantity is 225 units.
Approximately, to minimize ordering and holding costs, the EOQ model helps in determining the optimum number of units for ordering. It specifies the order quantity that minimizes the total cost, including ordering and holding costs.Annual Ordering Cost:Annual ordering cost can be calculated by using the following formula:Annual Ordering Cost = (Annual Demand/EOQ) * Ordering CostAnnual Ordering Cost = (1,000/500) * $50Annual Ordering Cost = $100Annual Holding Cost:Annual holding cost can be calculated by using the following formula:Annual Holding Cost = (EOQ/2) * Holding CostAnnual Holding Cost = (225/2) * $1Annual Holding Cost = $112.50Therefore, the annual holding cost is $112.50.
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E14.13 (LO 4) The following information is taken from the 2020 general ledger of Okonedo ASA. Rent Rent expense € 40,000 Prepaid rent, January 1 5,600 Prepaid rent, December 31 9,000 Salaries Salaries and wages expense € 65,000 10,000 Salaries and wages payable, January 1 Salaries and wages payable, December 31 8,000 Sales Sales revenue €170,000 Accounts receivable, January 1 19,000 Accounts receivable, December 31 7,000 Instructions In each case, compute the amount that should be reported in the operating activities section of the state- ment of cash flows under the direct method.
The amount that should be reported in the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows under the direct method for Okonedo ASA is €171,000.
The operating activities section of the statement of cash flows under the direct method includes cash inflows and outflows directly related to the company's core operations. To calculate the amount for this section, we need to consider the changes in the relevant accounts. For Rent, the Rent expense of €40,000 is reported as an outflow in the operating activities section. For Salaries, the change in Salaries and wages payable is considered. The Salaries and wages payable of €10,000 (January 1) minus €8,000 (December 31) represents a decrease in payable, which means an increase in cash. Therefore, €2,000 is reported as an inflow in the operating activities section.
For Sales, the change in Accounts receivable is considered. The Accounts receivable of €19,000 (January 1) minus €7,000 (December 31) represents a decrease in receivables, which means an increase in cash. Therefore, €12,000 is reported as an inflow in the operating activities section. Adding up the Rent expense, Salaries adjustment, and Sales adjustment, the total amount reported in the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows under the direct method is €40,000 + €2,000 + €12,000 = €54,000. However, it's important to note that the given information does not provide specific details about other operating cash flows, such as cash paid for operating expenses. Therefore, the total amount reported in the operating activities section may vary depending on additional information not provided.
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CASE Marketing Mix consists of the 4 Ps. One of those P's is Place. Flawless Features, an American marketing company, that manufactures beauty, home care, and health products The brand sells products only through its authorized stores. Hence, the company plays the role of a producer and distributor of its goods. QUESTION: Identity the type of vertical marketing system applied by Flawless Features.
The type of vertical marketing system applied by Flawless Features is Corporate VMS.A marketing mix refers to the various tactics and strategies used by a business or an organization to promote their product or service in the market.
The 4 Ps of the marketing mix include Product, Price, Place, and Promotion.What is a marketing company?A marketing company is a firm that provides marketing services to businesses and organizations. The services they offer include advertising, branding, market research, social media management, and many others. Marketing companies help businesses to connect with their target audience and promote their products or services more effectively.
What is a vertical marketing system (VMS)?A vertical marketing system is a type of channel of distribution where the different levels of the channel are unified under a single entity. The three types of vertical marketing systems include corporate, contractual, and administered.
What type of vertical marketing system is used by Flawless Features?Flawless Features is a marketing company that manufactures beauty, home care, and health products. The brand sells products only through its authorized stores, making the company play the role of a producer and distributor of its goods.
The type of vertical marketing system applied by Flawless Features is Corporate VMS. In this system, a single entity owns or controls the entire channel of distribution, from manufacturing to retailing. By using this system, Flawless Features can have more control over the distribution of its products, ensuring that they are sold only through authorized channels.
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Changes in prices can be attributed to shifts in the supply curve, the demand curve, or both. In this module we learned several variables that can shift the curves (price of related goods, changes in expectations, etc.) According to the Hoffower article, what variable is likely to be the cause of increased college tuition from the demand side? What variable on the supply side?
According to the Hoffower article, the variable likely to be the cause of increased college tuition from the demand side is increased competition. The variable on the supply side is the decrease in state funding.LONG ANSWER:In accordance with the Hoffower article.
The variable likely to be the cause of increased college tuition from the demand side is increased competition. Because more individuals are attending college, colleges must compete for potential students, just like any other business does.The variable on the supply side is the decrease in state funding. In the past, states heavily subsidized their public universities.
Nonetheless, with the increase of state budget crises, state funding has decreased over time. Consequently, public universities have had to compensate by increasing tuition rates and other fees to make up for the shortfall in state funding. It implies that higher education in the United States has become increasingly costly. The decreasing state funding shifts the supply curve to the left, which increases equilibrium price and reduces the equilibrium quantity.EXPLANATION:Changes in prices are often caused by shifts in the supply curve, the demand curve, or both. Changes in prices can be linked to shifts in either or both of these curves, as seen in the case of increased college tuition. In this case, according to the Hoffower article, the increase in demand is caused by increased competition, which results in colleges competing for potential students like any other business. Colleges raise tuition rates and other fees to make up for the shortfall in state funding, which has decreased over time as a result of the increase of state budget crises. This, in turn, shifts the supply curve to the left, raising equilibrium price and lowering equilibrium quantity.
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fill the blank. theoretical explanations for the demographic transition were initially drawn from _______ theory.
Theoretical explanations for the demographic transition were initially drawn from "Malthusian" theory.
This theory, proposed by economist Thomas Malthus in the late 18th century, argued that population growth would outpace the availability of resources, leading to widespread poverty, famine, and other negative consequences.
Malthus believed that the only way to control population growth was through "positive checks" such as war, disease, and natural disasters. The demographic transition theory, built upon Malthusian ideas, sought to explain the observed shifts in birth and death rates in societies as they transition from pre-industrial to industrialized states. While the demographic transition theory has evolved and incorporated other factors, its initial foundations were influenced by Malthusian theory's focus on population dynamics and resource constraints.
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Interpreting and Applying Disclosures on Property and Equipment
Following are selected disclosures from the Evett and Sternard Company (a specialty chemical company) 2007 10-K.
Land, Building and Equipment, Net
(in millions) 2007 2006
Land $ 146 $ 142
Buildings and improvements 2,000 1,900
Machinery and equipment 6,200 5,800
Capitalized interest 352 340
Construction in progress 271 218
Land, Building and Equipment, Gross 8,969 8,400
Less: Accumulated depreciation 5,908 5,481
Total $ 3,061 $ 2,919
The principal lives (in years) used in determining depreciation rates of various assets are: buildings and improvement (10-50); machinery and equipment (5-20); automobiles, trucks and tank cars (3-10); furniture and fixtures, laboratory equipment and other assets (5-10); capitalized software (5-7). The principal life used in determining the depreciation rate for leasehold improvements is the years remaining in the lease term or the useful life (in years) of the asset, whichever is shorter.
IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS
Long-lived assets, other than investments, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, are depreciated over their estimated useful lives, and are reviewed for impairment whenever changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. Such circumstances would include items such as a significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset, a significant adverse change in the manner the asset is being used or planned to be used or in its physical condition or a history of operating or cash flow losses associated with the use of the asset ... When such events or changes occur, we assess the recoverability of the asset by comparing the carrying value of the asset to the expected future cash flows associated with the asset's planned future use and eventual disposition of the asset, if applicable ... We utilize marketplace assumptions to calculate the discounted cash flows used in determining the asset's fair value ... For the year ended December 31, 2007, we recognized approximately $24 million of fixed asset impairment charges.
(a) Compute the PPE (land, buildings and equipment) turnover for 2007 (Sales in 2007 are $8,897 million). (Round your answer to two decimal places.)
Answer
If the median PPE turnover rate for all publicly traded companies is approximately 5.03 in 2007, what does Evett and Sternard's turnover rate tell us about the company?
Evett and Sternard is less capital intensive than the median publicly traded company.
Evett and Sternard is more capital intensive than the median publicly traded company.
Evett and Sternard is the same capital intensive as the median publicly traded company.
The PPE turnover rate does not tell us anything about how capital intensive Evett and Sternard is.
(b) Evett and Sternard reported depreciation expense of $412 million in 2007. Estimate the useful life, on average, for its depreciable PPE assets. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)
Answer
(c) By what percentage are Evett and Sternard's assets "used up" at year-end 2007? (Round your answer to two decimal places.)
Answer
This indicates that approximately 65.82% of Evett and Sternard's assets have been depreciated or "used up" by the end of 2007.
(a) The PPE (land, buildings, and equipment) turnover for Evett and Sternard in 2007 is approximately 1.49. Compared to the median PPE turnover rate of 5.03 for all publicly traded companies, this indicates that Evett and Sternard is less capital intensive than the median publicly traded company.
(b) Based on the given information, we cannot directly estimate the average useful life for Evett and Sternard's depreciable PPE assets. The disclosure provides the principal lives (in years) used in determining depreciation rates for different types of assets, but it does not specify the composition or proportion of the PPE assets. Without more detailed information, we cannot accurately estimate the average useful life.
(c) To determine the percentage of assets "used up" at year-end 2007, we need to calculate the accumulated depreciation as a percentage of the gross PPE. The accumulated depreciation at year-end 2007 is $5,908 million, and the gross PPE is $8,969 million. Therefore, the percentage of assets "used up" is:
Percentage of assets "used up" = (Accumulated depreciation / Gross PPE) * 100
Percentage of assets "used up" = ($5,908 million / $8,969 million) * 100
Percentage of assets "used up" ≈ 65.82%
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If interest rates were to increase, then [select the statement that is most correct]
a. Only long term bonds will experience a price increase
b. Both long and short term bonds will exerience a price decrease, but long term bonds will drop in price more than short term.
c. Both long and short term bonds will exerience a price decrease, but short term bonds will drop in price more than long term.
d. only long term bonds will experience a price decrease
e. All bonds will experience a price increase
B. Both long and short term bonds will experience a price decrease, but long-term bonds will drop in price more than short-term.
When interest rates increase, bond prices typically decrease. This is because newly issued bonds will offer higher coupon rates, making existing bonds with lower coupon rates less attractive to investors. Both long-term and short-term bonds are affected by interest rate changes, but the impact on their prices differs.
Long-term bonds, which have longer maturities, are more sensitive to interest rate changes. The longer the bond's maturity, the more time there is for interest rates to fluctuate, impacting the bond's present value. Therefore, long-term bonds generally experience a larger drop in price compared to short-term bonds when interest rates increase.
Short-term bonds, on the other hand, have shorter maturities and are less affected by interest rate changes. Their prices may still decrease, but the impact is relatively smaller compared to long-term bonds.
It's important to note that while the general relationship between interest rates and bond prices holds, other factors such as credit quality, market conditions, and investor sentiment can also influence bond prices.
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slavery in the americaswas based on banned in 1810.involved more women than to fighting between european countries.
Slavery in the Americas was based on a long answer which involved more women than fighting between European countries. Slavery was not banned in the Americas in 1810. The abolition of slavery varied by country and took place over a period of many years.
Let's look at each statement in more detail:Slavery in the Americas was based on Slavery in the Americas was a complex institution that was based on a multitude of factors, including economic, social, and political reasons. Europeans first brought enslaved Africans to the Americas in the 16th century to work on plantations and in mines. Over time, the institution of slavery became intertwined with the economy of the Americas and was deeply ingrained in society. It was a long answer to the question of how and why slavery persisted for so many years in the Americas.involved more women than fighting between European countries.
Slavery in the Americas did involve a significant number of women, both as enslaved people and as owners of slaves. Enslaved women were often used as domestic workers, and female slave owners were not uncommon. However, it is not accurate to say that slavery involved more women than fighting between European countries. This is an inaccurate comparison, as the two are unrelated topics.Conclusion: Slavery in the Americas was a complex institution that persisted for many years due to a variety of factors. It involved a significant number of women but cannot be compared to fighting between European countries.
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Flag XYZ Corp. is evaluating two projects. Project A has $50 thousand in up-front costs, and has after-tax cash flows of $10 thousand, $20 thousand, and $30 thousand during the first three years. Project B has $80 thousand in up-front costs, and has after-tax cash flows of $15 thousand, $30 thousand, and $50 thousand. The company’s WACC is 6%.
a. What is the IRR for project A?
b. what is the IRR for project B
c. if the projects are independent, should the company do either (or both) of them?
d. if the projects are mutually exclusive, which (if either) should do it
Please include the formula. Please do not include an answer that is already in Chegg?
a.The IRR for project A is ≈ 16.58%. ; b. The IRR for project B is ≈ 16.20%. ; c. the company should do Project A.
a. The formula to calculate IRR for project A is:
PV = CF1 / (1+IRR) + CF2 / (1+IRR)² + CF3 / (1+IRR)³ + Co / (1+IRR)³
Where
PV = present value
CF1, CF2, and CF3 = the cash flows in years 1, 2, and 3 respectively
Co = the upfront costs
IRR is the internal rate of return, the variable we are solving for.
We know that:
Co = $50,000
CF1 = $10,000
CF2 = $20,000
CF3 = $30,000
WACC = 6%
Thus, substituting the values into the formula: $50,000 = $10,000 / (1+IRR) + $20,000 / (1+IRR)² + $30,000 / (1+IRR)³ + $0 / (1+IRR)³
We can solve for IRR using the IRR function on a financial calculator or by trial and error. IRR ≈ 16.58%
b. We can use the same formula to calculate the IRR for project B.
Co = $80,000
CF1 = $15,000
CF2 = $30,000
CF3 = $50,000
WACC = 6%$80,000 = $15,000 / (1+IRR) + $30,000 / (1+IRR)² + $50,000 / (1+IRR)³ + $0 / (1+IRR)³IRR ≈ 16.20%
c. If the projects are independent, the company should do both projects as both have a higher IRR than the company's WACC. Both projects have a positive NPV, so both are profitable and worth doing.d. If the projects are mutually exclusive, we need to compare their NPVs at the WACC.
We can use the NPV formula:
NPV = CF0 + CF1 / (1+WACC) + CF2 / (1+WACC)² + CF3 / (1+WACC)³ - Co
CF0 is the present value of cash flows at time zero, which is $0 in this case.
Project A's NPV = $10,000 / (1+0.06) + $20,000 / (1+0.06)² + $30,000 / (1+0.06)³ - $50,000 = $6,967
Project B's NPV = $15,000 / (1+0.06) + $30,000 / (1+0.06)² + $50,000 / (1+0.06)³ - $80,000 = $3,104
Since Project A has a higher NPV, if the projects are mutually exclusive, the company should do Project A.
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