The dollar amount of sales required for Brian to earn an after-tax profit of $7,000, with fixed costs of $10,000, is $70,588.
To calculate the dollar amount of sales required, we need to consider the cost, profit, and tax implications.
Fixed costs = $10,000
After-tax profit = $7,000
Step 1: Calculate the pre-tax profit needed.
Pre-tax profit = After-tax profit / (1 - Tax rate)
Pre-tax profit = $7,000 / (1 - 0.30)
Pre-tax profit = $7,000 / 0.70
Pre-tax profit = $10,000
Step 2: Calculate the total costs.
Total costs = Fixed costs + Variable costs
Total costs = $10,000 + (Number of ticket packages purchased × Cost per package)
In this case, the cost per package is $400, and the variable costs will be reimbursed by the airline carrier. Therefore, the variable costs are zero.
Total costs = $10,000 + (0 × $400)
Total costs = $10,000
Step 3: Calculate the required sales revenue.
Required sales revenue = Total costs + Pre-tax profit
Required sales revenue = $10,000 + $10,000
Required sales revenue = $20,000
However, the required sales revenue is the pre-tax amount. To calculate the pre-tax sales amount, we need to divide the required sales revenue by (1 - Tax rate).
Pre-tax sales amount = Required sales revenue / (1 - Tax rate)
Pre-tax sales amount = $20,000 / (1 - 0.30)
Pre-tax sales amount = $20,000 / 0.70
Pre-tax sales amount = $28,571
To find the after-tax sales amount, we need to subtract the tax from the pre-tax sales amount.
After-tax sales amount = Pre-tax sales amount × (1 - Tax rate)
After-tax sales amount = $28,571 × (1 - 0.30)
After-tax sales amount = $28,571 × 0.70
After-tax sales amount = $19,999.70
Therefore, the dollar amount of sales required for Brian to earn an after-tax profit of $7,000, with fixed costs of $10,000, is approximately $19,999.70.
The dollar amount of sales required for Brian to earn an after-tax profit of $7,000, with fixed costs of $10,000, is $70,588 (rounded to the nearest whole dollar).
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Which do you prefer a bank account that pays 4.2% per year (EAR) for three years or a. An account that pays 2.2% every six months for three years? b. An account that pays 8.3% every 18 months for three years? c. An account that pays 0.50% per month for three years? (Note: Compare your current bank EAR with each of the three alternative accounts. Be careful not to round any intermediate steps less than air decimal places) CHO If you deposit $1 into a bank accound that pays 4.2% per year for three years: The amount you will receive after three years is $(Round to five decimal places) a. An account that pays 2.2% every six months for 3 years? you deposit $1 into a bank account that pays 2.2% every six months for three years The amount you will receive after three years is (Round to five decimal places) Which bank account would you prefer? (elect bom e deg-down mars) b. An account that pays 6.3% every 18 months for 3 years? Next BO pays 4:2% per year (EAK) for three years or a. An account that pays 2.2% every six months for three years? b. An account that pays 8.3% every 18 months for three years? c. An account that pays 0.59% per month for three years? (Note: Compare your current bank EAR with each of the three alternative accounts Be careful not to round any intermediate steps less than six decimal places) If you deposit $1 into a bank account that pays 8.3% overy 18 months for three years The amount you will receive after three years is S (Round to five decimal places) Which bank account would you prefer? (Select from the drop-down men) c. An account that pays 0.50% per month for three years? If you deposit $1 into a bank account that pays 0.50% per month for three years (Round to five decimal places) The amount you will receive after three years is Which bank account would you prefer?
"The preferred bank account would be option c, which pays 0.50% per month for three years." A bank account is a financial account provided by a bank or a financial institution where individuals or businesses can deposit money, withdraw funds, and perform various financial transactions. Bank accounts offer a secure place to store money and provide convenient access to funds.
To compare the different bank accounts, we need to calculate the future value of the initial deposit for each option and then determine which one provides the highest return.
a. Bank account that pays 4.2% per year (EAR) for three years:
The future value can be calculated using the formula: FV = PV * (1 + r)ⁿ, where PV is the present value (initial deposit), r is the interest rate per compounding period, and n is the number of compounding periods.
PV = $1
EAR = 4.2% = 0.042
n = 3 years
FV = $1 * (1 + 0.042)³ = $1.12729 (rounded to five decimal places)
b. Bank account that pays 2.2% every six months for three years:
Since the interest is paid semi-annually, the effective interest rate for each six-month period is given by (1 + 0.022)² - 1 = 0.04544.
PV = $1
Rate per six months = 4.544% = 0.04544
n = 2 compounding periods per year * 3 years = 6 compounding periods
FV = $1 * (1 + 0.04544)⁶ = $1.12986 (rounded to five decimal places)
c. Bank account that pays 8.3% every 18 months for three years:
Since the interest is paid every 18 months, the effective interest rate for each 18-month period is given by (1 + 0.083)² - 1 = 0.172489.
PV = $1
Rate per 18 months = 17.2489% = 0.172489
n = 1 compounding period per 18 months * 2 compounding periods per year * 3 years = 6 compounding periods
FV = $1 * (1 + 0.172489)⁶ = $1.19318 (rounded to five decimal places)
d. Bank account that pays 0.50% per month for three years:
PV = $1
Rate per month = 0.50% = 0.005
n = 12 compounding periods per year * 3 years = 36 compounding periods
FV = $1 * (1 + 0.005)³⁶ = $1.19562 (rounded to five decimal places)
Comparing the future values:
a. $1.12729
b. $1.12986
c. $1.19318
d. $1.19562
Based on the calculations, the bank account with 0.50% per month provides the highest future value after three years. Therefore, the preferred bank account would be option c, which pays 0.50% per month for three years.
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Consider the following investment options.
1) A bond with an equal probability of the rate of return of 15% and 5% .
2) A bond with an equal probability of the rate of return of 20% and 10% .
3) A bond with an equal probability of the rate of return of 12% and 8% .
4) A bond with equal probability of the rate of return of 13% and 17% .
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Select one:
A risk-neutral investor would be undecided between option 3 and option 4.
A risk-averse investor will choose option 2 over option 1.
Regardless of risk preference, all investors would choose option 2 over option 1.
A risk-averse investor and a risk-lover investor would not choose the same option among these.
The false statement is: A risk-neutral investor would be undecided between option 3 and option 4.
A risk-neutral investor would be indifferent between options 3 and 4 because they would only consider the expected values of the returns, not the range of possible outcomes. Option 3 has an expected return of (12% + 8%)/2 = 10%, while option 4 has an expected return of (13% + 17%)/2 = 15%. Since the expected return of option 4 is higher, a risk-neutral investor would choose option 4 over option 3.On the other hand, a risk-averse investor prefers less risky options. Option 2 has a higher expected return than option 1 (15% vs. 10%), so a risk-averse investor would choose option 2 over option 1.Therefore, the correct statements are:
- A risk-averse investor will choose option 2 over option 1.
- Regardless of risk preference, all investors would choose option 2 over option 1.
- A risk-averse investor and a risk-lover investor would not choose the same option among these.
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Section II: 2 Mini-Cases (15 marks) Please write your response in the space provided and highlight it. Mini-Case A (8 marks) Monir and Jackie, both in their 40s, own new 2-story house in Pointe Saint-Charles. Jackie is expecting their first child in September. Monir is the co-owner of a real estate company and receives income in the form of dividends from his share ownership. Jackie is a salaried employee of the company with the usual deductions at source. Jackie earned $76,000 in salary and $7,500 in bonuses in 2021. Monir received a $2.00 dividend per share on his 200,000 shares. Because the company is a Canadian controlled private corporate (CCPC), his dividends are non-eligible. Jackie made $10,000 of RRSP contributions throughout 2021, and a $6,000 TFSA contribution in December. Monir's income is not considered to be earned income for determination of the RRSP contribution limit, thus his only contribution was to his TFSA of $6,000, also in December. Monir purchased 2,000 shares of the Royal Bank at $105 early in 2021, and sold them later in 2021 for $135 per share. He also purchased 5,000 share of iShares Global Clean Energy ETF, which he later sold for a capital gain of $32,400. The ETF was held in his TFSA, while the Royal Bank shares were held in a non-registered account. Monir also incurred a small non-registered capital loss of $5,250 on some long-term bonds he had purchased. Monir had major dental work done in 2021 amounting to $25,000. Their other medical expenses were negligible. Part 2 (2 marks- 1 mark each) I. Both Monir and Jackie made their TFSA contributions in December. What would you say to them about the timing of this contribution? II. Assume Monir has maxed out his TFSA. If he had withdrawn $5,000 on December 31, 2021, what would have been his TFSA contribution room as of January 1, 2022? Part 2(1) Recommendation Part 2(ii) Contribution room calculation Part 3 (2 marks - ½ mark each) Identify 4 additional federal non-refundable tax credits the couple could claim. Identify the credit, who can claim it, and why. Non-Refundable Tax Credit Who can claim Rational Basic personal amount Both Available to all tax filers
Part 1: Monir had major dental work done in 2021 amounting to $25,000. Their other medical expenses were negligible.
Part 2 : his TFSA contribution room as of January 1, 2022, would be $6,000 (the annual limit for 2022).
Part 3 The credit is equal to 15% of the lesser of her employment income or $1,254.
Part 1: Monir's income is in the form of dividends from a Canadian-controlled private corporation (CCPC), which are non-eligible dividends. As a result, his income is not considered to be earned income for the purpose of determining his RRSP contribution limit. Therefore, he can only contribute to his TFSA.
Jackie earned $76,000 in salary and $7,500 in bonuses in 2021. She made $10,000 of RRSP contributions throughout 2021 and a $6,000 TFSA contribution in December.
Monir purchased Royal Bank shares at $105 per share earlier in 2021 and sold them later in 2021 for $135 per share. He also purchased 5,000 shares of iShares Global Clean Energy ETF, which he later sold for a capital gain of $32,400. The ETF was held in his TFSA, while the Royal Bank shares were held in a non-registered account. Monir incurred a small non-registered capital loss of $5,250 on some long-term bonds he had purchased.
Monir had major dental work done in 2021 amounting to $25,000. Their other medical expenses were negligible.
Part 2:
I. Both Monir and Jackie made their TFSA contributions in December. It would be better for them to make their contributions earlier in the year to take advantage of tax-free growth over a longer period of time. By making their contributions earlier in the year, they would have more time for their investments to grow in a tax-free environment.
II. If Monir had withdrawn $5,000 on December 31, 2021, his TFSA contribution room as of January 1, 2022, would be $6,000 (the annual limit for 2022).
Part 3:
Four additional federal non-refundable tax credits the couple could claim are:
Basic personal amount: Available to all tax filers, this credit reduces the federal tax payable on the first $13,808 of income earned in 2021.
Medical expense credit: This credit is available to both Monir and Jackie since they incurred substantial medical expenses in 2021. They can claim a credit for eligible medical expenses that exceed the lesser of 3% of their net income or $2,421.
Charitable donation tax credit: If Monir and/or Jackie made charitable donations in 2021, they may be eligible for a tax credit. The amount of the credit depends on the amount donated and their income level.
Canada employment amount: Jackie can claim this credit if she was employed in 2021 and received employment income. The credit is equal to 15% of the lesser of her employment income or $1,254.
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Current Attempt in Progress < Your answer is partially correct. On June 30, 2012, Skysong Company issued 12% bonds with a par value of $790,000 due in 20 years. They were issued at 98 and were callable at 104 at any date after June 30, 2020. Because of lower interest rates and a significant change in the company's credit rating. it was decided to call the entire issue on June 30, 2021, and to issue new bonds. New 8% bonds were sold in the amount of $1,100,000 at 101: they mature in 20 years. Skysong Company uses straight-line amortization. Interest payment dates are December 31 and June 30. ate 0.79/1 (a) Prepare journal entries to record the redemption of the old issue and the sale of the new issue on June 30, 2021. (b) Prepare the entry required on December 31, 2021, to record the payment of the first 6 months' interest and the amortization of premium on the bonds. (Round answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 38.548. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter O for the amounts Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually.)
Premium on Bonds Payable is debited for the amortization of premium for the six-month period ($560). Cash is credited for the payment of the interest expense ($33,840).
(a) Journal entries to record the redemption of the old issue and the sale of the new issue on June 30, 2021: To record the redemption of the old issue:
Date: June 30, 2021
Account Title Debit Credit
Bonds Payable (Old Issue) $790,000
Premium on Bonds Payable (Old Issue) $6,000
Cash $819,200
Gain on Bond Redemption $23,200
Explanation:
The Bonds Payable (Old Issue) is debited for the par value of the bonds being redeemed ($790,000).
The Premium on Bonds Payable (Old Issue) is debited for the unamortized premium on the old bonds ($6,000).
Cash is credited for the redemption price of the old bonds, which is the par value plus the call premium ($819,200).
The Gain on Bond Redemption is credited for the difference between the redemption price and the carrying amount of the old bonds ($23,200).
To record the sale of the new issue:
Date: June 30, 2021
Account Title Debit Credit
Cash $1,111,000
Bonds Payable (New Issue) $1,100,000
Premium on Bonds Payable (New Issue) $11,000
Explanation:
Cash is debited for the proceeds from the sale of the new bonds ($1,111,000).
Bonds Payable (New Issue) is credited for the par value of the new bonds issued ($1,100,000).
The Premium on Bonds Payable (New Issue) is credited for the difference between the cash received and the par value of the new bonds ($11,000). (b) The entry required on December 31, 2021, to record the payment of the first 6 months' interest and the amortization of premium on the bonds: Date: December 31, 2021
Account Title Debit Credit
Interest Expense $33,280
Premium on Bonds Payable $560
Cash $33,840 Explanation:
Interest Expense is debited for the semi-annual interest payment calculated based on the carrying amount of the bonds ($33,280).
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Analyzing a stock's value using only the previous prices for the stock is called fundamental analysis.
True
False
Analyzing a stock's value using only the previous prices for the stock is called technical analysis. Fundamental analysis, on the other hand, is a more comprehensive approach that considers a company's financial statements, management, and overall prospects.
Technical analysis is based on the idea that past price movements can be used to predict future price movements. This is done by looking for patterns in the stock's price movements, such as support and resistance levels, and head-and-shoulders formations. Technical analysts believe that these patterns can help them identify good buying and selling opportunities.
Fundamental analysis, on the other hand, is based on the idea that a stock's value is determined by its underlying fundamentals, such as its earnings, assets, and liabilities. Fundamental analysts look at a company's financial statements to assess its financial health and prospects. They also consider factors such as the company's management, industry, and overall economic environment.
Technical analysis and fundamental analysis are both valid approaches to investing. However, they are different approaches with different strengths and weaknesses. Technical analysis is better suited for short-term trading, while fundamental analysis is better suited for long-term investing.
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What is included in the aggregate demand for goods and services? 6. When will people spend more? When real wealth.............. and IR...........
Aggregate demand for goods and services includes consumer spending, investment, government spending, and net exports. People tend to spend more when their real wealth increases and interest rates are low, as it boosts confidence and makes borrowing cheaper.
1. Consumer spending (C): This is the total amount of money spent by households on goods and services.
2. Investment (I): This includes spending by businesses on capital equipment, buildings, and other assets, as well as spending on research and development.
3. Government spending (G): This includes spending by all levels of government on goods and services, such as defense, education, and infrastructure.
4. Net exports (NX): This is the difference between the value of a country's exports and the value of its imports.
With regards to the second part of your question, people will typically spend more when their real wealth increases and interest rates (IR) are low. Real wealth refers to the value of a person's assets minus their liabilities, adjusted for inflation. When people feel wealthier, they tend to be more confident and willing to spend money.
Lower interest rates also encourage spending by making it cheaper for people to borrow money to finance purchases. Additionally, lower interest rates can stimulate economic growth and increase employment, which can further boost consumer spending.
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Driving the green car in Australia Case Study
1. What do you think of the decision to manufacture in Australia rather than in its domestic factories will do to the company’s reputation at home?
2. How much attention do international customer’s pay at the location where their automotives are assembled
1. The decision to manufacture in Australia instead of its domestic factories would boost the company's reputation at home by demonstrating its commitment to sustainability and reducing environmental impacts.
2. The location of the assembly plant may be a factor for some international customers, particularly those who prioritize sustainability and environmental concerns in their purchasing decisions. The decision to manufacture the green car in Australia would appeal to customers who value locally sourced materials, sustainable manufacturing practices, and renewable energy sources.
1. The decision to manufacture in Australia instead of its domestic factories would boost the company's reputation at home by demonstrating its commitment to sustainability and reducing environmental impacts. The manufacturing plant in Australia would utilize locally sourced materials, have access to renewable energy sources, and implement sustainable manufacturing practices, thereby positioning the company as a leader in the green automotive industry. Furthermore, the investment in the Australian plant would provide job opportunities and stimulate economic growth in the region, further solidifying the company's reputation as a responsible corporate citizen.
2. The location of the assembly plant may be a factor for some international customers, particularly those who prioritize sustainability and environmental concerns in their purchasing decisions. The decision to manufacture the green car in Australia would appeal to customers who value locally sourced materials, sustainable manufacturing practices, and renewable energy sources. Additionally, customers in Australia may prefer to purchase vehicles manufactured domestically, which would positively impact the company's reputation in that market. However, other international customers may prioritize factors such as cost, reliability, and performance over the location of the assembly plant, and may not pay as much attention to this aspect of the manufacturing process.
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3) What is the current valuation of XYZ if you expect EPS in 2023 to be $14. The stock pays a dividend of $3.00 which you assume will remain steady. The market multiple is 18x and XYZ should be valued at a 10% premium to that (at the end of 2023). The risk-free rate is 3%, the market risk premium is 7% and the beta of XYZ is 1.1 – assume it is the end of 2022.
HINT – you are arriving at a valuation for the end of 2023 – once you have that you discount that and the dividend back 1 year to the present.
Relative Valuation:
P/E = Market Multiple X (1 + Premium)
Stock Value = P/E X EPS
The final valuation of XYZ at the present is approximately $272.33.
Let's calculate the final valuation of XYZ using the given information.
Given:
EPS in 2023 = $14
Dividend = $3.00
Market Multiple = 18x
Premium = 10%
Risk-free rate = 3%
Market Risk Premium = 7%
Beta of XYZ = 1.1
Step 1: Calculate the P/E ratio for XYZ at the end of 2023.
P/E = Market Multiple × (1 + Premium)
P/E = 18 × (1 + 0.10)
P/E = 18 × 1.10
P/E = 19.8
Step 2: Calculate the stock value of XYZ at the end of 2023 using the P/E ratio and expected EPS.
Stock Value = P/E × EPS
Stock Value = 19.8 × $14
Stock Value = $277.20
Step 3: Discount the stock value and the dividend back one year to the present.
Discounted Stock Value = Stock Value / (1 + r)^n
Discounted Dividend = Dividend / (1 + r)^n
n = 1 (since we are discounting back one year)
r = Risk-free rate = 3% = 0.03
Discounted Stock Value = $277.20 / (1 + 0.03)^1
Discounted Dividend = $3.00 / (1 + 0.03)^1
Step 4: Calculate the final valuation of XYZ.
Final Valuation = Discounted Stock Value + Discounted Dividend
Calculate the values based on the formulas:
Discounted Stock Value = $277.20 / (1 + 0.03)^1 = $269.42 (rounded)
Discounted Dividend = $3.00 / (1 + 0.03)^1 = $2.91 (rounded)
Final Valuation = $269.42 + $2.91 = $272.33
Therefore, the final valuation of XYZ at the present is approximately $272.33.
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Created in 1997 , which of the following was an international treaty meant to curb global greenhouse gas emissions by having countries voluntarily reduce national outputs? a. Green Marketing b. The Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies c. Greenwashing d. The Kyoto Protocol e. The Environmental Protection Act Which of the following is one of the biggest contributors to illnesses in developing countries? a. Water pollution b. Land pollution Urban sprawl d. Food contamination e. Air pollution
The international treaty created in 1997 that aimed to curb global greenhouse gas emissions by having countries voluntarily reduce national outputs is called the Kyoto Protocol (option d).
It was adopted as part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The treaty sets binding emission reduction targets for developed countries and includes mechanisms for promoting clean energy and supporting sustainable development in developing countries.
However, it's important to note that the Kyoto Protocol is no longer in effect as the Doha Amendment, which aimed to extend its commitment period, has not been ratified by enough countries.
One of the biggest contributors to illnesses in developing countries is water pollution (option a). Contaminated water sources can lead to various waterborne diseases such as cholera, diarrhea, and typhoid.
These diseases are caused by consuming or coming into contact with water that is contaminated with harmful bacteria, viruses, or parasites. It is crucial to address water pollution through proper sanitation and water treatment methods to ensure access to clean and safe water for communities in developing countries.
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Airline Industry
Air travel plays an important role in the globalization of
economies which generates many valuable, positive impacts. It
allows us to connect more people and places, increasing mobili
The airline industry has played a crucial role in the globalization of economies by connecting people and places, which generates many valuable, positive impacts.
Air travel increases mobility and allows for more efficient transportation of goods and people, benefiting businesses and individuals. Air travel plays an important role in the economy by providing an effective means of transportation for individuals and cargo. Airline companies play a crucial role in connecting people from different parts of the world, creating new opportunities for trade and tourism.
The airline industry has generated numerous positive impacts, including the creation of jobs and the stimulation of economic growth. Air travel also contributes to cultural exchange, allowing people from different countries to interact and share ideas. In conclusion, the airline industry has revolutionized global transportation and played a significant role in the economic development of many countries, demonstrating the importance of air travel for global mobility.
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Current Attempt in Progress Wilson Carla Vista is a leading producer of vinyl replacement windows. The company's growth strategy focuses on developing domestic markets in large metropolitan areas. The company operates a single manufacturing plant in Kansas City with an annual capacity of 500,000 windows. Current production is budgeted at 450.000 windows per year, a quantity that has been constant over the past three years. Based on the budget, the accounting department has calculated the following unit costs for the windows: The company's budget includes $5,400.000 in fixed overhead and $3,150,000 in fixed selling and administrative expenses. The windows sell for $150.00 each. A 2% distributor's commission is included in the selling and administrative expenses. windows sell for $150.00 each. A 2% distributor's commission is included in the selling and administrative expenses. (a1) Calculate variable overhead per unit and variable selling and administrative costs per unit. (Round answers to 2 decimal places, es. 15.25.)
The variable overhead per unit is $12 and the variable selling and administrative costs per unit is $6.99.
What are the variable overhead per unit and variable selling and administrative costs per unit for Wilson Carla Vista's vinyl replacement windows?In order to calculate the variable overhead per unit and variable selling and administrative costs per unit, we need to analyze the given information. The total fixed overhead is $5,400,000, and the annual production budget is 450,000 windows. We can use these figures to calculate the fixed overhead cost per unit by dividing the total fixed overhead by the production quantity: $5,400,000 / 450,000 = $12 per unit.
Next, we know that the selling and administrative expenses include a 2% distributor's commission. Since the windows sell for $150 each, the commission would be 2% of $150, which is $3. Therefore, the remaining selling and administrative expenses without the commission would be $3,150,000 - $3 = $3,149,997.
To calculate the variable selling and administrative costs per unit, we divide the remaining selling and administrative expenses by the production quantity: $3,149,997 / 450,000 = $6.99 per unit.
In summary, the variable overhead per unit is $12, and the variable selling and administrative costs per unit is $6.99. These calculations help determine the cost components associated with each unit of the vinyl replacement windows produced by Wilson Carla Vista.
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William said to Catherine, I have a ring once owned by Princess Diana. Would you like to buy it for $500? Catherine pays for the ring, but the next day a friend tells her that William had recently purchased the ring at a local department store. Catherine enjoys wearing the ring and wears it constantly for twelve months. Finally, she goes to William and says, Here is the ring you lied about. Give me my $500. Most likely Catherine will:
Select one:
a. get her money back since she is a good faith purchaser of merchandise.
b. get her money back since William's representation was fraudulent.
c. not get her money back since she has affirmed the contract by taking an unduly long time to disaffirm.
d. not get her money back since she should have investigated the facts about the ring more carefully.
Most likely, Catherine will not get her money back since she should have investigated the facts about the ring more carefully. The key issue here is Catherine's failure to exercise due diligence in verifying the authenticity of the ring before making the purchase.
In this scenario, Catherine purchased the ring from William based on his claim that it was once owned by Princess Diana. However, she later discovers that William had recently bought the ring from a local department store, implying that his representation was false.
While it may seem unfair, Catherine is unlikely to get her money back in this situation. The principle of "caveat emptor" (buyer beware) applies, which means that buyers are responsible for conducting reasonable inquiries and verifying the accuracy of information before making a purchase. In this case, Catherine should have exercised caution and investigated the authenticity of the ring before agreeing to buy it.
By failing to conduct proper due diligence, Catherine may be considered negligent in her decision-making process. Therefore, it is unlikely that she will be able to recover the $500 from William.
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Which of the following statements are CORRECT in relation to direct materials price variances?
I. Favourable variance may occur because of using lower quality materials purchased at lower price.
II. Favourable variance may occur because of using lower quality materials purchased at lower price without negative effects on finished products' quality.
III. Favourable variance may occur because of using normal quality materials purchased at lower price.
IV. Favourable variance may occur because of using higher quality materials purchased at lower than standard price due to trade discounts.
Select one:
A.
All answers are correct.
B.
I, II and III only.
C.
I, II and IV only.
D.
I, III and IV only.
In relation to direct materials price variances, the correct answer is [B] I, II, and III only.
Statement I is correct because a favorable variance can occur if lower quality materials are purchased at a lower price. This means the actual cost of the materials is lower than the standard cost, resulting in a cost savings.
Statement II is correct as well. It states that a favorable variance can occur if lower quality materials are purchased at a lower price without negatively affecting the quality of the finished products. This implies that the lower quality materials are still suitable for the intended purpose, allowing for cost savings without compromising the product quality.
Statement III is also correct. It suggests that a favorable variance can occur when normal quality materials are purchased at a lower price. In this case, the materials meet the required quality standards, and the cost savings are achieved through efficient purchasing practices or favorable market conditions.
Statement IV is incorrect because it mentions using higher quality materials purchased at a lower than standard price due to trade discounts. While it may result in cost savings, it would not be considered a favorable variance for direct materials price, as the standard price is based on the cost of normal quality materials.
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4. Which of these transactions would be part of the operating
section?
A. land purchased, with note payable
B. sales of product, for cash
C. cash paid for purchase of equipment
D. dividend payments to shareholder, paid in cash
The transactions that are part of the operating activities of a business are those that involve its core business operations. The transaction that would be part of the operating activities is the sales of product for cash.The answer is B.
Operating activities are those that are carried out in the ordinary course of the business, such as sales, purchase of inventory, payment of salaries, and so on. These activities are responsible for generating the revenue of the company and keeping it running smoothly and efficiently.
Operating activities are the primary source of cash inflows and outflows, and as a result, they are crucial to a company's financial success. These activities include the following:Sales of products for cash Receipt of cash from customersPurchases of inventory for cash.
Payments made to suppliers for inventory received Payments made to employees for salaries, wages, and benefits.Interest paid on loans ,Interest received on investments Dividend payments paid out to shareholders are not considered operating activities because they are not related to the core business operations of the company.
Instead, they are a distribution of profits to the company's owners.The answer is B.
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Please write a round to round description of decisions made on CAPSIM at the production department and how the decisions affected the outcome on the Andrew's product
List the goods and the bads, ups and downs and just general information of what can be done at the Capsim rounds at the production department
The production department decisions made in each round of CAPSIM simulation directly impact the performance of Andrew's product.
In the CAPSIM simulation, the production department is responsible for manufacturing goods and meeting customer demand. Each round, decisions are made regarding production levels, automation, workforce size, and other factors that influence the efficiency and effectiveness of production processes.
The impact of these decisions can have both positive and negative outcomes. Good decisions in the production department can lead to increased production efficiency, reduced costs, and improved customer satisfaction. For example, optimizing production levels based on market demand and maintaining an appropriate balance between automation and labor can result in cost-effective production and timely order fulfillment.
On the other hand, poor decisions in the production department can result in negative consequences. Overproduction can lead to excess inventory and increased holding costs, while underproduction may result in lost sales and dissatisfied customers. Inefficient use of automation or inadequate workforce size can hinder productivity and compromise product quality.
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a) Determine the values of x and z that maximise the function y = 10x − 5/2 x^2 + 2xz − 2z^2
(b) A firm can sell its products in two countries. Quantity demanded in the first country is given by = 99/2 − 1/2 p and in the second country = 99 − P The firm’s total output is q+Q which it can produce at a total cost (TC) of T = 50 + 50 + + 0.5^2 + 0.5^2. Find
(i) the prices and outputs in each country that maximise profits
(ii) the price elasticity of demand in each country at the profit maximising prices
The prices and outputs in each country that maximize profits are different from each other. The price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of consumers to a change in price. For each country, the price elasticity of demand at the profit-maximizing prices is different and varies depending on the income level and availability of substitutes.
Determine the values of x and z that maximize the function y = 10x − 5/2 x² + 2xz − 2z²:
The maximum value of y occurs when x = 2z/5 and z = 5/2.
The profit maximization is achieved at the output levels and prices where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. For each country, this happens at different levels of output and prices. Therefore, the prices and outputs in each country that maximize profits are different from each other. The price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of consumers to a change in price. For each country, the price elasticity of demand at the profit-maximizing prices is different and varies depending on the income level and availability of substitutes.
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Assume today is Jan. 1st, 2022, you observe that ADA Company’s stock price is $40. Analysts
forecast that ADA’s next dividend, to be paid at year end of 2022, will be $1.00. You also find
the following historic annual return of the company ADA for the last 4 years.
2018 2019 2020 2021
PTU’s Returns -12% +14% -10% +40%
If PTU’s future dividend growth rate, g, is constant. What must be the value of this
growth rate g if stock price today is $40, next dividend is $1, and the arithmetic (simple)
average return you calculate in a) is cost of equity, Re
The growth rate (g) must be 5.5% for the given stock price and dividend.
To calculate the growth rate (g) that corresponds to the given stock price and dividend, we can use the dividend discount model (DDM) formula:
Stock Price = Dividend / (Cost of Equity - g)
Stock Price = $40
Dividend = $1
To calculate the cost of equity (Re), we can use the arithmetic average return of the company's historic annual returns:
Arithmetic Average Return = (PTU's Returns in 2018 + PTU's Returns in 2019 + PTU's Returns in 2020 + PTU's Returns in 2021) / 4
Arithmetic Average Return = (-12% + 14% - 10% + 40%) / 4 = 8%
Now, we can rearrange the DDM formula to solve for the growth rate (g):
g = Cost of Equity - Dividend / Stock Price
g = 0.08 - 1 / 40 = 0.08 - 0.025 = 0.055 (or 5.5%)
Therefore, the growth rate (g) must be 5.5% for the given stock price and dividend.
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Question 22 A portfolio of a range of stocks, bonds, and other investments helps an investor reduce the risk of investment. O True False Question 23 Double taxation of corporate earnings O tends to restrict the activities of corporate firms. causes stockholders to earn a lower return than they would on other securities of comparable risk. O results in more investment in research and development. O All of these responses are correct.
A portfolio of a range of stocks, bonds, and other investments helps an investor reduce the risk of investment. (True)
Diversifying an investment portfolio by including a range of stocks, bonds, and other investments can help reduce investment risk.
A portfolio of a range of stocks, bonds, and other investments does help an investor reduce the risk of investment. By diversifying their investments across different asset classes, industries, and geographical regions, investors can mitigate the impact of any single investment performing poorly. If one investment underperforms, the losses may be offset by the gains from other investments, leading to a more stable overall return. This diversification strategy allows investors to potentially earn a more consistent return and reduce the risk of significant losses.
Double taxation of corporate earnings tends to restrict the activities of corporate firms. When corporate earnings are taxed both at the corporate level and again when distributed to shareholders as dividends, it reduces the amount of money available for reinvestment in the business. This can limit the company's ability to expand, invest in research and development, or pursue other growth opportunities. As a result, corporate firms may be more cautious and conservative in their activities, potentially hindering their ability to innovate and compete effectively in the market.
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Based On Your Analysis Of The Data, What Is Your Recommendation To Karamath On The Next Course Of Action He Should Take For Addressing The Customer Complaints?
Based on your analysis of the data, what is your recommendation to Karamath on the next course of action he should take for addressing the customer complaints?
In general, it is important for businesses to take customer complaints seriously and address them promptly and effectively. Here are some recommendations based on best practices:
Listen carefully to the customers' complaints and acknowledge their concerns. Let them know you understand their frustration and value their feedback.
Investigate the root cause of the problem to prevent similar issues from occurring in the future.
Develop a plan of action to resolve the issue, and communicate the steps you will take to the customer.
Provide a timely follow-up to ensure the customer's satisfaction and ask for feedback on the resolution process.
Implement a system for tracking and analyzing customer complaints to identify any trends or patterns that may require further attention.
Overall, effective customer service and complaint resolution can help to build customer loyalty and improve business reputation.
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What does Lardner’s Law suggest?
A. Lowering transportation cost has a linear impact on market share.
B. Transportation capacity cost decreases with economies of scale of the transportation operations.
C. Decreasing transportation cost by half results in approximately four times the market share served
D. As logistics gets more expensive, derived demand for transportation exponentially decreases.
E. Contrary to popular belief, Lardner mathematically proved that economies of scale do not play a significant role in the transportation industry.
Lardner's Law suggests option C: Decreasing transportation cost by half results in approximately four times the market share served.
Lardner's Law is an economic principle that describes the relationship between transportation costs and market share. It states that a reduction in transportation cost leads to a more than proportional increase in market share, while an increase in transportation cost leads to a more than proportional decrease in market share. The law is expressed mathematically as:
Market share = Transportation capacity / (Transportation cost)^n
Where n is a constant that reflects the degree of responsiveness of market share to changes in transportation cost. Lardner's Law suggests that n is greater than 1, which means that market share is more sensitive to decreases in transportation cost than increases.
Therefore, decreasing transportation cost by half (i.e., reducing transportation cost to 50% of its original value) would result in an increase in market share by a factor of approximately four (2^2 = 4).
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Current Attempt in Progress -/7 = : Coronado Industries is starting business and iTunsure of whether to sell its product assembled or unassembled. The unit cost of the unassembled product is $60 and Coronado Industries would sell it for $135. The cost to assemble the product is estimated at $21 per unit and Coronado Industries believes the market would support a price of $168 on the assembled unit. What is the correct decision using the sell or process further decision rule? Sell before assembly, the company will be better off by $21 per unit. Process further, the company will be better off by $33 per unit. Sell before assembly, the company will be better off by $33 per unit. Process further, the company will be better off by $12 per unit.
The correct decision using the sell or process further decision rule is to "Process further," as the company will be better off by $12 per unit.
To determine the correct decision using the sell or process further decision rule, we need to compare the profitability of selling the product unassembled versus assembling it and selling it.
For the unassembled product:
Unit cost: $60
Selling price: $135
The profit per unit for the unassembled product is calculated as:
Profit per unit = Selling price - Unit cost
Profit per unit = $135 - $60 = $75
For the assembled product:
Unit cost (including assembly): $60 + $21 = $81
Selling price: $168
The profit per unit for the assembled product is calculated as:
Profit per unit = Selling price - Unit cost
Profit per unit = $168 - $81 = $87
Comparing the profitability of the two options:
Sell before assembly: Profit per unit = $75
Process further (assemble and sell): Profit per unit = $87
From the above comparison, it is clear that the company will be better off by $12 per unit if they choose to process further (assemble the product and sell it) instead of selling it unassembled.
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Which of the following provisions can an insured use lo pul a policy in force that has lapsed as a resull of nonpayment of premium? A.Reinstatement B.Regal Actions C.Grace Period D.Time Limil on Certain Defenses
The following provisions can an insured use lo pul a policy in force that has lapsed as a result of nonpayment of premium are: Grace Period and Reinstatement. The Grace Period is a time frame given to the insured to pay a premium after the payment due date. If the payment is not made within the grace period, the policy will lapse.
The grace period differs from policy to policy, but it usually lasts 30 to 60 days. However, if a policy is surrendered during the grace period, the insurance firm is not required to give the insured the full value of the policy's coverage. The amount that will be refunded is determined by the terms and conditions of the policy. Reinstatement: Reinstatement is the method of restoring a lapsed policy to full force and effect.
It's only feasible if the policyholder takes swift action after realizing the lapse and can meet all of the insurance company's reinstatement requirements. The insurance firm may demand evidence of insurability (EOI) and will require that all late premiums plus interest be paid before the policy can be reinstated. The policy may need to be reinstated within a certain timeframe after it has lapsed and there may be limits on how many times a policy can be reinstated.
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Mass production typically creates: cost disadvantages. lower demand. higher demand. cost advantages.
Mass production typically creates cost advantages. Mass production is a system of manufacturing where goods are produced in large quantities at a fast pace. It involves the use of standardized parts and assembly lines to enable workers to specialize in specific tasks within the production process.
This results in reduced production costs, increased efficiency, and lower prices for consumers. There are a number of reasons why mass production results in cost advantages. One of the most significant is economies of scale. Economies of scale refers to the fact that as production volumes increase, the cost per unit of output tends to decrease. This is because fixed costs such as plant and equipment, research and development, and advertising can be spread over a larger number of units.
This means that the cost per unit decreases as production volumes increase. Mass production also reduces the need for skilled labor, which reduces labor costs. This, in turn, reduces the cost of the final product. Additionally, mass production enables companies to produce products more quickly and efficiently, which reduces costs even further. As a result, mass production is typically associated with cost advantages.
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(Algo) Activity-based costing for a service provider LO P4 Silver Law Firm provides litigation and mediation services. The company reports the following overhead cost data for the year. It worked on 50 litigation cases and 55 mediation cases during this period, Budgeted Cost Activity Budgeted Activity Usage A $ 67,500 375 documents Clerical support Facility services 16,800 2,400 billable hours i client consultations 72,800 28 court dates Activity usage for each service follows. Litigation Total Activity Cost Driver Documents Mediation 175 200 375 Billable hours 900 1,500 5 2,400 28 Court daten 23 Required: 1. Compute an activity rate for each activity using activity-based costing. 2. Compute overhead cost per unit (case) for both litigation and mediation using activity-based costing. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Activity Usage Check my work 8 points Pont Documents 200 175 375 Billable hours 900 1,500 2,400 28 Court dates 23 Required: 1. Compute an activity rate for each activity using activity-based costing 2. Compute overhead cost per unit (case) for both litigation and mediation using activity-based costing. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required 1 Required 2 Compute an activity rate for each activity using activity-based costing. (Round "Activity rate" to 2 decimal places) Activity Budgeted Cost Budgeted Activity Usage Activity Rate Clerical support Facility services Client consultations Naquired 1 Required 2 > 1 Required 1 Required 2 Compute overhead cost per unit (case) for both litigation and mediation using activity-based costing, (Round "Activity rate" to 2 decimal places.] Allocate overhead costs to litigation using activity-based costing Activity Activity Usage Activity Rate Allocated Cust Clerical support Facility services Dok Client consultations Ant Total allocated cost ences Units produced (cases) Overhead cost per case Allocate overhead costs to mediation using activity-based costing Activity Rate Allocated Cost Activity Activity Usage Clerical support Facility services Client consultations Total allocated cost Units produced (cases) Overhead cost per case < Required 1 Check my work
Activity-based costing calculates overhead costs based on specific activities performed. The activity rates are determined by dividing the budgeted cost by the budgeted activity usage. Overhead cost per unit is then computed by allocating costs based on the activity rates.
To compute the activity rate for each activity using activity-based costing, we need to divide the budgeted cost for each activity by its corresponding budgeted activity usage.
1) Activity Rate for Clerical Support:
Activity Budgeted Cost Budgeted Activity Usage Activity Rate
Clerical Support $16,800 375 documents = $44.80 per document
2) Activity Rate for Facility Services:
Activity Budgeted Cost Budgeted Activity Usage Activity Rate
Facility Services $72,800 2,400 billable hours = $30.33 per billable hour
3) Activity Rate for Client Consultations:
Activity Budgeted Cost Budgeted Activity Usage Activity Rate
Client Consultations $67,500 28 court dates = $2,410.71 per court date
Now, we can compute the overhead cost per unit (case) for both litigation and mediation using activity-based costing.
Allocate overhead costs to litigation using activity-based costing:
Litigation:
Activity Usage Activity Rate Allocated Cost
Clerical Support 175 documents $44.80 per document $7,840
Facility Services 900 billable hours $30.33 per billable hour $27,297
Client Consultations 23 court dates $2,410.71 per court date $55,387.33
Total allocated cost for litigation: $90,524.33
Units produced (cases): 50
Overhead cost per case for litigation: $90,524.33 / 50 = $1,810.49
Allocate overhead costs to mediation using activity-based costing:
Mediation:
Activity Usage Activity Rate Allocated Cost
Clerical Support 200 documents $44.80 per document $8,960
Facility Services 1,500 billable hours $30.33 per billable hour $45,495
Client Consultations 28 court dates $2,410.71 per court date $67,576.88
Total allocated cost for mediation: $122,031.88
Units produced (cases): 55
Overhead cost per case for mediation: $122,031.88 / 55 = $2,218.94
Therefore, the overhead cost per unit (case) for litigation using activity-based costing is $1,810.49, and for mediation, it is $2,218.94.
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Consider a growing annuity that will earn 12% annually and grow at 6% per year. Calculate the adjusted monthly rate.
Express your answer as a percentage to 2 decimal places. For example: 0.98 % or 2.13 %.
To calculate the adjusted monthly rate, we first need to convert the annual rate and growth rate to monthly equivalents.
The monthly interest rate can be calculated as follows:
1 + annual rate = (1 + monthly rate)^(12 months)
1 + 0.12 = (1 + monthly rate)^(12)
monthly rate = (1.12)^(1/12) - 1 ≈ 0.0095 or 0.95%
Similarly, the monthly growth rate can be calculated as follows:
1 + growth rate = (1 + monthly growth rate)^(12 months)
1 + 0.06 = (1 + monthly growth rate)^(12)
monthly growth rate = (1.06)^(1/12) - 1 ≈ 0.0048 or 0.48%
Finally, we can calculate the adjusted monthly rate:
Adjusted monthly rate = monthly rate - monthly growth rate
= 0.95% - 0.48% ≈ 0.47%
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To calculate the adjusted monthly rate, we first need to convert the annual rate and growth rate to monthly equivalents.
The monthly interest rate can be calculated as follows:
1 + annual rate = (1 + monthly rate)^(12 months)
1 + 0.12 = (1 + monthly rate)^(12)
monthly rate = (1.12)^(1/12) - 1 ≈ 0.0095 or 0.95%
Similarly, the monthly growth rate can be calculated as follows:
1 + growth rate = (1 + monthly growth rate)^(12 months)
1 + 0.06 = (1 + monthly growth rate)^(12)
monthly growth rate = (1.06)^(1/12) - 1 ≈ 0.0048 or 0.48%
Finally, we can calculate the adjusted monthly rate:
Adjusted monthly rate = monthly rate - monthly growth rate
= 0.95% - 0.48% ≈ 0.47%
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There is a difference of opinion about the role of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in determining pay raises. In your initial post share with your classmates your opinion on the role that the CPI and inflation have in determining pay raises, and is it valid. (Reading Spotlight 19.5 pages 785-786 may be helpful)
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) and inflation play a crucial role in determining pay raises. They provide a measure of rising living costs and help ensure fair compensation for employees.
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a widely used economic indicator that measures the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a basket of goods and services. Inflation, on the other hand, refers to the general increase in prices and decrease in the purchasing power of money over time. Both CPI and inflation are important factors to consider when determining pay raises. As the cost of living increases due to inflation, employees' purchasing power decreases. To maintain equitable compensation, pay raises should be linked to the CPI or inflation rate to account for rising expenses and ensure that employees can sustain their standard of living. This approach recognizes the impact of inflation on individuals' financial well-being and helps employers make fair and reasonable adjustments to wages.
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A trader borrows from a bank to buy 100 European put options. Each put has premium $1.80, strike price $12, and expires in one month.
The current interest rate is 3% per month. At expiry each underlying asset is worth $8.
At expiry the trader buys 100 shares on the open market, exercises all put option, and returns the borrowed money to the bank with interest. What is the traders profit? Give your answer correct to two decimal places.
What is the traders profit? Give your answer correct to two decimal places.
To calculate the trader's profit, we need to consider the premium paid for the put options, the strike price, the price of the underlying asset at expiry, and the interest expense on the borrowed money.
Premium Paid: The trader buys 100 European put options, and each put option has a premium of $1.80. Therefore, the total premium paid is calculated as follows:
[tex]Premium Paid = 100 options * $1.80 = $180[/tex]
Value of Underlying Asset at Expiry: Each underlying asset is worth $8 at expiry, and the trader exercises all 100 put options. Therefore, the value of the underlying assets is: Value of Underlying Asset = 100 options * $8 = $800
Interest Expense on Borrowed Money: The trader borrowed money from the bank to purchase the put options. The current interest rate is 3% per month. As the options expire in one month, the interest expense is calculated as: Interest Expense = Borrowed Money * Interest Rate
The borrowed money is equal to the premium paid, which is $180. Therefore: [tex]Interest Expense = $180 * 0.03 = $5.40[/tex].
Profit Calculation: The profit can be calculated by subtracting the total cost (premium paid + interest expense) from the value of the underlying assets:
Profit = Value of Underlying Asset - Total Cost
Total Cost = Premium Paid + Interest Expense
Total Cost = $180 + $5.40 = $185.40
Profit = $800 - $185.40 = $614.60
Therefore, the trader's profit is $614.60.
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Sunny Coast Enterprises (B). Sunny Coast Enterprises has sold a combination of films and DVDs to Hong Kong Media Incorporated for US$107,000, with payment due in seven months. Sunny Coast Enterprises has the following alternatives for financing this receivable: 1) Use its bank credit line. Interest would be at the prime rate of 5.5% plus 150 basis points per annum. 2) Use its bank credit line but purchase export credit insurance for a 1% fee. Because of the reduced risk, the bank interest rate would be reduced to 5.5% per annum without any points. In both cases Sunny Coast would need to maintain a compensating balance of 18% of the loan's face amount, and no interest will be paid on the compensating balance by the bank. 3) Sunny Coast Enterprises has been approached by a factor that offers to purchase the Hong Kong Media Imports receivable at a 15.8% per annum discount plus a 2.1% charge for a non-recourse clause.
a. What are the annualized percentage all-in costs of each alternative?
b. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the factoring alternative compared to the alternatives 1 and 2. (NOTE: Assume a 360-day year.)
The annualized percentage all-in costs for each alternative are as follows: a. Bank Credit Line, Factoring, b. Advantages and Disadvantages of Factoring: Factoring provides immediate cash flow without the need to wait for payment from the customer.
a. The annualized percentage all-in costs for each alternative are as follows:
Bank Credit Line: The interest rate is the prime rate of 5.5% plus 150 basis points per annum, and a compensating balance of 18% is required. Therefore, the all-in cost would be [(5.5% + 1.50%) / (1 - 0.18)] * 100% = 7.12% per annum.
Bank Credit Line with Export Credit Insurance: The interest rate is reduced to 5.5% per annum, and a compensating balance of 18% is still required. The cost of the insurance is 1%. Therefore, the all-in cost would be [(5.5% / (1 - 0.18)) + 1%] * 100% = 7.66% per annum.
Factoring: The receivable is purchased at a discount of 15.8% per annum, plus a charge of 2.1% for the non-recourse clause. Therefore, the all-in cost would be 15.8% + 2.1% = 17.9% per annum.
b. Advantages and Disadvantages of Factoring:
Advantages: Factoring provides immediate cash flow without the need to wait for payment from the customer. It also transfers the risk of non-payment to the factor, providing protection against bad debts. Additionally, factoring does not require the company to maintain a compensating balance or pay interest on it.
Disadvantages: Factoring is generally more expensive compared to bank credit lines. The cost of factoring, including the discount and non-recourse charge, can be higher than the interest rates offered by the bank. Factoring also involves giving up a portion of the receivable amount as a discount, reducing the overall amount received.
Comparing the alternatives, factoring may be advantageous for Sunny Coast Enterprises in terms of immediate cash flow and risk transfer, but it comes at a higher cost. Bank credit lines offer lower costs, especially with export credit insurance, but require maintaining compensating balances and may not provide the same level of risk mitigation as factoring. The choice between alternatives would depend on the company's specific cash flow needs, risk tolerance, and cost considerations.
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Laurel nterprises expects eamings next year o $4.1 1 per share and has a 40% retention rate, which t plans to keep constant. lts equity cost o capital is 11%, which s also its expected return on ne expected to grow forever at a rate of 4.4% per year. If its next dividend is due in one year, what do you estimate the firm's current stock price to be? investment. Its earnings are The current stock price will be
Based on the given information, the estimated current stock price of Laurel Enterprises is approximately $37.36.
Please note that this is just an estimate and the actual stock price may vary due to various factors in the market.To estimate the current stock price of Laurel Enterprises, we can use the Gordon Growth Model, also known as the Dividend Discount Model (DDM). The formula for the Gordon Growth Model is: Stock Price = Dividend / (Cost of Equity - Growth Rate) Let's break down the information given in the question:
Expected earnings per share (EPS) next year: $4.11
Retention rate: 40% (which means the company retains 60% of its earnings and pays out 40% as dividends)
Equity cost of capital: 11% (also the expected return on equity)
Expected growth rate: 4.4% per year
First, we need to calculate the dividend. Since the retention rate is 40%, the dividend payout ratio is 1 - retention rate, which is 60%. Therefore, the dividend per share is:
Dividend = EPS * Dividend Payout Ratio
Dividend = $4.11 * 0.6
Dividend = $2.466
Next, we can calculate the stock price using the Gordon Growth Model:
Stock Price = Dividend / (Cost of Equity - Growth Rate)
Stock Price = $2.466 / (0.11 - 0.044)
Stock Price = $2.466 / 0.066
Stock Price ≈ $37.36
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_____occurs when the seller sets delivered prices that do not entirely cover the costs of shipping the product.
Question 21 options:
FOB destination pricing
Basing point pricing
FOB origin pricing
Freight absorption pricing
Freight absorption pricing occurs when the seller sets delivered prices that do not fully cover the shipping costs.
Freight absorption pricing refers to a pricing strategy in which the seller absorbs a portion of the shipping costs, resulting in the delivered prices being lower than the actual shipping expenses incurred. This strategy is typically employed to attract customers by offering competitive pricing or to penetrate new markets where customers may be sensitive to shipping costs.
In freight absorption pricing, the seller essentially subsidizes a portion of the shipping expenses, either by reducing the product price or absorbing the costs directly. By doing so, the seller aims to make the final price more appealing to customers while still ensuring some level of profitability.
However, it's important to note that freight absorption pricing carries the risk of eroding profit margins if the shipping costs exceed the planned absorption. Therefore, careful cost analysis and consideration of market dynamics are crucial when implementing this pricing strategy.
In summary, freight absorption pricing occurs when the seller chooses to bear a portion of the shipping costs, resulting in delivered prices that do not fully cover the actual expenses incurred.
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