The negative sign indicates that the reaction is exothermic. Thus, on burning of 5.000 mol of gaseous methanol to form gaseous products at 25 °C, the enthalpy change is: ΔH = -721.7 kJ/mol × 5 mol= -3.609 kJ.
(a) Calculation of the enthalpy change in the burning of 5.000 mol liquid methanol to form gaseous products at 25 °C :Given:
The chemical equation of methanol burning,
2CH4O(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 4H2O
(l)The standard enthalpy of formation of liquid methanol,
ΔHf°(CH4O(l)) = -238.7 kJ/mol
The standard enthalpy of formation of CO2,
ΔHf°(CO2(g)) = -393.5 kJ/mol
The standard enthalpy of formation of H2O(l),
ΔHf°(H2O(l)) = -285.8 kJ/mol
The balanced chemical equation indicates that 2 moles of CH4O are needed to produce 2 moles of CO2 and 4 moles of H2O.
The balanced equation can be rewritten in terms of 1 mole of CH4O to determine ΔH of the reaction as follows:
CH4O(l) + 3/2 O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
Hence, ΔH
= ΔHf°(CO2(g)) + 2ΔHf°(H2O(l)) - ΔHf°(CH4O(l)) - 3/2 ΔHf°(O2(g))
= (-393.5 kJ/mol) + 2 (-285.8 kJ/mol) - (-238.7 kJ/mol) - (3/2 × 0 kJ/mol)
= -726.6 kJ/mol
The negative sign indicates that the reaction is exothermic.
Thus, on burning of 5.000 mol of liquid methanol to form gaseous products at 25 °C, the enthalpy change is:
ΔH = -726.6 kJ/mol × 5 mol
= -3.633 kJ
(b) More or less heat will be evolved if gaseous methanol were burned under the same conditions. The standard enthalpy of formation of gaseous methanol,
ΔHf°(CH4O(g)) = -201.2 kJ/mol
The enthalpy change for vaporizing 5.000 mol of CH4O (l) at 25 °C is:
ΔHvap = ΔHf°(CH4O(g)) - ΔHf°(CH4O(l))
= (-201.2 kJ/mol) - (-238.7 kJ/mol)
= 37.5 kJ/mol
Given: The chemical equation of methanol burning,
CH4O(g) + 3/2 O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
Hence,
ΔH = ΔHf°(CO2(g)) + 2ΔHf°(H2O(g)) - ΔHf°(CH4O(g)) - 3/2 ΔHf°(O2(g))
= (-393.5 kJ/mol) + 2 (-241.8 kJ/mol) - (-201.2 kJ/mol) - (3/2 × 0 kJ/mol)
= -721.7 kJ/mol.
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What is the empirical formula for a substance containing 0.0923 grams of carbon, c, and 0.0077 grams of hydrogen, h?
The empirical formula of the substance is CH.
The empirical formula represents the simplest, most reduced ratio of elements in a compound. It provides the relative number of atoms of each element present in a compound, without providing the exact arrangement or the actual number of atoms.
To determine the empirical formula, the masses or percentages of the elements in a compound are used. These values are converted into moles, and then the mole ratios are calculated. The resulting ratios give the smallest whole-number ratio of atoms in the compound.
Given that the substance contains 0.0923 grams of carbon (C) and 0.0077 grams of hydrogen (H),
The molar mass of carbon (C) is 12.01 g/mol, and the molar mass of hydrogen (H) is 1.01 g/mol.
Moles of carbon = 0.0923 g / 12.01 g/mol ≈ 0.00768 mol
Moles of hydrogen = 0.0077 g / 1.008 g/mol ≈ 0.00764 mol
So the simplest whole-number ratio of carbon to hydrogen by dividing both values by the smaller mole value (0.00764 mol in this case):
Carbon: 0.00768 mol / 0.00764 mol ≈ 1
Hydrogen: 0.00764 mol / 0.00764 mol = 1
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At a certain temperature, 0.5011 mol of N2 and 1.761 mol of H2 are placed in a 4.00 L container.
N2(g)+3H2(g)↽−−⇀2NH3(g)
At equilibrium, 0.0300 M of N2N2 is present. Calculate the equilibrium constant, Kc
The equilibrium constant, Kc for the given reaction is 0.106.
We have to find the equilibrium constant, Kc for the following chemical equation:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)
At a certain temperature, 0.5011 mol of N2 and 1.761 mol of H2 are placed in a 4.00 L container. At equilibrium, 0.0300 M of N2 is present. We are supposed to calculate the equilibrium constant, Kc.
Therefore, let's first write the equation for the reaction of the given concentration of N2.
0.0300 M of N2N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)
Initial: 0.5011 mol 1.761 mol 0
Change: -0.0300 mol (-3 × 0.0300) mol (+2 × 0.0300) mol
Equilibrium: 0.4711 mol 1.671 mol 0.0600 mol
The equilibrium concentrations of all species are known.
Therefore, we can calculate the equilibrium constant, Kc.
The expression for Kc is as follows:
Kc = ([NH3]^2 / [N2][H2]^3)
Kc = (0.0600 M)^2 / [(0.4711 M) × (1.671 M)^3]
Kc = 0.106
Answer: The equilibrium constant, Kc for the given reaction is 0.106.
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What is the ph of a 0.1 m solution of ethylamine, given that the p ka of ethylammonium ion ( ch 3 ch 2 nh 3 ) is 10.70?
The pH of a 0.1 M solution of ethylamine is approximately 3.30.
To determine the pH of a 0.1 M solution of ethylamine, we need to consider the acid-base equilibrium of ethylamine ([tex]C_2H_5NH_2[/tex]) and its conjugate acid, ethyl ammonium ion ( [tex]C_2H_5NH_3^+[/tex] ).
The dissociation reaction is as follows:
[tex]C_2H_5NH_2} + {H_2O} \rightleftharpoons{C_2H_5NH_3}^+ + {OH}^-[/tex]
The pKa value of ethyl ammonium ion is given as 10.70. This means that at equilibrium, the concentration of [tex]C_2H_5NH_3^+[/tex] will be equal to the concentration of [tex]OH^-[/tex].
Since we have a 0.1 M solution of ethylamine, the initial concentration of [tex]C_2H_5NH_2[/tex]is also 0.1 M.
Let's denote the concentration of [tex]C_2H_5NH_3^+[/tex] as [ [tex]C_2H_5NH_3^+[/tex]] and the concentration of [tex]OH^-[/tex] as [[tex]OH^-[/tex]]. At equilibrium, these concentrations will be equal.
Since ethylamine is a weak base, we can assume that the concentration of [tex]OH^-[/tex] formed from the dissociation of water will be negligible compared to the concentration of [tex]OH^-[/tex] formed from the ionization of ethylamine.
Therefore, we can approximate the concentration of [tex]OH^-[/tex] as [[tex]OH^-[/tex]] = [ [tex]C_2H_5NH_3^+[/tex]].
Now, using the equation for the pKa, we can calculate the concentration of [ [tex]C_2H_5NH_3^+[/tex] ]:
pKa = -log10([ [tex]C_2H_5NH_3^+[/tex]]/[([tex]C_2H_5NH_2[/tex])])
Rearranging the equation, we get:
[ [tex]C_2H_5NH_3^+[/tex]] = [([tex]C_2H_5NH_2[/tex])] * [tex]10^{-pKa}[/tex]
Substituting the values:
[ [tex]C_2H_5NH_3^+[/tex]] = [tex]0.1 M * 10^{-10.70}[/tex]
Calculating this, we find:
[ [tex]C_2H_5NH_3^+[/tex]] [tex]\approx 1.97 * 10^-{11} M[/tex]
Since the concentration of [[tex]OH^-[/tex]] is approximately equal to the concentration of [ [tex]C_2H_5NH_3^+[/tex]], we can use the equation for pOH to find the pOH:
pOH = -log10([[tex]OH^-[/tex]]) = -log10([ [tex]C_2H_5NH_3^+[/tex]) [tex]\approx -log10(1.97 * 10^{-11})[/tex]
Calculating this, we get:
pOH [tex]\approx[/tex] 10.70
Finally, we can find the pH using the equation:
pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 10.70 [tex]\approx[/tex] 3.30
Therefore, the pH of a 0.1 M solution of ethylamine is approximately 3.30.
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As a Formulation chemist, you're required to do a diet (dark) chocolate D optimal (experimental design) Table with variables and response factors ( viscosity, polyphenol content, fat content). How would you do the D optimal design table? (Note!! You can use other literature papers or other online papers to check how it's done. Also you don't have to have the results for the response factors but you need values on how you would set up the variables).
By following these steps, you can create a D optimal design table for a diet (dark) chocolate formulation, which will help optimize the variables and response factors for your experiment.To create a D optimal design table for a diet (dark) chocolate formulation, follow these steps:
1. Identify the variables: Start by listing the variables that may affect the desired response factors. In this case, the variables could include cocoa percentage, sugar content, emulsifier type, and temperature during processing.
2. Determine the response factors: Identify the response factors that you want to measure and optimize. In this case, the response factors could be viscosity, polyphenol content, and fat content.
3. Use a statistical software or online tool: Utilize statistical software or online tools specifically designed for experimental design, such as Design-Expert or JMP. These tools can help generate a D optimal design table based on the identified variables and response factors.
4. Set up the design table: Enter the identified variables and their corresponding levels in the software/tool. For example, cocoa percentage can be set at levels of 60%, 70%, and 80%, while sugar content can be set at levels of 20%, 30%, and 40%.
5. Specify the number of experimental runs: Decide on the number of experimental runs you want to conduct. A D optimal design table will suggest the most efficient and informative number of runs based on the specified variables and desired level of accuracy.
6. Run the experiments: Follow the experimental plan provided by the D optimal design table and conduct the experiments accordingly. Make sure to record the values of the response factors for each run.
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The four types of bonding that are important in minerals are covalent, metallic, Van der Waals. Your answer 16. The property of is a mineral's resistance to scratching.
Minerals with covalent bonding, such as diamond, are typically very hard. Metallic bonding results in minerals that are malleable and ductile, but not necessarily hard.
Van der Waals bonding is weaker and results in minerals that are relatively soft and have a low melting point.
The four types of bonding that are important in minerals are covalent, metallic, Van der Waals. The property of a mineral's resistance to scratching is called hardness.
Hardness is a physical property of minerals that describes their resistance to scratching by other minerals or materials. The Mohs scale is a way of ranking minerals according to their hardness.
The scale runs from 1 (the softest mineral, talc) to 10 (the hardest mineral, diamond). Minerals with covalent bonding, such as diamond, are typically very hard. Metallic bonding results in minerals that are malleable and ductile, but not necessarily hard.
Van der Waals bonding is weaker and results in minerals that are relatively soft and have a low melting point.
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Acetals are formed from the reaction of two alcohols with a carbonyl under acidic conditions. Acetal formation is faster with 1,2-ethanediol than with two methanol molecules. Choose the factor that explains the difference in reaction rates. A) The reaction with 1,2-ethanediol has a lower ΔH (enthalpy) of reaction. B) The reaction with 1,2-ethanediol has a higher ΔH (enthalpy) of reaction. C) The reaction with 1,2-ethanediol has a more favorable entropy of reaction.
Answer:
The reaction with 1,2-ethanediol has a more favorable entropy of reaction. So the answer is C.
Explanation:
Entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system. A more favorable entropy means that the system is more disordered and therefore more likely to react. In the case of the acetal formation reaction, 1,2-ethanediol is a more disordered molecule than two methanol molecules. This is because 1,2-ethanediol has two hydroxyl groups, which can both participate in the reaction. Two methanol molecules, on the other hand, can only provide one hydroxyl group each.
The more disordered molecule is more likely to react because it has more ways to interact with the carbonyl group. In the case of the acetal formation reaction, the carbonyl group is more likely to react with two hydroxyl groups than with one. This is because two hydroxyl groups can form a more stable bond with the carbonyl group than one hydroxyl group.
Therefore, the reaction with 1,2-ethanediol is faster than the reaction with two methanol molecules because it has a more favorable entropy of reaction.
The reaction was allowed to proceed until equilibrium was reached at 25 o c generating equilibrium concentrations of: _________
In order to provide a specific answer, I would need the specific reaction or chemical system that you are referring to. Equilibrium concentrations can vary depending on the reaction and its conditions.
Equilibrium is a state in which the forward and reverse reactions of a chemical reaction occur at equal rates. At equilibrium, the concentrations of the reactants and products remain constant. The equilibrium concentrations depend on factors such as the initial concentrations, the stoichiometry of the reaction, and the temperature. Unfortunately, without knowing the specific reaction or chemical system you are referring to, I cannot provide the equilibrium concentrations. However, I can give you some general information.
To determine equilibrium concentrations, you need the balanced chemical equation and the initial concentrations of the reactants. Then, you can use an equilibrium expression and solve for the unknown concentrations using an ICE (initial, change, equilibrium) table or an algebraic approach. The equilibrium concentrations can be influenced by factors such as the reaction's equilibrium constant, Le Chatelier's principle, and temperature. Keep in mind that equilibrium concentrations are specific to each reaction and cannot be generalized without knowing the specific chemical system.
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What mass of nitrous oxide can be formed from 50.7 g of nitrogen? Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units
Therefore, the mass of nitrous oxide formed from 50.7 g of nitrogen is 108.56 g.
The balanced equation for the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen gas is shown below:
N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g)
One molecule of nitrogen gas reacts with one molecule of oxygen gas to form two molecules of nitrogen monoxide gas.
To find the mass of nitrous oxide produced, you first need to find the number of moles of nitrogen in
50.7 g.50.7 g N2 × 1 mol N2 / 28.02 g
N2 = 1.808 mol N2
According to the stoichiometry of the balanced equation, every 1 mol of nitrogen reacts to produce 2 mol of nitrogen monoxide. Thus, the number of moles of nitrogen monoxide produced can be calculated as follows:
1.808 mol N2 × 2 mol NO / 1 mol N2 = 3.616 mol NO
Finally, we can calculate the mass of nitrogen monoxide produced using the following relationship:
mass = number of moles × molar mass
mass = 3.616 mol NO × 30.01 g/mol NO
mass = 108.56 g NO.
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(a) based on the photoelectron spectrum, identify the unknown element and write its electron configuration.
In the photoelectron spectrum, the unknown element's electron configuration can be identified.
The unknown element's electron configuration is the arrangement of its electrons in shells and subshells around its nucleus.
A photoelectron spectrum is used to investigate the electronic structure of atoms and molecules.
Photoelectron spectroscopy involves irradiating a sample with photons and detecting the emitted photoelectrons. A photoelectron spectrum graph is used to depict the energies of the photoelectrons emitted from an atom as a result of the irradiation of a high-energy photon.
The photoelectron spectrum of the unknown element is shown in the figure. The energy levels are listed in eV on the x-axis, while the y-axis depicts the photoelectron counts.
Below is the unknown element's electron configuration:
Electron configuration: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶ .
The electron configuration of the unknown element is derived from the photoelectron spectrum.
The element's electron configuration is derived by comparing the binding energy levels of the photoelectrons to the known energies of the orbitals of the atom.
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The complete question is-
A) Based on the photoelectron spectrum, identify the unknown element and write its electron configuration. B) Consider the element in the periodic table that is directly to the right of the element identified in part (a). Would the 1s peak of this element appear to the left of, right of, or in the same position as the 1s peak of the element in part (a)? Explain your reasoning.
I have. a 100 mL flask of a 0.0035 M triiodate solution. I want to pipet 1 mL of that into another flask, and then add 9 mL of solvent to equal 10 mL total of this new solution. What is the new molarity of triiodate?
The new molarity of the triiodate is 0.00035 M.
In order to determine the new molarity of the triiodate, we need to first calculate the amount of triiodate being transferred from the original flask to the new one.
This can be done using the formula:moles = concentration x volume (in liters)Since we have the volume of the solution in milliliters, we need to convert it to liters before using the formula.
Thus, 1 mL of the triiodate solution contains:(0.0035 mol/L) x (0.001 L) = 0.0000035 moles of triiodate
When this is transferred to the new flask and diluted to a total volume of 10 mL, the new molarity can be calculated using the formula:
Molarity = moles / volume (in liters)
We have the moles of triiodate and the new volume in milliliters, so we need to convert to liters before plugging into the formula. Thus:
moles = 0.0000035 L x 1 mol/1000 mL
= 0.0000035 mol volume
= 10 mL x 1 L/1000 mL
= 0.01 L Molarity = 0.0000035 mol / 0.01 L
= 0.00035 M.
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A crystal of potassium permanganate is placed into a beaker of water. the next day, the solid color is gone, but the water is evenly colored. this is an example of?
The solid color being gone while the water is evenly colored after placing a crystal of potassium permanganate into a beaker of water is an example of a homogeneous mixture.
A homogeneous mixture refers to a type of mixture in which the components that make up the mixture are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture.
It is also called a solution. The different components in a homogeneous mixture are not visible and are spread out evenly.
There are several examples of homogeneous mixtures including:
Salt, water, Sugar in water, Vinegar in water, Alcohol and water, Air, Blood ,Plasma, Metal , alloys.
Therefore, the disappearance of the solid color while the water is evenly colored after adding a crystal of potassium permanganate into a beaker of water is an example of a homogeneous mixture.
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Write the balanced COMPLETE ionic equation for the reaction when Cs 3
PO 4
and AgNO 3
are mixed in aqueous solution. If no reaction occurs, simply write only NR. Be sure to include the proper phases for all species within the reaction. 3Ag +
(aq)+PO 4
3−
(aq)→Ag 3
PO 4
( s)
Given the following chemical equation for the reaction of Cs3PO4 and AgNO3,
Cs3PO4 (aq) + 3AgNO3 (aq) → 3Ag3PO4 (s) + 3CsNO3 (aq)
If we break down this chemical equation into the ionic equation, it becomes:
Cs+3 (aq) + 3PO43- (aq) + 3Ag+ (aq) + 3NO3- (aq) → 3Ag3PO4 (s) + 3Cs+ (aq) + 3NO3- (aq)
The ionic equation above depicts the reaction of Cs3PO4 and AgNO3. This reaction results in the formation of a solid silver phosphate, Ag3PO4. The complete ionic equation indicates all of the ions involved in the reaction, whether they are aqueous or solid. While the spectator ions are those that do not participate in the reaction, they are present as both reactants and products in the reaction mixture. Spectator ions include Cs+ and NO3-. Thus, the net ionic equation is
Ag+ (aq) + PO43- (aq) → Ag3PO4 (s)
The chemical equation that is balanced completely is
3Ag+(aq) + PO43- (aq) → Ag3PO4(s).
The reaction occurs in the following manner:
Cesium phosphate (Cs3PO4) reacts with silver nitrate (AgNO3) in an aqueous solution to produce silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) and aqueous sodium nitrate (CsNO3).
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what is the minimum number of covalent bonds predicted for each atom to be neutral: (a) br; (b) n; (c) s; (d) o; (e) cl; (f) p? (a) br forms
(a) Br forms 1 covalent bond.
(b) N forms 3 covalent bonds.
(c) S forms 2 covalent bonds.
(d) O forms 2 covalent bonds.
(e) Cl forms 1 covalent bond.
(f) P forms 3 covalent bonds.
To determine the minimum number of covalent bonds predicted for each atom to be neutral, we need to consider the number of valence electrons for each element. Valence electrons are the outermost electrons involved in bonding.
(a) Bromine (Br):
Bromine belongs to Group 7A or 17 in the periodic table. It has 7 valence electrons. To achieve a stable electron configuration, it needs one additional electron. Therefore, bromine forms 1 covalent bond to complete its octet and become neutral.
(b) Nitrogen (N):
Nitrogen belongs to Group 5A or 15 in the periodic table. It has 5 valence electrons. To achieve a stable electron configuration, it needs 3 additional electrons. Therefore, nitrogen forms 3 covalent bonds to complete its octet and become neutral.
(c) Sulfur (S):
Sulfur belongs to Group 6A or 16 in the periodic table. It has 6 valence electrons. To achieve a stable electron configuration, it needs 2 additional electrons. Therefore, sulfur forms 2 covalent bonds to complete its octet and become neutral.
(d) Oxygen (O):
Oxygen belongs to Group 6A or 16 in the periodic table. It has 6 valence electrons. To achieve a stable electron configuration, it needs 2 additional electrons. Therefore, oxygen forms 2 covalent bonds to complete its octet and become neutral.
(e) Chlorine (Cl):
Chlorine belongs to Group 7A or 17 in the periodic table. It has 7 valence electrons. To achieve a stable electron configuration, it needs one additional electron. Therefore, chlorine forms 1 covalent bond to complete its octet and become neutral.
(f) Phosphorus (P):
Phosphorus belongs to Group 5A or 15 in the periodic table. It has 5 valence electrons. To achieve a stable electron configuration, it needs 3 additional electrons. Therefore, phosphorus forms 3 covalent bonds to complete its octet and become neutral.
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a 15.0 g sample of a white, solid substance, is heated in the presence of air. the solid remaining after heating has a mass of 12.6 g. the reaction that took place must have been a/an: dok 3
Based on the given information, the reaction that occurred when the 15.0 g sample of the white, solid substance was heated in the presence of air is most likely a combustion reaction.
The initial mass of the substance was 15.0 g, and after heating, the mass decreased to 12.6 g. This decrease in mass indicates that a chemical reaction took place, resulting in the loss of some of the substance.
In the presence of air, a common type of reaction that occurs is combustion. Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a substance with oxygen, resulting in the production of carbon dioxide and water. In this case, the substance being heated reacted with oxygen from the air, leading to the loss of mass.
To confirm that combustion occurred, we can analyze the change in mass. Since the mass decreased, it suggests that the substance lost some of its carbon and/or hydrogen atoms in the form of carbon dioxide and water, respectively.Therefore, the reaction that took place can be classified as a combustion reaction. However, without knowing the specific identity of the substance, it is not possible to provide a detailed chemical equation for the reaction.
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Note: The question is complete and same on the search engine.
17 pounds of a 40 pound sample of radioactive iodine remains after 40 days. what is the half life of iodine
The half-life of iodine, given that 17 pound sample of the radioactive iodine remains after 40 days is 32.5 days
How do i determine the half-life of iodine?We shall obtain the number of half lives that has elapsed. This is obtained as follow:
Original amount (N₀) = 40 poundAmount remaining (N) = 17 poundNumber of half-lives (n) =?2ⁿ = N₀ / N
2ⁿ = 40 / 17
2ⁿ = 2.35
Take the log of both sides
Log 2ⁿ = Log 2.35
nLog 2 = Log 2.35
Divide both sides by Log 2
n = Log 2.35 / Log 2
= 1.23
Finally, we shall determine the half-life of the iodine. Details below
Number of half-lives (n) = 1.23Time taken (t) = 40 daysHalf-life of iodine (t½) = ?t½ = t / n
= 40 / 1.23
= 32.5 days
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d) Use the steady- state approximation to derive the rate law for dissociative substitution of a generic metal carbonyl ( LmM-CO) with an incoming ligand L. Show all of your work. [ Hint: the final rate law is equation 4.29 in crabtree, you must show how to get there]
The steady-state approximation is a technique for obtaining the rate laws of reactions that have at least one fast and at least one slow step. The technique's goal is to determine the rate law based on the rate-limiting step.
The steady-state approximation assumes that the rate of formation of an unstable intermediate or its consumption rate is approximately equal. The rate of change of the intermediate's concentration is negligible after a brief moment.To derive the rate law for dissociative substitution of a generic metal carbonyl (LmM-CO) with an incoming ligand L, follow the steps below:Consider the following reaction: LmM-CO + L ⇌ LmM-L + COAt this point, we need to make an assumption that the rate of dissociative substitution (k1) is much slower than the rate of ligand association (k-1) and the rate of CO rebinding (k2).k1 << k-1, k2Using the steady-state approximation, we will find an expression for the intermediate, LmM-CO.
Let x be the concentration of the intermediate LmM-CO;
therefore,x = [LmM-CO]d[x]/dt = 0 since the concentration of the intermediate does not change significantly at any point in time.
d[x]/dt = k-1([L][LmM-CO] - [LmM-L][CO]) - k2([LmM-CO] - [LmM-L][CO]) + k1([LmM-L][CO] - [LmM-CO][L])=0
Now we solve for [LmM-CO] and simplify the equation by assuming that
[CO] ≈ [LmM-CO]. [LmM-CO] = [L][LmM-L]k-1 + k2[LmM-L] - k1[L]
Rearranging the above equation,
LmM-CO + L ⇌ LmM-L + CO, rate law = k[L][LmM-CO]/([L][LmM-L]k-1 + k2[LmM-L] + k1)
which is the same as equation 4.29 in Crabtree.
Hence we have derived the rate law using the steady-state approximation, which is given by equation 4.29.
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more heat is required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 ∘c than to raise the temperature of 1 g of ethyl alcohol 1 ∘c . water is less resistant to temperature change than ethyl alcohol. benzene is more resistant to temperature change than sulfuric acid. more heat is required to raise the temperature of 1 g of benzene 1 ∘c than to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 ∘c . sulfuric acid is less resistant to temperature change than water. ethyl alcohol likely exhibits more hydrogen bonding than water. water has a high specific heat due to the hydrogen bonding between water molecules. at least one of your answers is incorrect. will a substance with a higher specific heat value be more or less resistant to temperature changes? no credit lost. try again.
A substance with a higher specific heat value will be more resistant to temperature changes. The specific heat of a substance is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a given amount of the substance by a certain amount.
The higher the specific heat value, the more heat energy is needed to raise the temperature of the substance. In the given statement, it is mentioned that water has a high specific heat due to the hydrogen bonding between water molecules. This means that it takes more heat energy to raise the temperature of water compared to other substances like ethyl alcohol or benzene.
Therefore, a substance with a higher specific heat value, like water in this case, will be more resistant to temperature changes. This means that it will take longer for the temperature of water to change compared to substances with lower specific heat values.
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If 1 kg of 41oF air contains 2 grams of water, the air is: Group of answer choices saturated unsaturated 2. If 1 kg of 14oF air contains 2 grams of water, the air is: Group of answer choices saturated unsaturated 3. The actual amount of water vapor in the air, measured in g/kg, is: Group of answer choices water vapor content saturation mixing ratio relative humidity 4.The formula for relative humidity is as follows: Type in your answer as a whole number (no decimals), do not include the % symbol. water vapor content = 10 g/kg saturation mixing ratio = 10 g/kg relative humidity =?
The relative humidity is 100 (without the % symbol).
Humidity refers to the amount of moisture or water vapor present in the air. It is a measure of the moisture content in the atmosphere.
If 1 kg of 41oF air contains 2 grams of water, the air is unsaturated. This means that the air has not reached its maximum capacity to hold water vapor at that particular temperature.
If 1 kg of 14oF air contains 2 grams of water, the air is saturated. At 14oF, the air has reached its maximum capacity to hold water vapor, and any additional moisture would result in condensation.
The actual amount of water vapor in the air, measured in g/kg, is called water vapor content. It represents the mass of water vapor present in the air per kilogram of dry air.
The formula for relative humidity is:
Relative humidity = (Water vapor content / Saturation mixing ratio) x 100
Using the values given:
Relative humidity = (10 g/kg / 10 g/kg) x 100
Relative humidity = 100
Therefore, the relative humidity is 100 (without the % symbol).
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Balancing this redox reaction in basic solution MnO 4
−
+C 2
O 4
2−
+OH −
→MnO 2
+CO 3
2−
+H 2
O
Answer:
Ok, here is your answer
Explanation:
The given redox reaction in basic solution is:
MnO4- + C2O42- + OH- → MnO2 + CO32- + H2O
Step 1: Separate the reaction into two half-reactions
MnO4- → MnO2
C2O42- → CO32-
Step 2: Balance the atoms in each half-reaction
MnO4- → MnO2
Balance O: MnO4- → MnO2 + 2H2O
Balance H: MnO4- + 4H+ → MnO2 + 2H2O
Balance charge: MnO4- + 4H+ + 3e- → MnO2 + 2H2O
C2O42- → CO32-
Balance C: C2O42- → 2CO32-
Balance charge: C2O42- + 2OH- → 2CO32- + H2O + 2e-
Step 3: Balance electrons by multiplying half-reactions by appropriate coefficients
MnO4- + 4H+ + 3e- → MnO2 + 2H2O (Multiply by 2)
2C2O42- + 4OH- → 4CO32- + 2H2O + 4e-
Step 4: Add the two half-reactions together and cancel out common terms
2MnO4- + 8H+ + 6e- + 4C2O42- + 8OH- → 2MnO2 + 4CO32- + 4H2O + 6e-
Simplify the equation by canceling out the electrons
2MnO4- + 8H+ + 4C2O42- + 8OH- → 2MnO2 + 4CO32- + 4H2O
Step 5: Check that atoms and charges are balanced in the balanced equation
Atoms: Balance all atoms
Charge: 2(-1) + 8(+1) + 4(-2) + 8(-1) = 0
Therefore, the balanced redox reaction in basic solution is:
2MnO4- + 8H+ + 4C2O42- + 8OH- → 2MnO2 + 4CO32- + 4H2O
mark me as brainliestA mixture of H2 ,He and CH4 occupied volume 13dm3 at 37°C and pressure of 760torr, the masses of H2 and He 0. 8g and 0. 12g respectively. Calculate partial pressure of each gas in a mixture
To calculate the partial pressure of each gas in the mixture, we can use the ideal gas law, which states that PV = nRT.
Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
First, we need to convert the volume from dm3 to litres by multiplying it by 1 liter/1 dm3. So, the volume becomes 13 litres.
Next, we need to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin. The formula to convert Celsius to Kelvin is K = °C + 273. So, the temperature becomes 37 + 273 = 310 K.
Now, let's calculate the number of moles for each gas using the mass and molar mass. By calculating these expressions, we can find the partial pressure of each gas in the mixture.
For H2:
Mass = 0.8 g
Molar mass of H2 = 2 g/mol
Number of moles of H2 = Mass / Molar mass = 0.8 g / 2 g/mol = 0.4 mol
For He:
Mass = 0.12 g
Molar mass of He = 4 g/mol
Number of moles of He = Mass / Molar mass = 0.12 g / 4 g/mol = 0.03 mol
Since the molar mass of CH4 is not given, we cannot calculate the number of moles for CH4. However, we can assume that the number of moles of CH4 is equal to the difference between the total number of moles and the sum of the moles of H2 and He.
Total number of moles = Number of moles of H2 + Number of moles of He + Number of moles of CH4
0.4 mol + 0.03 mol + Number of moles of CH4 = Total number of moles
Number of moles of CH4 = Total number of moles - 0.4 mol - 0.03 mol
Now, let's calculate the partial pressure of each gas using the ideal gas law.
Partial pressure of H2 = (Number of moles of H2 * R * Temperature) / Volume
Partial pressure of He = (Number of moles of He * R * Temperature) / Volume
Partial pressure of CH4 = (Number of moles of CH4 * R * Temperature) / Volume
Substituting the known values:
Partial pressure of H2 = (0.4 mol * R * 310 K) / 13 L
Partial pressure of He = (0.03 mol * R * 310 K) / 13 L
Partial pressure of CH4 = (Number of moles of CH4 * R * 310 K) / 13 L
Remember, R is the ideal gas constant, which is approximately 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K).
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1. What would be the pH if 10 mL of 0.25M potassium hydroxide is added to 290 mL of pure water at 25 ∘
C ? 2. What would be the pH if 20 mL of 0.2MKOH is added to 230 mL of sodium phosphate buffer at pH7.0?
1. The pH would be approximately 11.40.
2. The presence of the buffer will resist drastic changes in pH,
and the resulting pH will likely remain close to the initial pH of 7.0.
To solve these pH calculations, we need to consider the dissociation of the compounds involved.
When 10 mL of 0.25 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) is added to 290 mL of pure water:
First, we need to calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) added:
10 mL of 0.25 M KOH = 0.01 L * 0.25 mol/L = 0.0025 mol of KOH
Since KOH dissociates completely in water, the concentration of hydroxide ions is also 0.0025 mol/L.
Now, we can calculate the pOH (the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration):
pOH = -log10(0.0025) ≈ 2.60
Finally, to find the pH, we can use the equation:
pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 2.60 ≈ 11.40
Therefore, the pH would be approximately 11.40.
When 20 mL of 0.2 M KOH is added to 230 mL of sodium phosphate buffer at pH 7.0:
Since sodium phosphate buffer is present, we need to consider the buffering capacity.
To determine the resulting pH, we would need additional information about the buffer composition, such as the concentrations of sodium phosphate and its acid/base components. Without this information, it is not possible to calculate the exact pH of the resulting solution.
However, the presence of the buffer will resist drastic changes in pH,
and the resulting pH will likely remain close to the initial pH of 7.0. The addition of a small volume of KOH may cause a slight increase in pH due to the introduction of hydroxide ions, but the buffering capacity will help maintain the pH in the vicinity of 7.0.
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Using standard reduction potentials from the aleks data tab, calculate the standard reaction free energy for the following redox reaction. round your answer to significant digits.2mno2(s) 8oh
The reaction you provided is incomplete as it does not include the other reactants and products involved. In order to calculate the standard reaction free energy for a redox reaction, you need to know the reduction potentials for the species involved.
Unfortunately, I do not have access to the specific reduction potentials from the aleks data tab, so I am unable to provide you with a direct calculation. However, I can guide you through the general process. To calculate the standard reaction free energy, you would first assign oxidation numbers to the species involved in the reaction. Then, you would balance the equation by adjusting coefficients to ensure that the number of atoms and charges are conserved. Once the balanced equation is obtained, you can use the Nernst equation and the reduction potentials to calculate the standard reaction free energy.
This can be done by multiplying the reduction potential of each species by its respective coefficient in the balanced equation, and summing them up. Please note that the calculation may involve complex steps and it is important to use the correct reduction potentials. If you have access to the specific reduction potentials, you can follow the steps outlined above to calculate the standard reaction free energy. Unfortunately, I am unable to directly calculate the standard reaction free energy for the given redox reaction due to the lack of complete information and specific reduction potentials.
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12- Explain why: In the determination of ASA in Aspirin, we added Iron (III) as a buffer.
The reason why Iron (III) is added as a buffer in the determination of ASA in Aspirin is to allow for the measurement of the absorbance of the solution to be more accurate. Iron (III) helps to stabilize the pH of the solution during the titration process.
The ASA (acetylsalicylic acid) in aspirin is a weak acid, meaning that its ionization in solution can be affected by changes in pH. This can make it difficult to determine the concentration of ASA in a solution accurately.
Adding Iron (III) as a buffer helps to maintain a constant pH level, which ensures that the absorbance measurements taken during the titration are more accurate. The buffer acts as a stabilizing agent that helps to maintain the pH level of the solution even when small amounts of acid or base are added.
Iron (III) is a good buffer because it has a relatively stable pH range and can be easily added to the solution. Additionally, it does not react with ASA, so it does not interfere with the measurement of its concentration.
Overall, the addition of Iron (III) as a buffer in the determination of ASA in Aspirin is crucial for ensuring that the results of the titration are accurate and reliable. The buffer helps to maintain a constant pH level, which is essential for measuring the absorbance of the solution accurately.
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WHAT ELEMENTS FROM PLACE THEORY AND GEOHERITAGE COULD BE USED IN THE CONSERVATION OF A NATURAL RESOURCE?
Elements from place theory and geoheritage can be used in the conservation of a natural resource. Place theory emphasizes the cultural and emotional connections between people and places, while geoheritage focuses on the geological and ecological values of an area. Incorporating these elements in conservation efforts can help raise awareness, foster a sense of belonging, and highlight the intrinsic value of the natural resource, leading to better stewardship and preservation.
Place theory recognizes that people develop a connection with specific places due to their cultural significance, history, and personal experiences. By incorporating place-based approaches in the conservation of a natural resource, such as highlighting the cultural and historical importance of the area, it can foster a sense of attachment and pride among local communities. This can lead to increased support and engagement in conservation initiatives.
Geoheritage, on the other hand, focuses on the geological and ecological values of a specific area. Understanding the geological processes, unique landforms, biodiversity, and ecological significance of a natural resource can provide a strong scientific foundation for its conservation. By emphasizing the geoheritage values, such as rare geological formations or endangered species habitats, conservation efforts can be targeted towards preserving these specific features.
By combining elements from place theory and geoheritage, conservation efforts can encompass both the cultural and scientific aspects of a natural resource. This holistic approach not only enhances the understanding and appreciation of the resource but also promotes sustainable management practices for its long-term conservation.
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what is the relationship between the following molecules? question 6 options: same compound. pair of enantiomers. pair of diastereomers. constitutional isomers. none of the above.
The relationship between the given molecules is "constitutional isomers".
Constitutional isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but differ in the way the atoms are bonded to each other. They have distinct physical and chemical properties due to differences in the arrangement of atoms, even though they have the same molecular formula.
Examples of Constitutional Isomers .Given below are a few examples of constitutional isomers of hydrocarbons:[tex]C_4H_{10[/tex]: Butane and 2-methylpropane are constitutional isomers.[tex]C_5H_{12[/tex]: Pentane and 2-methylbutane are constitutional isomers.[tex]C_6H_{14:[/tex]Hexane and 3-methylpentane are constitutional isomers.[tex]C_7H_{16[/tex]: Heptane, 2-methylhexane, and 3-methylhexane are constitutional isomers.
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many medical pet scans use the isotope 18f18f, which has a half-life of 1.8 hh . a sample prepared at 10:00 a.m. has an activity of 20 mcimci . for the steps and strategies involved in solving a similar problem, you may view a video tutor solution.
The activity of the sample at 1:00 p.m. is 23.6 mci. The activity of a radioactive sample is the amount of radioactive nuclei present in the sample. The activity of a sample is measured in units of becquerels (Bq). One becquerel is defined as one radioactive decay per second.
The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the time it takes for half of the radioactive nuclei in the sample to decay. For example, the half-life of 18F is 1.8 hours. This means that after 1.8 hours, half of the original activity of the isotope will have decayed.
After 3 hours, the activity will have decreased to one-third of its original value, and after 4.5 hours, the activity will have decreased to one-quarter of its original value.
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a 3.10 m aqueous solution of licl has a density of 1.0692 g/ml. if the total mass of the solution is 66.0 g, what masses of solute and solvent are present?
The mass of the solute (LiCl) present in the 3.10 m aqueous solution is 20.56 g, while the mass of the solvent (water) is 45.44 g.
To find the mass of the solute (LiCl), we need to multiply the volume of the solution (3.10 m) by the density of the solution (1.0692 g/mL) and then convert the result from grams to grams by multiplying by 1000 mL/1 L:
Mass of solution = density × volume = 1.0692 g/mL × 3.10 L × 1000 mL/1 L = 3313.88 g
Since the mass of the solution is given as 66.0 g, we can subtract the mass of the solute to find the mass of the solvent:
Mass of solvent = Mass of solution - Mass of solute = 66.0 g - 20.56 g = 45.44 g
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Aqueous hydrobromic acid (HBr) will react with solid sodium hydroxide ( NaOH ) to produce aqueous sodium bromide (NaBr) and liquid water ( H,O ) Suppose 7.3 g of hydrobromic acid is mixed with 6.44 g of sodium hydroxide. Calculate the maximum mass of sodium bromide that could be profuced by the chemleal reaction, Round your answer to 2 significant sigits. Aqueous hydrobromic acd (HBr) will react with solid sodium hydroxide ( NaOH) to produce aqueous sodium bromide (NaBr) and liquid water (H.O). Suppose 7.3 g of hydrobromic acid is mixed with 6.44 g of sodium hydroxide. Calculate the maximum mass of sodium bromide that couid be produced by the chemical reaction. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
The maximum mass of sodium bromide that could be produced by the chemical reaction is 9.26 g (rounded to 2 significant digits).
Chemical reaction between aqueous hydrobromic acid and solid sodium hydroxide takes place according to the balanced chemical equation:
HBr (aq) + NaOH (s) → NaBr (aq) + H2O (l)
The given reactants' quantities are 7.3 g of hydrobromic acid (HBr) and 6.44 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH).First, we need to calculate the limiting reagent to determine the maximum mass of sodium bromide that could be produced from the given reaction.
Moles of hydrobromic acid (HBr) = (mass/molar mass)
= (7.3 g/80.91 g/mol)
= 0.0900 moles
Moles of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) = (mass/molar mass)
= (6.44 g/40.00 g/mol)
= 0.161 moles
From the balanced chemical equation, the stoichiometric ratio of HBr and NaOH is 1:1. Thus, the reaction requires 0.0900 moles of NaOH to react completely with 0.0900 moles of HBr. However, the actual number of moles of NaOH (0.161) is more than the stoichiometric ratio required by the reaction. Hence, NaOH is in excess, and HBr is the limiting reagent.Moles of sodium bromide (NaBr) produced = moles of limiting reagent used (HBr) = 0.0900 mol
Molar mass of NaBr = 102.89 g/mol
Maximum mass of NaBr produced = moles of NaBr produced × molar mass of NaBr
= 0.0900 mol × 102.89 g/mol
= 9.26 g
Thus, the maximum mass of sodium bromide that could be produced by the chemical reaction is 9.26 g (rounded to 2 significant digits).
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1. Determine the point group of the following molecules. Hint: use VSEPR theory to predict the geometry of the molecules first. ( 10 points) a). SeF 4
b). ClF 5
c). SPF 3
d). CO 3
2−
e). C 5
H 5
(cyclopentadienyl anion, note there is a delocalized π bond on the molecule)
The electron arrangement of the C5H5 molecule is pentagonal planar. The molecular geometry is flat, and it has no dipole moment.
Since it does not have a dipole moment, it is symmetrical and has a point group of D5h.
Determine the point group of the following molecules. Hint: use VSEPR theory to predict the geometry of the molecules first.a) SeF4 molecule:
The central atom Se is surrounded by 4 fluorine atoms and 2 lone pairs. SeF4 has a see-saw geometry (axial and equatorial positions).The electron arrangement of the central atom is trigonal bipyramidal, and the molecular geometry is distorted tetrahedral. The shape of the molecule is asymmetrical. So, the point group of SeF4 is C4v.b) ClF5 molecule:
The ClF5 molecule has 5 fluorine atoms and 1 lone pair. ClF5 has a square pyramidal geometry. The electron arrangement of the central atom is octahedral, and the molecular geometry is square pyramidal. The shape of the molecule is asymmetrical. So, the point group of ClF5 is C4v.c) SPF3 molecule:
The SPF3 molecule has 3 fluorine atoms and 1 lone pair. The electron arrangement of the central atom is tetrahedral, and the molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal. The shape of the molecule is asymmetrical.
So, the point group of SPF3 is C3v.d) CO32− molecule:CO32− has a linear geometry, with carbon at the center of the molecule. The molecule has a point group of D∞h.e) C5H5 molecule.The electron arrangement of the C5H5 molecule is pentagonal planar.
The molecular geometry is flat, and it has no dipole moment. Since it does not have a dipole moment, it is symmetrical and has a point group of D5h.
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Human blood typically contains 1.04 kg/L of platelets. A 1.37 pints of blood would contain what mass (in grams) of platelets? ( 1 gallon = 3.785 L,1 gallon =8 pints )
The mass of platelets in 1.37 pints of blood is 0.00067423 x 1000= 0.67423 g
So, 1.37 pints of blood contain 0.67423 g of platelets.
Given: Human blood typically contains 1.04 kg/L of platelets.
A 1.37 pints of blood would contain what mass (in grams) of platelets?
(1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon = 8 pints)
We know that: 1 L = 1.04 kg of platelets.
We also know that 1 gallon = 8 pints.
So,1 gallon = 8/1 x pints= 8 pints
So, 1 gallon = 3.785 L
Now,1 L of blood contains 1.04 kg of platelets.
So, 3.785 L of blood contains 3.785 x 1.04 = 3.9394 kg of platelets.
Let's find the mass of platelets in 1 pint of blood:
1 L of blood contains 1.04 kg of platelets.
So, 1 pint of blood contains (1.04/1000) x 0.473176= 0.00049238 kg of platelets.
So, 1.37 pints of blood contain (1.37 x 0.00049238) kg of platelets= 0.00067423 kg of platelets.
To find the mass of platelets in grams, we need to multiply the mass in kg with 1000.So, the mass of platelets in 1.37 pints of blood is0.00067423 x 1000= 0.67423 g
So, 1.37 pints of blood contain 0.67423 g of platelets.
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