Wetting agents are added to water to lower its surface tension and increase its ability to penetrate porous materials like fabric, wood, and paper, which are difficult to wet with plain water.
Viscosity and fire-fighting wetting agentsViscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. Wetting agents are added to water to lower its surface tension and increase its ability to penetrate porous materials like fabric, wood, and paper, which are difficult to wet with plain water.
The lower surface tension caused by the wetting agent allows water to spread out more easily, creating a larger surface area to cool and extinguish flames.
The reduction in viscosity also helps the water to penetrate more deeply into the fuel, making it more effective in firefighting.
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How many coordinate covalent bonds, if any, does the ion AT3 have? A has 5
valence electrons, and T has 6 valence electrons. Both A and T cannot exceed the
octet. Explain your answer. Be sure to consider the Lewis structure with the proper
formal charges to determine your answer.
The ion AT3 has a total of 22 valence electrons: 5 from A and 6 from T, multiplied by 3 since there are three T atoms.
What is ion AT3?Generally, To determine the number of coordinate covalent bonds, we need to draw the Lewis structure and check the formal charges.
If A donates three electrons to each T atom, it will have a formal charge of +2 (5 valence electrons - 3 donated electrons - 0 non-bonding electrons). Each T atom will have a formal charge of -1 (6 valence electrons - 3 donated electrons - 2 non-bonding electrons).
The Lewis structure for AT3 will have single bonds between A and each T atom, and each T atom will have a lone pair of electrons.
The total number of electrons used in the bonds is 6 (2 from each bond). The remaining 16 electrons will be distributed among the three T atoms as lone pairs.
Therefore, there are no coordinate covalent bonds in the ion AT3.
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Describe how minerals form.
Answer:
Minerals can form in three primary ways being precipitation, crystallization from a magma and solid- state transformation by chemical reactions (metamorphism).
_____ is a form of witty, amusing speech that is often used to bring people together.
There are four types of speeches, they are to inform, to instruct, to entertain, and to persuade. Entertaining speeches aim to amuse a crowd of people.
What is an Entertaining speech?The speeches which are designed to capture the audience attention and to amuse or regale them while delivering a message is defined as the Entertaining speech. Like informative or persuasive speeches, the Entertaining speech should able to communicate a clear message.
These speeches are delivered on some special occasions like wedding, award show, motivational speech, etc. This speech is not just to humor but also to drama. The aim of this speech is to stir an audience emotion.
Thus the Entertaining speech is often used to bring people together.
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Imagine you had the good fortune to find a meteorite in your backyard that appears to be a piece of material from the early history of the solar system. Quantitatively, how would you expect its ratio of potassium-40 and argon-40 to be different from that of other rocks in your yard? Explain why. The half-life for the decay of potassium-40 to argon-40 is 1. 25 billion years
The ratio of potassium-40 and argon-40 in the meteorite would be much higher than in other rocks in your yard.
It is because the meteorite is from the early history of the solar system, and thus has had much less time for the potassium-40 to decay into argon-40. This is due to the long half-life of potassium-40, which is 1.25 billion years. Therefore, the meteorite would still contain a large amount of potassium-40 relative to argon-40, whereas other rocks in your yard would have had much more time for the decay to occur, resulting in a lower ratio of potassium-40 to argon-40. This material was not subjected to the same processes that shape materials on Earth, such as weathering, erosion, and sedimentation.
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Halley's comet takes 5 years to complete an orbit
The given statement is false . Halley's comet takes 5 years to complete an orbit.
A comet that shines especially brightly is a superb comet. Big comets typically arrive once every ten years, at random, erratic periods.
This translates to a circumference of the solar orbit of around 7.6 billion miles. The gravitational pull of the planets causes the period to change from appearance to appearance.
Because Halley was the first comet to show astronomers that comets might return to our night skies repeatedly, it is frequently referred to as the most famous comet. The comet's appearances have now been connected by astronomers to observations made more than 2,000 years ago.
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The complete question is
Halley's comet takes 5 years to complete an orbit. true or false.
HELP!!! CHEMISTRY QUESTION NEED ANSWERED QUICKLY!!!
(Picture attached)
The forward reaction for Reaction B is...
- endothermic
- exothermic
If Reaction B was at equilibrium and then was heated ______ CH3OH would be present after the reaction adjusts to the new temperature.
- more
- less
- the same amount of
If Reaction B was at equilibrium and then H2 was added, _____ CH3OH would be present after the reaction adjusts.
- more
- less
- the same amount of
If Reaction B was at equilibrium and then H2 was added, _____ CO would be present after the reaction adjusts.
- more
- less
- the same amount of
Answer:
#1 exothermic
Write the formulas for the following covalent compounds:
See next page for KEY
a. disulfur tetrafluoride
b. carbon trioxide
c. nitrogen pentoxide
d. nitrogen tribromide,
e. dinitrogen heptachloride
f. carbon tetrachloride,
g. hydrogen monochloride
h. trihydrogen monophosphide,
i. dihydrogen monoxide
A molecular formula is indeed a concise written description of an existing three-dimensional molecule. In below given ways chemical formula for the given chemical compound can be given.
What is chemical formula?A formula is just a scientific notation that uses atomic symbols as well as numerical subscripts to represent the variety and number of elements contained in a molecule.
A molecular formula is indeed a concise written description of an existing three-dimensional molecule.
a. di sulfur tetrafluoride S[tex]_4[/tex]F[tex]_8[/tex]
b. carbon trioxide CO[tex]_3[/tex]
c. nitrogen pentoxide N[tex]_2[/tex]O[tex]_5[/tex]
d. nitrogen tribromide, NBr[tex]_3[/tex]
e. dinitrogen hepta chloride N[tex]_2[/tex]Cl[tex]_7[/tex]
Therefore, a molecular formula is indeed a concise written description of an existing three-dimensional molecule.
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Ag+ is the Lewis ______
following reaction.
Ag+ (aq) + 2NH3(aq) = Ag (NH3)2 (aq)
=
A
base
B
acid
Ag^+ is an example of a Lewis acid.
What is a Lewis acid?According to the Lewis theory, a Lewis acid is any species that has an electron-deficient center or "hole" that can attract and accept a pair of electrons from a Lewis base. This electron-pair donation can result in the formation of a coordinate covalent bond between the Lewis acid and the Lewis base.
The concept of Lewis acids and bases is important in many areas of chemistry, including coordination chemistry, organometallic chemistry, and catalysis. It provides a useful framework for understanding chemical reactions and interactions between molecules in a wide range of chemical systems.
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what types of friction
Answer:
Friction is the force that opposes the motion of a solid object over another. There are mainly four types of friction: static friction, sliding friction, rolling friction, and fluid friction.
How many grams of ice at −15◦C must be
added to 30 grams of water at 45◦C to result
in ONLY liquid water at exactly 0◦C?
1. 17.0 g
2. 13.7 g
3. 15.5 g
4. 19.2 g
5. 21.1 g
where L represents ice's 334 J/g latent heat of fusion. To account for the energy required to melt the ice, we must include this term. The response is 13.7 g.
Calculation-Let's use the following formula:
Q = mcΔT
where Q is the amount of heat gained or lost, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
For water, the specific heat capacity is 4.18 J/g°C, and for ice, it is 2.09 J/g°C.
First, let's calculate the amount of heat lost by the water:
Q1 = mcΔT = 30 g × 4.18 J/g°C × (45°C − 0°C) = 5658 J
Now, let's calculate the amount of heat gained by the ice:
Q2 = mcΔT + mL = m × 2.09 J/g°C × (0°C − (−15°C)) + m × 334 J/g = m × (314.15 J/g)
where L is the latent heat of fusion for ice, which is 334 J/g. We need to add this term to account for the energy needed to melt the ice.
Since Q1 = Q2, we can solve for m:
m = Q1 / (mcΔT + mL) = 5658 J / (30 g × 2.09 J/g°C × (0°C − (−15°C)) + 30 g × 334 J/g) ≈ 13.7 g
Therefore, the answer is 2. 13.7 g.
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Calculate the ΔGr0 of the following reaction and state whether it is spontaneous at standard temperature or not. (You will need Table B-12 in your CRG.)
2HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)₂(s) CaCl₂(s) +2H₂O(1)
O 6.5 kJ, yes
O 61.5 kJ, no
O 61.5 kJ, no
O 6.5 kJ, no
O-61.5 kJ, yes
-
Explanation:
The ΔG° of a reaction can be calculated using the formula:
ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°
where ΔH° is the standard enthalpy change, ΔS° is the standard entropy change, and T is the absolute temperature in Kelvin.
From Table B-12 in the CRG, we have:
ΔH° = -65.2 kJ/mol for the reaction
ΔS° = -111.7 J/(mol*K) for the reaction
We need to convert ΔS° to kJ/(molK):
ΔS° = -111.7 J/(molK) × (1 kJ/1000 J) = -0.1117 kJ/(mol*K)
Now we can calculate ΔG°:
ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°
ΔG° = -65.2 kJ/mol - (298 K) × (-0.1117 kJ/(mol*K))
ΔG° = -65.2 kJ/mol + 33.4 kJ/mol
ΔG° = -31.8 kJ/mol
The negative value of ΔG° indicates that the reaction is spontaneous at standard temperature. Therefore, the answer is: 6.5 kJ, yes. However, this is not one of the options provided.
If the goalkeeper exerts a 20 N force on the puck, what force does the puck exert on the goalkeeper?
The puck exerts an equal force of 20 N back on the goalkeeper.
The puck exerts a force less than 20 N.
The puck exerts a force greater than 20 N.
During every action, there's an opposite and equal response, states Newton's third rule of motion. The goalie experiences a force of 20 N in return from the puck. The best choice is A.
What in science is a force?That term "force" has a specific meaning in science. At this point, describing a force as being pushed or pulled is perfectly appropriate. It is not possible for a force to "be in it" and "be held by" a thing.
What exactly are force as well as its unit?Force is indeed a physical factor that alters or has the potential to alter an object's state of rest and motion as well as its form. Newton is the SI unit of force.
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The Complete Question :
If the goalkeeper exerts a 20 N force on the puck, what force does the puck exert on the goalkeeper?
A. The puck exerts an equal force of 20 N back on the goalkeeper.
B. The puck exerts a force less than 20 N.
C. The puck exerts a force greater than 20 N.
Consider all of the different types of c-h bonds in cyclopentene and rank them in order of increasing bond strength? 10. 25 (
In cyclopentene, there are three types of C-H bonds:
Allylic C-H bond (bond adjacent to the double bond)
Bridgehead C-H bond (bond at the bridgehead carbon)
Methylenic C-H bond (bond in the ring)
The order of increasing bond strength is generally:
Allylic C-H bond
Methylenic C-H bond
Bridgehead C-H bond
Cyclopentene is a cyclic hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C5H8. It is an unsaturated compound with a double bond between two carbon atoms in the ring, making it an alkene. Cyclopentene is a clear, colorless liquid that is insoluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents. It is commonly used as a starting material in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.Cyclopentene undergoes various chemical reactions due to its unsaturated nature, such as addition reactions with electrophiles and hydrogenation reactions. It can also undergo polymerization to form poly(cyclopentene) with a high glass transition temperature and good mechanical properties.
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HELP ME OUT PLEASEE
4. How many molecules are in 163.395g calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2?
5. How many moles of bromine are in 3.68 mol sulphur tetrabromide, SBr4?
According to concept of Avogadro's number and mole concept, there are 13.28×10²³ molecules and 14.72 moles respectively.
What is a mole?Mole is defined as the unit of amount of substance . It is the quantity measure of amount of substance of how many elementary particles are present in a given substance.
It is defined as exactly 6.022×10²³ elementary entities. The elementary entity can be a molecule, atom ion depending on the type of substance. Amount of elementary entities in a mole is called as Avogadro's number.
Number of molecules=163.395/74.09×6.023×10²³=13.281×10²³ molecules and number of moles= 3.68×4=14.72 moles.
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A piece of metal was heated and then
put it into 100.0 mL of water, initially at
23.7 °C. The metal and water were
allowed to come to an equilibrium
temperature, determined to be 27.8 °C.
How much energy did the water absorb?
J
CH,O = 4.18 _
The heat absorbed is 1713.8 J
What is the heat capacity?Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius (or Kelvin). We can use it as the means that we can use to identify a given substance.
Heat capacity is important in engineering thermodynamics, materials science, and process engineering.
We know that;
H = mcdT
H = 100 g * 4.18 * (27.8 - 23.7)
H = 1713.8 J
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The gaseous decomposition of N2O5 was studied at 35 ∘C.
2N2O5(g)→4NO2(g)+O2(g)
A plot of ln[N2O5] versus time has a slope of −9. 8×10−4s−1.
PART A
If 0. 100 mol of N2O5 is added to a 1. 0 L flask at 35 ∘C, calculate the concentration of N2O5 after 12. 0 minutes.
PART B
f 0. 100 mol of N2O5 is added to a 1. 0 L flask at 35 ∘C, calculate the concentration of NO2 after 12. 0 minutes.
PART C
If 0. 100 mol of N2O5 is added to a 1. 0 L flask at 35 ∘C, calculate the concentration of O2after 12. 0 minutes
The concentration of the compounds if the gaseous decomposition of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] was studied at 35°C is,
a) [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] after 12 minutes is 0.0104 mol/L.
b) [tex]NO_2[/tex] after 12.0 minutes is 0.0208 mol/L.
c) [tex]O_2[/tex] after 12.0 minutes is 0.0052 mol/L.
To solve this problem, we need to use the integrated rate law for a first-order reaction, which is:
ln[[tex]N_2O_5[/tex]] = -kt + ln[[tex]N_2O_5[/tex]]₀
PART A:
We are asked to find the concentration of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] after 12.0 minutes, given that the initial concentration is 0.100 mol/L.
First, we need to find the value of the rate constant, k, using the given slope:
slope = -k = -9.8 x [tex]10^{-4} s^{-1}[/tex]
k = 9.8 x [tex]10^{-4} s^{-1}[/tex]
The integrated rate law may then be used to solve for ln[[tex]N_2O_5[/tex]] by including the values of k, t, and [[tex]N_2O_5[/tex]]:
ln[[tex]N_2O_5[/tex]] = -kt + ln[[tex]N_2O_5[/tex]]₀
ln[[tex]N_2O_5[/tex]] = -(9.8 x [tex]10^{-4} s^{-1}[/tex]) x (12.0 min x 1/60 s/min) + ln[0.100 mol/L]
ln[[tex]N_2O_5[/tex]] = -0.0066 + ln[0.100]
ln[[tex]N_2O_5[/tex]] = -4.714
Finally, we can exponentiate both sides of the equation to solve for [[tex]N_2O_5[/tex]]:
[[tex]N_2O_5[/tex]] = [tex]e^{(-4.714)}[/tex]
[[tex]N_2O_5[/tex]] = 0.0104 mol/L
Therefore, the concentration of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] after 12.0 minutes is 0.0104 mol/L.
PART B:
We are asked to find the concentration of [tex]NO_2[/tex] after 12.0 minutes, given that the initial concentration of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] is 0.100 mol/L.
We might derive from the synthetic condition that the molar proportion of [tex]NO_2[/tex] to [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] is either 4:1 or 2:1. In this way, 4 moles of [tex]NO_2[/tex] are made for every 2 moles of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] that separate.
Since we know the concentration of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] at 12.0 minutes from part (A), we can use the molar ratio to find the concentration of [tex]NO_2[/tex]:
[[tex]N_2O_5[/tex]] = 0.0104 mol/L
The molar ratio of [tex]NO_2[/tex] to [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] = 2:1
[[tex]NO_2[/tex]] = (2/1) x [[tex]N_2O_5[/tex]]
[[tex]NO_2[/tex]] = 2 x 0.0104 mol/L
[[tex]NO_2[/tex]] = 0.0208 mol/L
Therefore, the concentration of [tex]NO_2[/tex] after 12.0 minutes is 0.0208 mol/L.
PART C:
We are asked to find the concentration of [tex]O_2[/tex] after 12.0 minutes, given that the initial concentration of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] 0.100 mol/L.
We may deduce from the chemical equation that [tex]O_2[/tex] and [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] have a molar ratio of 1:2. Therefore, 1 mole of [tex]O_2[/tex] is created for every 2 moles of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] that breakdown.
Since we know the concentration of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] at 12.0 minutes from part (A), we can use the molar ratio to find the concentration of [tex]O_2[/tex]:
[[tex]N_2O_5[/tex]] = 0.0104 mol/L
Molar ratio of [tex]O_2[/tex] to [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] = 1:2
[[tex]O_2[/tex]] = (1/2) x [[tex]N_2O_5[/tex]]
[[tex]O_2[/tex]] = 0.5 x 0.0104 mol/L
[[tex]O_2[/tex]] = 0.0052 mol/L
Therefore, the concentration of [tex]O_2[/tex] molecule after 12.0 minutes is 0.0052 mol/L.
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4Al + 3O2 -> 2Al203
How many Liters of oxygen gas at STP are required to react with 2.00 moles of aluminum?
Explanation:
Refer to picture above.........
These symbols represent sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Sodium hydroxide is
a strong base. (Chemicals that contain the hydroxide ion (OH) are bases.)
How do the products of the reaction relate to the phenol red test and the splint test?
The appearance of pink color in the phenol red test and the presence of flame and "pop" sound in the splint test indicate the production of NaOH and H2 gas, respectively, in the reaction between zinc, HCl, and NaOH.
How does sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas appear from the phenol red test and the splint test?Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H2) can be produced by the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the presence of sodium hydroxide. This reaction can be tested using the phenol red test and the splint test.
In the phenol red test, phenol red indicator is added to the reaction mixture. Phenol red is a pH indicator that changes color depending on the acidity or basicity of the solution. When NaOH is added to the reaction mixture, it neutralizes the acid (HCl) and increases the pH of the solution. This causes phenol red to change from yellow (acidic) to pink (basic). The appearance of pink color indicates the presence of NaOH.
In the splint test, a lighted splint is brought near the reaction mixture. When H2 gas is produced in the reaction, it can be tested using the splint test. H2 is a highly flammable gas that reacts with oxygen (O2) to produce water (H2O) vapor. When a lighted splint is brought near the reaction mixture, it can ignite the H2 gas, producing a "pop" sound and a small flame. This appearance of flame and "pop" sound confirms the presence of H2 gas.
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The force of gravity is dependent on certain factors. According to the illustration, what factor(s) influence the gravitational attraction between two objects. A) mass and distance B) distance and pull C) composition and mass D) mass and density
According to the illustration, the factors that influence the gravitational attraction between two objects would be mass and distance. Option A.
Factors influencing gravitational attractionThe gravitational attraction between two objects is determined by two factors: their masses and the distance between them.
The greater the mass of each object, the greater the gravitational attraction between them. The farther apart the objects are, the weaker the gravitational force between them.This is due to the inverse square law, which states that the force between two objects is proportional to the inverse square of the distance between them.
Therefore, the correct answer is mass and distance.
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Answer:it is A
Explanation:
find the number of moles in 30 grams of HF
Answer:
1.5 moles
Explanation:
Molar mass of HF- 20.01g/mol
Grams needed- 30g
17. How many joules of heat are absorbed to raise the
temperature of 435 grams of water at 1 atm from
25°C to its boiling point, 100.°C?
A) 4.5 X 10^4 J
C) 2.5 X 10^7 J
B) 1.4 X 10^5 J
D) 7.4 X 10^7 J
The amount of heat absorbed to raise the temperature of 435 grams of water at 1 atm from 25°C to its boiling point, 100°C, is approximately 1.4 × 10^5 joules
What is specific heat?
Specific heat is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one unit of temperature per unit of mass. It is a physical property that helps to characterize a substance and is typically measured in units of joules per gram per degree Celsius (J/g°C) or calories per gram per degree Celsius (cal/g°C).
The amount of heat absorbed to raise the temperature of a substance can be calculated using the formula:
Q = mcΔT
where Q is the amount of heat absorbed (in joules), m is the mass of the substance (in kilograms), c is the specific heat capacity of the substance (in joules per kilogram per degree Celsius), and ΔT is the change in temperature (in degrees Celsius).
Substituting the given values, we get:
m = 435 grams = 0.435 kg
ΔT = 100°C - 25°C = 75°C
The specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J/g°C. We can convert this to joules per kilogram per degree Celsius (J/kg°C) by dividing by 1000:
c = 4.184 J/g°C ÷ 1000 = 4.184 J/kg°C
Substituting these values, we get:
Q = (0.435 kg) × (4.184 J/kg°C) × (75°C)
Q = 140,089.2 J
Therefore, the amount of heat absorbed to raise the temperature of 435 grams of water at 1 atm from 25°C to its boiling point, 100°C, is approximately 1.4 × 10^5 joules. The answer closest to this value is option (B).
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Introduction:
Define the following terms:
Chemical reaction,
reactant,
product,
precipitate,
Law of Conservation of Mass
Answer:
chemical reaction: substances are converted to one or more different substances
reactant: A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction and changes.
product: a substance that is present at the end of a chemical reaction.
Precipitate: an insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid solution
Law of conservation of mass: a discovery that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.
Explanation:
Carter is investigating how water changes states. He observes a pot of water boiling on the stove.
O heat
What type of energy is being transferred to the pot to make the water boil?
Olight
4
potential
sound
Nishable
The type of energy being transferred to the pot to make the water boil is heat energy. The heat energy is transferred from the stove to the pot, which then transfers the heat energy to the water molecules.
What Is the Definition of Sound Energy?Simply said, sound energy is a result of vibrations passing through a substance. Sound waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gases. When a force, such as sound or pressure, causes an item or substance to vibrate, the result is sound energy. Waves of that energy pass through the substance. We refer to the sound waves as kinetic mechanical energy.
What Kinds of Sound Energy Are There?The wind chime's rich, bright tones or its high, delicate tingling Traffic noises include the rumbling of engines, screeching tyres, loud radios, and squeaking brakes. infants' cries and babbling. As the water molecules absorb the heat energy, they begin to move faster and eventually reach a point where they turn into vapor, causing the water to boil.
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TASK 1 Metals A, B and B are given. Metal A is a stronger reducing agent than B. Metal B can displace metal 5 from solutions of its salts, but does not react with solutions of salts of A. Arrange metals A, B and In reducing their reduction capacity. We select om POAM two triplets meta- Au, koumo meet these conditions.
Here, the metal A displaces metal B from its solution. Hence, the metal A has lower positive reduction than B. Hence, the reduction potential of B is higher and it is less strong reducing agent.
What is reduction potential ?The reduction potential of a metal electrode is the measure of the tendency of it to lose or gain electrons and is the equilibrium potential difference developed due to separation of charges at the metal - solution interface when a metal is kept in contact with solution of its own.
The higher the negative reduction potential, greater the reducing capacity of the metal. Hence, metals with higher positive potential are easily reducing or they are strong oxidizing agents.
The metals with strong reducing power displaces other metals with lower reducing power from their solution. Here, A is strong reducing agent. Hence, it can displace B from its salt solution and B reduces to its metallic form.
Therefore, the order of A and B in reducing their reduction capacity is A>B.
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Which of the following substances is insoluble in water, according to these solubility
rules?
Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
Sodium chloride (NaCl)
Silver chloride (AgCl)
Potassium nitrate (KNO3)
Answer:
silver chloride
Explanation:
NOTE:
All nitrates are soluble in water
All sulphates are soluble in water apart from Barium sulphate and Lead (II) sulphate
All chlorides are soluble in water apart from Silver chloride and Lead (II) chloride
All hydroxides are soluble in water
Answer:
silver chloride
Explanation:
Pls answer number 4, my grade depends on it
Answer: where are the photographs
Explanation:
The elementary gas-phase reaction
(CH3)3COOC(CH3)3 → C2H6 + 2CH3COCH3
A → B + 2C
is carried out isothermally at 400 K in a flow reactor with no pressure drop. The specific reaction rate at 50°C is 10–4 min–1 (from pericosity data) and the activation energy is 85 kJ/mol. Pure di-tert-butyl peroxide enters the reactor at 10 atm and 127°C and a molar flow rate of 2. 5 mol/min, i. E. , FA = 2. 5 mol/min.
(a) Use the algorithm for molar flow rates to formulate and solve the problem. Plot FA, FB, FC, and then X as a function of plug-flow reactor volume and space time to achieve 90% conversion.
(b) Calculate the plug-flow volume and space time for a CSTR for 90% conversion
The molar flow rate of feed Fao = 2.5 mol/min
Performance equation for cstr gas phase first order reaction with conversion Xa = 0.9
A --> B + 2C
Volume expansion factor E =( 3-1)/1 = 2
Reaction rate constant at 50 C, k1 = 10-4 min-1
Activation energy Ea = 85 kj/mol
Entering pressure P= 10 atm
Temperature T2 = 127 C = 400k
Cao = P2/RT2 = 10 atm/(0.0821L.atm/mol.k)*400k = 0.3045 mol/L
By Arrhenius equation
Ln(k2/k1) = Ea/R *(1/T1 - 1/T2)
Ln(k2/10-4) = 85000/8.314*(1/323 - 1/400)
k2 = 1.77*10-4 min-1
The molar flow rate of feed Fao = 2.5 mol/min
Performance equation for cstr gas phase first order reaction with conversion Xa = 0.9
V/Fao = *Xa/(-rA) = Xa(1+EXa)/kCao(1-Xa)
V = Fao*Xa(1+EXa)/k2Cao(1-Xa)
V = 2.5*0.9(1+2*0.9)/1.77*10-4*0.3045(1-0.9)
V = 1168881 L = 1168.88 m3
volume of the reactor V = 1168.88m3
space time of the reactor,
Tou = V/vo = VCao/Fao= 1168881L*(0.3045mol/L)/(2.5mol/min) = 142369.74 min
b) reaction is reversible then,
Kc = [B][C]2/[A]
Kc = 0.025 mol2/dm6
Kc = CaoXae * (2*CaoXae)2/Cao(1-Xae)
0.025 = 4*0.30452Xae3/(1-Xae)
Xae3/(1-Xae) = 0.066
Put Xae = 0.35then it satisfies above equation
0.353/(1-0.35) = 0.0659
equilibrium conversion Xae = 0.35
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a. If 0.25 mol Na2CO3 completely reacts with excess HCl, how many moles of NaCl and CO2
will be produced, respectively?
b. If 6.02 x 1022 particles of NaBr completely react with excess Ca(OH)2, how many particles of NaOH will be produced?
c. If 204.45 g of NH3 is completed used up in the reaction, how many grams of (NH4)2SO4 will be produced?
d. If 1 mol C5H9O reacts with 2 mol O2, how many mol of CO2 will be produced?
If 0.25 mol Na₂CO₃ completely reacts with excess HCl, 0.5 moles of NaCl and 0.25 mole of CO₂ respectively.
If 6.02 x 10²² particles of NaBr completely react with excess Ca(OH)₂, 6.02 x 10²² particles of NaOH will be produced
If 204.45 g of NH₃ is completed used up in the reaction, 794.5g of (NH₄)₂SO₄ will be produced.
If 1 mol C₅H₉O reacts with 2 mol O₂, 5 moles of CO₂ will be produced.
What is mole concept?
Avogadro's number is the number of units in one mole of any substance and equals to 6.02214076 × 10²³. The units can be electrons, atoms, ions, or molecules.
No. of moles is defined as a particular no. of particles that we can calculate with the help of Avogadro’s number.
Given,
a. 0.25 mol Na₂CO₃
Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
1 mol Na₂CO₃ forms 2 moles of NaCl and 1 mole of CO₂.
0.25 mol Na₂CO₃ forms 0.5 moles of NaCl and 0.25 mole of CO₂.
b. 6.02 x 10²² particles of NaBr
2NaBr + Ca(OH)₂ → CaBr₂ + 2NaOH
2 moles of NaBr forms 2 moles of NaOH
Hence, 6.02 x 10²² particles of NaBr forms 6.02 x 10²² particles of NaOH.
c. Mass of NH3 = 204.45 g
2NH₃ + H₂SO₄ → (NH₄)₂SO₄
34g of NH₃ forms 132.14g of (NH₄)₂SO₄
204.45 g of NH₃ forms 794.5g of (NH₄)₂SO₄
d. 1 mol C₅H₉O
4C₅H₉O + 27O₂ → 20CO₂ + 18H₂O
4 mol C₅H₉O forms 20 moles CO₂
1 mole C₅H₉O forms 5 moles CO₂
Therefore, If 0.25 mol Na₂CO₃ completely reacts with excess HCl, 0.5 moles of NaCl and 0.25 mole of CO₂ respectively.
If 6.02 x 10²² particles of NaBr completely react with excess Ca(OH)₂, 6.02 x 10²² particles of NaOH will be produced
If 204.45 g of NH₃ is completed used up in the reaction, 794.5g of (NH₄)₂SO₄ will be produced.
If 1 mol C₅H₉O reacts with 2 mol O₂, 5 moles of CO₂ will be produced.
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I am unable to solve this problem.
The dry hydrogen gas would occupy 0.152 L at 1 atm and 298 K when solving with the combined gas equation.
What is combined gas equation?It is a mathematical expression that states the relationship between the pressure, volume, and temperature.
The gas equation can be stated as:
(P₁V₁)/T₁ = (P₂V₂)/T₂
To solve this problem, we need to use the combined gas law:
We are given the initial pressure (707.3 Torr), but we need to calculate the initial volume and temperature of the hydrogen gas.
P_total = P_H₂ + P_H₂O
where P_H₂ is the pressure of the hydrogen gas and P_H₂O is the vapor pressure of water at 10 °C (9.21 Torr).
P_total = 707.3 Torr
P_H₂O = 9.21 Torr
So, P_H₂ = P_total - P_H₂O = 698.09 Torr
Converting the volume of hydrogen gas collected to the volume at standard temperature and pressure (STP) using the following equation:
V₂ = V₁(P₁/P₂)(T₂/T₁)
Solving for V₁ by rearranging the equation:
V₁ = V₂(P₂/P₁)(T₁/T₂)
Converting the volume of hydrogen gas collected to liters:
V₂ = 125 mL = 0.125 L
Next, we can putting in the values we know:
P₁ = 698.09 Torr
P₂ = 1 atm = 760 Torr
T₂ = 298 K
We can solve for T₁ by using the ideal gas law:
PV = nRT
T = PV/nR
Calculating the number of moles of hydrogen:
n = m/M
n = 0.4 g / 65.38 g/mol = 0.006118 mol
Now we can put in the values we know into the ideal gas law:
T₁ = (P₁V₁)/(nR)
= (698.09 Torr)(0.125 L)/(0.006118 mol)(0.08206 L·atm/mol·K)
= 343.2 K
Finally, we can solve for V₁:
V₁ = V₂(P₂/P₁)(T₁/T₂)
= (0.125 L)(760 Torr/698.09 Torr)(343.2 K/298 K) = 0.152 L
Therefore, the dry hydrogen gas would occupy 0.152 L at 1 atm and 298 K.
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What is the source of nearly all of the energy for producers and consumers? Responses A. sunlight B. oxygen C.plants D. water
Answer:
A. sunlight
Explanation:
The source of nearly all of the energy for producers and consumers is sunlight
