The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962. The Soviet Union had placed missiles in Cuba, which was close to the US, so they had a tense standoff.
As a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis, the US and the Soviet Union signed the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty to limit nuclear testing. This crisis is considered one of the most significant events in the Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union. It ended after the Soviet Union agreed to remove the missiles from Cuba in exchange for the US not invading Cuba.
This event heightened the tension between the US and the Soviet Union and served as a lesson for both superpowers to avoid any escalation of Cold War tensions.
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What’s the famous charge
against Union forces that the commander of the largest Confederate unit did?
The most famous charge against Union forces that the commander of the largest Confederate unit did was Pickett's Charge.
What was Pickett's Charge ?Pickett's Charge was a frontal assault by 12,000 Confederate troops against the Union center on Cemetery Ridge. The attack was a costly failure, and it is considered to be one of the turning points of the Civil War.
The commander of the largest Confederate unit at Gettysburg was Lieutenant General James Longstreet. Longstreet was a brilliant strategist and tactician, but he was also a cautious commander. He believed that Pickett's Charge was a reckless gamble, and he tried to dissuade General Robert E. Lee from ordering it. However, Lee was determined to attack, and he overruled Longstreet's objections.
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One of the criticisms of Napoleon was his self- proclamation as dictator, a return to the absolute rule of pre-Revolutionary France. On the other hand, he accomplished a great deal to make the Revolution permanent. Could he have accomplished all that if he were not a dictator? What reforms could he have enacted as an elected ruler? Specifically, what problems would he have faced and how could he have overcome them if he had ruled as an elected leader?
Napoleon was criticized for his self-proclamation as a dictator and a return to the absolute rule of pre-Revolutionary France. At the same time, he did a lot to make the Revolution permanent. If Napoleon was an elected ruler, he might have faced many problems that would have made it challenging to implement certain reforms.
Firstly, he might have found it challenging to pass laws as an elected ruler since there would be opposition from different factions, including the royalists, who wanted the return of a monarchy. Secondly, Napoleon's policies might have been influenced by various factors, such as the needs of his political party, his financial supporters, or the regions that elected him. He might not have been able to implement some policies that were essential for the long-term success of the Revolution.
Finally, he might have faced some resistance from the people who elected him. Elected leaders have to compromise on policies to cater to the needs of the majority. Napoleon's reforms aimed to create a strong central government, and some groups might have opposed such policies because it would reduce their influence.
Napoleon was known for his dictatorial style of governance, which was a criticism of his leadership style. He returned to the absolute rule of pre-Revolutionary France, which was detrimental to the revolutionary gains. Nevertheless, Napoleon made significant contributions to make the revolution permanent. If Napoleon was an elected leader, it is unlikely that he would have been able to accomplish all the reforms he implemented while in office. This is because elected leaders face different challenges that would have made it challenging to implement certain policies.
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true or false in the 1860 's the first transcontinental railroad was built in the united states
12. Which of the following assumptions best characterized the assumption about how individuals formed expectations of inflation by the early 1970s? A) Expected inflation for the current year was smaller than the previous year's inflation
rate.
B) Expected inflation for the current year was approximately equal to the previous year's inflation rate.
C) Expected inflation for the current year was less than the previous year's inflation rate.
D) Expected inflation for the current year equal to the average inflation rate over the past
five years.
E) Expected inflation for the current year equal to the average inflation rate over the past ten years.
13. For this question, assume that individuals form expectations of inflation according to the
following equation retent-1. From 1970 on, the value of 0 for this equation
A) increased over time and approached 1.
B) decreased over time and approached zero. C) remained constant at zero.
D) remained constant at negative one.
E) none of these
14. If a country experiences persistently low inflation, which of the following tends NOT to
occur?
A) wage indexation will become less important B) nominal wages will be set for shorter periods of time C) the markup over labor costs will decrease
D) all of these
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15. Which of the following explains why the original Phillips curve relation disappeared or, as some economists have remarked, "broke down" in the 1970s?
A) Individuals assumed the expected price level for the current year would be equal to the actual price level from the previous year.
B) Individuals assumed that expected inflation would be zero C) Individuals changed the way they formed expectations of inflation.
D) Monetary policy became contractionary. E) More labor contracts became indexed to changes in inflation.
Answer:
12. B) Expected inflation for the current year was approximately equal to the previous year's inflation rate. This assumption was known as adaptive expectations and was widely used by economists to explain how individuals formed their expectations about future inflation rates.
13. C) remained constant at zero. This equation shows that individuals' expectations of current inflation are based on their expectations of inflation in the previous period. A value of zero means that individuals assume that current inflation will be equal to past inflation, on average.
14. B) nominal wages will be set for shorter periods of time. When inflation is low and stable, there is less pressure for employers to adjust wages frequently to keep up with rising prices. This means that nominal wages can be set for shorter periods of time, without the risk of losing purchasing power due to inflation.
15. C) Individuals changed the way they formed expectations of inflation. The original Phillips curve showed an inverse relationship between unemployment and inflation, but this relationship began to break down in the 1970s. One explanation for this is that individuals began to form their expectations of inflation differently, using more sophisticated methods such as rational expectations. This made it more difficult for policymakers to use monetary policy to stabilize the economy.
HELPPPPP
Region C on the map is home to which group of North American Indigenous
peoples?
The region C on the ap is home to the group of North American Indigenous peoples called Pueblo (Option B).
Who are pueblo people?The Pueblo people are Native American communities indigenous to the Southwestern United States, primarily in New Mexico and Arizona. They are known for their distinctive adobe homes, agriculture, and rich cultural traditions.
The Pueblo people have a deep spiritual connection to the land and maintain a strong sense of community, with a focus on collective well-being and preserving their cultural heritage.
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In Act lll Romeo and Juliet, why is Romeo considered the protagonist?
Answer:
because he has a conflict to overcome.
Explanation:
please mark me brainloest i need one :(
Which battles were Allied victories in the Pacific campaign? Check all that apply.
Battle of Midway
Guadalcanal Campaign
Battle of Leyte Gulf
Battle of Saipan
Battle of Iwo Jima
Battle of Okinawa
Battle of the Coral Sea
Battle of Tarawa
Battle of Peleliu
Battle of the Philippine Sea
Battle of New Guinea
Battle of Guam
Battle of Bougainville
Battle of Kwajalein
Battle of Tinian
Battle of Eniwetok
Battle of Morotai
Battle of the Eastern Solomons
Battle of Cape Gloucester
Battle of the Bismarck Sea
what makes Malthus views relevant in today's world
Thomas Malthus’s ideas influenced public policy (such as reforms of the English Poor Laws) and the work of economists, demographers, and evolutionary biologists, notably Charles Darwin.
1) Since 2001, several developments caused the process of globalization to slowdown. These include all but
A. Fragmentation of production globally
B. Financial crises and the impact they have on domestic economic policy and trade protectionism
C. Cyber attacks
D. Increased costs of security and insurance due to risks and uncertainty of terrorism
2) Which of the following is NOT a part of the five steps in the decision-making process?
A. Implement the decision
B. Identify competitors
C. Select the best possible solution
D. Define the problem
3) When rent controls are imposed below the current market price they can do all except
A. Reduce the level of supply of rental housing
B. Reduce the quality of rental housing
C. Create excess supply of rental housingD. Increase the quantity of rental housing demanded
4) True or False: A minimum wage set below the market equilibrium wage will result in higher unemployment.
5) True or False: Non-clearing markets often have spillover effects into related markets. For example, when a concert promoter deliberately sets the ticket price below the market equilibrium price, this may result in greater sales of the performer's recordings.
6) Risk and uncertainty associated with terrorism have caused all except
A. Caused security and insurance costs to increase
B. In a way created a "tariff" on many business activities
C. Redirected resources from directly productive activities
D. Reversed the process of globalization
7) At a price of $299.99, the manufacturer of a portable air conditioner is willing to produce 19,000 units per quarter. At a price of $349.99, it is likely that the manufacturer will be willing to produce
A. More than 19,000 units per quarter
B. Fewer than 19,000 units per quarter
C. It is impossible to predict the effect of a higher price on the number of units of a product that a firm will be willing to produce
D. 19,000 units per quarter
Answer:
1) C. Cyber attacks
2) B. Identify competitors
3) C. Create excess supply of rental housing
4) True
5) True
6) D. Reversed the process of globalization
7) It is impossible to predict the effect of a higher price on the number of units of a product that a firm will be willing to produce (the information given only allows us to determine the quantity of units the manufacturer is willing to produce at specific prices, not the exact relationship between price and quantity supplied)
Causes of the Cold War in bullet points
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Did industrialization actually revolutionize society?
Answer:
Yes, Industrialization revolutionized society. It shifted the agrarian economy to a manufacturing economy where products are not made by hand but by machines. It also changed the human settlements and their family lifestyles.
Explanation: Hope it helps you:))))))
Have a great day.
Answer: OFC it did think about paper factories, tractors anything that helps the production of a good. It all is thanks to industrialization including child labor but we don't talk about that lol
Explanation: btw scrim is just awesome but... zillakami is on top
The type of inheritance that occurs because extranuclear genes are inherited through the cytoplasm of an egg is called?
The type of inheritance that occurs because extra nuclear genes are inherited through the cytoplasm of an egg is called Cytoplasmic inheritance.
Cytoplasmic inheritance happens because the cytoplasm of the egg contains a large amount of cytoplasmic components, such as mitochondria, which contain DNA. Even though a sperm has mitochondria, they do not contribute mitochondria to the zygote.
This type of inheritance is referred to as extra nuclear inheritance because the genes are not found in the nucleus. Instead, the genes are found in the mitochondria and chloroplasts, both of which are organelles found within the cytoplasm of cells. Extra nuclear inheritance was discovered by Carl Correns in the early 20th century.
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The Revolutionary War ended with both sides agreeing to the Treaty of Paris in 1783. What did the new United States gain as a result of the treaty?
A. Control of the land on the British Isles
B. Control of the entire North American continent
C. Control of most of the land east of the Mississippi River
D. Control of all land owned by Great Britain
“Social and economic policies in authoritarian states did not always achieve their aims.” Discuss with reference to one authoritarian state. Franco.
Answer:It's possible that both Nazi Germany and the PRC exploited foreign policy to stay in power. Hitler's expansionist and aggressive foreign policy in Nazi Germany was populist in that it sought to change the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and secure living space, or lebensraum, for Germans in the east. Mao consolidated his power through utilizing international policy as well. Both states employed foreign policy as a potent propaganda tool and an excuse for internal purges of the opposition.Hitler sought to establish and keep authority by pursuing populist foreign policy goals. The dictatorship gained popularity by employing what appeared to be diplomatic methods. Hitler utilized the idea of a "unjust" peace to undermine the international order from the moment he came to power in January 1933
Explanation:
What major conflicts led Spain to gain or lose land?
Answer:Spain has had a long and complex history of territorial expansion and contraction, involving numerous conflicts and wars. Here are some of the major conflicts that led Spain to gain or lose land:The Reconquista (711-1492): This was a long period of conflict between the Christian kingdoms of Spain and the Muslim Moors, who had invaded the Iberian Peninsula in the 8th century. The Christians gradually reconquered the territory, culminating in the fall of Granada in 1492, which marked the end of Muslim rule in Spain and the completion of the Reconquista.The Spanish-American War (1898): This conflict between Spain and the United States was fought over control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. Spain lost all three territories to the United States as a result of the war, marking the beginning of the end of Spain's colonial empire.The Rif War (1920-1926): This was a conflict between Spain and the Berber tribes of the Rif mountain region in northern Morocco. Spain initially gained control of the region, but faced stiff resistance from the tribes and ultimately lost much of its territorial gains.The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939): This was a brutal conflict between the Republican government and the Nationalist forces led by General Francisco Franco. The Nationalists emerged victorious, and Spain remained under Franco's authoritarian rule until his death in 1975.The Spanish-Moroccan War (1859-1860): This conflict between Spain and Morocco was fought over the possession of the Chafarinas Islands and ended with a Spanish victory.These are just a few examples of the major conflicts that led Spain to gain or lose territory throughout its history. Other factors such as diplomacy, treaties, and alliances also played a role in shaping Spain's territorial boundaries.
Explanation:
Question 6 of 10
Because Japan refused to surrender to the Allies, and an Allied invasion of Japan would result in an estimated 1 million Allied casualties, President Truman:
• D. organized a cease fire between Japan and the Allies.
Due to Japan's refusal to surrender and the potential high casualties of an Allied invasion, President Truman made the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan. So, the correct choice is option D.
Facing the prospect of a prolonged war and the estimated 1 million Allied casualties that an invasion of Japan would entail, President Truman authorized the use of atomic bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
On August 6, 1945, the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, followed by another on Nagasaki on August 9. The bombings resulted in immense devastation and loss of life, leading to Japan's surrender on August 15, 1945, effectively ending World War II.
President Truman made this decision as a strategic and controversial measure to bring about a swift end to the war, hoping to avoid further loss of life that an invasion would entail. The bombings had a profound impact on the course of history and sparked debates about the use of nuclear weapons.
Therefore, option D, making the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan, is the correct answer.
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Complete Question:
Because Japan refused to surrender to the Allies and an Allied invasion of Japan would result in an estimated 1 million Allied casualties, President Truman:
A. demanded that the other Allied nations provide more troops.B. ordered the firebombing of Tokyo and other major cities.C. organized a cease-fire between Japan and the Allies.O D. decided to use the atomic bomb against Japan.SUBMIT the correct answer.
Describe the effects of globalization in the cartoon
The effects of globalization shown on the cartoon is increased access to goods from around the world.
What has globalization led to ?Globalization has led to the integration of economies and markets, making it easier for people to buy products and goods from different countries. Advances in transportation, communication, and technology have facilitated the movement of goods across borders, allowing consumers to have a wider variety of products to choose from.
This increased access to goods from around the world has expanded consumer choices and has had a significant impact on global trade and the economy.
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S Keeping in view the spirit of liberty that Iqbal advocated in his poetry, write a brief analytical note on what should we do today to survive as an independent and sovereign country?
To survive as an independent and sovereign country, it is essential to uphold the spirit of liberty advocated by Iqbal. This can be achieved by fostering a strong sense of national identity, promoting democratic values, protecting individual freedoms, and striving for social and economic progress.
In order to thrive as an independent and sovereign country, it is crucial to embrace the spirit of liberty and follow the principles advocated by Iqbal in his poetry. Firstly, fostering a strong sense of national identity is essential. This can be achieved through promoting unity, inclusivity, and celebrating the diverse cultural heritage of the country.
Secondly, upholding democratic values is paramount. Ensuring fair and transparent governance, protecting civil liberties, and promoting active citizen participation are fundamental aspects of a thriving democracy. It is important to establish institutions that safeguard the rule of law, promote accountability, and enable citizens to express their opinions freely.
Thirdly, protecting individual freedoms is vital. Upholding human rights, including freedom of speech, expression, and religion, contributes to a society where individuals can flourish and contribute to the nation's progress. Respecting the rights and dignity of every citizen creates an environment conducive to innovation, creativity, and social harmony.
Lastly, striving for social and economic progress is essential. This entails providing equal opportunities for all citizens, investing in education and healthcare, promoting sustainable development, and creating an inclusive economy that benefits the majority of the population. Economic growth, combined with equitable distribution of resources, can enhance the well-being and prosperity of the nation.
By embracing these principles and values, a country can survive and thrive as an independent and sovereign nation, ensuring liberty, progress, and the realization of Iqbal's vision for a just and prosperous society.
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Please help!
Caesar's death did not save the republic. In his will, Caesar made his teenage relative Octavian his heir. Octavian became a leader of Caesar's many followers. He swore to avenge Caesar's death. He defeated Caesar's murderers in a civil war. Octavian defeated Mark Antony and Antony's ally Cleopatra, the queen of Egypt. By 30 BCE, he ruled Rome. The republic became a monarchy, the Roman empire. Octavian became the first emperor. He took the title Augustus, meaning honored one. Augustus made new rules for senate membership. He increased the property requirement and prohibited senators from being directly involved in business. The emperor could call for and lead senate discussions, introduce laws, and appoint new senators. Augustus pretended to respect republican traditions, but as emperor, he held all the real power. The senate became merely a group of advisors. Why did the Roman republic fall? And why were Julius Caesar and Augustus allowed to take control of Rome? The empire's swift expansion, with its increasing wealth and the growing gap between rich and poor, put pressure on the republic's government and society. As the military's power grew, commanders were tempted to seize power
In the text list, FOUR failures of Octavian (Augustus)
Answer:
Failure to uphold republican values and principlesfailure to ensure genuine senatorial participationFailure to restore the Roman republicFailure to address the underlying social and economic issuesExplanation:
Failure to restore the Roman republic: Despite initially presenting himself as a champion of the republic and its traditions, Octavian's rise to power effectively ended the republican system. He established a monarchy and became the first emperor, which marked a significant departure from the ideals of the republic.
Failure to uphold republican values and principles: Octavian's consolidation of power led to a concentration of authority in the hands of the emperor. While he maintained some semblance of republican institutions, such as the Senate, their power and influence were greatly diminished. Octavian effectively held all the real power, undermining the republican system he claimed to respect.
Failure to ensure genuine senatorial participation: Although Augustus made new rules for Senate membership, such as increasing the property requirement and limiting senators' involvement in business, the Senate became a mere advisory body under his rule. The emperor retained the authority to call for and lead Senate discussions, introduce laws, and appoint new senators, effectively marginalizing the role of the Senate in decision-making.
Failure to address the underlying social and economic issues: The growing gap between the rich and poor, along with increasing wealth resulting from the empire's expansion, posed significant challenges to the republic's government and society. Augustus, despite his attempts to maintain stability and enact certain reforms, did not fully address the social and economic disparities that contributed to the republic's decline. The failure to address these underlying issues ultimately weakened the social fabric of Roman society.
Why was William Henry Harrison already considered a national figure before the election of 1840?
A. He was considered a war hero.
B. He held a debate about the Indian Removal Act.
C. He served in Congress
How can all Americana conservative and liberal work together to end systemic racism?
Summarize How did nullification threaten the nation?
The Nullification Crisis was a constitutional and political disaster in the United States in the 1830s, during the presidency of Andrew Jackson.
The crisis stemmed from the Tariff of 1828, also known as the "Tariff of Abominations." Southern politicians denounced the tariff as unconstitutional and harmful to their interests. This led to the doctrine of nullification, in which states claimed the power to nullify federal laws they found unconstitutional.
South Carolina, under the leadership of John C. Calhoun, was the most vocal advocate of nullification, and in 1832 it declared the Tariff of 1828 null and void in its borders. Jackson reacted forcefully, threatening to send in federal troops and signifying that he would personally hang any nullifiers who refused to obey the law.
However, Congress was able to resolve the crisis in 1833 with the Compromise Tariff, which lowered tariff rates. The Nullification Crisis, though brief, threatened the stability of the Union and emphasized the difficulties of balancing states' rights and federal power in the early years of the republic.
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Analyze Which changes happened as a result of civilian participation in the war effort?
During World War I and World War II, civilian participation in the war effort played a significant role. During both wars, many changes took place as a result of civilian participation in the war effort. This can be demonstrated by the following:
1. Changes in the economy: In order to aid the war effort, governments all over the world had to restructure their economies. The majority of the countries' economies were focused on military spending, which resulted in an increase in industrial activity.
2. Changes in the role of women: The war effort allowed women to play an important role in society. Women worked as nurses, ambulance drivers, and factory workers, among other things.
3. Changes in society: The war also led to changes in society. It brought people together, and it created a sense of national unity. The war allowed people to see that they were all in this together, and they needed to work together to win the war.
4. Advances in technology: Finally, the war led to significant advances in technology. For example, the invention of the airplane, radio communication, and the use of tanks all resulted from the war effort.
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What did prehistoric hunter gather groups have in common
A. Rulers who made strict laws
B. Varied roles for men and women
C. Metal weapons and tools
D. Permanent homes and farms
How did medieval monks contribute to learning?
a. they argued about canon law.
b. they oversee important church rituals.
c. they provided bibles to peasants.
d. they taught artistic skills to laypeople.
Medieval monks made significant contributions to learning in various ways like they provided bibles to peasants and taught artistic skills to laypeople. The correct answer is options (c) and (d).
One of their key contributions was their involvement in preserving and producing written works. Monastic scriptoria, where manuscripts were copied and illuminated, were centers of intellectual activity. Monks meticulously transcribed and preserved classical texts, religious scriptures, and philosophical works, ensuring their survival and transmission to future generations.
They also produced original writings, including historical chronicles, theological treatises, and scientific works. Moreover, monks played a crucial role as educators. Monastic schools were established where young novices and sometimes laypeople received education in subjects such as theology, philosophy, Latin, and arithmetic. They not only provided education within the monastic community but also extended their knowledge to the wider society by teaching peasants and laypeople who sought knowledge. Hence options (c) and (d) are correct answer.
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What laws would you pass for the affordable healthcare act?
The laws that could be passed for the Affordable Care Act (ACA) are the Expansion of Medicaid coverage, Improving Access to Care, Reducing Costs, and Enhancing Quality.
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is an American healthcare reform legislation that was enacted in 2010. The ACA was created to enhance the American healthcare system's affordability, availability, and quality. Here are some of the laws that could be passed for the affordable healthcare act:
Expansion of Medicaid coverage: Medicaid is a government-funded healthcare program for low-income individuals. It is currently administered by the states. The ACA allows states to extend Medicaid coverage to low-income adults. The expansion of Medicaid would provide coverage to millions of Americans who currently do not have health insurance.
Improving Access to Care: In order to improve access to care, the government could pass laws that would require health insurance companies to cover essential health benefits such as preventive care, emergency services, and prescription drugs. Additionally, the government could pass laws that would increase the number of primary care physicians and specialists in the United States.
Reducing Costs: The government could pass laws that would reduce the cost of health care for consumers. For example, the government could require insurance companies to limit out-of-pocket costs for consumers. Additionally, the government could pass laws that would promote competition among healthcare providers and insurance companies.
Enhancing Quality: The government could pass laws that would enhance the quality of health care in the United States. For example, the government could require healthcare providers to report quality measures to the public. Additionally, the government could establish an independent agency to evaluate the quality of healthcare providers and insurance companies.
The ACA was created to address many of the problems that exist in the American healthcare system. By passing laws that expand coverage, improve access to care, reduce costs, and enhance quality, the government can help ensure that all Americans have access to affordable, high-quality health care.
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Did the geography and environment in the americas create cultural differences in pre- Colombian societies
Answer:
Yes, the geography and environment in the Americas played a significant role in creating cultural differences among pre-Columbian societies. The vast and diverse landscapes of the Americas, including mountains, deserts, rainforests, and coastal regions, influenced the development of distinct cultural practices, social structures, and economic systems.
Explanation:
Napolean then took action to protect France by
the answer is B. The Dead
Use the Terms and Names list to complete each sentence online or on your own paper.
A. Second New Deal
B. American Federation of Labor
C. Social Security Act
D. Congress of Industrial Organizations
E. Herbert Hoover
F. Dust Bowl
G. First New Deal
H. Twentieth Amendment
I. Eleanor Roosevelt
J. Stock Market Crash of 1929
K. Franklin Delano Roosevelt
L. Hundred Days
M. Buying on Margin
N. Great Depression
The ____ was the 1933 to 1935 program created by President Roosevelt to fight the Depression.
The Hundred Days was the 1933 to 1935 program created by President Roosevelt to fight the Depression. It refers to the initial period of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's presidency, starting from his inauguration in March 1933. During this time, Roosevelt swiftly implemented a series of measures and reforms as part of his New Deal agenda to address the severe economic crisis of the Great Depression.
The Hundred Days saw the passage of numerous landmark legislations, including the Social Security Act, which established a system of social insurance and welfare programs to provide assistance to the elderly, unemployed, and disabled. It also witnessed the establishment of the Works Progress Administration (WPA) and the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) to provide jobs and stimulate economic recovery.
Roosevelt's bold and swift actions during the Hundred Days represented a significant shift in government intervention in the economy and marked a departure from the limited role of the federal government under his predecessor, Herbert Hoover. These policies aimed to alleviate poverty, create employment opportunities, stabilize the banking system, and restore confidence in the economy.
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Why was the medieval times in historical progression of psychology so interesting?
1. Describe the period and its zeitgeist in detail
2. List a philosopher/ psychologist of the time
3. List a philosopher/ psychologist of the time
4. How did this specific period help move psychology forward
Before this time in European history, there was the Middle Ages, also referred to as the Dark Ages, when there was a prevalent conviction that mental illness was caused by demonic possession, witchcraft, and superstition, and when religion predominated in academia.
1. The Renaissance was built on the insights of thinkers like St. Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, and Roger Bacon regarding the inner workings of the human mind. Greek philosophers like Symeon Seth, a Jew, who lived in the 11th century, and Niketas Stethatos, who lived between 1000 and 1090 CE, explored the nature of dreams and emotions as well as mental illnesses and the brain. The Byzantine Empire perpetuated Greek wisdom in the East.
2. Philosopher or psychologist of that time is Descartes (1596-1650) and Kant (1724-1804).
3. Philosopher or psychologist of that time is Descartes (1596-1650) and Kant (1724-1804).
4. While early philosophers studied and made inferences about human mind and behavior using techniques like observation and logic, modern psychologists use scientific methodology. The ultimate emergence of psychology as a scientific field was also influenced by physiology.
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