Use your knowledge of microorganisms to complete this table.

The main benefit of this technology is that only those patients that need this medication will obtain it and thereby they won't be wasting it.

Personalized medicine is an emerging approach in clinical setting where medications are developed according to the features of each patient.

Personalized medicine may raise concerns regarding the cost of individual non-generalized treatments but they are very useful to treat specific conditions.

In conclusion, the main benefit of this technology is that only those patients that need this medication will obtain it and thereby they won't be wasting it.

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Left anterior descending artery is not perfused as blood flows from the venae cava to the pulmonary veins.

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Left anterior descending artery structure is not perfused as blood flows from the venae cavae to the pulmonary veins.

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10 protons are pumped by the membrane-associated electron transport system across the membrane for every molecule of NADH that is oxidized.

Two protons are pumped across the membrane by this last complex in the electron transport chain, which also completes the ultimate transfer of electrons to oxygen. NADH molecule enters the electron transfer chain after passing a total of 10 protons across the membrane.

The inner membrane of the mitochondria contains a number of chemical compounds and proteins that make up the electron transport chain. In a sequence of redox reactions, electrons are transferred from one component of the transport chain to another. In these processes, energy is released as a proton gradient, which is then utilized to produce ATP through a process known as chemiosmosis. Oxidative phosphorylation is a process that involves both chemiosmosis and the electron transport chain.

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Specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the adrenal glands.

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Eukaryotic cells have their chromosomes packed in the nucleus.

Eukaryotic chromosomes are located inside the cell's nucleus. The principal function that distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell is the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus. This nucleus is the “control center” of the cell that stores all of the cellular's genetic records, or DNA.

In eukaryotes, however, genetic material is housed inside the nucleus and tightly packaged into linear chromosomes. Chromosomes are made of a DNA-protein complex called chromatin which is prepared into subunits called nucleosomes.

All eukaryotes have a well-described nucleus that consists of DNA. DNA is a negatively charged polymer, packed compactly inside the chromatin, engirdling the histone proteins, a ball of positively charged proteins. The octamer of histone proteins is wrapped with a DNA helix, giving rise to a structure known as nucleosomes.

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The atmosphere reflects colors

Explaination :

More atmosphere means more molecules to scatter the violet and blue light away from your eyes. If the path is long enough, all of the blue and violet light scatters out of your line of sight. The other colors continue on their way to your eyes. This is why sunsets are often yellow, orange, and red.”

Answer:

the answer of this question is True.

The statement is true because the rise in population of one species of bird limiting the nesting space of other species is an example of interspecific, indirect competition.

In interspecific indirect competition, the individual from two different species compete for shared resources.

During the interspecific indirect competition, two specie compete for the resources and the species which can exploit more resources in less time can win over this battle.  

Interspecific competition is a way in which abiotic and biotic factors can interact to affect the structure of a community.

As speculated by Darwin, interspecific competition can limit the count of species in an ecosystem and helps in macroevolution. It also underlines the positive correlation between, extinction and origination rate.

The competition between organisms belonging to two different species is an example of interspecific competition and because the Organisms are not directly interacting, this will be categorized as indirect interspecific competition and therefore the given statement is true.

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When a person is anxious or fearful, the autonomic nervous system shunts blood away from peripheral veins to the core of the body - TRUE

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The ecological experiment is natural based, as their name suggests, are not controlled by anyone. These are natural disturbance to an environment. The ecosystem itself is an experiment, for instance, following a natural disaster, a shift in the climate, or the introduction of exotic species.

Disturbances are significant natural forces that shape the dynamics of forest ecosystems and significantly influence their composition and functionality. As a result, shifting disturbance patterns may significantly affect forest ecosystems, potentially having long-lasting effects on their biological richness and ability to deliver ecosystem services to the general public.

Ecosystem management necessitates a thorough comprehension of the effects of natural disturbances in order to offer ecosystem services to society while promoting biodiversity.

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A percutaneous vertebroplasty is a procedure which is minimally invasive that is performed in order to treat osteoporosis related compression fractures of the spine.

Vertebroplasty is a procedure which helps stabilizing the spine by treating the compression fractures in it. This is done by injecting the bone cement into the vertebrae on the back bones which has been broken or cracked due to osteoporosis.

The added cement hardens up and helps in the stabilizing the fractures present in the spine and supporting it. This procedure in minimally invasive as it is done through just through a small puncture in the skin instead of open incision.

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Because more water than solutes are reabsorbed between Bowman's capsule and the collecting duct, specific gravity rises.

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Answer:

Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration . Diffusion occurs in liquids and gases when their particles collide randomly and spread out. Diffusion is an important process for living things - it is how substances move in and out of cells.

Explanation:

Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration . Diffusion occurs in liquids and gases when their particles collide randomly and spread out. Diffusion is an important process for living things - it is how substances move in and out of cells.

Main Answer:

ATP Production will not change as change in wavelength because it depends on no. of photons striking the surface means intensity of light.

Explanation:

ATP Production is depend upon intensity of light and not on wavelength of light.

No. of electrons involved in ATP Production depends on intensity of light.

If the light intensity is about 1000, then it will not positively affect ATP synthesis. Because enzymes do not function properly, it may harm photosynthesis.

The sunlight acts as a catalyst for the photosynthesis process and promotes the production of ATP (energy), glucose, and oxygen. The sunlight breaks the water molecule and forms the electron. This process is called photolysis of water and takes place in the thylakoid membrane. This occurs in the thylakoid membrane's Photosystem II (PS II). 

Electrons move from photosystem II to photosystem I. The movement of the electron generates the proton gradient across the membrane. Due to the higher protons inside the lumen of the thylakoid, these move to the outer side, and as a result, ATP synthase makes ATP. If such a bright light shines on these complexes, the enzymes will stop working and ATP synthesis will suffer.

Hence, an increase in light intensity would have a negative impact on ATP production.

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If a muscle is provided with a rapid series of threshold stimuli, the process of summation can lead to maximal sustained contraction called Tetanus.

A state of prolong contraction of a muscle during which the muscle does not rest to its initial length or tension, induced by a rapid succession of stimuli. Tetanus is a medical condition characterized by a lengthy contraction of skeletal muscle fibers, the primary symptoms are caused by tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin produced by the Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani. A tetanus infection requires emergency and long-term supportive care while the disease runs its course. Treatment consists of wound care and medications .

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Answer:

One molecule of glucose goes through the process of cellular respiration to produce 36 ATP. Glucose is broken down to form pyruvate during the first step of cellular respiration, which is then used to fuel the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

Glucose is used to make energy in cellular respiration.

It produces the molecule ATP, the main energy storage and transfer unit of a cell.

Also, Cells this in order to remain healthy and active.

Explanation:

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The absence of nucleosomes in a section of the genome is known as a nucleosome-free region (NFR). They are frequently located at the start and end of genes.

The repeating unit in eukaryotic chromatin that resembles beads on a thread is called a nucleosome. There are roughly 150 base pairs of DNA in one nucleosome. DNA packaging is carried out by eukaryotic cells to fit the lengthy DNA strands into each cell's nucleus. The system is constructed by wrapping DNA around eight histone protein cores.

It is believed that an NFR at the start of a gene is crucial for gene activation. A gene's correct termination may depend on the NFR at its terminus.

A nucleosome on a promoter stops transcription from starting. Thus, the nucleosome functions as a repressor of all transcription in addition to being a general gene repressor.

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Given that the surroundings' net ΔS is positive and the process as a whole has a negative G, this entropic cost does not stop spontaneous protein folding.

Description of the protein folding and entropy penalty scenario:

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In test tube B i.e., egg, albumin, pepsin and HCl the digestion of protein will occur as HCl will breakdown protein into simple molecules.

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A student sets up an experiment to study the role of enzymes in digestion of food. In test tube A, he added egg albumin and pepsin. In test tube B, he added egg albumin, pepsin and HCl. In which test tube, the digestion of protein will occur? *

Test tube A as pepsin will breakdown into simple molecules.

Test tube B as HCl will breakdown protein into simple molecules.

Test tubes A as pepsin will breakdown protein into simple molecules.

Test tube B as HCl will activate pepsin for breakdown of protein into simple molecules.

The correct word is chromatin.

Chromatin is a mixture of decondensed chromosomes and proteins. The chromosomes are responsible for storing genetic information and transferring such from one generation to the other.

When cells are in active divisions, the chromatin condenses and the tangle of fine fibers become visible under the microscope as chromosomes.

Once active divisions are over, the chromosomes decondense back to their natural states.

Thus, in cells that are not dividing, chromosomes uncoil to form a tangle of fine fibers known as chromatin.

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The virus that causes rabies travels up nerve cells to the brain and spinal cord. Endosomes cell structures will allow the virus to move through the nerve cells

The main function of endosomes is intracellular sorting. They control the movement of proteins and lipids between the plasma membrane Golgi, the trans-Golgi network (TGN), and vacuoles and lysosomes, among other subcellular compartments in the secretory and endocytic pathway.

Endocytic carrier vesicles move materials destined for lysosomal breakdown from early endosomes to late endosomes. Later, late endosomes merge with transport vesicles carrying lysosomal hydrolases from the trans-Golgi network (TGN), maturing them into lysosomes.

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A body of underground water, usually comprised of water saturated regolith, is permeable, and replenishes lakes and streams, is known as a aquifer.

Groundwater to be able to get into a rock with good porosity it must also have good permeability. For a rock to be permeable and for water to move through it, the pore spaces between the grains in the rock must be connected. Permeability is therefore a measure of the ability of water to move through a rock.

An aquifer is a body of rock and/or sediment that holds groundwater. Groundwater is the word used to describe precipitation that has infiltrated the soil beyond the surface and collected in empty spaces underground. There are two general types of aquifers confined and unconfined.

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Cholecystokinin is perspired by cells of the upper little intestine. Its secretion is stimulated by the introduction of hydrochloric acid, amino acids, or fatty acids into the stomach or duodenum.

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The dam and reservoir can flood habitats is a is a future consequence of the use of hydropower from dams on the environment .

A  a renewable energy source, or one that has a capacity for hydraulic use over time. Water fits as a substance that is always recomposing in the terrestrial environment.

Today it is known that they cause major environmental impacts, such as the decomposition of submerged vegetation that gives rise to gases such as methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, which cause climate change.

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In the context of protein digestion, protein breakdown into its amino acid constituents is completed by proteases produced in the small intestine

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A neuron conducting an impulse from the stomach wall to the cns would be classified as visceral sensory neuron.

Unipolar neurons called visceral afferent neurons enter the spinal cord through the dorsal root and have their cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia. Visceral sensory neurons keep an eye on the organ systems and internal surroundings.

The GI tract and bladder's visceral afferent fibres transmit information that enables appropriate digestion, excretion, and urination. Reflex reactions to sensory information like distension include smooth muscle contraction (in the wall and sphincters) and mucosal secretion.

Therefore,A neuron conducting an impulse from the stomach wall to the cns would be classified as visceral sensory neuron.

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A neuron conducting an impulse from the stomach wall to the CNS would be classified as Visceral Sensory Neuron.

These neuron transfer information for the normal functioning of digestion and elimination.

They are Unipolar neurons entering the spinal cord and are located in the dorsal root ganglia.

The visceral nervous system is a part of PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) which transfer information between CNS (Central Nervous System) to the visceral organs like Stomach and Intestine.

These Peripheral nerves innervates the muscles and body walls.

Vagus, Glossopharyngeal and facial nerves contains visceral sensory neurons.

Visceral Sensory neurons are responsible for the contraction of smooth muscle and the secretion of the mucosa.

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A researcher discovers that, in one test, the charcoal filter and humidifier were turned off for the airflow administered to the mice. This data should be collected due to possible contamination with other unintended odors.

Basically, humidifiers add moisture to the air, a function that can be done in different ways, such as cold mist or hot mist. While air purifiers do not add moisture, but work the air through filters that seek to remove impurities.

With this information, we can conclude that should be collected due to possible contamination with other unintended odors.

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Answer:

Option b

Explanation:

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In order to produce spermatids, a primary spermatocyte undergoes two divisions

Primitive cells termed spermatogonia multiply through mitosis during spermatocytogenesis. When a B spermatogonium produces two primary spermatocytes, mitosis is complete.

During meiosis, the number of original spermatocytes that are diploid is halved. During meiosis I, a primary spermatocyte divides into two secondary spermatocytes, which are eventually changed into (1N) spermatids during meiosis II. A quick second meiotic division occurs. Compared to their ancestor spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids are often larger.

Therefore, In order to produce spermatids, a primary spermatocyte undergoes two divisions.

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Answer:

=> C. ribs

Explanation:

=> The appendicular skeleton is composed of the bones of the pectoral limbs (arm, forearm, hand), the pelvic limbs (thigh, leg, foot), the pectoral girdle, and the pelvic girdle.

=> Ribs is a part of the axial skeleton.