When a certain quantity of CO gas reacts, the value for the environment is 197.77 J/K.
What is entropy of a typical reaction?Whether a reaction will occur spontaneously is influenced by its standard entropy. The overall entropy of the system and its surroundings always rises as a result of a spontaneous reaction, according to the second rule of thermodynamics: Not all gases have the same molar entropy.
How is the entropy change of a reaction calculated?To calculate the reaction's enthalpy, S°, add up the absolute entropies of the reactants and products and subtract them from one another. Then, multiply each result by the relevant stoichiometric factors.
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what effect did the electrolytes have on the electrical conductivity through the water? use your observations to explain your answer.
The electrolytes will have higher conductivity when the electrolytes dissolves through the water
When an electrolyte dissolves in water, an electric current will flow through the solution. Electrolytes conduct electricity by dissociating the electrolyte solution into ions.
Other elements or compounds in water that provide free ions, such as sodium chloride. Pure water can conduct electricity depending on pressure and volume (also known as voltage and current), but it is a relatively weak conductor.
Most water contains trace elements that contribute to ions and allow electrical conductivity. The more ions, the higher the conductivity. In the broadest sense, an element or compound that dissolves in water and can add ions to the solution causes a higher electrical conductivity.
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How do valence electrons affect atoms and where are these located?.
The Valence electrons are the electrons located at the outermost shell of an atom.
This is because when two atoms interact the outermost electrons touch each other first and determine how the atoms react in a chemical reaction. Valence electrons are in the outermost occupied shell of the atom. They are important because they play a major role in determining the chemical properties of atoms.
Depending on the number of valence electrons in an atom the atom can become unreactive or highly reactive. For reactive atoms, the number of valence electrons determines whether they are likely to lose or gain electrons in chemical reactions. Metals that readily donate electrons can conduct electricity.
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You used Excel to plot the relationship of enthalpy of combustion and the number of carbons in the alcohols tested. Select ALL the statements that are applicable to the plot you should have obtained.
Remember: partial credit will not be given for partial answers.
The alcohol with the fewest amount of carbon atoms would result with the lowest enthalpy value.
The X axis represents the change in temperature.
The fitting equation should be linear.
A low R-square value indicates the data fit well to the equation.
The fitting equation should be exponential.
The statements that are applicable to the plot regarding the enthalpy will be:
The alcohol with the fewest amount of carbon atoms would result with the lowest enthalpy value.The fitting equation should be linear.What is enthalpy?A thermodynamic system's enthalpy is the sum of its internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume. The alcohol with the fewest carbon atoms would have the lowest enthalpy value. The temperature change is represented by the X axis. The equation for fitting should be linear. A low R-square value indicates that the data fits the equation well.
It is a state function used in many measurements in chemical, biological, and physical systems at constant pressure, which the large ambient atmosphere conveniently provides.
In this case, it should be noted that the r value will be near to 1 and the equation is linear.
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determine the oxidation numbers of each of the elements in the following reactions and identify which of them are oxidized and reduced, if any: b) 2mnco3(s) o2(g) -> 2mno2(s) 2co2(g)
The oxidation numbers of each of the elements in the following reactions and identify which of them are oxidized and reduced is manganese is oxidized and oxygen is reduced.
The reaction is given as :
`2MnCO₃ + O₂ -----> 2MnO₂ + 2CO₂
in reactant side oxidation number of Mn = +2, C = +4 , O = -2
in reactant side oxidation number of O in O₂ = 0
in product side oxidation number of Mn = + 4 , O = -2
in product side oxidation number in CO₂ , C = +4 , O = -2
so the increase in oxidation number is oxidation and the decrease in oxidation number is reduction.
Thus, The oxidation numbers of each of the elements in the following reactions and identify which of them are oxidized and reduced is manganese is oxidized and oxygen is reduced.
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What are the 3 radicals?.
As illustrated here, there are two different types of radicals: neutral radicals or charged radicals. Additionally, there are two different kinds of radicals: sigma radicals and pi radicals.
What exactly are radicals, and what different kinds are there?Radicals are organisms that have the minimum number of unpaired electrons necessary for independent existence in the shells from around atomic nucleus. Due to the fact that it contains two unpaired electrons, the oxygen molecule itself is a radical and is referred to as a biradical.
What is radical, exactly?Radicals, also known as Free Radicals, are molecules in chemistry that have at least one extra electron. The majority of molecules have an even number of electrons, and the pairs of electrons that make up the covalent chemical bonds that hold the molecules' atoms together are typically shared by the atoms that make up the bond.
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what is the buffer range (for an effective 2.0 ph unit) for benzoic acid/sodium benzoate buffer? [ka for benzoic acid is 6.3 x 10-5].
A benzoic acid/sodium benzoate buffers has a range of 8.8 to 10.8 (for an effective 2.0 ph unit) [ka for benzoic acid is 6.3 x 10-5].
What is a benzoic acid used for?Because it has its best antibacterial action at a pH range of 2.5 to 4.0, benzoic acid (BA) is just a frequently employed antibacterial preservation in foods and beverages, particularly carbonated ones. The bacterial growth and yeasts, a key contributor to food deterioration, are inhibited by BA.
Is benzoic acid a poison?In typical conditions, benzoic acid is stable and non-toxic. Benzoic acid may still constitute a health risk despite the lack of occupational exposure limits, hence safe work procedures should always be followed: After, properly wash your hands.
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What would be the expected coupling (splitting) pattern for the
CH2
in the following molecule? tinglet (1) derablet (d) triplet (t) quartet (q) What would the expected coupling (splitting) pattem for the indicatedCH2
. In the tollowing molecule? dirubiet (d) tipletit) quirtust (in)
The splitting patter for doublet would be 3.96 ppm, corresponding to the two Ha protons, is split into two subpeaks of equal height and area, and the splitting pattern for triplet would be 5.76 ppm.
The 1H-NMR spectra that we have seen so far (of methyl acetate and para-xylene) are somewhat unusual in the sense that in both of these molecules, each set of protons generates a single NMR signal. In fact, the 1H-NMR spectra of most organic molecules contain proton signals that are 'split' into two or more sub-peaks. Rather than being a complication, however, this splitting behavior actually provides us with more information about our sample molecule.
The source of signal splitting is a phenomenon called spin-spin coupling, a term that describes the magnetic interactions between neighboring, non-equivalent NMR-active nuclei. The magnetic environment experienced by Hb is influenced by the fields of both neighboring Ha protons, which we will call Ha1 and Ha2.
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which nuclear decay process decreases the neutron/proton ratio?a.alpha emissionb.beta emissionc.electron captured.positron emission
Are beta emission with a lower neutron/proton ratio was caused by nuclear decay.
What is electron example?The electron, as smallest constituent part of an atom, has to have a negative charge. Proton and electrons are both present in an equal proportion in a neutral atom. Each hydrogen atom only contains one proton or electron. On the other hand, an atom of uranium has 92 protons, which translates to 92 electrons.
What is in a electron?An negative charges subatomic particle known as an electron can either be free or attached to an atom (not bound). One of the three principal types of atoms within an atom is an electron that is bonded to it; other 2 were protons and neutrons.
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Why does lithium form a 1 ion?.
When the electrons are filled in the electron shells in lithium it's 2,1 it forms a +1 charge because it needs to loose one electron inorder to gain stable elctronic configuration
What is lithium ?Chemical element lithium has the symbol Li and atomic number 3. A soft, silvery-white alkali metal, it is. It is the least dense solid element and the least dense metal under typical conditions.
3 protons and 3 electrons make up an atom of lithium. It is capable of losing an electron, turning it into an ion. Now that it has more positive protons than negative ones, it is positively charged overall. Consequently, it is a positive ion.Compared to most of the other Periodic Table elements, lithium has a larger atomic radius. Lithium has a positive charge when in compounds.Learn more about Lithium here:
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How many grams are in 1.25 moles of Sodium Chloride / NaCl?
Answer:
Moles to grams: 73.05346250000001
Cis stilbene has a melting point of 5-6oC whereas trans stilbene has a melting point of 123oC. Explain this difference in melting points of the two isomers.
Because bulky groups are located on the other side of the double bond in trans isomers as opposed to cis isomers, the melting point of trans isomers is often higher. Because of its symmetry, the molecule fits neatly into the crystal lattice.
What is Melting point ?The temperature at which a substance transforms from a solid to a liquid is known as its melting point. The solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium at the melting point. Pressure affects a substance's melting point, which is typically reported at a standard pressure such 1 atmosphere or 100 kPa.
A high accuracy Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) instrument calibrated to the ITS 90 International Temperature Scale is used to calculate melting points. These standards have melting temperatures that range from benzophenone (47–49 °C) to anthraquinone (283-286 °C).
Cis isomers are molecules that have the same degree of atomic connection. On the same side of a double bond, they have same side groups. Molecules in trans isomers are positioned on the opposing sides of a double bond and share the same side groups. Nearly all cis isomers are polar.
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Write a brief paragraph that distinguishes between a reaction that goes to completion and one that reaches equilibrium. Your paragraph should include all the following terms, used appropriately – reversible, limiting reagent, excess reagent, can occur in an open system, can occur in a closed system, and rates of reaction.
If a reaction reaches to completion it means entire amount of reactants has been converted into products. On the other hand, if a reaction reaches equilibrium no net change in amounts of reactants & products occur.
What is equilibrium?
An equilibrium represents a state in process when observable properties such as colour, temperature, pressure, concentration etc do not show any change.
It is a reversible means which can takes place in both directions i.e forward & backward & the rate of reaction depends upon parameters like temperature & pressure etc. For example, if reaction is endothermic increasing temperature favours more products whlie decrease in temperature favours production of reactants.Equilibrium can occur only in closed system because in open system equilibrium cannot be established while completion reaction can takes place in both type of systems.In a completion reaction, limiting reagent is reagent which stops the reaction because it has fewer number of moles. While excess reagent is reagent which has higher number of moles & remains in some amount after the reaction gets completed.Learn more about Equilibrium at Brainly.com https://brainly.com/question/18849238
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What is magnesium hydroxide antacid?.
Magnesium Hydroxide (pronounced magna NEE Shum hye DROX ide) is an antacid and laxative. Constipated individuals benefit from it. These include acid indigestion, heartburn, and sour stomach.
How dangerous is magnesium hydroxide?Constipation-relieving medication should not be used excessively or for an extended period of time because this may lead to a need for frequent laxative use. Aside from dehydration and mineral imbalances, excessive use can also result in persistent diarrhea (such as high magnesium). If your illness continues or gets worse, let your doctor know.
Magnesium hydroxide: what dosage is secure?15 to 30 mL PO daily, ideally at bedtime, or as prescribed by a doctor. The daily dose might be divided into smaller amounts and used up to four times daily. As a single dose or even in divided doses, take 3 to 6 pills orally each day. Maximum daily dosage: six pills.
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mix two 15ml portions 0.1 m solutions of silver nitrate and potassium chromate to determine the empirical formula of the precipitate formed.
The empirical formula is [tex]K_{2} Cr_{2} O_{7}[/tex], Potassium dichromate, which is a precipitate.
When two solutions are combined, a precipitation process occurs, producing an insoluble substance called a precipitate. A reddish precipitate of silver dichromate is created when a colorless solution of silver nitrate is combined with a yellow-orange solution of potassium dichromate.
[tex]AgNO_{3} + K_{2} CrO_{4} - > K_{2} Cr_{2} O_{7} (precipitate)[/tex]
Silver Nitrate + Potassium Chromate -> Potassium Dichromate
Thus, when one of the products is insoluble, precipitation reactions, a subclass of exchange reactions, take place between ionic compounds. Such reactions are commonly referred to as double-displacement reactions since both components of each molecule shift partners. Metals that have been extracted from their ores and precious metals that can be recovered for recycling are separated using precipitation reactions.
When two strong electrolyte solutions are combined, a precipitation process happens, and a solid precipitate forms. As previously mentioned, no net reaction will occur if none of the species in the solution react.
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6. (18 pts) t-buok, heat the following reactions lead to different elimination products and at different reaction rate. reaction a) is slower than reaction b) and the product is a disubstituted alkene. provide an explanation for these observations.
t-buok, heat the reactions lead to different elimination products and at different reaction rate reaction will be slower.
In transformation reactions, tBuOK must have become widely used in recent years. For instance, using a single-electron reduction pathway, tBuOK may facilitate coupling reactions between haloarenes and arenes, and styrene's to form biphenyls as well as stilbenes.
A powerful hindered base, including tert-butoxide, could be utilised to steer the reactions towards elimination. Tert-butoxide is a bulky compound that makes it challenging for oxygen to access carbon
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what is 3.4 x 10^24 molecules of NaHCO3?
From the calculation, the molecule would contain 5.6 molecules.
What is the number of moles?We know that According to Avogadro, we can be able to find the number of moles that are found in a molecules given that one mole of every molecule that we have would have a number of atoms that have been set at 6.02 * 10^23 molecules.
Now we know from the law of Avogadro that;
1 mole of the compound is going to have or contain 6.02 * 10^23 molecules.
Then we should also know that if we have 3.4 x 10^24 molecules of the compound we have; 3.4 x 10^24 molecules/6.02 * 10^23 molecules * 1 moles = 5.6 moles
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What is a neutral atom example?.
Around the nucleus are electrons. We refer to an atom as neutral when its protons and electrons are in equal numbers. As a result, atoms are neutral in their natural states.
Six protons comprise carbon. When an atom has an equal amount of protons and electrons, it also has an equal number of positive and negative electric charges, which are represented by the electrons (the protons). Because of this, an atom is said to be neutral because its overall electric charge is zero. Because of this, every element in the periodic table has a neutral atom.
Both nucleons—protons and neutrons—can be joined by the nuclear force to create atomic nuclei. The proton alone makes up the nucleus of the most prevalent hydrogen isotope.
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which reagents/reaction conditions will successfully hydrolyze a cyano group (cn) to a carboxylic acid group (cooh)? select all that apply.
A cyano group (cn) will successfully hydrolyze to a carboxylic acid group when H3O+, heat -OH, and H2O are present (cooh). Numerous reactions can occur to nitriles, including hydrolysis to carboxylic acids.
Why is KCN chosen over HCN?Instead of HCN, KCN (potassium cyanide) is frequently employed as the reagent to give the nucleophile (hydrogen cyanide). This is because HCN interacts to produce hazardous byproducts and is difficult to store as a gas.
What kind of product results from the reaction of an organolithium or Grignard reagent with an aldehyde or ketone?Aldehydes or ketones' carbonyl group, C=O, reacts with organolithium or Grignard reagents to produce alcohols. The type of alcohol produced depends on the carbonyl's substitutes. Primary alcohols are produced when methanal (formaldehyde) is added.
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Which symbol represents a particle that has a mass approximately equal to the mass of a neutron.
Symbol that represents a particle that has a mass approximately equal to the mass of a neutron is ρ
a. α particle:
Alpha particles are made up of helium nuclei, so they contain two protons and two neutrons. Its mass is therefore much larger than that of a neutron.
B) β+
This particle is a positron emitted in beta plus decay. A positron is the same as an electron except that it has a positive charge instead of a negative charge. As such, it has the same mass as an electron, about 1800 times less than the mass of protons and neutrons.
C) β-
This particle is a fast-moving electron emitted in a beta-negative decay. The mass of an electron is , which is much smaller than the mass of protons and neutrons.
D) ρ
This symbol represents a proton. A proton has a mass of and is positively charged. Neutron masses are very similar to proton masses (only slightly larger).
Therefore, Symbol that represents a particle that has a mass approximately equal to the mass of a neutron is ρ the correct answer is D) ρ
your question is incomplete, but most probably the full question is
Which symbol represents a particle that has a
mass approximately equal to the mass of a
neutron?
A) α
B) β+
C) β-
D) ρ
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How did the oxygen revolution increase diversity?.
An rise in marine life, significant changes in species types, and even changes in the make-up of the ocean floors were all part of the simultaneous three-fold increase in biodiversity.
Which diversity do you mean?Diversity refers to the characteristics that distinguish each of us from one another, including our histories, personalities, experiences from our pasts, and beliefs. These characteristics together make up who we are. Our worldview, viewpoint, and methodology are all shaped by a confluence of our individual variations.
What exactly are examples of diversity?Diversity is the integration of a wide variety of people from various racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic origins. Diversity can take many forms, including differences in gender, color, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, and political views. Since it helps social groups to grow, variety is widely regarded nowadays.
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In the laboratory, the temperature is 295 k and the total pressure in the gas-collecting tube is 748. 6 mmhg. If the vapor pressure of water at 295 k is 19. 8 mmhg, determine the pressure of the h2(g) in the gas-collecting tube.
According to the Dalton Law in a blend of non-reacting gases, the entire pressure will be equivalent to the total of partial pressures of the individual gases.
The pressure of H₂ gas collected in the tube will be 728.8mm Hg.
This can be calculated by:
Dalton's formula:
Ptotoal = PH2O + PH2
Given :
Ptotal = total pressure of gases = 748. 6mm Hg
PH2O = partial pressure of water = 19.8 mm Hg
PH2 = partial pressure of hydrogen = ?
Now using the formula we will calculate:
748. 6mm Hg = 19.8 mm Hg + PH2
728.8mm Hg = PH2
Therefore, the pressure of the hydrogen in the tube is 728.8mm Hg.
Hence 728.8mm Hg is a correct answer.
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se what you learned in this question to explain why the imine you synthesized is colorful, yet the compounds you made them from (salicylaldehyde and 2-aminophenol) are not.
The imine you synthesized is colorful, yet the compounds you made them from (salicylaldehyde and 2- aminophenol) are not it is because the conjugation pattern of double bonds present in secondary amine and imine is different.
What is imine ?A functional group or chemical compound containing a carbon–nitrogen double bond. The nitrogen atom can be attached to a hydrogen (H) or an organic group (R). If this group is not a hydrogen atom, then the compound can sometimes be referred to as a Schiff base.
If, in an imine molecule, the ligand on the nitrogen atom is an alkyl or aryl group, the imine is also called a Schiff’s base. The carbon-nitrogen double bond in an imine molecule is called the imine group.
compounds containing only single bonds are transparent to uv rays but compounds containing conjugated double bonds are visible under the uv lamp.
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Calculate the frequency of visible light having a wavelength of 568.8 nm. a. 170.5 s b. 1.897 x 10 c. 1.897 x 10's d. 5.271 x 10's e. 5.271 x 104 s
The frequency of visible light will be 5.271 × 10¹⁴ s⁻¹
Frequency = speed of light / wavelength
Frequency = ( 3 • 10^8ms-1 ) / ( 568.8nm )
Frequency = ( 3 • 10^8ms-1 ) / ( 568.8 • 10^-9m )
Frequency = [ 3 / 568.8 ] • 10^17 s-1
Frequency = 5.271 × 10¹⁴ s⁻¹
The wavelength of a wave describes how lengthy the wave is. The distance from the "crest" (top) of 1 wave to the crest of the following wave is the wavelength. Alternately, we can degree from the "trough" (bottom) of 1 wave to the trough of the subsequent wave and get an equal price for the wavelength.
Wavelength: the space between one peak and the following in a chain of waves, or the distance between one trough and the following. It is also one of the “yardsticks” used to measure radiation.
The SI unit of wavelength meters. At the same time as measuring wavelength, the multiples or fractions of a meter are also used. Extensively, exponential powers of 10 are used whilst wavelengths are of huge assets.
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A subunit of an organic compound that confers particular chemical and physical properties is termed.
A subunit of an organic compound that confers particular chemical and physical properties is a functional group.
An organic compound is a member of a class of chemicals containing carbon atoms sure to each other and different atoms by means of covalent bonds and located inside the cells of dwelling organisms. Hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are ordinary elements that, in addition to carbon, make up natural compounds. Organic compounds are essential compounds that comprise carbon and hydrogen.
They may be critical to financial increase and are foundational to the fields of biochemistry, biotechnology, and medicine. Examples of where you could discover natural compounds consist of agrichemicals, coatings, cosmetics, detergent, dyestuff, meals, fuel, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, plastics, and rubber.
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how would you prepare 1-phenyl-2-butanone, c6h5ch2coch2ch3, from benzylbromide, c6h5ch2br? more than one step is required.
The first step is to convert benzyl bromide to benzyl nitrile by adding sodium cyanide.
The second step is to convert benzyl nitrile to 1-phenyl-2-butanone via Grignard Reagent.
Sodium cyanide is a poisonous compound with the formula NaCN. It is a white, water-soluble solid. Cyanide has a high affinity for metals, which leads to the high toxicity of this salt. Its main application, in gold mining, also exploits its high reactivity toward metals. It is a moderately strong base.
A Grignard reagent is an organomagnesium compound which can be described by the chemical formula 'R-Mg-X' where R refers to an alkyl or aryl group and X refers to a halogen. They are generally produced by reacting an aryl halide or an alkyl halide with magnesium.
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Complete the mechanism for the Hofmann elimination reaction by adding the missing curved arrow notation. Be sure to add any missing lone pairs and nonzero formal charges. Then in part two sort the common elementary steps in the order in which they are used in this mechanism. 1st attempt Part 1 (2 points) 늬See Periodic Table 0 See Hint 0 Add lone pairs and curved arrows to complete the mechanistic step.
The Hofmann elimination would be the process by which an amine is eliminated to produce alkenes. The Hofmann product, the least stable alkyl group, is created.
By treating quaternary ammonium using excessive amounts of methyl iodide, then treating the resultant chemical with silver oxide, water, as well as heat, Hofmann's elimination produces tertiary amines including alkenes. Imidazolium iodide solution is the end result of treating quaternary ammonium with too much methyl iodide. After the hydroxyl anion replaces the iodine, the alkene can be created by an elimination reaction.
As was previously said, Hofmann elimination refers to the method of converting quaternary ammonium into tertiary amines as well as alkenes.
Additionally known as extensive methylation, this procedure. According to the Hofmann rule, when it comes to asymmetrical amines, the primary alkene product would be the lowest substituted as well as the least stable product. The German chemist August Gottfried Wilhelm Hofmann, who made the discovery, gave the Hofmann elimination procedure its name. The Hofmann elimination is exemplified in the next example.
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Do metals become more reactive as you move from left to right on the periodic table?.
The periodic table does not show that metals become more reactive as you move from left to right. However, the reactivity drops off from the periodic table's left to right.
Additionally, the periodic table is read left to right. Because an element must have high energies to remove the additional electrons from their valence shells, elements have lesser chemical reactivity. A tabular representation of the chemical elements is known as the periodic table, or periodic table of the (chemical) elements and reactivity drops off from the periodic table's left to right. It is commonly regarded as an icon of chemistry and is utilized extensively in physics, chemistry, and other sciences. A periodic table is a list of chemical elements ordered in order of atomic number, typically in rows.
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How do valence electrons impact the type of bonds an atom makes?(1 point) responses.
A valence electron is an electron that is part of an atom's outer shell and can take part in the synthesis of a chemical bond .
How do valence electrons impact the type of bonds an atom?What and how many other atoms an atom can bind with depends on how many valence electrons it has. For instance, because of the octet rule, carbon desires to add four additional electrons to its orbital even though it already has four valence electrons. As a result, carbon may form four single hydrogen bonds as CH4.A valence electron is an electron that is part of an atom's outer shell and can take part in the synthesis of a chemical bond if the outer shell is open. Each atom in the bond contributes one valence electron to create a shared pair in a single covalent bond.To learn more about valence electrons refer,
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How long is canned chicken salad good for in the refrigerator?.
The atmopheric preure at 2000m altitude i
560. MmHg. What i the atmopheric preure in atm?
This issue requests for the atmospheric pressure in units of atmospheres, which is 560 mmHg at 2000 meters above sea level is 0.737 atm.
Is the air's pressure exactly one atmosphere?The Earth's mean sea-level atmospheric pressure is roughly equivalent to one atm, or one atmosphere, and is measured in the atm unit. In most cases, the hydrostatic pressure brought on by the weight of the air above the measuring location is a near approximation to atmospheric pressure.
How much pressure is there 2000 meters below sea level?Over 1,270kg (2,800lbs) of force is applied to every square inch of an ROV's surface when it descends to a depth of 2,000 meters.
In order to get the correct conversion, we use the following equivalence statement relating mercury millimeters and atmospheres:
calculation:-760 mmHg = 1 atm
Hence, the required conversion turns out to be:
560 mmHg*(1atm/700)=0.737 atm.
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