Answers
We must select an acid-base combination with a pKa value close to the target pH in order to construct a buffer with a pH of 4.0. The acetic acid (CH3COOH) and sodium acetate (CH3COONa) combination has a pKa of 4.76, which is sufficiently near to the desired pH of 4.0, as can be seen from the table.
To calculate the required amounts of each component, we can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
where [A-] is the concentration of the conjugate base (CH3COO-) and [HA] is the concentration of the weak acid (CH3COOH).
We want to prepare 1.0L of a 0.2M buffer, which means we need:
0.2 mol/L x 1.0 L = 0.2 mol of total buffer components
Since the acid and its conjugate base are used in equal amounts, we can split this total amount in half:
0.2 mol/2 = 0.1 mol of CH3COOH and 0.1 mol of CH3COO-
Now we can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to solve for the required concentrations of each component:
4.0 = 4.76 + log([CH3COO-]/[CH3COOH])
-0.76 = log([CH3COO-]/[CH3COOH])
10^-0.76 = [CH3COO-]/[CH3COOH]
0.218 = [CH3COO-]/[CH3COOH]
We know that [CH3COOH] + [CH3COO-] = 0.2 mol/L, so we can use the above ratio to calculate:
[CH3COOH] = (0.2 mol/L) / (1 + 0.218) = 0.162 M
[CH3COO-] = 0.218 x [CH3COOH] = 0.035 M
Therefore, to prepare 1.0L of a 0.2M buffer with a pH of 4.0, we would need to mix 81.6g of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and 3.5g of sodium acetate (CH3COONa) in 1.0L of water.
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Related Questions
Please help it’s due next period
1. Calculate the theoretical mass of H₂O produced by the decomposition of 1.25 g of
CuCO3*Cu(OH)₂2.
Answers
The given compound can be simplified as CuCO3Cu(OH)2.
To calculate the theoretical mass of H2O formed, we must determine the molar mass of [tex]CuCO_3Cu(OH)_2[/tex].
CuCO3Cu(OH)2 = CuCO3 + Cu(OH)2
The molar mass of CuCO3 = 123.55 g/molThe molar mass of Cu(OH)2 = 97.56 g/molMolar mass of CuCO3Cu(OH)2 = (123.55 g/mol) + (97.56 g/mol) = 221.11 g/mol
Then, we can calculate the moles of CuCO3Cu(OH)2 in 1.25 g:
moles = mass / molar massmoles = 1.25 g / 221.11 g/mol = 0.00565 mol
From the balanced chemical equation, we know that 1 mole of [tex]CuCO_3Cu(OH)_2[/tex] produces 3 moles of H2O.
CuCO3Cu(OH)2 → 3H2O + CO2 + CuO
Therefore, the theoretical number of moles of H2O produced can be calculated as:
moles of H2O = 3 x moles of CuCO3Cu(OH)2 = 3 x 0.00565 mol = 0.0169 mol
Finally, we can calculate the theoretical mass of [tex]H_2O[/tex] produced:
mass of H2O = moles of H2O x molar mass of H2Omass of H2O = 0.0169 mol x 18.015 g/mol = 0.304 gTherefore, the theoretical mass of H2O produced by the decomposition of 1.25 g of [tex]CuCO_3Cu(OH)_2[/tex]is 0.304 g.
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a 4.30L weather balloon at 1.00 atm and 303K is released. If it shrinks to a size of 3.80L at 0.670 atm, what is the temperature?
Answers
This is an exercise in the combined gas law is a fundamental law in physics and chemistry that describes the relationship between the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas. It is also known as the Boyle-Mariotte-Gay-Lussac law, after the three scientists who independently discovered this law in the 17th century.
The combined gas law states that the product of the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas is constant if the amount of gas and the initial and final conditions are the same. This law is very useful to understand the behavior of gases in different situations, such as in the atmosphere or in closed systems.
The Boyle-Mariotte law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas if the temperature is held constant. In other words, if the volume of a gas is reduced, its pressure will increase, and if the volume is increased, its pressure will decrease. This is important in situations such as the operation of internal combustion engines, where compressed gases are used to generate power.
Gay-Lussac's law states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature if the volume is held constant. In other words, if the temperature of a gas is increased, its pressure will also increase, and if the temperature is decreased, its pressure will decrease. This law is important in situations such as the operation of refrigeration systems, in which compressed gases are used to cool the air.
Finally, Charles's law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature if the pressure remains constant. In other words, if the temperature of a gas is increased, its volume will also increase, and if the temperature is decreased, its volume will decrease. This law is important in situations such as the production of gases in chemical processes and the measurement of the temperature of gases in the atmosphere.
The combined gas law is essential for understanding the behavior of gases in different situations, and is used in fields as diverse as engineering, physics, chemistry, and biology. With this law, we can predict how gases will behave in specific situations, and use that information to design better systems and processes that use gases.
Solving the exercise:The mathematical formula that describes the combined gas law is:
(P₁ × V₁)/T₁ = (P₂ × V₂)/T₂
Where:P₁ and P₂ are the initial and final pressures of the gas, respectively, in the same unit of pressure (for example, atmospheres, pascals, etc.)
V₁ and V₂ are the initial and final volumes of the gas, respectively, in the same unit of volume (for example, liters, cubic meters, etc.)
T₂ and T₂ are the initial and final temperatures of the gas, respectively, in the same temperature unit (for example, degrees Celsius, Kelvin, etc.)
The combined gas law tells us that the product of the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas is constant if the amount of gas and the initial and final conditions are the same. This formula is very useful for predicting how one of these factors will change if the other two change.
It tells us that it releases a weather balloon of a V₁ = 4.20 L, with P₁ = 1.00 atm and a T₁ = 303 K, which shrinks by a size of V₂ = 3.80 L to a P₂ = 0.670 atm.
Then we are asked to calculate the final temperature.The first formula is the general one and the second is the final temperature formula.
(P₁ × V₁)/T₁ = (P₂ × V₂)/T₂
T₂ = (P₂ × V₂ × T₁)/(P₁ × V₁)
Already having our formula cleared, we substitute data and solve, in such a way that:T₂ = (P₂ × V₂ × T₁)/(P₁ × V₁)
T₂ = (0.670 atm × 3.80 L × 303 K)/(1.00 atm × 4.20 L)
T₂ = (771.438 k)/(4.2)
T₂ ≈ 183.675 K
The temperature of the globe is approximately 183.675 Kelvin.
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The ionic compound
MX (s) is formed from the metal
M(s) and the diatomic gas
X₂ (9) at standard conditions. Calculate the lattice energy given the following data:
Sublimation
energy
for
M(8)
Bond
energy
for
X₂(g)
lonization
energy
of
M(g)
Electron
affinity
of
X(g)
Enthalpy
of
198 kJ/mol
of
MX()
142 kJ/mol
525 kJ/mol
-372 kJ/mol
formation-639 kJ/mol
Answers
Answer:
mark me brilliant
Explanation:
The lattice energy (ΔHlatt) can be calculated using the following equation:
ΔHlatt = ΔHf - ΔHsub - 1/2 ΔHbond - ΔHIE - ΔHEA
where ΔHf is the enthalpy of formation of the ionic compound, ΔHsub is the sublimation energy of the metal, ΔHbond is the bond energy of the diatomic gas, ΔHIE is the ionization energy of the metal, and ΔHEA is the electron affinity of the gas.
Substituting the given values:
ΔHlatt = (-639 kJ/mol) - (198 kJ/mol) - 1/2(142 kJ/mol) - (525 kJ/mol) - (-372 kJ/mol)
ΔHlatt = -639 kJ/mol - 198 kJ/mol - 71 kJ/mol - 525 kJ/mol + 372 kJ/mol
ΔHlatt = -1061 kJ/mol
Therefore, the lattice energy of the ionic compound MX is -1061 kJ/mol. Note that the negative sign indicates that the process of forming the solid ionic compound from the separate ions is exothermic (releases heat).
Buret directions:
• Measure the liquid in the
Buret. Burets are measured
from the top down. Look
at what the lines stand for.
Account for all digits on the
instrument and then add 1
estimated digit.
Read the volume at the
bottom of the meniscus
(curve)
24
These are the possible answers:
24.155
24.2
24.15
24
Answers
The measurement on the buret should be read from the bottom of the meniscus.
What is a buret ?Burets are commonly used in analytical chemistry experiments, such as titration, where small and precise quantities of a liquid are needed to be added to another solution for the purpose of determining the concentration or amount of a particular substance in the solution A buret (also spelled burette) is a laboratory glassware used for precisely measuring the volume of a liquid. It is typically a long, graduated tube with a stopcock (a valve) at the bottom that allows for controlled dispensing of the liquid. The volume of liquid dispensed can be read by observing the position of the meniscus (the curved surface of the liquid) in relation to the graduated markings on the tube.
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How many moles of CaCl, are required to make 1.15 L of a 2.3 M solution?
Answers
Answer:
To calculate the moles of CaCl2 required, we need to use the formula:
moles = concentration (M) x volume (L)
Given that the volume is 1.15 L and the concentration is 2.3 M, we can calculate the moles of CaCl2 required as follows:
moles = 2.3 M x 1.15 L
moles = 2.645 mol
Therefore, we need 2.645 moles of CaCl2 to make 1.15 L of a 2.3 M solution.
A 1 liter solution of a 0.01 Molar NaCl, is boiled until 0.700 L is left, what will the new molarity be?
A. 0.140 M
B. 0.007 M
C. 0.014 M
D. 0.070 M
Answers
The new molarity of a 1 liter solution of a 0.01 Molar NaCl, is boiled until 0.700 L is left is 0.014 M. The correct option to this question is C.
How to calculate molarity?According to dilutional molarity equation
[tex]M_{1}V_{1} = M_{2}V_{2}[/tex]
Substituting the vales in the above equation we get
0.01×1=[tex]M_{2}[/tex] × 0.7
[tex]M_{2}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{0.01*1}{0.7}[/tex]
[tex]M_{2}[/tex] = 0.014 M
The concentration of a solution can be determined by measuring its molarity. Reducing a solution's concentration through dilution is possible. For effectively carrying out chemical experiments in a laboratory, molarity and dilution are both crucial ideas.
Using the following equation, we can link the volumes and concentrations before and after a dilution: Where [tex]M_{1}[/tex] and [tex]V_{1}[/tex]stand for the volume and molarity of the initial concentrated solution, respectively, and [tex]M_{2}[/tex] and [tex]V_{2}[/tex] for the volume and molarity of the final diluted solution, respectively, we have [tex]M_{1}V_{1} = M_{2}V_{2}[/tex].
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Kathy is investigating the solubility of compounds. She has three test tubes that each contains 10
mL of aqueous NaCl. When she adds a solution of Pb(NO3)2 to the first test tube, she observes a
precipitate. She adds a solution of KNO3 to the second test tube and does not observe a
precipitate. She adds AgNO3 to the third test tube and observes a precipitate. Which solubility rule
can she infer from her results?
All compounds containing Cl- are insoluble.
O Some compounds containing Cl- are soluble, but some are insoluble.
O Some compounds containing NO3- are soluble, but some are insoluble.
O All compounds containing Cl- are soluble.
Answers
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of one or more solutes in a solvent. The addition of sugar cubes to a cup of tea is an example of solution. The property which helps sugar molecules to dissolve is called solubility. Here Some compounds containing NO3- are soluble, but some are insoluble. The correct option is C.
The maximum amount of solute which can dissolve in particular amount of solvent at a certain temperature is known as its solubility. A solute is the substance which can be dissolved in a solvent.
Here reaction of NaCl and Pb(NO₃)₂ and AgNO₃ with NaCl also results in the formation of a precipitate.
Thus the correct option is C.
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A 150 g piece of aluminum at 100 °C is dropped into a beaker with 150 g of 20 °C water. What will be the final temperature of the aluminum and water?
Answers
The final temperature of the aluminum and water mixture will be approximately 37.7°C.
What is Temperature?
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance or system. It is a scalar quantity, typically measured in units such as Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F), and reflects how hot or cold an object or environment is relative to some reference point or scale. The higher the temperature of a substance, the faster its particles are moving and the more energy they possess.
First, let's calculate the amount of heat lost by the aluminum as it cools down from 100°C to the final temperature. We can use the specific heat capacity of aluminum, which is 0.902 J/g°C.
Heat lost by aluminum = (mass of aluminum) x (specific heat capacity of aluminum) x (change in temperature)
Heat lost by aluminum = (150 g) x (0.902 J/g°C) x (100°C - final temperature)
Next, let's calculate the amount of heat gained by the water as it heats up from 20°C to the final temperature. We can use the specific heat capacity of water, which is 4.184 J/g°C.
Heat gained by water = (mass of water) x (specific heat capacity of water) x (change in temperature)
Heat gained by water = (150 g) x (4.184 J/g°C) x (final temperature - 20°C)
According to the principle of conservation of energy, the heat lost by the aluminum must be equal to the heat gained by the water. So we can set these two equations equal to each other and solve for the final temperature:
(150 g) x (0.902 J/g°C) x (100°C - final temperature) = (150 g) x (4.184 J/g°C) x (final temperature - 20°C)
Simplifying this equation, we get:
135.3 x (100 - final temperature) = 627.6 x (final temperature - 20)
Expanding and simplifying further, we get:
13530 - 135.3 x final temperature = 12552 x final temperature - 12552 x 20
Combining like terms and solving for final temperature, we get:
final temperature = (13530 + 12552 x 20) / (135.3 + 12552)
final temperature = 37.7°C
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A 25.0 L container of compressed air has a pressure of 8.5 atm at a temperature of 25C. If the temperature increases to 45C and the volume remains constant, determine the resulting pressure.
Answers
With a steady volume and a temperature rise of 45C, the resultant pressure is 9.06 atm.
What is pressure?Force per unit area is referred to as pressure. The force created when gas molecules in a container collide with the walls is known as pressure in the context of gases. The quantity of gas molecules, their average speed, which is correlated with temperature, and the capacity of the container all affect how much pressure the gas experiences.
How do you determine it?We may resolve this issue using the ideal gas law, which stipulates:
PV = nRT
where, P stands for the gas pressure, V represents the gas's volume, the number of moles of the gas is n.
The ideal gas constant, or R, is 0.0821 L atm/mol K.
To find the final pressure, P2, we may rearrange this equation as follows:
P1/T1 = P2/T2
where: the first pressure, P1, Initial temperature is T1. The last temperature, T2, is.
Let's enter the above numbers and calculate P2:
P1 = 8.5 atm
T1 = 25 + 273 = 298 K
T2 = 45 + 273 = 318 K
P2 = P1 * T2 / T1
= 8.5 atm * 318 K / 298 K
= 9.06 atm.
With a steady volume and a temperature rise of 45C, the resultant pressure is 9.06 atm.
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I NEED HELP! Match the terms with their definitions
Answers
Incident Ray: A ray of light that propagates toward a surface or interface where it can be reflected, refracted, or absorbed.Focal point: The point where all parallel rays of light passing through a convex lens or concave mirror converge or appear to converge after refraction or reflection.
Principal axis: An imaginary line passing through the center of curvature and the optical center of a curved mirror or lens.Focal length: The distance between the center of a convex lens or concave mirror and their focal point.
Normal: A line perpendicular to the surface of a mirror or lens at the point of incidence of a ray of light.Convex: A lens or mirror that curves outward with the edges facing away from the viewer.
Refraction: The change in direction of a ray of light as it passes through a medium with a different index of refraction, such as air to glass or water to air.Concave: A lens or mirror that curves inward so that the edges face the viewer.
Reflected: The change in direction of a light beam as it strikes a surface and is reflected back.A lens or mirror curved inward so that the edges face the viewer: Concave is Curved outwards with edges pointing away from the viewer: Convex.
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In three to five sentences, explain the effects of acid rain on the environment.
Answers
Answer:
Acid rain, caused by the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere due to human activity, can have serious environmental consequences. It has the potential to acidify soil and bodies of water, causing harm to plants and aquatic life. Acid rain can also cause damage to stone, brick, and metal structures. Acid rain's long-term consequences include ecological changes and decreasing biodiversity.
Explanation:
Acid rain is unusually acidic rain or other precipitation caused primarily by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from human activities such as the use of fossil fuels. When these pollutants react with water vapor and other atmospheric chemicals, acidic compounds are formed, which can then fall back to Earth as acid rain. Acid rain has a serious environmental impact because it can harm plants and aquatic life, degrade soil quality, and corrode building materials. Acid rain can also cause changes in the pH of bodies of water, which can have long-term consequences for aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity.
Could someone help with the last 4 questions?
Answers
The right equation to solve for the final volume would be: P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature.
Given: V1 = 1.50 L P2 = 3.00 atm P1 = 2.00 atm
T1 = 373 K
(Temperature drop) T2 = 298 K
We may rewrite the equation to find V2:
V2 = (P2T1) / (P1V1T2)
V2 is calculated as (2.00 atm)(1.50 L)(298 K) / (3.00 atm)(373 K).
V2 = 0.751 L
As a result, the volume drops and is 0.751 L in total.
Answer: Reduce
Given:
10 L is the initial volume (Vi).
1545 g is the initial mass (mi).
1554.5 g is the final mass (mf).
Volumetric specific (v) = 0.01 L/g
The ultimate volume (Vf) must be determined usingThe equation:
Vf = mf * v
Vf = (1554.5 g) * (0.01 L/g)
Vf = 15.545 L
The ultimate volume is 15.54 L as a result.
Answer: Upgrading
Given:
5.0 L is the initial volume (Vi).
30°C = 303 K is the initial temperature (Ti).
Final temperature (Tfn) is equal to –10 °C or 263 K.
Utilising the formula: we can determine the final volume (Vf).
(Vi * Ti) / Tfn = Vf
Vf = (5.0 L * 303 K) / 263 K
Vf = 5.76 L
The total volume is 5.76 L as a result.
Answer: Upgrading
Given:
15 L is the initial volume (Vi).
4.0 atm is the initial pressure (Pi).
3.0 atm is the final pressure (Pf).
Utilising the formula: we can determine the final volume (Vf).
Pi * Vi equals Pf * Vf
(Pi * Vi) / Pf = Vf
Vf is equal to 4.0 atm x 15 L / 3.0 atm.
Vf = 20 L
Consequently, 20 is the total volume.
Answer: Upgrading
Given:
Initial volume (Vi) equals 21.0 L.
Initial temperature (Ti) is 70.0 °C, or 343 K.
45.0 L is the final volume (Vf).
We may use the following formula to determine the final temperature (Tfn):
As Vf / Tfn = Vi / Ti
Vf * Ti = Tfn / Vi
Tfn = (45.0 L * 343 K) / 21.0 L
Tfn= 733.4 K
The ultimate temperature is 733.4 K as a result.
Answer: Upgrading
Given:
2.5 L is the initial volume (Vi).
5.0 L is the final volume (Vf).
(Ti) = 273 K initial temperature
We may use the following formula to determine the final temperature (Tfn):
As Vf / Tfn = Vi / Ti
Vf * Ti = Tfinal / Vi
Tfn = (5.0 L * 273 K) / 2.5 L
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100 mL of water is evaporated from 200 mL of 0.80 m NaCl. What is the molarity of the 100 mL solution?
A. 1.60
B. 0.16
C. 0.40
D. 4.00
Answers
Which statement best describes the law of conservation of energy?
OA. The total amount of energy does not change during an energy
conversion.
OB. Kinetic energy always equals potential energy.
C. Energy is created but never destroyed during an energy
conversion.
D. Energy always changes back to its original form.
Answers
Answer:
A. The total amount of energy does not change during an energy
conversion.
Explanation:
It states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it can only be transformed or transferred from one form to another. In other words, the total energy of an isolated system remains constant over time, and energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.
Gold (III) oxide decomposes completely at high temperatures to produce metallic gold
and oxvgen gas
Write this in a word and skeleton equation
Answers
Answer:
Word equation: Gold (III) oxide → Gold + Oxygen gas
Skeleton equation: Au2O3 → 2Au + 1.5O2
Three metal compounds, P, Q and R, are heated using a Bunsen burner. The results are shown.
P colourless gas produced, which relights a glowing splint
Q colourless gas produced, which turns limewater milky
R no reaction
Which row shows the identity of P, Q and R?
Answers
P - Potassium nitrate
Q - Magnesium carbonate
R - Potassium carbonate
What is the product of the decomposition of potassium nitrate?When potassium nitrate (KNO3) breaks down, oxygen gas (O2) and solid potassium nitrite (KNO2) are produced as byproducts:
2KNO2(s) + O2 ----> 2KNO3(s) (g)
We can obtain the carbon dioxide that would urns limewater milky when we decompose the magnesium carbonate substance.
Then, potassium carbonate can not be easily decomposed thus there is no reaction in that case.
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please i need help as quick as posible
Answers
The mole ratio of acetylene to carbon dioxide is 1:2
How do you obtain the mole ratio from a reaction equation?Number of moles of acetylene;
26.2 g/26 g/mol
= 1 mole
If 2 moles of acetylene produces 4 moles of carbon dioxide
1 mole of acetylene will produce 1 * 4/2
= 2 moles of carbon dioxide
Mass of carbon dioxide = 2 moles * 44 g/mol
= 88 g
If 2 moles of acetylene reacts with 5 moles of oxygen
1 mole of acetylene reacts with 1 * 5/2
= 2.5 moles
Mass of oxygen = 2.5 moles * 32 g/mol
= 80 g
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Can somebody please help me with this? I really need help.
Answers
10. Explain the fundamental principles and educative principles of idealism and pragmatism. provement
Answers
Answer:
and a happy good morning to you!
Explanation:
Idealism and pragmatism are two schools of philosophy that have different implications for education. Here is a brief summary of their main principles and educative implications:
Idealism is based on the idea that reality is mental and spiritual, and that the ultimate truth is found in universal and absolute ideas. Some of the key philosophers of idealism are Plato, Socrates, and Hegel. Idealism in education emphasizes:
The development of the mind and the cultivation of moral and intellectual values.
The use of reason and logic to discover truth and knowledge.
The role of the teacher as a guide and a model of excellence.
The curriculum that focuses on humanities, classics, and arts.
Pragmatism is based on the idea that reality is constantly changing and that knowledge is derived from experience and observation. Some of the key philosophers of pragmatism are Peirce, James, Dewey, and Rorty. Pragmatism in education emphasizes:
The development of the individual and the preparation for social life.
The use of inquiry and problem-solving to construct meaning and knowledge.
The role of the teacher as a facilitator and a co-learner.
The curriculum that is interdisciplinary, flexible, and relevant to students’ interests and needs.
How many unpaired electrons are in the low-spin octahedral complex [Co(CN)6]¯?
Answers
The low-spin octahedral complex [Co(CN)6]¯, is known to be one that all the 6 cyanide ligands that are said to be placed in an octahedral geometry and the 6 electrons from cyanide ligands that will tend to pair up with the 6 electrons from cobalt's 3d orbitals. So no unpaired electrons is seen this complex.
What is the electrons about?The complex [Co(CN)6]¯ is one that takes in a coordination number of 6, and cyanide (CN¯) may be a solid field ligand. Thus, the complex may be a low-spin octahedral complex.
The electronic arrangement of Co(II) particle is 3d⁷.
So, Cyanide (CN¯) could be a solid field ligand, which suggests it'll cause the 3d orbitals to match up some time recently moving onto the 4d orbitals, coming about within the arrangement of a low-spin complex.
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1. A sample of gas in a balloon has an initial temperature of 39 ∘C and a volume of 1910. If the temperature changes to 89 ∘C, and there is no change of pressure or amount of gas, what is the new volume, V2, of the gas?
2. What Celsius temperature, T2, is required to change the volume of the gas sample in Part A ( T1 = 39 ∘C, V1 = 1910 L) to a volume of 3820 L? Assume no change in pressure or the amount of gas in the balloon.
Answers
The new volume (V₂) of the gas sample at 89 ∘C is 2213.81 L, and the Celsius temperature (T₂) required to change the volume of the gas is 350.29 ∘C.
Using the ideal gas law, we can solve for the new volume (V₂) of the gas sample when the temperature changes from 39 ∘C to 89 ∘C, assuming no change in pressure or amount of gas.
PV = nRT
First, we need to convert the initial and final temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to each temperature;
Initial temperature, T₁ = 39 ∘C + 273.15 = 312.15 K
Final temperature, T₂ = 89 ∘C + 273.15 = 362.15 K
Since there is no change in pressure or amount of gas, we can set up the following equation;
(P₁ × V₁)/T₁ = (P₂ × V₂)/T₂
where P₁ is the initial pressure, V₁ is the initial volume, T₁ is the initial temperature, P₂ is the final pressure (which remains unchanged), V₂ is the final volume (which we need to find), and T₂ is the final temperature.
Plugging in the given values;
P₁ = P₂ (since there is no change in pressure)
V₁ = 1910 L
T₁ = 312.15 K
T₂ = 362.15 K
The equation becomes;
(1910 L) / 312.15 K = (V₂) / 362.15 K
Solving for V₂, we get;
V₂ = (1910 L / 312.15 K) × 362.15 K
V₂ ≈ 2213.81 L
Therefore, the new volume (V₂) of the gas sample at 89 ∘C is approximately 2213.81 L.
To find the Celsius temperature (T₂) required to change the volume of the gas sample from 1910 L (initial volume, V₁) to 3820 L (final volume, V₂) while assuming no change in pressure or amount of gas, we can rearrange the ideal gas law equation:
(P₁ × V₁) / T₁ = (P₂ × V₂) / T₂
Since P₁ = P₂ (no change in pressure), we can rewrite the equation as;
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂
Plugging in the given values;
V₁ = 1910 L
V₂ = 3820 L
T₁ = 312.15 K (initial temperature in Kelvin)
Solving for T₂, we get;
T₂ = (V₂ × T₁) / V₁
T₂ = (3820 L × 312.15 K) / 1910 L
T₂ ≈ 623.44 K
Finally, we convert the temperature from Kelvin to Celsius by subtracting 273.15;
T₂ ≈ 623.44 K - 273.15
≈ 350.29 ∘C
Therefore, the Celsius temperature is 350.29 ∘C
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Consider aqueous solutions of the four compounds:
MgCl2 Na2O C12H22O11 C2H5OH
Which two will conduct electricity? Explain your choices.
please answer quicklly
Answers
The two compounds that will conduct electricity are MgCl₂ and C₂H₅OH.
How is electricity conducted?Mobile electrons in metals carry electricity. Metals' outermost electrons are loosely bound, allowing them to travel from atom to atom. MgCl₂ dissociates into Mg²⁺ and Cl⁻ ions in water, which allows it to conduct electricity. C₂H₅OH also conducts electricity, although to a fewer extent, because it can ionize into C₂H₅O- and H+ ions in water.
Na₂O is an ionic compound, but it does not dissolve well in water and does not dissociate enough to conduct electricity. C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ is a covalent compound and does not ionize in water, so it does not conduct electricity.
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Complete the following table, which lists information about the measured acid dissociation constants of three unknown weak acids.
Answers
Three unidentified weak acids' observed acid dissociation constants are shown in the table as 3, 2, and 1, respectively.
How is the weak acid dissociation constant calculated?Acids that do not fully dissociate in solution are referred to as weak acids. In other terms, an acid that is weak is one that is not powerful. The degree to which weak acids dissociate determines their strength. The acid gets stronger the more it dissociates. Because it almost entirely dissociates, HCl is a powerful acid.
KCl is a naturally occurring salt that possesses a strong basic cation and a strong acidic anion; none of these cations or anion alter the pH of paper. Its normal pH value is 7.0, which is neutral.
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ANSWER THE LINK PLEASEEEEE FASTTTT
Answers
1) NaCl is unaffected by temperature
2) KNO3 is most affected by the temperature of water
3) SO2 dissolves the most at 15 degrees
What is the solubility curve?A graph illustrating the solubility of a solute in a solvent as a function of temperature and constant pressure is called a solubility curve.
It is typically shown as a line graph with the y-axis showing the quantity of solute that may dissolve in the solvent at that temperature, typically in grams of solute per 100 grams of solvent. The x-axis represents temperature.
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1. Commercials for foods that will make you bigger, stronger, and faster seem to appear a lot these days. Research what the ingredients are in a Powerbar. Will this one food source make you stronger? Why or why not?
2. Amino acids are chiral molecules, which means they have two enantiomers (non-superimposable mirror images - like your hands!). Albuterol is a drug where one enantiomer is more effective than a mixture of the two enantiomers. Ritalin is also a drug where one enantiomer is more effective. Why is this in terms of how human bodies can metabolize these drugs individually?
Answers
1. Powerbars are energy bars that contain a variety of ingredients such as protein, carbohydrates, and fats. They are designed to provide a quick source of energy and nutrients for athletes and people who are physically active. While Powerbars can be a good source of nutrients for athletes, they are not a magic food that will make you stronger on their own. Strength and muscle growth are the result of a combination of factors, including regular exercise, proper nutrition, and rest. The protein in Powerbars comes from a variety of sources such as soy, whey, and casein. Protein is important for building and repairing muscle tissue, but consuming more protein than your body needs will not necessarily make you stronger. In fact, consuming excessive amounts of protein can be harmful to your health. Overall, while Powerbars can be a convenient source of energy and nutrients for athletes, they are not a substitute for a well-balanced diet and proper exercise routine.
2. Chirality refers to the property of a molecule that has a non-superimposable mirror image. This means that two molecules that are mirror images of each other cannot be overlaid onto each other. Amino acids are chiral molecules, meaning that they have two enantiomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. The human body is able to metabolize the two enantiomers of a drug differently because the enzymes that break down and process the drug are also chiral. Enzymes are specific in their shape and can only bind to one enantiomer of a drug, which means that the other enantiomer is not metabolized as efficiently or may not be metabolized at all. This can result in differences in the effectiveness and side effects of the drug depending on which enantiomer is present. In the case of Albuterol, the R-enantiomer is more effective than the S-enantiomer, and a drug containing only the R-enantiomer has been developed for use in treating asthma. In the case of Ritalin, the S-enantiomer is more effective than the R-enantiomer, and a drug containing only the S-enantiomer has been developed for use in treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Overall, the chirality of molecules can have important implications for drug development and use, as well as for understanding the mechanisms of drug action and metabolism in the body.
Answer:
1) PowerBars are a sort of energy bar developed to give athletes and fitness enthusiasts with a quick and handy source of nourishment. PowerBar components vary depending on the product, but often include a combination of carbs, protein, and fat, as well as numerous vitamins and minerals.
carbs are the body's major source of energy during activity, and PowerBars often include a combination of basic and complex carbs to offer both fast and long-lasting energy. Protein is also necessary for muscle repair and development, and PowerBars typically provide 10-20 grammes of protein per bar.
while PowerBars can be a handy source of nutrition for athletes and may aid in muscle building and recovery when eaten as part of a well-balanced diet, they are not a quick fix for becoming stronger or faster. Strength and performance may be improved by engaging in regular exercise and following a well-rounded eating plan that includes a range of nutrient-dense meals.
2) Because of variations in how the human body metabolises and reacts to each enantiomer, one enantiomer of a medicine may be more effective than the other. Enantiomers contain the same chemical formula and functional groups as one another, but their 3D structures are mirror reflections of one another, resulting in distinct interactions with biological molecules such as enzymes, receptors, and transporters.
In the instance of albuterol, the R-enantiomer is more effective than the S-enantiomer because it has a stronger affinity for the drug's target, the beta-2 adrenergic receptor. Because the R-enantiomer is metabolised more slowly by the body, it remains active for a longer amount of time and creates a stronger and longer-lasting impact.
Similarly, the S-enantiomer of Ritalin is more efficacious than the R-enantiomer. The S-enantiomer is more effective in blocking dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, which are neurotransmitters involved in attention and focus. The R-enantiomer has less effect on these neurotransmitters and is metabolised quickly by the body, resulting in a shorter duration of action.
In summary, changes in pharmacological efficacy across enantiomers are caused by differences in their interactions with biological molecules as well as variances in how the body metabolises them. These distinctions can have serious consequences for therapeutic effectiveness and safety.
(c) When an evacuated glass bulb of volume 63.8 cm³ is filled with a gas at 24 °C and 99.5 kPa, the mass increases by 0.103 g. Deduce whether the gas is ammonia, nitrogen or argon.
Answers
When an evacuated glass bulb of volume 63.8 cm³ is filled with a gas at 24 °C and 99.5 kPa, the mass increases by 0.103 g. The gas is nitrogen.
The mass of the material in question divided by the amount present in the sample gives the molecular weight of a compound. It is a substance's bulk attribute rather than a molecular one. The chemical exists in numerous forms, each with a unique molar mass that frequently varies due to its abundance of isotopes. Calculating molar mass is normally done using high-quality atomic weights. The gas is nitrogen.
PV = nRT
n = PV/RT
m = Mn
n = (99.5 000 Pa) × (63.8 m³) / ((8.31 J/(mol K)) × 300 K)
= 0.00822 mol
M = m/n
=0.63 g / 0.00822 mol
= 28g/mol
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A geologist measured the amount of K-40 in a rock; she determined there was about 16.34 grams of K-40 and 16.34 grams of Ar-40. What is the approximate age of that rock?
Answers
The approximate age of the rock is 868.6 million years when there was about 16.34 grams of K-40 and 16.34 grams of Ar-40.
Define rock ?
A rock is a naturally occurring solid material composed of one or more minerals or mineraloids. Rocks are classified based on their chemical and mineralogical composition, texture, and other physical properties.
The age of the rock can be estimated using the ratio of K-40 to Ar-40, as K-40 decays into Ar-40 over time with a half-life of about 1.25 billion years.
The equation for the decay of K-40 to Ar-40 is:
K-40 → Ar-40 + beta particle + gamma ray
From the information given, we know that the amount of K-40 in the rock is equal to the amount of Ar-40, which means that half of the original K-40 has decayed into Ar-40. This corresponds to one half-life of K-40.
We can use the half-life of K-40 to calculate the age of the rock:
[tex]t = (ln 2) * (t_{\frac{1}{2} })[/tex]
where [tex]t_{\frac{1}{2} }[/tex] is the half-life of K-40, which is approximately 1.25 billion years.
Plugging in the values, we get:
[tex]t = (ln 2) * (1.25 * 10^9 years)[/tex]
t ≈ 868.6 million years
Therefore, the approximate age of the rock is 868.6 million years.
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A gas sample occupies a volume of 18.86 L when the temperature is 35.2 oC and the pressure is 735.5 torr. How many moles of gas are there in the sample?
Answers
The number of moles of gas in the sample is 0.72 mol.
How many moles of gas are there in the sample?To determine the number of moles in the gas, we use the ideal gas law:
PV = nRT
Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant ( 0.08206 Latm/molK ), and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
First, convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin:
T (K) = T (°C) + 273.15
T (K) = 35.2 + 273.15
T (K) = 308.35 K
Next, we need to convert the pressure from torr to atm:
1 atm = 760 torr
P (atm) = 735.5 torr / 760 torr/atm
P (atm) = 0.96776 atm
Plug in the values we have and solve for n:
PV = nRT
n = PV / RT
n = (0.96776 atm)(18.86 L) / (0.08206L·atm/mol·K)(308.35 K)
n = 18.25 / 25.303
n = 0.72 mol
Therefore, there are 0.72 moles of gas in the sample.
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A balloon is inflated with 0.488 moles of gas to a volume of 12.4 L at a temperature of 291 K. What is the pressure inside the balloon?
Answers
The pressure inside the balloon is about 0.940 atm.
To calculate the pressure inside the balloon we can use the ideal gas law,
According to the ideal gas law,
PV=nRT
where P= pressure of the gas inside the balloon
V= volume of the balloon (in L)
n= number of moles of gas in the balloon
R= gas constant (0.0821 L atm/mol K)
T= temperature of the gas (in K)
According to the question the given values are:
n= 0.488 moles
V=12.4L
T= 291K
Putting the above values in an ideal gas equation we get,
P*12.4=0.488*0.0821*291
Therefore,
P=(0.488*0.0821*291)/12.4
P=0.940atm
Therefore the pressure inside the balloon is 0.940 atm.
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61 Advanced Engineering Chemistry Part I b) Define electrochemical series. Give the methods used for the prevention of corrosion.
Answers
An electrochemical series consists of both electropositive and electronegative elements. The elements which acquire electrons are said to be electronegative and they are present below the element hydrogen in the series.
Electrochemical series describes the arrangement of elements in the order of their increasing electrode potential values. The series has been developed by measuring the potential of various electrodes versus standard hydrogen electrodes.
Galvanization and painting are the two methods which are used to prevent corrosion. Galvanized metal is coated with a thin layer of zinc to protect against corrosion. Rusting of iron can be prevented by painting.
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