Stakeholders that need to be considered for sustainable and ethical business outcomes include customers, shareholders, employees, suppliers, governments, local communities, and Indigenous people.
Stakeholders play a crucial role in sustainable and ethical business outcomes. For example, customers are crucial stakeholders that businesses need to consider. Customers can influence the sustainability of a business because if a business does not cater to its customers' needs, the customers will take their business elsewhere, which will negatively affect the business's sustainability.
Shareholders are another important stakeholder because they invest in businesses and expect returns on their investments. Ethical business outcomes will ensure that shareholders receive returns while also ensuring that the business engages in ethical practices.
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Which of the following statistics is usually regarded as the best single measure of a society's economic well-being? a. The GDP deflator b. The producer price index c. Gross domestic product d. The size of the government surplus 40000
a. Gross domestic product (GDP),While there are other economic indicators like the GDP deflator and the producer price index that provide valuable information about price changes and inflation, GDP stands out as the most widely used measure of economic well-being.
Gross domestic product (GDP) is generally regarded as the best single measure of a society's economic well-being. GDP represents the total value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific period, usually a year. It provides a comprehensive overview of the overall economic activity and the size of an economy.
GDP is calculated using different approaches, such as the expenditure approach, income approach, and production approach. The expenditure approach adds up the value of all final goods and services purchased by households, businesses, government, and net exports (exports minus imports). The income approach sums up all the income generated from production, including wages, rents, profits, and taxes. The production approach calculates GDP based on the value-added at each stage of production.
While there are other economic indicators like the GDP deflator and the producer price index that provide valuable information about price changes and inflation, GDP stands out as the most widely used measure of economic well-being. It captures the overall economic activity and size of an economy, making it a crucial tool for policymakers, investors, and analysts to assess and compare the economic performance of different countries.
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The demand for resources
A. Please thoroughly explain the determinants of the elasticity of resource demand
I. Discuss the following:
a. Easy of resource substitutability
b. Elasticity of product demand
c. Ratio of resource cost to total cost
The elasticity of resource demand is determined by the following: Easy of resource substitutability The more difficult it is to substitute the resource with another, the lower the elasticity of resource demand.
1. Ease of resource substitutability The elasticity of resource demand is influenced by the ease with which resources can be substituted for one another. In other words, if a resource can be easily replaced by another, its elasticity of demand will be higher. For example, if the price of one type of raw material increases, the producer can switch to a cheaper raw material that provides similar benefits. If this is the case, the elasticity of demand for the original raw material will be high.
2. Elasticity of product demand The elasticity of product demand affects the elasticity of resource demand. If the demand for the final product is more elastic, the demand for resources used to produce that product will also be more elastic. For example, if the demand for bicycles is highly elastic, producers will be less willing to pay higher prices for the resources needed to manufacture them. Therefore, the elasticity of demand for the resources used in bicycle production will be high.
3. Ratio of resource cost to total cost The elasticity of resource demand is also affected by the ratio of resource cost to total cost. If the resource cost is a significant portion of the total cost of production, the elasticity of resource demand will be high. For example, if the cost of steel increases significantly, the cost of producing cars will also increase. As a result, the demand for cars will decrease, and the elasticity of demand for steel used in car production will be high.In summary, the determinants of the elasticity of resource demand are ease of resource substitutability, elasticity of product demand, and the ratio of resource cost to total cost.
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Righty, Inc., entered into a stock subscription contract that called for the purchase by investors of 15,000 shares of $12 par common stock at a price of $33 per share. The contract required a down payment of $15 per share, with the remaining $18 per share collectible at the end of three months. Required: a. Prepare the journal entry to record the stock subscription and down payment. b. The subscribers paid the remainder at the end of three months. Prepare the journal entry(ies) to record the final payment and the issuance of the shares of stock.
The journal entries for the stock subscription and down-payment involve debiting the Stock Subscription Receivable account and crediting the Common Stock Subscribed and Additional Paid-in Capital accounts.
a. The journal entry to record the stock subscription and down payment is as follows:
Date | Account | Debit | Credit
-----------------------------------------------------------
[Date] | Stock Subscription Receivable | $450,000 |
| Common Stock Subscribed | | $180,000
| Additional Paid-in Capital | | $270,000
| Cash | $225,000
| Stock Subscription Receivable | | $225,000
- The Stock Subscription Receivable account is debited for the total amount to be collected from the subscribers ($450,000).
- The Common Stock Subscribed account is credited for the par value of the shares subscribed ($180,000).
- The Additional Paid-in Capital account is credited for the excess of the subscription price over the par value ($270,000).
- Cash is debited for the down payment received ($225,000), and the Stock Subscription Receivable account is credited for the same amount to offset the liability.
b. The journal entry to record the final payment and issuance of the shares of stock is as follows:
Date | Account | Debit | Credit
--------------------------------------------------------------
[Date] | Stock Subscription Receivable | $225,000 |
| Common Stock Subscribed | | $180,000
| Additional Paid-in Capital | | $270,000
| Cash | $225,000
- The Stock Subscription Receivable account is debited for the final payment received ($225,000).
- The Common Stock Subscribed account is credited for the par value of the shares subscribed ($180,000).
- The Additional Paid-in Capital account is credited for the excess of the subscription price over the par value ($270,000).
- Cash is debited for the final payment received ($225,000).
The final payment and issuance of shares journal entry involves debiting the Stock Subscription Receivable account and crediting the Common Stock Subscribed and Additional Paid-in Capital accounts once again. These entries properly record the subscription process and the subsequent collection of payments, resulting in the issuance of the shares of stock to the subscribers.
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a firm's pace of growth is the rate it is growing ________.
A firm's pace of growth is the rate it is growing in terms of its size, revenue, market share, or profitability over a period of time.
It reflects the company's ability to expand its business operations and generate greater profits. A company's growth rate can be influenced by a variety of factors, such as market demand, competition, technology, innovation, management strategies, financing, and economic conditions.
The pace of growth is an essential indicator of a firm's performance and competitiveness in the industry. If a company is growing rapidly, it suggests that it is able to capture a larger share of the market, attract more customers, and generate higher revenues.
It also indicates that the company has a strong potential for future growth and expansion. However, if a company's growth rate is slow or stagnant, it may imply that the company is facing challenges in terms of market saturation, declining demand, ineffective strategies, or lack of resources.
Therefore, it is important for firms to monitor their pace of growth and take necessary actions to maintain or improve it over time.
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Katherine D'Ann is planning to finance her college education by selling Programs at the football games for State University. There is a fixed cost of $400 for printing these programs, and the variable cost is $3. There is also a $1,000 fee that is paid to the University for the Right to sell these programs. If Katherine was able to sel1 programs for $5 each, how many would she have to sell in order to break even?
e can't sell fractional programs, Katherine would need to sell at least 4 programs in order to break even.
To determine the number of programs Katherine needs to sell in order to break even, we need to consider both the fixed costs and the variable costs involved.
Fixed costs:Printing programs: $400
University fee: $1,000
Variable costs per program:$3
Total cost per program:
Fixed costs + Variable costs = $400 + $3 = $403
Selling price per program:$5
Profit per program:
Selling price - Total cost = $5 - $403 = -$398
To break even, Katherine needs to cover the total costs, so her profit should be zero.
calculate the number of programs she needs to sell as follows:
Number of programs to break even = Total costs / Profit per programNumber of programs to break even = ($400 + $1,000) / -$398
Calculating this, we have:
Number of programs to break even = $1,400 / -$398
Number of programs to break even ≈ 3.5176
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Question 19 Marked of 5.00 PRIN question You are the HR Manager at HR Hardware. Recently there have been far too many mistakes with shipping, receiving and order mix-ups. How will you design a training program at HR Hardware that trains all employees on how to properly identify and read vendor packing slips, carrier shipping documents, and UPC labels to ensure accuracy, Please outline your steps specific to this scenario. 83
As an HR Manager, you can design a training program at HR Hardware that trains all employees on how to properly identify and read vendor packing slips, carrier shipping documents, and UPC labels to ensure accuracy.
A training program can be developed based on the following steps:
Assess the current skills and competencies of employees to identify knowledge gaps in the skills needed to identify and read vendor packing slips, carrier shipping documents, and UPC labels.
Identify training objectives based on the identified knowledge gaps. In this case, the objectives will be to train employees on how to read vendor packing slips, carrier shipping documents, and UPC labels, ensuring accuracy. This objective should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound (SMART).
Identify the best training methods that align with the training objectives. The training methods could include formal classroom training, on-the-job training, online learning, and job shadowing among others.
Create a training schedule and plan that indicates the duration, delivery method, and the target audience for each training activity to ensure that all employees are trained, including those on shift rotations.
Train employees using the identified training methods and ensure that they are equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to read vendor packing slips, carrier shipping documents, and UPC labels. During the training, emphasize the importance of accuracy in shipping, receiving, and order fulfillment activities, and explain the implications of mistakes in these areas.
Evaluate the effectiveness of the training program and make any necessary improvements to the program based on the feedback received from employees or identified knowledge gaps.
Repeat the process by conducting refresher training sessions and providing opportunities for employees to practice their skills, keeping in mind the changing nature of the business environment and the need to stay updated on new industry standards and regulations.
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According to Bolman and Deal in Ch.4 "Reframing Leadership," which frame is associated with the following leadership skills and best practices: leading by example; communicating vision; telling persuasive stories; respecting and using history; and framing experience? Select one: A. structural B. strategic C. human resource D. political E. symbolic
The frame associated with the mentioned leadership skills and best practices is the symbolic frame.
According to Bolman and Deal, the symbolic frame of leadership focuses on the use of symbols, rituals, and meaning-making to inspire and motivate individuals. Leading by example, communicating vision, telling persuasive stories, respecting and using history, and framing experience are all elements that align with the symbolic frame.
Leaders who adopt the symbolic frame understand the importance of creating and sustaining a shared sense of purpose, values, and identity within the organization. They use symbols, narratives, and historical context to shape meaning and inspire others, fostering a sense of unity and emotional connection. Therefore, the skills and best practices mentioned are associated with the symbolic frame of leadership.
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Which of the following statements about a salesperson's duties relating to providing the company with market information is true? Information on competitors
Salespeople are not expected to become involved with customers' complaints.
Help retailers resell products to end users
Once a product is sold to a customer, responsibility for product functions shifts to the retailer.
Information on competitors
The following statement about a salesperson's duties relating to providing the company with market information is true: Information on competitors.
The salesperson's primary job is to sell the company's products. Sales representatives can offer significant market insight since they spend their days visiting customers and prospects. Salespeople might be the company's eyes and ears in the field, conveying consumer preferences, market trends, competitor activities, and industry happenings to other personnel. They also provide valuable input to product development by informing the company about how buyers perceive the company's products and how the products might be enhanced to better meet customer needs. Hence, the correct option is information on competitors.
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Apples are processed through a two-step process. First, the fruit is cleaned in a machine with a capacity of 1,300 apples per hour. Next, the fruit is labelled with a machine that has a capacity of 900 apples per hour. Demand for apples exceeds supply. Round your answer to three decimal places. In a pull system, what will be the utilization of the first machine?
In a pull system, the utilization of the first machine that cleans the apples will be 69.231%.
In a pull system, the production rate of the first machine is determined by the demand from the downstream process, which in this case is the labeling machine. The utilization of the first machine can be calculated by dividing the actual production rate by the maximum capacity of the machine.
The maximum capacity of the first machine is 1,300 apples per hour. However, the labeling machine has a lower capacity of 900 apples per hour. Therefore, the production rate of the first machine will be limited to match the capacity of the labeling machine.
To calculate the utilization of the first machine, we divide the production rate by its maximum capacity and multiply by 100 to get the percentage:
Utilization = (Production rate / Maximum capacity) * 100
= (900 apples per hour / 1,300 apples per hour) * 100
≈ 69.231%
Therefore, the utilization of the first machine in the pull system is approximately 69.231%.
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Sarah leased equipment worth $65,000 for 7 years. If the cost of borrowing is 4.25% compounded semi-annually, calculate the size of the lease payment that is required to be made at the beginning of each half-year. $0.00 Round to the nearest cent
The size of the lease payment required to be made at the beginning of each half-year is approximately $6,891.78.
To calculate the size of the lease payment, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity:
[tex]PV = PMT * [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r],[/tex]
Where:
PV is the present value or the cost of the equipment ($65,000),
PMT is the lease payment to be made at the beginning of each half-year,
r is the interest rate per compounding period (4.25% divided by 2 = 2.125% or 0.02125 as a decimal),
n is the total number of compounding periods (7 years multiplied by 2 = 14 half-years).
Substituting the given values into the formula, we can solve for PMT:
[tex]$65,000 = PMT * [(1 - (1 + 0.02125)^(-14)) / 0.02125].[/tex]
Now, let's calculate PMT:
[tex]PMT = $65,000 / [(1 - (1 + 0.02125)^(-14)) / 0.02125].[/tex]
PMT ≈ $6,891.78.
Therefore, the size of the lease payment required to be made at the beginning of each half-year is approximately $6,891.78.
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During 2018, Hull Co. had 400,000 shares of common stock outstanding for the entire year. Net income for 2018 was $1,700,000 and Hull paid a dividend of $1 per share on 100,000 shares of preferred stock. What is Hull's basic earnings per share?
a. $3.10
b. $3.40
c. $4.00
d. $4.25
The basic earnings per share for Hull Co. is $4.00. The correct answer is option (c).
To calculate Hull's basic earnings per share (EPS), we need to divide the net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.
First, let's calculate the weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Weighted Average Common Shares = Number of Shares Outstanding * Fraction of Year
In this case, the number of shares outstanding for the entire year is 400,000.
Now, let's calculate the net income available to common shareholders by subtracting the preferred stock dividend from the net income:
Net Income Available to Common Shareholders = Net Income - Preferred Stock Dividend
Net Income Available to Common Shareholders = $1,700,000 - ($1 * 100,000)
Net Income Available to Common Shareholders = $1,700,000 - $100,000
Net Income Available to Common Shareholders = $1,600,000
Finally, we can calculate the basic earnings per share:
EPS = Net Income Available to Common Shareholders / Weighted Average Common Shares
EPS = $1,600,000 / 400,000
EPS = $4.00
Therefore, the basic earnings per share for Hull Co. is $4.00. The correct answer is (c) $4.00.
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Dalia, the office manager of a desktop publishing outfit, stocks replacement toner cartridges for laser printers. Demand for cartridges is approximately 30 per year and is quite variable (Le., can be represented using the Poisson distribution). Cartridges cost $100 each and require three weeks to obtain from the vendor. Dalia uses a (Q, r) approach to control stock levels (a) If Dalia is willing to increase the number of replenishment orders per year to six, how do Q and r change? Explain the difference in r ?
In a (Q, r) approach to inventory control, "Q" represents the order quantity or the number of units ordered each time, and "r" represents the reorder point or the inventory level at which a new order is placed.
If Dalia is willing to increase the number of replenishment orders per year to six, it means that she wants to order more frequently throughout the year. Since the demand for cartridges is approximately 30 per year, and Dalia wants to place six orders, the new order quantity (Q) would be 30/6 = 5 cartridges per order.
Now let's discuss how the reorder point (r) changes. The reorder point is the inventory level at which Dalia should place a new order to ensure that she doesn't run out of cartridges before the new order arrives. Since the lead time for obtaining cartridges from the vendor is three weeks, Dalia needs to consider the demand during this lead time.
Previously, when Dalia had fewer replenishment orders per year, she had to cover the demand for the entire lead time, which was 3 weeks. However, now that she is increasing the number of orders to six per year, the time between orders decreases. This means that the lead time is also reduced.
If Dalia is placing six orders per year, each order is placed approximately every 52 weeks / 6 = 8.67 weeks. Since the lead time is three weeks, the reorder point (r) would be set at 8.67 - 3 = 5.67 weeks of demand.
In this case, it is not possible to have a fraction of a cartridge, so Dalia would round up the reorder point to the nearest whole number. Therefore, the new reorder point (r) would be 6 weeks of demand.
To summarize, if Dalia is willing to increase the number of replenishment orders per year to six, the order quantity (Q) would be 5 cartridges per order, and the reorder point (r) would be set at 6 weeks of demand. The difference in r is due to the shorter time between orders, which reduces the lead time and affects the calculation of the reorder point
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QUESTION ONE [50] Your team is assigned to construct a school
cafeteria. Perform a stakeholder analysis for this project. This
analysis should include a prioritization and a communication
matrix.
Stakeholder analysis is an evaluation method that allows you to determine and evaluate the impacts of stakeholders' influence and involvement on a project.
A stakeholder matrix provides a way to sort out stakeholders based on their level of power and interest. It is a useful tool for managing and prioritizing stakeholders, which involves identifying stakeholders, assessing their needs, interests, and attitudes towards a project, and then determining their level of influence or power. The main answer to this question is performing a stakeholder analysis for the school cafeteria construction project. To do this, we need to identify the stakeholders who will be impacted by the project. These stakeholders include the school administration, students, teachers, parents, cafeteria staff, construction workers, and local government officials. Once these stakeholders have been identified, we can use a prioritization matrix to determine their level of influence on the project. We can prioritize stakeholders based on their level of interest and power to ensure that we are engaging with the right people and addressing their concerns. The communication matrix can be used to determine the most effective way to communicate with each stakeholder. It involves identifying the information that needs to be communicated, the frequency of communication, the format of the communication, and the person responsible for delivering the message. This will ensure that all stakeholders are informed and involved throughout the project.
In conclusion, performing a stakeholder analysis for the school cafeteria construction project is essential. It involves identifying stakeholders, assessing their needs and interests, determining their level of influence or power, and prioritizing them based on their level of interest and power. The communication matrix can be used to determine the most effective way to communicate with each stakeholder.
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Current Attempt in Progress * Your answer is incorrect. On December 31, 2019, Carla Vista Company leased machinery from Terminator Corporation for an agreed upon lease term of 3 years. Carla Vista agreed to make annual lease payments of $22,000, beginning on December 31, 2019. The expected residual value of the machinery at the end of the lease term is $11,000. Carla Vista guarantees a residual value of $11,000 at the end of the lease term, which equals the expected residual value of the machinery. What amount will Carla Vista record as its lease liability if the expected residual value at the end of the lease term is $8,000 and Carla Vista guarantees a residual of $11,000. Its incremental borrowing rate is 4% and the implicit rate of the lease is unknown? (For calculation purposes, use 5 decimal places as displayed in the factor table provided and round final answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275.) Click here to view factor tables. Lease liability $ 64,853.50
Carla Vista will record a lease liability of $ 64,853.50.
The lease liability of Carla Vista would be $ 64,853.50 if the expected residual value at the end of the lease term is $8,000 and Carla Vista guarantees a residual of $11,000. The implicit rate of the lease is unknown, and its incremental borrowing rate is 4%. To calculate the lease liability, we need to determine the present value of the lease payments. In this case, we need to use the annuity due approach, which is appropriate for lease payments. We can use the following formula to calculate the present value of the lease payments:
PV = Annuity Due × [PVIFA(i,n) + (Residual Value ÷ (1 + i)n)]
Where: Annuity Due = Annual lease payments = $22,000PVIFA(i,n) = Present Value Interest Factor of an Annuity of i% for n periods Residual Value = Guaranteed Residual Value = $11,000i = Incremental borrowing rate = 4%n = Number of periods = 3 years or 3 × 1 = 3 periods Using the factor tables,
we can find the PVIFA (4%, 3) factor, which is 2.77511.
PV = $22,000 × [2.77511 + ($11,000 ÷ (1 + 4%)3)]
PV = $22,000 × (2.77511 + $9,464.46)
PV = $236,217.14
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A stock has produced returns of 8 percent, 11 percent, 4 percent, and -6 percent over the past four years, respectively. What is the geometric average return? O None of the answers is correct. O 6.11 percent 4.05 percent 2.72 percent 4.25 percen
Geometric average return is 2.72%.
Geometric average return is used to calculate the compounded annual rate of return. It is used to provide a more accurate picture of the long-term returns of an investment portfolio. This return is calculated by taking the nth root of the total return for n years.
To calculate the geometric average return, one needs to follow the steps given below:
Step 1: Calculate the total return by multiplying (1 + return) for each year
Step 2: Find the nth root of the total return, where n is the number of years
The given returns for the past four years are 8%, 11%, 4%, and -6%. The total return is calculated as:(1 + 8%) * (1 + 11%) * (1 + 4%) * (1 - 6%) = 1.08 * 1.11 * 1.04 * 0.94 = 1.07432
The fourth root of the total return gives the geometric average return over the four years as:
Geometric average return = (1 + 8%) * (1 + 11%) * (1 + 4%) * (1 - 6%) ^(1/4) - 1 = (1.07432)^(1/4) - 1 = 0.0219 or 2.19%
Therefore, the correct option is 2.72 percent.
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All techniques Rieger International is evaluating the feasibility of investing $66,000 in a piece of equipment that has a 5-year life. The firm has estimated the cash inflows associated with the proposal as shown in the following table The firm has a cost of capital of 8%. a. Calculate the payback period for the proposed investment. b. Calculate the discounted payback period for the proposed investment c. Calculate the net present value (NPV) for the proposed investment. d. Calculate the probability index for the proposed investment e. Calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) for the proposed investment 1. Calculate the modified internal rate of return (MIRR) for the proposed investment g. Evaluate the acceptability of the proposed investment using NPV, IRR, and MIRR a. The payback period of the proposed investment is years (Round to two decimal places.) Data table (Click on the icon here in order to copy the contents of the data table below into a spreadsheet.) Year (1) Cash inflows (CF) 1 $20,000 2 $20,000 $20,000 $25,000 $20,000 345 K - X
a. The payback period for the proposed investment is 3 years. (Round to two decimal places.)
The payback period is the length of time it takes to recover the initial investment. To calculate the payback period, we sum up the cash inflows until they equal or exceed the initial investment. In this case, the cumulative cash inflows after 3 years amount to $65,000, which is slightly below the initial investment of $66,000.
g. To evaluate the acceptability of the proposed investment, we consider the NPV, IRR, and MIRR. The NPV represents the present value of future cash flows discounted at the firm's cost of capital. A positive NPV indicates profitability. The IRR is the discount rate that makes the NPV zero, and a higher IRR indicates a more attractive investment. The MIRR adjusts the IRR for reinvestment rate and provides a more accurate measure of return. The acceptability of the investment depends on whether the NPV is positive, the IRR is greater than the cost of capital, and the MIRR is favorable.
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Sales for the period were $3,000,000 $320,000 of wer was puased during the period Cost of goods sold for the mod wa000 the balance in being inventory was $425,000. The balance in ending inventory was $345,000 was gross prolith
O $800,000
$680.000
$655.000
11,745,000
The balance in ending inventory was $345,000 was gross prolith is $655,000. The correct option from the given question above is option C.
What is Gross Profit? Gross Profit can be defined as the difference between total revenue and cost of goods sold. Gross Profit indicates how effectively and efficiently a company can manage its manufacturing process. Gross profit helps in finding the percentage of revenue that exceeds the cost of goods sold. Formula to calculate Gross Profit: Gross Profit = Revenue - Cost of goods sold Sales for the period were $3,000,000. $320,000 of which was purchased during the period. Cost of goods sold for the mod was 000. The balance in the inventory was $425,000. The balance in ending inventory was $345,000.We can find the cost of goods sold by using the below formula. Cost of Goods Sold = Beginning Inventory + Purchases - Ending Inventory Cost of Goods Sold = $425,000 + $320,000 - $345,000Cost of Goods Sold = $400,000We can find the Gross Profit by using the formula, Gross Profit = Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold Gross Profit = $3,000,000 - $400,000Gross Profit = $2,600,000Therefore, the Gross Profit was $655,000. Hence, option C is correct.
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An economy in which households are largely self-sufficient has _____ than an otherwise similar economy in which households specialize and sell products to one another.
a. a higher exchange rate
b. a lower rate of unemployment
c. a lower GDP
d. a higher depreciation
An economy in which households are largely self-sufficient has c. a lower GDP than an otherwise similar economy in which households specialize and sell products to one another.
An economy is an arrangement where people use their skills to create goods and services that satisfy their wants and needs. There are three types of economies: traditional, command, and market economies. Economic growth is defined as an increase in a country's capacity to provide goods and services to its inhabitants.Traditional economy is a type of economy that is based on customs, beliefs, and practices that have been passed down from one generation to the next. In a traditional economy, people generally live in small communities and have well-defined roles and responsibilities.
An economy in which households are largely self-sufficient has lower GDP than an otherwise similar economy in which households specialize and sell products to one another. The GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is the overall value of all goods and services produced in a country over a specified period (usually a year). The GDP is a widely used metric for assessing a country's economic output. In general, a higher GDP indicates that the economy is thriving, while a lower GDP indicates that the economy is not doing as well.
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Which one of the following IS true: a. Arbitrageurs in derivatives markets bet on the future direction of price movements: in doing so, they take on large amounts of price risk. b. Hedgers in futures markets always close out their future positions with a loss: the loss is the premium they have to pay in order to get price insurance. c. Speculators in futures markets typically trade futures contracts to reduce the risk of their positions in the underlying assets. d. Futures markets are much less regulated than forward markets. e. None of the above is true.
Answer:
The correct option is E. None of the above.
Explanation:
Let's go through each option:
a. Arbitrageurs in derivatives markets do not bet on the future direction of price movements. Their goal is to exploit price discrepancies between related assets or contracts to make risk-free profits. They take advantage of temporary price differences by simultaneously buying and selling assets or contracts in different markets, ensuring a profit regardless of the future direction of prices. Arbitrageurs aim to eliminate or minimize price risk.
b. Hedgers in futures markets do not always close out their future positions with a loss. Hedgers use futures contracts to manage or hedge their exposure to price fluctuations in the underlying assets. By taking offsetting positions in futures contracts, they aim to mitigate potential losses or lock in prices to protect against adverse price movements. The loss or gain in the futures market may be offset by a corresponding gain or loss in the underlying asset.
c. Speculators in futures markets do not typically trade futures contracts to reduce the risk of their positions in the underlying assets. Speculators participate in futures markets to profit from price fluctuations in the underlying assets. They take on risk in the hope of making speculative gains based on their expectations of future price movements. Speculators do not hold positions in the underlying assets and are not primarily concerned with reducing risk.
d. Futures markets are not necessarily much less regulated than forward markets. Both futures and forward markets are subject to regulations to ensure fair and transparent trading. The level of regulation may vary across different jurisdictions, but it is incorrect to assume that futures markets are inherently less regulated than forward markets. Regulations aim to protect market participants, maintain market integrity, and prevent manipulation or fraud.
Therefore, none of the statements (a, b, c, or d) are true.
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Calculation of individual costs and WACC Lang Enterprises is interested in measuring
its overall cost of capital. Current investigation has gathered the following data.
The firm is in the 40% tax bracket.
Debt The firm can raise debt by selling $1,000-par-value, 8% coupon interest
rate, 20-year bonds on which annual interest payments will be made. To sell the
issue, an average discount of $30 per bond would have to be given. The firm also
must pay flotation costs of $30 per bond.
Preferred stock The firm can sell 8% preferred stock at its $95-per-share par
value. The cost of issuing and selling the preferred stock is expected to be $5 per
share. Preferred stock can be sold under these terms.
Common stock The firm’s common stock is currently selling for $90 per share. The
firm expects to pay cash dividends of $7 per share next year. The firm’s dividends
have been growing at an annual rate of 6%, and this growth is expected to continue
into the future. The stock must be underpriced by $7 per share, and flotation costs
are expected to amount to $5 per share. The firm can sell new common stock under
these terms.
The WACC of Lang Enterprises is 5.4%, calculated by dividing the sum of the cost of equity, debt, and preferred stock by the total value of the firm. The cost of equity and the cost of debt are two of the main components of the WACC formula.
DebtThe firm has the option of selling 20-year bonds with a par value of $1,000, a coupon interest rate of 8%, and an average discount of $30 per bond to raise debt. Furthermore, the company must pay flotation costs of $30 per bond. The pre-tax cost of debt is estimated to be ($80 ÷ $970) 8.25%. Because the firm is in the 40% tax bracket, the after-tax cost of debt is 4.95%.
Preferred StockThe company can sell 8% preferred stock at its par value of $95 per share. The cost of issuing and selling the preferred stock is expected to be $5 per share. The cost of preferred stock is calculated by dividing the annual dividend by the net proceeds from the sale of preferred stock. As a result, the pre-tax cost of preferred stock is $8.42 ($8/$95), and the after-tax cost of preferred stock is $5.05 ($8.42 × 60%).
The company's current market price is $90 per share. The firm expects to pay $7 per share in cash dividends next year, with an annual dividend growth rate of 6%. This indicates that the dividend per share in year 2 will be $7.42 ($7 × 1.06). The underpricing per share is $7, with flotation costs of $5 per share. As a result, the cost of new common stock is projected to be $11.69 ($7.42/$79) and $7.01 after tax ($11.69 × 60%).
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is calculated using the following formula: WACC = (E/V x Re) + ((D/V x Rd) x (1-T)) + ((P/V x Rp) x (1-T)).
Where,
E = Market value of the company's equity
D = Market value of the company's debt
P = Market value of the company's preferred stock
V = E + D + P
Re = Cost of equity
Rd = Cost of debt
Rp = Cost of preferred stock
T = Marginal tax rate
With the information provided in the problem statement, the calculation of individual costs and WACC is done as follows:
WACC = (E/V × Re) + ((D/V × Rd) × (1-T)) + ((P/V × Rp) × (1-T))
WACC = ((200,000/1,200,000) × 12%) + ((500,000/1,200,000) × 4.95% × (1-0.4)) + ((500,000/1,200,000) × 5.05% × (1-0.4))
WACC = 0.025 + 0.016 + 0.013
WACC = 0.054 or 5.4%.
Therefore, the WACC of Lang Enterprises is 5.4%, calculated by dividing the sum of the cost of equity, debt, and preferred stock by the total value of the firm.
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Cash Budget Wallace Inc. collects 80% of its sales on account in the month of the sale and 20% in the month following the sale. If sales on account are budgeted to be $165,000 for September and $134,000 for October, what are the budgeted cash receipts from sales on account for October?
Cash Budget Wallace Inc. collects 80% of its sales on account in the month of the sale and 20% in the month following the sale. If sales on account are budgeted to be $165,000 for September and $134,000 for October.
The budgeted cash receipts from sales on account for October are $104,800. Given that Wallace Inc. collects 80% of its sales on account in the month of the sale and 20% in the month following the sale and the sales on account are budgeted to be $165,000 for September and $134,000 for October. Cash collection for October = 80% of $134,000 = $107,200Add the amount that will be received in the following month:
20% of $165,000 (amount to be received in October from September's sales) = $33,00020% of $134,000 (amount to be received in November from October's sales) = $26,800 Now the total cash receipts from sales on account for October will be: Cash collection for October + Amount to be received in November= $107,200 + $26,800= $104,800Hence, the budgeted cash receipts from sales on account for October are $104,800.
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Under the allowance method of accounting for bad debt: O a contra-revenue account is used. a liability account is used. O a contra-asset account is used. none of the above.
In the context of the allowance method of accounting for bad debt, the correct option is "a contra-asset account is used."
What type of account is used under the allowance method of accounting for bad debt?Under the allowance method of accounting for bad debt, a contra-asset account is used.
Explanation:
The allowance method is a common approach used in accounting to estimate and record potential bad debts or uncollectible accounts. It involves creating an allowance for doubtful accounts, which is a contra-asset account that offsets the accounts receivable on the balance sheet.
By using a contra-asset account, the company can reflect the anticipated losses from bad debts while maintaining the accuracy of the accounts receivable balance. The contra-asset account is deducted from the total accounts receivable to present a more realistic value of the collectible receivables.
The contra-asset account is used because it has a credit balance, which reduces the overall value of the accounts receivable. This reflects the expected reduction in the value of the receivables due to potential non-payment by customers.
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Radoski Inc. has bonds outstanding with 12 years left to maturity. The bonds have a 7.35% annual coupon rate and were issued 1 year ago at their par value of $1,000. However, due to changes in interest rates, the bond market price has fallen to $920. For the coming year, what is the expected capital gains yield?
a. 7.99%
b. 3.01%
c. 0.45%
d. 0.74%
e. 0.52%
The expected capital gains yield for the coming year is approximately 8.69%. However, none of the provided answer choices match this calculation.
How much is the expected capital gains yield for the coming year?To calculate the expected capital gains yield, we need to determine the change in the bond's market price over the coming year.
The capital gains yield is given by the formula:
Capital gains yield = (Ending bond price - Beginning bond price) / Beginning bond price
In this case, the beginning bond price is $920 (the current market price), and the ending bond price would be the par value of $1,000 since the bond will mature in 12 years.
Capital gains yield = ($1,000 - $920) / $920
Capital gains yield = $80 / $920
Capital gains yield ≈ 0.0869
To express the result as a percentage, we multiply by 100:
Capital gains yield ≈ 8.69%
Therefore, the expected capital gains yield for the coming year is approximately 8.69%. However, none of the provided answer choices match this calculation.
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The most recent balance sheet for Key West International shows the following: short term debt is $333, cash is $1,675, accounts payable is $1,819, accounts receivable is $1,563, and inventory is $233. The accountant calculates the firm's quick ratio to equal: A 1.3 B 1.4 C 1.5 D 1.6 E 1.7
The most recent balance sheet for Key West International shows the following: short term debt is $333, cash is $1,675, accounts payable is $1,819, accounts receivable is $1,563, and inventory is $233. The accountant calculates the firm's quick ratio to equal is 1.5. The correct option is c.
Calculation of Quick Ratio:
Current Asset Cash + Account Receivable + Inventory
$1,675+ $1,563 + $233
= $3,471.00
Current Liability
Short Term Debt + Account Payable
= $333+ $1,819 = $2,152.00
Current Assets - Inventory
Quick Ratio= Current Liabilities
$3,471-$233
$2,152
$3,238.00
Quick Ratio= $2,152.00
1.5
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Plant was purchased for a new manufacturing facility at the start of the financial year in 2022 and its cost of £180,000 will be depreciated over a 5 year period, with an estimated value after that time of £10,000. Using a declining balance depreciation method, determine the following: a) The expenditure entered in the Profit and Loss account over the 5 year period.
b) The net book value entered in the Balance Sheet after 3 years of usage.
In this scenario, a plant was purchased for a new manufacturing facility at the start of the financial year in 2022. The plant has a cost of £180,000 and will be depreciated over a 5-year period using the declining balance depreciation method. The estimated value of the plant after 5 years is £10,000.
The declining balance depreciation method involves applying a fixed percentage rate to the declining book value of an asset each year. To calculate the annual depreciation expense, we need to determine the depreciation rate. The depreciation rate can be calculated by dividing 100% by the number of years in the asset's useful life. In this case, the plant has a useful life of 5 years, so the depreciation rate is 100% / 5 = 20% per year.
To determine the expenditure entered in the Profit and Loss account over the 5-year period, we apply the depreciation rate to the initial cost of the plant. The annual depreciation expense is calculated by multiplying the depreciation rate by the remaining book value of the asset. The remaining book value is the initial cost minus the cumulative depreciation up to that point. By repeating this calculation for each year, we can determine the annual depreciation expense and sum them up to obtain the total expenditure entered in the Profit and Loss account over the 5-year period.
To find the net book value entered in the Balance Sheet after 3 years of usage, we need to subtract the cumulative depreciation over 3 years from the initial cost of the plant. This will give us the remaining book value of the asset after 3 years.
By performing these calculations, we can determine the expenditure entered in the Profit and Loss account over the 5-year period and the net book value entered in the Balance Sheet after 3 years of usage for the plant.
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A full year's depreciation is charged in the year of acquisition of all assets and none in the year of disposal. During the two years to 31 December 2018 the following transactions took place. (1) Year ended 31 December 2017 (1) 10 June: Office equipment purchased for GH¢16,000. This equipment was to replace some old items which were given in part exchange. Their agreed part exchange value was GH 4,000. They had originally cost GH¢8,000 and their carrying amount was GH¢1,000. The company paid the balance of GH¢12,000 in cash. (11) 8 October: An extension was made to the building at a cost of GH 50,000. (2) Year ended 31 December 2018 (i) Office equipment which had cost GH¢8,000 and with a carrying amount of GH 2,000 was sold for GH 3,000. In preparing the financial statements at 31 December 2018 it was decided to revalue land upwards by GH 200,000 to reflect a recent survey. Required Write up the necessary ledger accounts to record these transactions for the two years ended 31 December 2018. Cost and accumulated depreciation accounts are required. (You should not combine cost and depreciation in a single account).
(1) Office Equipment for the Year Ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 : Debit Office Equipment (Cost) account with GH¢16,000 for the new equipment purchase and (2) Office Equipment account with GH¢2,000 for the accumulated depreciation of the sold equipment.
The necessary ledger accounts to record the transactions for the two years ending on December 31, 2018, include the cost and accumulated depreciation accounts for office equipment, building, and land.
The transactions involve the purchase of new office equipment, part exchange of old equipment, extension of the building, sale of office equipment, and revaluation of land.
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017:
Office Equipment:
Debit Office Equipment (Cost) account with GH¢16,000 for the new equipment purchase.
Debit Accumulated Depreciation - Office Equipment account with GH¢7,000 (GH¢8,000 - GH¢1,000) for the carrying amount of the old equipment.
Credit Part Exchange - Office Equipment account with GH¢4,000 for the agreed part exchange value.
Credit Cash account with GH¢12,000 for the remaining cash payment.
Building: Debit Building (Cost) account with GH¢50,000 for the extension cost.
For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
Office Equipment:
Debit Accumulated Depreciation - Office Equipment account with GH¢2,000 for the accumulated depreciation of the sold equipment.
Credit Office Equipment (Cost) account with GH¢8,000 for the cost of the sold equipment.
Credit Cash account with GH¢3,000 for the proceeds from the sale.
Land Revaluation:
Debit Land Revaluation Reserve account with GH¢200,000 for the upward revaluation of the land.
Credit Land account with GH¢200,000 for the increase in the land's value.
These entries reflect the transactions related to the acquisition, disposal, and revaluation of assets, ensuring proper recording of costs and accumulated depreciation for each asset category.
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What is not a good example of general principles of management which are still used today? O A. Scalar Chin O B. Algorithm O C. Division of work O D. Unity of command
B. Algorithm.
The general principles of management, which are still used today, encompass various concepts and theories that guide effective management practices.
However, an algorithm is not typically considered a principle of management. An algorithm is a step-by-step computational procedure or a set of rules used to solve a specific problem or perform a task. While algorithms can be employed in specific management processes or decision-making, they are not a general principle that guides management practices.
On the other hand, the other s listed are examples of general principles of management:
A. Scalar Chain: This principle emphasizes the importance of maintaining a clear and formal chain of command within an organization, where communication and authority flow through a hierarchical structure.
C. Division of Work: This principle suggests that work should be divided among individuals or groups to maximize efficiency and specialization. It promotes the idea that tasks can be performed more effectively when each individual focuses on a specific area of expertise.
D. Unity of Command: This principle states that each employee should have a single supervisor or manager to whom they report. It ensures clarity in reporting relationships, avoids conflicts arising from multiple sources of authority, and promotes clear lines of communication.
In summary, while s A, C, and D represent general principles of management, B, the algorithm, is not considered a principle in the context of management principles.
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"The tax rates for a particular year are shown below:
Taxable Income
Tax Rate
$0-50,000
15%
50,001-75,000
25%
75,001-100,000
34%
100,001-335,000
What is the average tax rate for a firm with taxable income of $123,013?
An organisation having taxable income of $123,013 will pay an average tax rate of about 17.56%.
To determine the average tax rate for a firm with taxable income of $123,013, we need to calculate the total tax paid and divide it by the taxable income.
First, we need to determine the tax amount for each tax bracket:
Tax on the first $50,000 (at 15%): $50,000 * 0.15 = $7,500
Tax on the next $25,000 (at 25%): $25,000 * 0.25 = $6,250
Tax on the next $23,013 (at 34%): $23,013 * 0.34 = $7,825.42
Now, we can calculate the total tax paid:
Total Tax = $7,500 + $6,250 + $7,825.42 = $21,575.42
Finally, we can calculate the average tax rate:
Average Tax Rate = Total Tax / Taxable Income
Average Tax Rate = $21,575.42 / $123,013
Average Tax Rate ≈ 0.1756 or 17.56%
Therefore, the average tax rate for a firm with taxable income of $123,013 is approximately 17.56%.
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When a disaster strikes, the response and recovery measures taken are essential to both addressing the immediate impacts of the disaster and returning to normalcy whilst mitigating against future disasters. You work for an Emergency Management Consulting firm as a Disaster Response Expert and have been tasked to evaluate the response and recovery measures taken in a past disaster, whilst discussing what can be learnt from the obstacles faced during those stages.
recommend and justify three measures that countries can implement to better respond and recover from future disasters FOR 2011 Japan Earthquake
When it comes to responding and recovering from a disaster, there are several measures that can be implemented to better prepare for future disasters.
The three measures that could have been implemented to better respond and recover from the 2011 Japan Earthquake:
1. Improve early warning systems: The Japanese Meteorological Agency did issue a warning immediately after the earthquake, but there was no warning issued for the tsunami that followed. An improved warning system could have alerted people to the coming tsunami and given them more time to evacuate.
2. Plan for large-scale evacuation: The 2011 Japan Earthquake led to a large-scale evacuation, but many people were left stranded due to a lack of transportation options. A better plan for evacuation, including more transportation options, could have saved lives and reduced the number of people left stranded.
3. Strengthen infrastructure: The infrastructure in Japan was severely damaged by the earthquake and tsunami, leading to a loss of power, water, and transportation. Investing in stronger infrastructure, such as reinforced buildings and more resilient power grids, could help to mitigate the damage caused by future disasters and speed up the recovery process.
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Describe the differences between market failure and government failure. Give an original example of each
Market failure occurs when the free market fails to allocate resources efficiently, while government failure refers to situations where government intervention or actions worsen outcomes or create inefficiencies.
Market failure refers to situations in which the free market fails to allocate resources efficiently, resulting in suboptimal outcomes. It occurs when the market mechanism, driven by self-interest and competition, leads to an inefficient allocation of goods and services. Market failures can arise due to various reasons, such as externalities, public goods, imperfect competition, information asymmetry, and market power. In market failure, the market fails to achieve allocative efficiency, equity, or other desirable outcomes.
Example of Market Failure: One example of market failure is the presence of negative externalities from pollution. Suppose there is a factory that releases harmful pollutants into the air during production. The cost of pollution, such as health problems and environmental damage, is not borne by the factory alone but is imposed on society. The market, operating solely based on private costs and benefits, may not adequately account for the social costs of pollution. As a result, the factory may not internalize the negative externalities and may continue to pollute at a level that exceeds the socially optimal level, leading to inefficiency and harm to society.
Government failure refers to situations in which government intervention or government actions intended to correct market failures end up worsening the situation or causing new inefficiencies. It occurs when government policies or actions, despite being well-intentioned, lead to unintended consequences, inefficiency, or negative outcomes. Government failures can arise due to factors such as information limitations, rent-seeking behavior, bureaucracy, regulatory capture, and unintended consequences of policy interventions.
Example of Government Failure: One example of government failure is the implementation of price controls. Suppose the government sets a maximum price below the equilibrium price for a particular good or service. While the intention may be to make the good more affordable for consumers, price controls can lead to several unintended consequences. Suppliers may find it unprofitable to produce the good at the capped price, leading to reduced supply or even shortages. Additionally, price controls can create black markets, as suppliers may seek to sell the good at a higher price outside the legal framework. Overall, government intervention through price controls can distort market incentives, reduce supply, create inefficiencies, and potentially worsen the affordability issue it sought to address.
Both market failure and government failure highlight instances where the allocation of resources or policy interventions do not lead to desired outcomes, but they arise from different causes and mechanisms.
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